CN110277880A - 旋转电机系统及车辆 - Google Patents

旋转电机系统及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110277880A
CN110277880A CN201910183635.2A CN201910183635A CN110277880A CN 110277880 A CN110277880 A CN 110277880A CN 201910183635 A CN201910183635 A CN 201910183635A CN 110277880 A CN110277880 A CN 110277880A
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electric machine
temperature
stator core
rotating electric
rotating
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糸山辽介
壹岐友贵
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16Stator cores with slots for windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/25Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/12Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
    • H02K15/125Heating or drying of machines in operational state, e.g. standstill heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

本发明的方案提供能够使拖曳损失减少,还能够抑制成本的旋转电机系统及车辆。旋转电机系统具备旋转电机单元;温度调整部及控制部。旋转电机单元具备旋转电机和温度检测部。旋转电机具备卷绕有线圈的定子铁心、以及具有磁铁的转子。温度调整部使定子铁心的温度上升。控制部在旋转电机的转速为规定的高速旋转状态下,在温度检测部检测的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,控制温度调整部使旋转电机的温度上升。

Description

旋转电机系统及车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及旋转电机系统及车辆。
背景技术
作为车辆驱动用的旋转电机,通常由于是高效率而采用磁铁马达(尤其是,采用将磁铁埋入转子的内部的IPM(Interior Permanent Magnet))。在混合动力车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)的情况下,在高速巡航时,为了高效地使用能量而考虑能量管理,通常不进行马达驱动而进行发动机行驶。在该状态下,在旋转电机与驱动轴直接连结的车辆的情况下,成为旋转电机被带动旋转的状态,产生空载损失(以下,称作拖曳损失)。为了排除该损失,已知具备将旋转电机从驱动轴断开的离合器的车辆。然而,在不具备离合器的车辆的情况下,需要在允许拖曳损失的状态进行行驶。
拖曳损失是在磁铁马达中发生的损失。拖曳损失主要是主磁通作用于定子铁心而产生的空载铁损。拖曳损失受磁滞损失及涡电流损失(铁损)、磁通量和转速的影响。
拖曳损失对于车辆而言成为制动,因此进行将与旋转电机相应的驱动力设为0的零转矩控制以便补偿反扭矩成分。在零转矩控制中,旋转电机尽管不工作但成为发生拖曳损失及通电损失的状态。
为了抑制该损失,期望使用能够降低拖曳损失的效率良好的旋转电机。
提出有根据旋转电机的铜损和铁损的发生程度来高效地冷却旋转电机的线圈末端及定子铁心的旋转电机单元的方案,该旋转电机的铜损和铁损的发生程度根据车辆的运转状态而变化。通过冷却线圈末端及定子铁心,能够抑制因铜损、铁损而在旋转电机产生的热量(例如,参照日本国特开2008-263753号公报)。
已知在旋转电机的定子铁心产生的铁损(涡电流损失)伴随定子铁心的温度上升而降低。因此,在日本国特开2008-263753号公报的旋转电机单元中,难以抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损而减少拖曳损失。
作为减少旋转电机的拖曳损失的方法,已知有基于定子、转子的磁路的变更、最佳化的对策。具体地,例如考虑用于定子铁心的钢板材料的改进、设置在转子的磁铁量的降低等。
然而,在通过钢板材料的改进、磁铁量的降低等来减少拖曳损失的情况下,难以抑制旋转电机单元的成本。因此,在该方法中,难以确保旋转电机单元的性能且抑制成本。
发明内容
本发明的方案提供能够减少拖曳损失而且能够抑制成本的旋转电机系统及车辆。
本发明的一方案的旋转电机系统具备:旋转电机单元,其具备旋转电机及与所述旋转电机关联的温度检测部,所述旋转电机具备定子铁心及转子,所述定子铁心具有插槽且卷绕有线圈,所述转子具有磁铁;温度调整部,其使所述旋转电机的温度上升;以及控制部,其控制所述温度调整部,在所述旋转电机的转速为规定的高速旋转状态下,在所述温度检测部检测的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,所述控制部控制所述温度调整部而使所述旋转电机的温度上升。
根据上述结构,在旋转电机为规定的高速旋转状态下,在温度检测部检测的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,通过温度调整部使旋转电机(尤其是,定子铁心)的温度上升。因而,能够抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损。如此,利用伴随定子铁心的温度上升而在定子铁心产生的铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,从而能够使旋转电机单元的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够改善旋转电机的损失,能够实现旋转电机的效率的提高。
接着,通过仅使旋转电机(具体而言,定子铁心)的温度上升的简单的结构,来抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机单元的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够抑制旋转电机单元的成本。
在上述旋转电机系统中,也可以是,所述温度检测部包括附加于所述定子铁心的所述线圈的热敏电阻。
根据上述结构,作为温度检测部,将热敏电阻附加于定子铁心的线圈,由此能够适当地检测定子铁心的温度。由此,能够良好地调整定子铁心的温度上升,能够良好地抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损而使拖曳损失降低。
另外,作为温度检测部,在定子铁心的线圈具备热敏电阻,由此能够将温度检测部设为简单的结构。由此,能够抑制旋转电机单元的成本。
在上述旋转电机系统中,也可以是,所述温度调整部包括使用制冷剂的制冷剂冷却装置。
根据上述结构,作为温度调整部包括制冷剂冷却装置,由此控制从制冷剂冷却装置向定子铁心供给的冷却介质量,从而能够良好地调整定子铁心的温度上升。由此,能够良好地抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损而使拖曳损失降低。
另外,通过将制冷剂冷却装置兼用作温度调整部,能够将温度调整部设为简单的结构。由此,能够抑制旋转电机单元的成本。
本发明的其他的方案的车辆具备上述旋转电机系统;内燃机;以及驱动轴,在所述车辆高速行驶时,在所述旋转电机被带动旋转的状态下,在所述旋转电机的转速为规定的高速旋转状态下,在所述温度检测部检测的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,所述控制部使用所述温度调整部而使所述旋转电机的温度上升。
根据上述结构,例如在车辆的高速行驶时,在锁定行驶时在旋转电机空载运动的状态下,在车辆为高速行驶时旋转电机被带动旋转而产生拖曳损失。于是,通过温度调整部使旋转电机(尤其是,定子铁心)的温度上升。由此,能够抑制、在定子铁心产生的铁损。如此,利用伴随定子铁心的温度上升而铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,能够使旋转电机单元的拖曳损失减少。由此,在车辆中的不需要断开离合器的发动机带动旋转的规格的混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力车辆中,能够使旋转电机单元的拖曳损失减少。其结果是,能够改善在内燃机的高速旋转区域的旋转电机的损失,能够实现旋转电机的效率的提高。
接着,通过仅使旋转电机(定子铁心)的温度上升的简单的结构,抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机单元的拖曳损失减少。
由此,能够抑制旋转电机单元(即,车辆)的成本。
根据本发明的方案,在旋转电机为规定的高速旋转状态下,在温度检测部检测的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,通过温度调整部使旋转电机的温度上升。由此,能够使拖曳损失减少,还能够抑制成本。
附图说明
图1是表示具备本发明的第一实施方式中的旋转电机系统的混合动力车辆的简要结构图。
图2是第一实施方式中的旋转电机系统的沿着轴线的剖视图。
图3是第一实施方式中的旋转电机系统的沿着与轴线交叉的方向的剖视图。
图4是表示在第一实施方式中的旋转电机安装有温度检测部的状态的立体图。
图5是表示第一实施方式中的制冷剂冷却机构的简要结构图。
图6A是表示将第一实施方式中的温度调整部开口了的状态的剖视图。
图6B是表示将第一实施方式中的温度调整部封堵了的状态的剖视图。
图7是对在第一实施方式中的混合动力车辆的行驶时在旋转电机的带动旋转的状态下减少拖曳损失的例子进行说明的流程图。
图8是对在第一实施方式中的旋转电机的定子铁心产生的涡电流进行说明的图。
图9是表示在第一实施方式中的定子铁心产生的涡电流与温度的关系的图表。
图10A是表示将第一实施方式的第一变形例中的温度调整部开口了的状态的剖视图。
图10B是表示将第一变形例中的温度调整部封堵了的状态的剖视图。
图11A是表示将第一实施方式的第二变形例中的温度调整部开口了的状态的剖视图。
图11B是表示将第二变形例中的温度调整部封堵了的状态的剖视图。
图12是表示具备本发明的第二实施方式中的旋转电机系统的混合动力车辆的简要结构图。
图13是表示具备本发明的第三实施方式中的旋转电机系统的混合动力车辆的简要结构图。
图14是表示具备本发明的第四实施方式中的旋转电机系统的车辆的简要结构图。
图15是表示具备本发明的第五实施方式中的旋转电机系统的混合动力车辆的简要结构图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于说明书附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。在实施方式中,作为车辆的一例而例示混合动力车辆1,作为混合动力车辆1的驱动单元而例示旋转电机系统4,但是不限定于此。例如,也可以将车辆适用于插电式混合动力车辆等,将旋转电机系统4适用于插电式混合动力车辆等。
[第一实施方式]
如图1所示,混合动力车辆1(车辆)是具备内燃机3及旋转电机16,根据行驶状态而通过内燃机3及旋转电机16中的至少任一方的驱动力来行驶的车辆。即,混合动力车辆1具备内燃机3、旋转电机系统4、驱动轴(脚蹬轴)5、动力分配机构6、发电机7、逆变器8及蓄电池9。
在混合动力车辆1行驶时,内燃机3、旋转电机16、发电机7、逆变器8等发热。因此,混合动力车辆1例如为了冷却旋转电机16、发电机7而具备制冷剂冷却机构17(参照图5)。
如图2、图3所示,旋转电机系统4具备旋转电机单元12、温度调整部14(参照图5、图6A、图6B)及控制部15(参照图1)。旋转电机单元12具备旋转电机16和温度检测部18(参照图4)。
旋转电机16是搭载于混合动力车辆1的行驶用马达。旋转电机16具备壳体21、定子22、转子24及轴26。
壳体21收容定子22及转子24,并且将轴26支承为能够旋转。定子22、转子24及轴26分别以轴线C为公共轴线而配置。
以下,将轴线C延伸的方向称为轴向,将与轴线C正交的方向称为径向,将环绕轴线C的方向称为周向来进行说明。另外,在各图中,箭头Z、箭头R及箭头θ分别表示轴向、径向及周向。
定子22具备定子铁心28和装配于定子铁心28的多层(例如,U相、V相、W相)的线圈31。
定子铁心28形成为将转子24从径向的外侧包围的筒形状。
定子铁心28通过环形状的板在轴向(即,层叠方向)层叠而构成,所述环形状的板通过对电磁钢板实施冲裁加工等而形成。定子铁心28也可以是所谓的压粉铁心。
具体而言,定子铁心28具有背轭33和多个齿34。背轭33形成为与轴线C配置在同轴上的筒形状。
多个齿34在周向上隔开规定间隔地形成。多个齿34从背轭33的内周面向径向的内侧突出。
在周向上相邻的齿34之间,隔开规定间隔而呈槽形状形成有插槽36。即,多个插槽36以相对于多个齿34在周向上交替地形成的状态设置于定子铁心28。
在多个插槽36配置有线圈31。线圈31卷绕于多个齿34。在该状态下,在定子铁心28装配有线圈31。
定子22通过在线圈31流过电流而产生磁场。
转子24配置在定子22的径向内侧。转子24具备:转子铁心41;装配(埋设)于转子铁心41的多个磁铁42;以及与转子铁心41的轴向两端面相接而配置的端面板44。转子铁心41形成为在轴向上一样地延伸的圆筒状。转子铁心41的外周面41a与定子铁心28的内周面28a对置配置。转子铁心41例如通过在轴向上层叠多张电磁钢板而形成。在转子铁心41的内侧插入有轴26,并通过压入等而被固定。
由此,转子铁心41与轴26成为一体,且能够绕着轴线C旋转。转子24通过在定子22产生的磁场与磁铁42排斥或吸引而被驱动以进行旋转。
如图4所示,在旋转电机16中,作为温度检测部18,例如使用热敏电阻。温度检测部18例如通过一对紧固连结构件(螺栓)43设置于定子铁心28。具体而言,温度检测部18例如在定子铁心28的端面28b中与定子铁心28的外周面28c相邻设置。而且,温度检测部18附加于定子铁心28的线圈31(具体而言,线圈末端31a)。
如此,作为温度检测部18的热敏电阻在定子铁心28的端面28b中与定子铁心28的外周面28c相邻设置。因而,能够通过温度检测部18适当地检测定子铁心28的温度。另外,作为温度检测部18的热敏电阻附加于线圈31。由此,能够利用温度检测部18适当地检测线圈31的温度(绕组温度)。
由此,能够利用温度检测部18适当地检测与旋转电机16关联的温度。由温度检测部18检测到的温度向控制部15(参照图1)传送。
如图1、图5所示,混合动力车辆1具备制冷剂冷却机构17(制冷剂冷却装置)。制冷剂冷却机构17例如构成为通过冷却介质(ATF(Automatic transmission fluid))来冷却内燃机3、旋转电机16及发电机7等。制冷剂冷却机构17具备用于使冷却介质循环的制冷剂循环路46。
内燃机3、旋转电机16及发电机7例如被制冷剂冷却机构17的冷却介质同样地冷却。由此,以下,对旋转电机16的冷却进行说明,并省略关于内燃机3、发电机7的冷却的详细的说明。
制冷剂循环路46与制冷剂供给泵连通。制冷剂循环路46具备第一循环路47和第二循环路48。第一循环路47例如沿旋转电机16的轴26(参照图2)及发电机7的轴(未图示)的轴心形成。在第一循环路47连通有多个第一喷嘴51。多个第一喷嘴51沿着与第一循环路47交叉的方向延伸。多个第一喷嘴51的前端开口。
导入到第一循环路47的冷却介质从多个第一喷嘴51的前端向旋转电机16的轴26侧供给。由此,旋转电机16的轴26、轴承、磁铁42(参照图3)被冷却介质冷却。
第二循环路48例如沿着旋转电机16的外周面侧及发电机7的外周面侧形成。在第二循环路48连通有多个第二喷嘴52。多个第二喷嘴52沿着与第二循环路48交叉的方向延伸。多个第二喷嘴52的前端向旋转电机16的外周面侧及发电机7的外周面侧开口。
导入到第二循环路48的冷却介质从多个第二喷嘴52的前端向旋转电机16的外周面侧供给。由此,旋转电机16(定子铁心28)的外周面28c侧被冷却介质冷却。
在第二循环路48中的与定子铁心28的外周面28c对应的部位设置有温度调整部14(参照图6A、图6B)。
如图6A、图6B所示,温度调整部14具备开闭阀54。开闭阀54配置在第二循环路48内。开闭阀54被支承为沿着与第二循环路48交叉的箭头方向(即,开闭方向)移动自如。开闭阀54构成为通过沿着开闭方向移动而能够对第二喷嘴52进行开闭。第二喷嘴52配置在与旋转电机16(定子铁心28)的外周面28c对置的位置。
如图6A所示,利用开闭阀54将第二喷嘴52打开。因而,第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,能够通过冷却介质冷却定子铁心28。
如图6B所示,利用开闭阀54将第二喷嘴52关闭。
因而,抑制第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,能够利用温度调整部14使定子铁心28的温度上升。
即,温度调整部14构成为包括制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分。
换言之,制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分兼用作温度调整部14。根据温度调整部14,能够控制从制冷剂冷却机构17向定子铁心28供给的冷却介质量,从而良好地调整定子铁心28的温度上升。
已知在旋转电机16的定子铁心28产生的铁损(涡电流损失)伴随定子铁心28的温度上升而降低。由此,能够良好地抑制在定子铁心28产生的铁损而使拖曳损失降低。其结果是,能够改善在内燃机3的高速旋转区域的旋转电机16的损失,能够实现旋转电机16的效率的提高。
另外,通过将制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分兼用作温度调整部14,从而能够将温度调整部14设为简单的结构。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统4(参照图1)的成本。
如图1、图6A、图6B所示,温度调整部14被控制部15控制。向控制部15传递有来自温度检测部18(参照图4)的检测温度。
由温度检测部18检测出定子铁心28的温度及线圈31的温度(绕组温度)。
向控制部15传递有冷却介质的制冷剂温度。冷却介质的制冷剂温度例如被热敏电阻直接测定。
混合动力车辆1的锁定状态、旋转电机16的马达转速从ECU(enginecontrol unit)传递。ECU例如是为了控制内燃机的运转而设置于混合动力车辆的控制机构。
在旋转电机16的转速从低速旋转上升到规定的高速旋转的状态下,绕组温度及制冷剂温度小于规定值的情况下,控制部15控制温度调整部14而使旋转电机16(具体而言,定子铁心28)的温度上升。
接着,除了图7的流程图之外还基于图5、图6A、图6B、图8及图9对利用旋转电机系统4抑制在混合动力车辆1的锁定行驶时因旋转电机16的带动旋转而发生的拖曳损失的例子进行说明。
如图5~图7所示,在混合动力车辆1的步骤S1中,在混合动力车辆1高速行驶时,在旋转电机16的转速为规定的高速旋转状态下,在非锁定行驶的情况下,在步骤S2中执行通常冷却。即,在步骤S2中,利用温度调整部14的开闭阀54将第二喷嘴52保持为打开状态。
因而,第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向旋转电机16的定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,定子铁心28的外周面28c被冷却介质冷却。即,定子铁心28被制冷剂冷却机构17保持为通常的冷却状态。
在一方面,在步骤S1中,在混合动力车辆1为锁定行驶的情况下,因旋转电机16的带动旋转而产生涡电流。对涡电流与通过涡电流而产生的焦耳热的关系进行说明。
如图8所示,由于产生涡电流I,在定子铁心28产生焦耳热We。
We=βf2Bm 2
其中,
β:由铁心的板材决定的常数
f:频率(Hz)
Bm:磁通密度(Wb/m2)。
因而,通过预先使定子铁心28的温度上升,能够抑制涡电流I的产生。基于图9对定子铁心28的涡电流(铁损)与温度的关系进行说明。
图9是表示在定子铁心28产生的涡电流(铁损)与温度的关系的图表。在图9中,纵轴表示定子铁心28的铁损,横轴表示定子铁心28的温度。图表G1表示定子铁心28的铁损与温度的关系。
如图9的图表G1所示,随着定子铁心28的温度上升,定子铁心28的铁损降低。
于是,如图5~图7所示,在步骤S1中,在混合动力车辆1为锁定行驶的情况下,通过进入步骤S3,执行使定子铁心28的温度上升来抑制定子铁心28的铁损的控制。
即,在步骤S3中,判定旋转电机16的绕组温度T1是否满足T1≤197℃、制冷剂温度T2是否满足T2≤120℃的条件。在不满足条件的情况下,在步骤S4中执行通常冷却。
绕组温度T1≤197℃、制冷剂温度T2≤120℃的条件例如根据混合动力车辆1的管理温度的上限来设定。
通过在步骤S4中执行通常冷却,利用温度调整部14的开闭阀54将第二喷嘴52保持为打开的状态。由此,第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,定子铁心28的外周面28c被冷却介质冷却。即,制冷剂冷却机构17被保持为通常的冷却状态。
另一方面,在步骤S3中,在旋转电机16的绕组温度T1满足T1≤197℃、制冷剂温度T2满足T2≤120℃的条件的情况下,执行步骤S5而使定子铁心28的温度上升。
即,在步骤S5中,利用温度调整部14的开闭阀54将第二喷嘴52关闭。因而,抑制第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,能够使旋转电机16的定子铁心28的温度上升。
如图9所示,通过使定子铁心28的温度上升,能够抑制在定子铁心28产生的铁损。
于是,在旋转电机16为规定的高速旋转状态下,由温度检测部18检测的检测温度(即,绕组温度T1)、制冷剂温度T2小于规定值的情况下,利用温度调整部14使旋转电机16的定子铁心28的温度上升。因而,能够抑制在定子铁心28产生的铁损。
如此,利用伴随定子铁心28的温度上升而在定子铁心28产生的铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,从而在混合动力车辆1中能够减少旋转电机系统4的拖曳损失。其结果是,能够改善在内燃机3的高速旋转区域中的旋转电机16的损失,能够实现旋转电机16的效率的提高。
并且,通过仅使定子铁心28的温度上升的简单的结构,来抑制在定子铁心28产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机系统4的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统4(即,混合动力车辆1)的成本。
接着,基于图10A、图10B说明第一变形例的温度调整部60。基于图11A、图11B说明第二变形例的温度调整部70。在第一变形例的温度调整部60、第二变形例的温度调整部70,关于与第一实施方式的温度调整部14同一类似构件标有相同的附图标记,并省略详细的说明。
(第一变形例)
如图10A、图10B所示,温度调整部60具备开闭阀62而代替第一实施方式的温度调整部14的开闭阀54,其他结构与第一实施方式的温度调整部14同样。
开闭阀62配置在第二循环路48内。开闭阀62被支承为沿着第二循环路48向箭头方向(即,开闭方向)移动自如。开闭阀62构成为通过在开闭方向上移动而能够对第二喷嘴52进行开闭。
如图10A所示,利用开闭阀62将第二喷嘴52打开。由此,第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向旋转电机16的定子铁心28的外周面28a侧供给。由此,能够通过冷却介质冷却定子铁心28。
如图10B所示,通过开闭阀62来调整第二喷嘴52的开口状态。由此,抑制第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,能够通过温度调整部60使定子铁心28的温度上升。
即,温度调整部60与第一实施方式的温度调整部14同样地,构成为包括制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分。换言之,制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分兼用作温度调整部60。根据温度调整部60,能够控制从制冷剂冷却机构17向定子铁心28供给的冷却介质量,从而良好地调整定子铁心28的温度上升。由此,能够良好地抑制在定子铁心28产生的铁损而使拖曳损失降低。
另外,通过将制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分兼用作温度调整部60,能够将温度调整部60设为简单的结构。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统4的成本。
(第二变形例)
如图11A、图11B所示,温度调整部70具备开闭阀72而代替第一实施方式的温度调整部14的开闭阀54,其他的结构与第一实施方式的温度调整部14同样。
开闭阀72配置在第二循环路48内。开闭阀72被支承为以支承轴73为轴而沿着箭头方向(即,开闭方向)转动自如。开闭阀72构成为通过向开闭方向移动而能够对第二喷嘴52进行开闭。
如图11A所示,利用开闭阀72将第二喷嘴52打开。由此,第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向旋转电机16的定子铁心28的外周面28a侧供给。由此,能够通过冷却介质冷却定子铁心28。
如图11B所示,利用开闭阀72调整第二喷嘴52的开口状态。因而,抑制第二循环路48的冷却介质从第二喷嘴52向定子铁心28的外周面28c侧供给。由此,能够通过温度调整部70使定子铁心28的温度上升。
即,温度调整部70与第一实施方式的温度调整部14同样地,构成为包括制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分。换言之,制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分兼用作温度调整部70。根据温度调整部70,能够控制从制冷剂冷却机构17向定子铁心28供给的冷却介质量,从而良好地调整定子铁心28的温度上升。由此,能够良好地抑制在定子铁心28产生的铁损而使拖曳损失降低。
另外,通过将制冷剂冷却机构17的一部分兼用作温度调整部70,能够将温度调整部70设为简单的结构。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统4的成本。
在第一实施方式中,基于图1所示的混合动力车辆1,说明了因旋转电机16的带动旋转而产生拖曳损失的例子,但是本发明也能够适用于其他混合动力车辆。以下,基于图12~图15说明能够适用本发明的第二实施方式~第五实施方式的混合动力车辆。
[第二实施方式]
如图12所示,混合动力车辆100(车辆)具备内燃机101、旋转电机102、驱动轴(脚蹬轴)103、变速器(行星齿轮)104及发电机105。混合动力车辆100例如为了在高速巡航时高效地使用能量,不进行马达驱动而进行发动机行驶。在该状态下,在旋转电机102与驱动轴103直接连结的情况下,旋转电机102成为被内燃机101带动旋转的状态,在旋转电机102产生空载损失(拖曳损失)。
根据混合动力车辆100,通过使旋转电机102的定子铁心的温度上升,能够抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损。如此,利用伴随定子铁心的温度上升而在定子铁心产生的铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,从而在混合动力车辆100中,能够使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。
接着,通过仅使定子铁心的温度上升的简单的结构,来抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统4(即,混合动力车辆)的成本。
[第三实施方式]
如图13所示,混合动力车辆110(车辆)具备内燃机111、旋转电机112、驱动轴(脚蹬轴)113、逆变器114、蓄电池115及发电机116。混合动力车辆110例如为了在高速巡航时高效地使用能量,不进行马达驱动而进行发动机行驶。在该状态下,在旋转电机112与驱动轴113直接连结的情况下,旋转电机112成为被内燃机111带动旋转的状态,在旋转电机112产生空载损失(拖曳损失)。
根据混合动力车辆110,通过使旋转电机112的定子铁心的温度上升,能够抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损。如此,利用伴随定子铁心的温度上升而在定子铁心产生的铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,从而在混合动力车辆110中,能够使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。
而且,通过仅使定子铁心的温度上升的简单的结构,抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统(即,混合动力车辆)的成本。
[第四实施方式]
如图14所示,混合动力车辆120(车辆)具备旋转电机122、驱动轴(脚蹬轴)123、逆变器124及蓄电池125。混合动力车辆120例如在蓄电池125的充电量达到上限的状态下进行下坡行驶的情况下,旋转电机122不进行再生而成为空走状态(带动旋转的状态)。
在该状态下,在旋转电机122产生空载损失(拖曳损失)。
根据混合动力车辆120,通过使旋转电机122的定子铁心的温度上升,能够抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损。如此,利用伴随定子铁心的温度上升而在定子铁心产生的铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,从而在混合动力车辆120中,能够使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。
接着,通过仅使定子铁心的温度上升的简单的结构,抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统(即,混合动力车辆)的成本。
[第五实施方式]
如图15所示,混合动力车辆130(车辆)具备内燃机131、旋转电机132、驱动轴(脚蹬轴)133、变速器134、逆变器135及蓄电池136。混合动力车辆130例如为了在高速巡航时高效地使用能量,不进行马达驱动而进行发动机行驶。在该状态下,在旋转电机132与驱动轴133直接连结的情况下,旋转电机132成为被内燃机131带动旋转的状态,在旋转电机132产生空载损失(拖曳损失)。
根据混合动力车辆130,通过使旋转电机132的定子铁心的温度上升,能够抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损。如此,利用伴随定子铁心的温度上升而在定子铁心产生的铁损(涡电流损失)降低的现象,从而在混合动力车辆130中,能够使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。
接着,通过仅使定子铁心的温度上升的简单的结构,抑制在定子铁心产生的铁损,从而使旋转电机系统的拖曳损失减少。由此,能够抑制旋转电机系统(即,混合动力车辆)的成本。
需要说明的是,本发明的技术范围并不限定于上述的实施方式,在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内,能够施加各种的变更。

Claims (4)

1.一种旋转电机系统,其中,
所述旋转电机系统具备:
旋转电机单元,其具备旋转电机及与所述旋转电机关联的温度检测部,所述旋转电机具备定子铁心及转子,所述定子铁心具有插槽且卷绕有线圈,所述转子具有磁铁;
温度调整部,其使所述旋转电机的温度上升;以及
控制部,其控制所述温度调整部,
在所述旋转电机的转速为规定的高速旋转状态下,在所述温度检测部的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,所述控制部控制所述温度调整部而使所述旋转电机的温度上升。
2.根据权利要求1所述的旋转电机系统,其中,
所述温度检测部包括附加于所述定子铁心的所述线圈的热敏电阻。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的旋转电机系统,其中,
所述温度调整部包括使用制冷剂的制冷剂冷却装置。
4.一种车辆,其中,
所述车辆具备:
权利要求1所述的旋转电机系统;
内燃机;以及
驱动轴,
在所述车辆为高速行驶时,在所述旋转电机为被带动旋转的状态下,
在所述旋转电机的转速为规定的高速旋转状态下,在所述温度检测部的检测温度小于规定值的情况下,所述控制部使用所述温度调整部使所述旋转电机的温度上升。
CN201910183635.2A 2018-03-15 2019-03-11 旋转电机系统及车辆 Pending CN110277880A (zh)

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