CN110280923B - 800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝及其制备方法、800H合金的焊接方法 - Google Patents
800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝及其制备方法、800H合金的焊接方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于焊接材料技术领域,具体涉及800H合金焊接用Fe‑Ni基合金焊丝及其制备方法、800H合金的焊接方法。本发明提供的Fe‑Ni基合金焊丝化学成分合理,用于800H合金焊接后,所得焊缝室温下的抗拉强度为557.6MPa,延伸率为37.5%,650℃下的抗拉强度为420MPa,延伸率为17.25%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于焊接材料技术领域,具体涉及800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝及其制备方法、800H合金的焊接方法。
背景技术
蒸汽发生器传热管是核电机组中的关键部件之一,当前国内外蒸汽发生器传热管材料是用Fe-Cr-Ni合金(800H合金)制造。800H合金由于具有较高蠕变/断裂强度和抗高温腐蚀性能,广泛用于制造蒸汽发生器传热管。然而,传热管在服役期间会出现焊接接头早期失效的问题,这对机组的长期安全稳定运行带来巨大隐患。
研发合适的焊丝是解决焊接接头早期失效问题的关键。目前,用于800H合金焊接的焊丝有Inconel 82焊丝,这种焊丝焊接后的室温抗拉强度较好,但在高温条件下工作后,抗拉强度会下降,给核电机组的安全运行埋下隐患。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,本发明提供的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的成分合理,作为填充焊丝对800H合金进行焊接时,能得到高温条件下抗拉强度和延伸率较高的焊接接头。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,包括如下质量百分含量的化学成分:C 0.05~0.10%、Si≤1.0%、Mn≤1.5%、Ni 29.0~32.0%、Cr 17.0~19.0%、Nb 0.35~0.45%、Mo 1.50~2.50%、Al 2.5~3.0%、N≤0.03%、B≤0.01%、S 0.002~0.008%、P 0.008~0.009%以及余量的Fe。
优选的,包括以下质量百分含量的化学成分:C 0.055~0.095%、Si 0.1~0.8%、Mn 0.1~1.2%、Ni 29.0~32.0%、Cr 17.0~19.0%、Nb 0.35~0.45%、Mo 1.50~2.50%、Al 2.5~3.0%、N 0.01~0.025%、B 0.001~0.009%、S 0.0020~0.008%、P0.008~0.009%以及余量的Fe。
优选的,所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的直径为1.0~1.5mm。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按照上述技术方案所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分配料,然后将所得原料混合物依次进行真空熔炼、浇铸、锻造、热轧和拉拔,得到Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。
优选的,所述锻造为热锻,始锻温度优选为930~1070℃,终锻温度为800~880℃。
优选的,所述热轧的温度为1150~1200℃,轧制速度为61~91mm/min,单次轧制的变形量为8~12%。
本发明提供了一种800H合金的焊接方法,利用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,对800H合金进行钨极氩弧焊;
所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝为上述技术方案所述的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝或上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。
优选的,进行所述钨极氩弧焊时,焊接电流为110~120A;
焊接电压为12V;
焊接速度为105~115mm/min;
氩气流量为8~10L/min。
优选的,对所述800H合金进行焊接时,焊接厚度≤2.5mm。
优选的,所述800H合金为核电蒸汽发生器的传热管。
本发明提供的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分合理,与800H合金的相容性更好,能够得到抗拉强度和延伸率较好的焊缝;当焊接后工件在高温条件下运行时,焊接接头处的合金组分相互熔合,焊缝的抗拉强度和延伸率仍能保持在较高水平,很好的解决了800H合金焊接接头早期失效的问题。实施例结果表明,本发明提供的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝用于800H合金焊接后,所得焊缝室温下的抗拉强度为557.6MPa,延伸率为37.5%,650℃下的抗拉强度为420MPa,延伸率为17.25%。焊接接头在高温条件下的拉伸性能优于现有800H母材焊丝(抗拉强度394.5MPa,延伸率为15.5%)和Inconel 82焊丝(抗拉强度为392MPa,延伸率为16.5%),有利于核电机组的安全运行。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的Fe-Si基合金焊丝制备及性能测试流程示意图;
图2为本发明进行拉伸试验时,所需拉伸试验的结构及尺寸示意图;
图3为本发明实施例1室温条件下拉伸试验后断口全貌的SEM图;
图4为本发明实施例1室温条件下拉伸试验后断口放大倍数的SEM图;
图5为本发明实施例1高温条件下拉伸试验后断口全貌的SEM图;
图6为本发明实施例1高温条件下拉很试验后断口放大倍数的SEM图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,包括如下质量百分含量的化学成分:C 0.05~0.10%、Si≤1.0%、Mn≤1.5%、Ni 29.0~32.0%、Cr 17.0~19.0%、Nb 0.35~0.45%、Mo 1.50~2.50%、Al 2.5~3.0%、N≤0.03%、B≤0.01%、S 0.002~0.008%、P 0.008~0.009%以及余量的Fe。
以质量百分含量计,本发明提供的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分包括:
C 0.05~0.10%,优选为0.055~0.095%,更优选为0.060~0.085%,再优选为0.065~0.080%;
Si≤1.0%,优选为0.1~0.8%,更优选为0.3~0.7%,再优选为0.4~0.6%;
Mn≤1.5%,优选为0.1~1.2%,更优选为0.35~1.0%,再优选为0.4~0.85%;
Ni 29.0~32.0%,优选为29.2~31.5%,更优选为29.5~31.0%,再优选为29.6~30.7%;
Cr 17.0~19.0%,优选为17.2~18.7%,更优选为17.5~18.5%,再优选为17.7~18.0%;
Nb 0.35~0.45%,优选为0.36~0.42%,更优选为0.37~0.41%,再优选为0.37.5~0.40%;
Mo 1.50~2.50%,优选为1.55~2.30%,更优选为1.40~2.25%,再优选为1.45~2.20%;
Al 2.5~3.0%,优选为2.55~2.9%,更优选为2.60~2.87%,再优选为2.63~2.85%;
N≤0.03%,优选为0.01~0.025%,更优选为0.012~0.020%,再优选为0.015~0.018%;
B≤0.01%,优选为0.001~0.009%,更优选为0.002~0.008%,再优选为0.003~0.0086%;
S 0.002~0.008%,优选为0.0021~0.007%,更优选为0.0022~0.006%,再优选为0.0025~0.005%;
P 0.008~0.009%,优选为0.0081~0.0089%,更优选为0.0082~0.0088%,再优选为0.0082~0.0087%;
进一步的,上述组分中,C与Nb的质量比优选为0.12~0.28:1,更优选为0.15~0.25:1;
除上组分外,还包括Fe,所述Fe的含量与上述技术方案各组分之和为100%。
本发明提供的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分合理,各组分之间存在如下作用:Al元素的加入可在传热管焊口形成致密的Al2O3保护膜,但Al是强烈的铁素体稳定化元素,为保证焊丝为单相奥氏体组织,将Ni元素和Nb元素与Al元素配合使用,缩小相图中的铁素体区,从而避免传热管在服役中产生高温铁素体,确保形成稳定的Al2O3保护膜;Nb元素可有效降低传热管的晶间腐蚀敏感性,但过高的Nb含量会导致传热管材的冶炼难度变大,需控制在本发明所述用量的范围内;Nb元素可与C元素结合形成MC型碳化物,从而实现沉淀强化,因此,本发明将Nb元素的含量和C元素的含量控制在上述范围内,使Nb的强化作用得到发挥;本发明提高Mo元素含量,这对改善材料的蠕变抗性有利,但在长时间的时效处理中,Mo元素会促使金属间化合物析出,本发明通过Ni元素用量的控制,抑制金属间化合物的析出。本发明提供的焊丝与800H合金的熔合性好,适合用于800H合金的焊接。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按照上述技术方案所述的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分配料,然后将所得原料混合物依次进行真空熔炼、浇铸、锻造、热轧和拉拔,得到Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。
本发明对上述技术方案所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝中各化学成分对应原料的来源没有特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员熟知的即可。需要说明的是,S、P、N元素为Fe组分对应原料中的杂质元素,无需额外添加。
配料后,本发明对配料所得原料混合物进行真空熔炼,得到适于浇铸的合金液。在本发明中,所述真空熔炼的真空度优选为0.1~1Pa,熔炼的温度优选为1580~1620℃,更优选为1580~1610℃;熔炼的时间优选为60~90min,更优选为75~85min。
得到合金液后,本发明将所述合金液进行浇铸;所述浇铸的方式优选为模铸。在本发明具体实施过程中,所述浇铸优选在外径30cm,内径20cm,深度35cm的圆柱形模具中进行,以得到合金锭,便于后续的锻造、热轧和拉拔。
得到合金锭后,本发明对所述合金锭进行锻造,得到锻材。在本发明中,所述锻造的方式优选为热锻;锻造时,始锻温度优选为930~1070℃,更优选为950~1050℃,终锻温度优选为800~880℃,更优选为810~850℃。本发明通过上述方式对合金锭进行热锻开坯,为后续热轧提供所需的材料。
得到锻材后,本发明将所述锻材进行热轧,得到焊丝盘条。在本发明中,进行所述热轧时,锻材的温度优选为1150℃~1200℃,更优选为1165~1195℃,再优选为1175~1185℃;热轧时,每次轧制压下量优选为8~12%,更优选为10%;轧制速度优选控制在61~91mm/min,更优选为65~85mm/min;所述热轧的次数为多次,以得到焊丝盘条;本发明在轧制过程,优选在轧制过程中对材料进行加热,以使材料温度保持在上述温度范围。本发明对所述热轧的次数没有特殊要求,能得到直径为5.5mm的的焊丝盘条即可。
热轧后,本发明优选通过自然冷却的方式,使热轧所得焊丝盘条冷却至室温,以进行下一步的处理。
得到焊丝盘条后,本发明对所述焊丝盘条进行拉拔,得到800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。在本发明中,所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的直径优选为1.0~1.5mm,更优选为1.2mm。本发明将焊丝盘条拉拔至焊丝的过程,优选分为粗拉和细拉两个阶段,所述粗拉是将焊丝盘条拉拔至直径为2.2mm的焊丝条,所述细拉是将直径为2.2mm的焊丝条拉拔至直径为1.2mm的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。在本发明中,所述拉拔优选在压力模具中进行。在本发明中,拉拔前优选对对焊丝盘条进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用本领域技术人员熟知的方法,能去除焊丝盘条表面的氧化层和杂质即可。
本发明对所述拉拔的具体操作过程没有特殊要求,能得到上述直径的焊丝即可。
本发明还提供了一种800H合金的焊接方法,利用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,对800H合金进行钨极氩弧焊;所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝为上述技术方案所述的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝或上述技术方案所述制备方法制备得到的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。
本发明提供的焊接方法针对的是800H合金,所述800H合金可以为管材、棒材或板材,具体如核电蒸汽发生器的传热管。本发明对所述800H合金的具体来源没有特殊要求,任何需要被焊接的800H合金即可。
在本发明中,对800H合金进行焊接时,所用的焊接方法为钨极氩弧焊;所述钨极氩弧焊的焊接工艺优选控制在如下条件:
焊接电流优选为110~120A,更优选为112~118A,再优选为113~117A;
焊接电压优选为12V;
焊接速度优选为105~115mm/min,更优选为107~113mm/min,再优选为108~112mm/min。
氩气流量优选为8~10L/min,更优选为8.5~9.5L/min,再优选为9L/min;
焊接厚度优选≤2.5mm,更优选为0.5~2.3mm,再优选为1~2.2mm。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明提供的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝及其制备方法、800H合金的焊接方法进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
按照图1所示的流程示意图进行试验:
按照表1所示的化学成分配料,随后采用真空感应熔炼炉(ZG-0.05)熔炼,在1Pa下,1590℃下进行真空熔炼,并浇铸,然后依次进行锻造、热轧和拉拔,其中锻造和热轧的工艺参数列于表2中,得到直径为1.2mm的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,备用;
以上述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝为填充焊丝,对800H合金板材(300mm×100mm×2mm)进行钨极氩弧焊,焊接工艺参数如表3所示。
实施例2~5
按照实施例1的方法提供Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,并进行钨极氩弧焊,焊丝的化学成分、制备条件以及焊接工艺参数分别列于表1~3中。
对比例1
以800H合金为焊丝,按照实施例1所述方式进行钨极氩弧焊焊接。
对比例2
以商用Inconel 82合金为焊丝,按照实施例1所述方式进行钨极氩弧焊焊接。
表1实施例1~5Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分(%,质量百分含量)
元素 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 |
C | 0.077 | 0.077 | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.087 |
Si | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.43 |
Mn | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.83 |
Ni | 29.73 | 29.75 | 29.76 | 29.72 | 29.73 |
Cr | 17.84 | 17.84 | 17.82 | 17.84 | 17.85 |
Nb | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
Mo | 2.03 | 2.01 | 2.03 | 2.05 | 2.05 |
Al | 2.73 | 2.65 | 2.69 | 2.86 | 2.92 |
N | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 |
B | 0.0086 | 0.0086 | 0.0086 | 0.0086 | 0.0086 |
S | 0.0029 | 0.0029 | 0.0029 | 0.0029 | 0.0029 |
P | 0.0082 | 0.0082 | 0.0082 | 0.0082 | 0.0082 |
Fe | 余量 | 余量 | 余量 | 余量 | 余量 |
表2实施例1~5制备Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的工艺参数
锻造 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 |
始锻温度℃ | 950 | 975 | 1000 | 1025 | 1050 |
终锻温度℃ | 810 | 820 | 830 | 840 | 850 |
热轧温度℃ | 1175 | 1180 | 1185 | 1200 | 1150 |
单次压下量% | 10 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 |
轧制速度mm/min | 70 | 80 | 90 | 65 | 75 |
表3实施例1~5和对比例1~2焊接工艺参数
焊接参数 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
电压V | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
电流A | 115 | 115 | 110 | 110 | 120 | 115 | 115 |
焊速mm/min | 110 | 105 | 110 | 105 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
Ar流量L/min | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
焊接厚度mm | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
性能表征与结果
按照图2所示的示意图,将焊接后工件进行机加工,得到拉伸性能测试用样品,测试按照《GBT228-2002金属材料室温拉伸实验方法》进行,分别测试焊接工件在室温和高温(650℃)条件下的拉伸性能,测试结果如表4所示。
表4实施例1~5和对比例1~2焊接接头的力学性能测试结果
由表4的测试测试结果可知,相对于对比例1(800H母材焊丝)和对比例2(Inconel82焊丝)而言,本发明提供的焊丝焊接后的室温抗拉强度略有下降,但延伸率明显增加,而在高温条件下(650℃)的拉伸性能具有明显优势,抗拉强度和延伸率均高于对比例1和对比例2,说明本发明提供的焊丝可替代800H母材焊丝或Inconel 82焊丝。
利用扫描电镜对实施例1焊接后所得测试样品经过室温和高温拉伸试验后形成的断口进行表征,结果如图3~6所示,图3为室温拉伸断口全貌,图4为室温拉伸断口放大图,放大后的断口呈韧窝形貌;图5为高温(650℃)下拉伸后断口的全貌,图6为高温(650℃)下拉伸后断口的放大图,放大后的断口呈韧窝形貌。由拉伸试验测试结果可知,使用本发明提供的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝对800H合金进行焊接后的试样拉伸断裂均为韧性断裂,说明本发明提供的焊丝的能有效改善焊件的力学性能,这对延长蒸汽发生器传热管的寿命具有重要意义。
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的成分合理,适于800H合金的焊接;该合金焊丝的制备方法简单、易控,适合工业化推广。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述,但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,人们还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例,这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,包括如下质量百分含量的化学成分:C 0.05~0.10%、Si≤1.0%、Mn≤1.5%、Ni 29.0~32.0%、Cr 17.0~19.0%、Nb 0.35~0.45%、Mo 1.50~2.50%、Al 2.5~3.0%、N≤0.03%、B≤0.01%、S 0.002~0.008%、P 0.008~0.009%以及余量的Fe。
2.如权利要求1所述的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,其特征在于,包括以下质量百分含量的化学成分:C 0.055~0.095%、Si 0.1~0.8%、Mn 0.1~1.2%、Ni 29.0~32.0%、Cr 17.0~19.0%、Nb 0.35~0.45%、Mo 1.50~2.50%、Al 2.5~3.0%、N 0.01~0.025%、B 0.001~0.009%、S 0.0020~0.008%、P 0.008~0.009%以及余量的Fe。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,其特征在于,所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的直径为1.0~1.5mm。
4.权利要求1~3任一项所述800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按照权利要求1~3任一项所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝的化学成分配料,然后将所得原料混合物依次进行真空熔炼、浇铸、锻造、热轧和拉拔,得到Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述锻造为热锻,始锻温度930~1070℃,终锻温度为800~880℃。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热轧的温度为1150~1200℃,轧制速度为61~91mm/min。
7.一种800H合金的焊接方法,其特征在于,利用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝,对800H合金进行钨极氩弧焊;
所述Fe-Ni基合金焊丝为权利要求1~3任一项所述的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝或权利要求4~6任一项所述制备方法制备得到的800H合金焊接用Fe-Ni基合金焊丝。
8.如权利要求7所述的焊接方法,其特征在于,进行所述钨极氩弧焊时,焊接电流为110~120A;
焊接电压为12V;
焊接速度为105~115mm/min;
氩气流量为8~10L/min。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的焊接方法,其特征在于,对所述800H合金进行焊接时,焊接厚度≤2.5mm。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的焊接方法,其特征在于,所述800H合金为核电蒸汽发生器的传热管。
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