CN110280221A - 一种生物基多孔吸油材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物基多孔吸油材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110280221A
CN110280221A CN201910591167.2A CN201910591167A CN110280221A CN 110280221 A CN110280221 A CN 110280221A CN 201910591167 A CN201910591167 A CN 201910591167A CN 110280221 A CN110280221 A CN 110280221A
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王毓
任俊鹏
赵君
田红英
王莉霞
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Guizhou Education University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生物基多孔吸油材料及其制备方法,该生物基多孔吸油材料由水生植物海花草为原始材料,利用氢氧化钠(NaOH)、双氧水作为表面纯化剂,选用核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)或正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si)作为表面改性剂,对其进行表面改性处理。本发明的吸油材料所选原材料海花草产量丰富,质量密度小,成本低廉,所制备的海花草基吸油材料吸附速率快、吸附效率高,保油率好,环境适应性好;同时本发明的制备方法生产工艺简单、安全,条件容易控制,生产中不含污染环境的有机溶剂,海花草吸附剂的可降解性强,是一种绿色环保高效的生物基吸附剂,易于工业化生产。

Description

一种生物基多孔吸油材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物基吸油材料技术领域,具体涉及一种新型海花草基多孔吸油材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
石油及各种油类在社会经济发展中起着十分重要的作用。伴随着人们对各种油品需求量的不断增加,在石油开采、加工、运输等过程中常常会发生溢油、漏油事故,这会严重影响水体安全和生态平衡。目前,油类污染对生态环境的严重威胁已经成为全球性问题,油污污染危害大、范围广又难以处理,是当今防治污染研究的重点和热点。
在处理石油水体污染方面,吸附法是常见且有效的方法。早期的石油泄漏吸附常用海绵,粘土等多孔性物质来吸附,但这种多孔吸油材料有明显的缺点:(1)吸油量不大,吸油倍率(质量比)较小;(2)油水选择性不高,往往吸油的同时伴随着吸水;(3)吸油后保油性差,稍加压就会重新泄油。这些缺点在当今石油开采及使用量急剧提升的国际环境下,传统的多孔吸附材料已经不能满足当今环保的标准,逐渐成为淘汰的产品。国内外研究者一直以能源减排新标准和环境绿色环保为依据,在如何提高吸油材料的吸油倍率、吸油速度、压力下的保油性能、油水选择性和水面浮油回收性能等方面做了大量研究。大量新的凝胶材料、生物基多孔吸油材料等被研究和开发,并拥有较好的吸油效果,但是其高昂的生产成本及差的油水吸附选择性,仍是当前研发新型的吸附材料研究的重点和难点,受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。因此,开展新型低成本生物基多孔吸油材料的研究对改善环境污染,净化水体等方面具有较大的经济价值和社会意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生物基多孔吸附材料及制备方法。
本发明的吸附材料所选原材料海花草,又名水草、水苔、泥炭藓,产量丰富、成本低廉,在吸油材料方面未有相关应用,且该制备方法工艺简单、安全、环保。所述海花草基吸附材料表现出良好的吸油率和优异的油水选择吸附性,为溢油污染的治理提供一种价廉高效的吸附材料。
本发明的一种生物基多孔吸附材料,由水生植物海花草为原始材料,利用氢氧化钠(NaOH)、双氧水作为表面纯化剂,选用核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)或正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si)作为表面改性剂,对其进行表面改性处理,改变海花草的表面微观结构和性能,有效的减小其表面的亲水基团(-OH)的数量,增加亲油基团的种类和数量,从而使材料的疏水性强、亲油性好,表现出良好的油水吸附选择性。
本发明的一种生物基多孔吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:
(1)海花草表面预处理工艺:将氢氧化钠3-8g和300-500mL水一起加入反应釜中,搅拌溶解,向溶液中添加质量分数30%的H2O2 3-10mL,搅拌均匀,加入干燥的海花草1-5g,并升温至80-95℃,磁力搅拌1h,结束后冷却至室温,用稀盐酸调节溶液pH=7,真空抽滤后置于真空干燥箱中,80℃烘干1h,得到表面预处理的海花草,反应后海花草颜色由黄褐色变成淡黄色。
步骤二:
(2)海花草表面改性工艺:将所得表面预处理的海花草0.2-2g材料置于无水乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,充分润湿。向混合后的溶液中依次添加0.2-0.8mL 10mg/mL核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球溶液、3mL 0.1-0.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、3-5mL乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)或正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si),超声波震荡0.5h。取出混合溶液,装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,置于马弗炉中,90-110℃温度下反应1.5h,冷却后过滤,真空干燥箱中80℃烘干2h,得到表面改性的海花草生物基吸油材料。
本发明与现有石油吸附相比,具有以下突出优点:
(1)所选原材料海花草特殊的多孔结构具备较好的吸附性能,具备制备天然高效吸附剂的优势,产量丰富,质量密度小,成本低廉。
(2)所制备的海花草基吸油材料吸附速率快、吸附效率高,保油率好,环境适应性好。
(3)经过表面预处理、表面改性的海花草表面亲水基团减少,亲油基团增加,材料与水的润湿角明显增加,使材料表现出良好的油水选择吸附性。
(4)结构新颖,设计合理,生产工艺简单、安全,条件容易控制,生产中不含污染环境的有机溶剂,海花草吸附剂的可降解性强,是一种绿色环保高效的生物基吸附剂,易于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为原始海花草微观形貌图形;
图2 为本发明实施例1中制备的海花草基吸附剂的表面扫描电镜微观形貌;
图3为本发明实施例1中海花草基吸油材料的制备流程图;
图4为表面改性机理图;
图5为本发明实施例1中海花草基吸附剂宏观吸油实验;
图6为原材料海花草与水接触角;
图7为本发明实施例1中制备的海花草基吸油材料3min与水接触角。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
一种高效低成本新型海花草多孔吸油材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在装有温度计、电动搅拌器的三口圆底烧瓶中加入氢氧化钠4g(0.1mol)、质量分数30% 过氧化氢溶液4mL和300mL去离子水,采用油浴升温至95℃,搅拌溶解;然后加入1g 干燥的海花草原料,磁力搅拌1 h,使海花草均匀分散在溶液中,并充分的反应。反应结束后海花草颜色由黄褐色变成淡黄色,冷却至室温,用稀盐酸溶液调节溶液pH至中性;真空抽滤,置于烘箱中80℃烘干1h,得到预处理的海花草样品。
(2)取上述得到的预处理后的海花草样品0.5g,分散于40mL 的无水乙醇溶液中,向其中添加0.5mL 10mg/mL核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球溶液、3mL正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si)、3mL 0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,室温下超声震荡30 min,以使其均匀溶解于乙醇溶液中。将混合均匀的海花草混合溶液置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢高压反应釜中,置于马弗炉中,在105℃条件下恒温加热1.5h,得到深褐色的海花草,真空抽滤、烘干得到表面改性的海花草生物基吸油材料,所得到吸油材料在吸附食用油的吸油率为22.91g/g,吸附机油的吸油率为20.43g/g。
实施例2
一种高效低成本新型海花草多孔吸油材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在装有温度计、电动搅拌器的三口圆底烧瓶中加入氢氧化钠4g(0.1mol)、质量分数30% 过氧化氢溶液4mL和300mL去离子水,采用油浴升温至95℃,搅拌溶解;然后加入1g 干燥的海花草原料,磁力搅拌1 h,使海花草均匀分散在溶液中,并充分反应。反应结束后海花草颜色由黄褐色变成淡黄色,冷却至室温,用稀盐酸溶液调节溶液pH至中性;真空抽滤,置于烘箱中80℃烘干1h,得到预处理的海花草样品。
(2)取上述得到的预处理后的海花草样品0.8g,溶解分散于40mL 的无水乙醇溶液中,向其中添加0.2mL 10mg/mL核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球溶液、3mL正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si)、3mL 0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,室温下超声震荡30 min,以使其均匀溶解于乙醇溶液中。将混合均匀的海花草混合溶液置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢高压反应釜中,置于马弗炉中,在90℃条件下恒温加热1.5h,得到深褐色的海花草,真空抽滤、烘干得到表面改性的海花草生物基吸油材料,所得到吸油材料在吸附食用油的吸油率为20.53g/g,吸附机油的吸油率为18.87g/g。
实施例3
一种高效低成本新型海花草多孔吸油材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在装有温度计、电动搅拌器的三口圆底烧瓶中加入氢氧化钠4g(0.1mol)、质量分数30% 过氧化氢溶液4mL和300mL去离子水,采用油浴升温至95℃,搅拌溶解;然后加入1g 干燥的海花草原料,磁力搅拌1 h,使海花草均匀分散在溶液中,并充分的反应。反应结束后海花草颜色由黄褐色变成淡黄色,冷却至室温,用稀盐酸溶液调节溶液pH至中性;真空抽滤,置于烘箱中80℃烘干1h,得到预处理的海花草样品。
(2)取上述得到的预处理后的海花草样品0.5g,溶解分散于40mL 的无水乙醇溶液中,向其中添加0.5mL 10mg/mL核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球溶液、3mL乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)、3mL 0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,室温下超声震荡30 min,以使其均匀溶解于乙醇溶液中。将混合均匀的海花草混合溶液置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢高压反应釜中,置于马弗炉中,在105℃条件下恒温加热1.5h,得到深褐色的海花草,真空抽滤、烘干得到表面改性的海花草生物基吸油材料,所得到吸油材料在吸附食用油的吸油率为22.56g/g,吸附机油的吸油率为19.8g/g。
实施例4
一种高效低成本新型海花草多孔吸油材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在装有温度计、电动搅拌器的三口圆底烧瓶中加入氢氧化钠4g(0.1mol)、质量分数30% 过氧化氢溶液4mL和300mL去离子水,采用油浴升温至95℃,搅拌溶解;然后加入1g 干燥的海花草原料,磁力搅拌1 h,使海花草均匀分散在溶液中,并充分的反应。反应结束后海花草颜色由黄褐色变成淡黄色,冷却至室温,用稀盐酸溶液调节溶液pH至中性;真空抽滤,置于烘箱中80℃烘干1h,得到预处理的海花草样品。
(2)取上述得到的预处理后的海花草样品0.8g, 溶解分散于40mL 的无水乙醇溶液中,向其中添加0.2mL 10mg/mL核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球溶液、4mL乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)、3mL 0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,室温下超声分离30 min,以使其均匀溶解于乙醇溶液中。将混合均匀的海花草混合溶液置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢高压反应釜中,置于马弗炉中,在95℃条件下恒温加热1.5h,得到深褐色的海花草,真空抽滤、烘干得到表面改性的海花草生物基吸油材料,所得到吸油材料在吸附食用油的吸油率为20.87g/g,吸附机油的吸油率为17.89g/g。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种生物基多孔吸油材料,其特征在于:选用的生物基材料为海花草。
2.一种生物基多孔吸油材料,其特征在于:由水生植物海花草为原始材料,利用氢氧化钠(NaOH)、双氧水作为表面纯化剂,选用核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)或正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si)作为表面改性剂,对其进行表面改性处理。
3.一种生物基多孔吸油材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)海花草表面预处理工艺:将氢氧化钠3-8g和300-500mL水一起加入反应釜中,搅拌溶解,向溶液中添加质量分数30%的H2O2 3-10mL,搅拌均匀,加入干燥的海花草1-5g,并升温至80-95℃,磁力搅拌1h,结束后冷却至室温,用稀盐酸调节溶液pH=7,真空抽滤后置于真空干燥箱中,80℃烘干1h,得到表面预处理的海花草,反应后海花草颜色由黄褐色变成淡黄色;
(2)海花草表面改性工艺:将所得表面预处理的海花草0.2-2g材料置于无水乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀,充分润湿;向混合后的溶液中依次添加0.2-0.8mL 10mg/mL核壳式磁性二氧化硅微球溶液、3mL 0.1-0.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、3-5mL乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(C8H18O3Si)或正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C14H32O3Si),超声波震荡0.5h;取出混合溶液,装入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,置于马弗炉中,90-110℃温度下反应1.5h,冷却后过滤,真空干燥箱中80℃烘干2h,得到表面改性的海花草生物基吸油材料。
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