CN110269020B - Self-feedback type fresh water pearl culture system and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Self-feedback type fresh water pearl culture system and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110269020B CN110269020B CN201910667406.8A CN201910667406A CN110269020B CN 110269020 B CN110269020 B CN 110269020B CN 201910667406 A CN201910667406 A CN 201910667406A CN 110269020 B CN110269020 B CN 110269020B
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000364669 Leptocylindrus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000376029 Tachysurus fulvidraco Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010984 cultured pearl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000382840 Hyriopsis cumingii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000791420 Plica Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-feedback fresh water pearl culture system and a culture method thereof, belonging to the field of fresh water mussels, which can realize that the mussels are not easy to be caught by natural enemies during the growth and development process by utilizing a hanging culture technology and are convenient for the subsequent harvest work of farmers, and the hanging culture system containing hanging culture balls is arranged at the water inlet or the water outlet of a lake, so that enough food is provided for the mussels hung in the hanging culture balls by utilizing lake water flow, the mussels are convenient to filter and eat, and simultaneously, foreign matters such as silt and the like mixed with the water flow enter a pearl culture bag in the mussels to automatically become pearl nuclei, so that the pearl culture process in the mussels simulates a wild state as much as possible, the pearl culture quality is improved, and finally, self-feedback adjustment is formed by utilizing the self weight of a balancing weight according to the lake period or the dry period so that the water depth position of the hanging culture balls is always fixed, and the mussels in the hanging ball can receive enough sunlight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of freshwater mussel culture, in particular to a self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system and a culture method thereof.
Background
The freshwater pearl mussels are generally referred to as hyriopsis cumingii and plica cristata, when foreign matters enter the freshwater mussels in the foraging process of the freshwater mussels, the foreign matters can enter a pearl cultivating sac along with the digestive system of the freshwater mussels, and the freshwater mussels can secrete nacre to wrap the foreign matters, so that pearls are formed finally.
Although mussel meat can be eaten and has a certain medicinal value, the pearl cultivation (pearl cultivation) is the most important cultivation direction for the fresh water mussel cultivation at the present stage.
Because the factors influencing the formation of the pearl in the freshwater mussel body are many, the length of water quality, water temperature, water fertilizer, water flow and even sunshine all have certain influence on the formation of the pearl, so that in the process of culturing the freshwater mussels, each living environment of the freshwater mussels needs to be monitored strictly, and the freshwater mussels are prevented from developing to cause problems.
Most of the current freshwater mussel culture modes are free-range culture and box-type culture, the free-range culture cost is low, but the in-process of re-culture is difficult to prevent the natural enemies of the freshwater mussels, and the recovery of the freshwater mussels after the mature pearls is troublesome, and although the box-type culture needs to carry out certain capital investment before culture, in the process of freshwater mussel culture, the natural enemies of the freshwater mussels can be effectively prevented, meanwhile, the recovery of the freshwater mussels after the mature pearls is convenient for pearl taking, and therefore the means of freshwater mussel culture is mostly converted into box-type culture from rough free-range culture.
At the present stage, the most breeding field of freshwater mussels is a freshwater lake, the freshwater lake often has flood season and dry season in four seasons of the year, the water depth of the freshwater lake is different between the flood season and the dry season, the water depth is deeper in the flood season, the freshwater mussels positioned at the bottom of the water are difficult to obtain enough sunlight at the moment, the water depth is shallower in the dry season, the freshwater mussels positioned at the bottom of the water can obtain enough sunlight at the moment, the water temperature is higher at the moment, the freshwater mussels are suitable for growing in the flood season, most of the freshwater mussels in the dry season are lower in temperature in autumn and winter, the water temperature is lower at the moment, the freshwater mussels are not suitable for growing, and therefore the temperature suitable for growing of the freshwater mussels is just staggered with the sunlight in the process of growing of the freshwater mussels, and the optimal growth speed of the freshwater mussels is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a self-feedback type freshwater pearl culture system and a culture method thereof, which can realize that the freshwater pearl culture system is not easy to be caught by natural enemies during the growth and development process of the freshwater pearl by using a hanging culture technology, meanwhile, the subsequent harvesting work of farmers is convenient, the hanging culture system containing the hanging culture ball is arranged at the water inlet or the water outlet of a lake, the water flow at the water inlet or the water outlet of the lake is used for providing enough food for the freshwater pearl cultured in the hanging culture ball so as to be convenient for the freshwater pearl filtration, meanwhile, after foreign matters such as silt and the like mixed with the water flow enter a pearl culture bag in the freshwater pearl culture ball, the pearl culture process in the freshwater pearl culture ball can be simulated as much as possible, the quality of the cultured pearl is improved, finally, the self-feedback adjustment is formed according to the flood season or the dry season of the lake by using the self weight of the balancing weight, so that the water depth position of the hanging culture ball is always fixed, the mussels in the hanging breeding ball can receive enough sunlight to promote the normal growth of the mussels.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system and a culture method thereof comprise a freshwater lake, a breeding system, a seedling culture system and a hanging culture system, wherein the breeding system, the seedling culture system and the hanging culture system are all arranged in the freshwater lake for culture, the breeding system comprises a breeding box and female clams positioned in the breeding box, the seedling culture system comprises a culture box and host fishes positioned in the culture box, the outer walls of the breeding box and the culture box are of net structures, the breeding box is positioned in the culture box, the culture box and the breeding box are both positioned in the central region of the lake with calmer lake water, the hanging culture system comprises a plurality of positioning rods, one ends of the positioning rods are fixedly connected to the lake bottom of the freshwater lake, the other ends of the positioning rods are positioned above the liquid level of the lake water, lantern rings are sleeved on the outer sides of the positioning rods, floating balls are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the lantern rings, the downside of floater is equipped with hangs foster ball, the downside that hangs foster ball is equipped with the balancing weight, hang foster ball and equal fixedly connected with wire rope between floater and the balancing weight, because the effect of balancing weight for it can fix the certain position in the depth of water all the time to hang foster ball, makes the mussel of hanging foster in hanging foster ball can obtain sufficient sunshine all the time, is difficult for influencing the normal growth of mussel and educates the pearl.
Furthermore, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be selected as the host fish in the seedling raising system, the net opening of the breeding box of the seedling raising system needs to be selected with a large caliber, the juvenile fish of the host fish can freely enter and exit the breeding box, the larval hooked hook is not easy to parasitize on the juvenile fish, a large number of juvenile fish are not easy to die, and the breeding water quality of the freshwater mussels is not easy to influence.
Furthermore, a plurality of the locating levers all are located the water inlet or the delivery port department in fresh water lake, and the rivers of lake water inlet and delivery port are comparatively quick, and easily press from both sides and take a large amount of organic matter pieces, make things convenient for the freshwater mussel to strain and eat, and a large amount of silt can be smugglied by the faster rivers simultaneously, forms pearl nucleus after the freshwater mussel intakes internally, promotes the freshwater mussel to breed the pearl.
Furthermore, the hanging maintenance ball comprises an upper ball shell and a lower ball shell which are matched with each other, four through holes which are matched with each other are drilled at the contact part of the upper ball shell and the lower ball shell, the interior of the hanging maintenance ball is communicated with the outside through the through holes, a movable rod is fixedly connected on the inner wall of the upper ball shell, one end of the movable rod, far away from the upper ball shell, is fixedly connected with a limit cover, the inner wall of the lower ball shell is fixedly connected with a fixed rod, one end of the fixed rod, far away from the lower ball shell, is provided with a limit chute which is matched with the limit cover, one end of the movable rod, far away from the upper ball shell, is inserted in the limit chute, a seal cover is sleeved on the movable rod and is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the fixed rod, a compression spring is fixedly connected between a groove bottom plate of the limit chute and the seal cover, the compression spring is sleeved on the outer side of the, the upper spherical shell and the lower spherical shell are always in a closed state, underwater predators threatening freshwater mussels greatly are jawberries, and the upper spherical shell and the lower spherical shell are difficult to break by the jawberries, so that the freshwater mussels can grow in a safer environment and are not easy to die due to the existence of natural enemies.
Further, be connected with sealed wear ring between movable rod and the sealed lid, and sealed wear ring and sealed lid fixed connection, the equal fixedly connected with polishing layer of inner wall of sealed wear ring and the outer wall of movable rod, sealed wear ring can reduce the wearing and tearing between movable rod and the sealed lid, makes the difficult appearance of being connected between movable rod and the sealed lid rock, is difficult for causing spherical shell and lower spherical shell dislocation, is difficult for influencing the protection effect of hanging the ball.
Furthermore, fixedly connected with waterproof rubber pad between dead lever and the sealed lid, waterproof rubber pad and sealed lid fixed connection increase the leakproofness between dead lever and the sealed lid, are the difficult corrosion of compression spring in the spacing spout, are difficult for influencing the closed condition of hanging the ball of fostering.
Furthermore, one end of the positioning rod, which is far away from the bottom of the lake, is in threaded connection with a threaded sealing cover, the threaded sealing cover has a limiting effect, and when the lake is in a flood season, the floating ball, the hanging culture ball and the balancing weight are not easy to fall off from the positioning rod due to the rising water surface.
Furthermore, scale marks are carved on the outer wall of the positioning rod and located at one end, close to the threaded sealing cover, of the positioning rod, the water level of lake water can be effectively observed through the threaded sealing cover, fishermen can be helped to roughly know the specific flood season, and reasonable risk avoidance is carried out.
Furthermore, the positioning rod, the floating ball, the hanging and breeding ball, the lantern ring and the thread sealing cover are made of high-strength plastics, the hanging and breeding ball is made of high-strength plastics made of transparent materials, the positioning rod, the floating ball, the hanging and breeding ball, the lantern ring and the thread sealing cover are not prone to corrosion and failure after being soaked in water for a long time, the hanging and breeding ball is made of transparent materials, the blocking to sunlight can be reduced, and the normal growth of the mussels hung and bred in the hanging and breeding ball is not prone to being influenced.
Further, the culture method comprises the following steps:
s1, artificial insemination, namely selecting an individual with good individual development as a freshwater mussel to perform artificial insemination on the freshwater mussel, wherein the freshwater mussel is fertilized in vitro in a natural insemination mode with low success rate, so that the fertilization of a female freshwater mussel needs to be manually assisted, the successful fertilization rate of the female freshwater mussel is improved, and a worker collects mature sperms from the inside of a male freshwater mussel body by using a collecting device such as an injector and injects the collected mature sperms into a special small container for cultivating the female freshwater mussel for cultivation for one day to assist in artificial insemination;
s2, parent development, namely transferring the female mussels subjected to artificial insemination into a breeding box of a breeding system from a small container for cultivation, so that fertilized eggs in the female mussels are gradually developed into immature leptocytarodes larvae which live in the female mussels and are provided with nutrition by the parent;
s3 larvae are released, and the hook larvae which develop mature in the female mussels can automatically separate from the female mussels to search for new hosts;
s4 parasitizing fish bodies, wherein mature leptopossus latifolius larvae pass through a breeding box of a breeding system, enter a breeding box of a breeding system, and parasitize on host fish to continue to develop after adhering to proper host fish;
s5 the young mussels drop, and the developed and mature leptocylindrus on the host fish is converted into the young mussels and drops from the host fish;
s6 hanging and culturing the freshwater mussels, collecting the young freshwater mussels in the culturing box, dividing the young freshwater mussels into hanging and culturing balls, and hanging and culturing the young freshwater mussels in a lake by dropping the balls;
s7 harvesting adult mussels, hanging and cultivating for one and a half years, taking out the hanging and cultivating balls from water, obtaining mature mussels from the hanging and cultivating balls, and obtaining mature mussel meat and pearls from the bodies of the mussels.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method can realize that the mussels are not easy to be preyed by natural enemies in the growth and development process by utilizing the hanging culture technology, meanwhile, the subsequent harvesting work of farmers is facilitated, the hanging culture system containing the hanging culture balls is arranged at the water inlet or the water outlet of the lake, and the water flow at the water inlet or the water outlet of the lake is utilized to provide enough food for the mussels hung in the hanging culture balls, so that the mussels can filter the food, meanwhile, foreign matters such as silt mixed with the water flow and the like enter the pearl culturing bags in the mussels and can automatically become pearl nuclei, so that the pearl culturing process in the mussels simulates the wild state as much as possible, the quality of the cultured pearls is improved, and finally, the self-feedback regulation is formed according to the flood period or the dry period of the lake by utilizing the self-weight of the balancing weight, so that the water depth position of the hanging culture balls is always fixed, and the mussels in the hanging culture balls can accept enough sunlight, thereby promoting the normal growth of the mussels.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main system for freshwater mussel cultivation according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the hanging maintenance system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hanging cultivation ball of the hanging cultivation system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of a hanging maintenance ball of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure at B in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure at C in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of the hanging ball of the present invention when fetching mussels;
fig. 9 is a main flow chart of the freshwater mussel cultivation method of the invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1 breeding system, 2 seedling raising systems, 3 hanging culture systems, 4 positioning rods, 5 floating balls, 6 hanging culture balls, 601 upper spherical shell, 602 lower spherical shell, 603 through holes, 604 movable rods, 605 fixed rods, 606 limit covers, 607 limit sliding grooves, 608 compression springs, 609 sealing covers, 610 sealing wear-resisting rings, 7 balancing weights, 8 lantern rings, 9 thread sealing covers and 10 scale marks.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-3, a self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system and a culture method thereof, including a freshwater lake, a breeding system 1, a seedling system 2 and a hanging system 3, wherein the breeding system 1, the seedling system 2 and the hanging system 3 are all disposed in the freshwater lake for culture, the breeding system 1 includes a breeding box and mother mussels disposed in the breeding box, the seedling system 2 includes a culture box and host fish disposed in the culture box, outer walls of the breeding box and the culture box are both of a net structure, the breeding box and the breeding box are affected by small water flow on the breeding system 1 and the seedling system 2, the breeding box is disposed in the culture box, the culture box and the breeding box are both disposed in a central region of the lake with relatively calm lake water, the hanging system 3 includes a plurality of positioning rods 4, one end of the positioning rods 4 is fixedly connected to the lake bottom of the freshwater lake, the other end of the positioning rods 4 is disposed above the liquid level of the lake, the lantern ring 8 has been cup jointed in the outside of locating lever 4, fixedly connected with floater 5 on the outer wall of lantern ring 8, the downside of floater 5 is equipped with the hanging ball 6 of raising, the downside of hanging ball 6 of raising is equipped with the balancing weight 7, equal fixedly connected with steel cable rope between hanging ball 6 and floater 5 and the balancing weight 7, because the effect of balancing weight 7 dead weight, make the draft of floater 5 fixed, make hanging ball 6 can fix the certain position in the depth of water all the time, consequently no matter the lake is in flood season or dry season, hanging ball 6 can all adjust the position to appointed depth of water by oneself, realize hanging ball 6's autotrack, make the clam that hangs the breeding in the hanging ball 6 can obtain sufficient sunshine all the time, be difficult for influencing the normal growth of clam and breed the pearl.
Please refer to fig. 1, the host fish can select the yellow catfish among the seedling raising system 2, the net mouth of the seedling raising system 2 needs to select the caliber to be larger, the juvenile fish of the host fish can freely pass in and out the cultivation box, the hook larvae are not easy to parasitize on the juvenile fish, a large amount of juvenile fish die are not easy to cause, the cultivation water quality of the freshwater mussels is not easy to influence, a plurality of positioning rods 4 are all located at the water inlets or the water outlets of the freshwater lakes, the water flow of the water inlets and the water outlets of the lakes is faster, and a large amount of organic matter fragments are easy to be carried, the freshwater mussels are convenient to filter, a large amount of silt can be carried by the faster water flow, pearl nuclei are formed after the freshwater mussels take in the bodies, and the pearl cultivation of the freshwater mussels is promoted.
Referring to fig. 4-8, the hanging maintenance ball 6 includes an upper spherical shell 601 and a lower spherical shell 602 which are matched with each other, four through holes 603 which are matched with each other are drilled at a contact portion between the upper spherical shell 601 and the lower spherical shell 602, the interior of the hanging maintenance ball 6 is communicated with the outside through the through holes 603, a movable rod 604 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper spherical shell 601, a limit cover 606 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable rod 604 far away from the upper spherical shell 601, a fixed rod 605 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower spherical shell 602, a limit chute 607 matched with the limit cover 606 is drilled at one end of the fixed rod 605 far away from the lower spherical shell 602, one end of the movable rod 604 far away from the upper spherical shell 601 is inserted into the limit chute 607, a seal cover 609 is sleeved on the movable rod 604, the seal cover 609 is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the fixed rod 605, a compression spring 608 is fixedly connected between a groove bottom plate of the limit chute 607 and the seal cover 609, and the compression spring 608 is sleeved outside of the movable rod 604, under the action of the compression spring 608 in a compressed state, the upper spherical shell 601 and the lower spherical shell 602 are always in a closed state, underwater predators threatening great deal to freshwater mussels are jawberries which are difficult to break the upper spherical shell 601 and the lower spherical shell 602, the freshwater mussels can grow in a safer environment and are not easy to die due to the existence of natural enemies, a sealing wear-resisting ring 610 is connected between the movable rod 604 and the sealing cover 609, the sealing wear-resisting ring 610 is fixedly connected with the sealing cover 609, polishing layers are fixedly connected on the inner wall of the sealing wear-resisting ring 610 and the outer wall of the movable rod 604, the sealing wear-resisting ring 610 can reduce the abrasion between the movable rod 604 and the sealing cover 609, the connection between the movable rod 604 and the sealing cover 609 is not easy to shake, the upper spherical shell 601 and the lower spherical shell 602 are not easy to be dislocated, and the protection effect of the hanging culture ball 6 is not easy to influence, the waterproof rubber pad is fixedly connected between the fixed rod 605 and the sealing cover 609, the waterproof rubber pad is fixedly connected with the sealing cover 609, the sealing performance between the fixed rod 605 and the sealing cover 609 is improved, the compression spring 608 in the limiting sliding groove 607 is not easy to rust, and the closing state of the hanging and maintaining ball 6 is not easy to influence.
Referring to fig. 1-3, one end of the positioning rod 4 far away from the lake bottom is in threaded connection with a threaded sealing cover 9, the threaded sealing cover 9 has a limiting effect, when the lake is in a flood season, the floating ball 5, the hanging-maintaining ball 6 and the balancing weight 7 are not easy to fall off from the positioning rod 4 due to an ascending water surface, scale marks 10 are engraved on the outer wall of the positioning rod 4, the scale marks 10 are positioned at one end of the positioning rod 4 close to the threaded sealing cover 9, the water level of the lake water can be effectively observed through the threaded sealing cover 9, fishermen can roughly know the specific flood season, reasonable risk avoidance is carried out, the positioning rod 4, the floating ball 5, the hanging-maintaining ball 6, the lantern ring 8 and the threaded sealing cover 9 are all made of high-strength plastics, the hanging-maintaining ball 6 is made of high-strength plastics, so that the positioning rod 4, the floating ball 5, the hanging-maintaining ball 6, the lantern ring 8 and the threaded sealing cover 9 are not easy to rust and lose effectiveness after being soaked in the water for a long time, and the hanging-maintaining ball 6 is made of transparent materials, so that the obstruction to sunlight can be reduced, the normal growth of the mussels suspended in the suspended breeding ball 6 is not easily affected.
Please refer to fig. 9, the cultivation method comprises:
s1, artificial insemination, namely selecting an individual with good individual development as a freshwater mussel to perform artificial insemination on the freshwater mussel, wherein the freshwater mussel is fertilized in vitro in a natural insemination mode with low success rate, so that the fertilization of a female freshwater mussel needs to be manually assisted, the successful fertilization rate of the female freshwater mussel is improved, and a worker collects mature sperms from the inside of a male freshwater mussel body by using a collecting device such as an injector and injects the collected mature sperms into a special small container for culturing the female freshwater mussel for 7-10 days to assist the artificial insemination;
s2, parent development, namely transferring the female mussels subjected to artificial insemination into a breeding box of the breeding system 1 from a small container for cultivation, so that fertilized eggs in the female mussels gradually develop into immature leptocytarodes larvae which live in the female mussels and are provided with nutrition by the parent;
s3 larvae are released, and the hook larvae which develop mature in the female mussels can automatically separate from the female mussels to search for new hosts;
s4 parasitizing fish bodies, wherein mature leptopossus latifolius larvae pass through a breeding box of the breeding system 1, enter a breeding box of the breeding system 2, and parasitize on host fish to continue to develop after adhering to proper host fish;
s5 the young mussels drop, and the developed and mature leptocylindrus on the host fish is converted into the young mussels and drops from the host fish;
s6 hanging and culturing the freshwater mussels, collecting the young freshwater mussels in the culturing box, dividing the young freshwater mussels into hanging and culturing balls 6, and hanging and culturing the young freshwater mussels in a lake by dropping balls;
s7 harvesting adult mussels, hanging and culturing for one and a half years, taking out the hanging and culturing ball 6 from water, obtaining mature mussels from the hanging and culturing ball 6, and obtaining mature mussel meat and pearls from the bodies of the mussels.
Can realize that the freshwater mussels are not easy to be preyed by natural enemies in the process of growth and development by utilizing the hanging culture technology, meanwhile, the subsequent harvest work of farmers is facilitated, the hanging culture system 3 containing the hanging culture balls is arranged at the water inlet or the water outlet of the lake, and the water flow at the water inlet or the water outlet of the lake is utilized to provide enough food for the mussels hung in the hanging culture balls 6, so that the mussels can filter food conveniently, meanwhile, after foreign matters such as silt mixed by water flow enter the pearl culturing bag in the freshwater mussel body, the foreign matters can automatically become pearl nuclei, so that the wild state can be simulated as much as possible in the pearl culturing process in the freshwater mussel body, the pearl culturing quality is improved, and finally the self weight of the balancing weight 7 is utilized, self-feedback adjustment is formed according to the flood season or the dry season of the lake, so that the water depth position of the hanging culture ball 6 is always fixed, and the mussels in the hanging breeding ball 6 can receive enough sunlight to promote the normal growth of the mussels.
The above; but are merely preferred embodiments of the invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope of the present disclosure; the technical scheme and the improved concept of the invention are equally replaced or changed; are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a self-feedback formula fresh water pearl farming systems, includes fresh water lake, breeding system (1), seedling growing system (2) and hangs foster system (3), and breeding system (1), seedling growing system (2) and hang foster system (3) equipartition and arrange in the fresh water lake of breeding usefulness, its characterized in that: the breeding system (1) comprises a breeding box and a female clam positioned in the breeding box, the breeding system (2) comprises a breeding box and a host fish positioned in the breeding box, the outer walls of the breeding box and the breeding box are both of a net structure, the breeding box is positioned in the breeding box, the breeding box and the breeding box are both positioned in the central area of a lake with calmer lake water, the hanging culture system (3) comprises a plurality of positioning rods (4), one end of each of the positioning rods (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the freshwater lake, the other end of each positioning rod (4) is positioned above the water level of the lake, a lantern ring (8) is sleeved on the outer side of the positioning rod (4), a floating ball (5) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lantern ring (8), a hanging and maintaining ball (6) is arranged at the lower side of the floating ball (5), a balancing weight (7) is arranged at the lower side of the hanging and maintaining ball (6), steel cable ropes are fixedly connected among the hanging maintenance ball (6), the floating ball (5) and the balancing weight (7); the hanging and maintaining ball (6) comprises an upper ball shell (601) and a lower ball shell (602) which are matched with each other, the contact part of the upper ball shell (601) and the lower ball shell (602) is provided with four through holes (603) which are matched with each other, the interior of the hanging and maintaining ball (6) is communicated with the outside through the through holes (603), the inner wall of the upper ball shell (601) is fixedly connected with a movable rod (604), one end of the movable rod (604) far away from the upper ball shell (601) is fixedly connected with a limiting cover (606), the inner wall of the lower ball shell (602) is fixedly connected with a fixed rod (605), one end of the fixed rod (605) far away from the lower ball shell (602) is provided with a limiting sliding groove (607) which is matched with the limiting cover (606), the inserting end of the movable rod (604) far away from the upper ball shell (601) is arranged in the limiting sliding groove (607), and the movable rod (604) is sleeved with a sealing cover (609), the sealing cover (609) is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the fixed rod (605), a compression spring (608) is fixedly connected between the groove bottom plate of the limiting sliding groove (607) and the sealing cover (609), and the compression spring (608) is sleeved on the outer side of the movable rod (604); a sealing wear-resistant ring (610) is connected between the movable rod (604) and the sealing cover (609), the sealing wear-resistant ring (610) is fixedly connected with the sealing cover (609), and the inner wall of the sealing wear-resistant ring (610) and the outer wall of the movable rod (604) are both fixedly connected with polishing layers; and a waterproof rubber pad is fixedly connected between the fixing rod (605) and the sealing cover (609), and the waterproof rubber pad is fixedly connected with the sealing cover (609).
2. The self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system according to claim 1, wherein: the host fish in the seedling raising system (2) is selected from the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and the net opening of the breeding box of the seedling raising system (2) is selected from the large caliber.
3. The self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system according to claim 1, wherein: and the positioning rods (4) are all positioned at the water inlet or the water outlet of the freshwater lake.
4. The self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system according to claim 1, wherein: and one end of the positioning rod (4) far away from the lake bottom is in threaded connection with a threaded sealing cover (9).
5. The self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system according to claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the positioning rod (4) is provided with scale marks (10), and the scale marks (10) are located at one end, close to the threaded sealing cover (9), of the positioning rod (4).
6. The self-feedback freshwater pearl culture system according to claim 5, wherein: the positioning rod (4), the floating ball (5), the hanging ball (6), the lantern ring (8) and the thread sealing cover (9) are all made of high-strength plastics, and the hanging ball (6) is made of high-strength plastics made of transparent materials.
7. The self-feedback type fresh water pearl culture system according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises:
s1, artificial insemination, namely selecting an individual with good individual development as a breeding clam, carrying out artificial insemination on the breeding clam, collecting mature sperms from the male clam body by a worker by using an injector, injecting the collected mature sperms into a special small container for female clam cultivation, cultivating for 7-10 days, and carrying out auxiliary artificial insemination;
s2, parent development, namely transferring the female mussels subjected to artificial insemination into a breeding box of a breeding system (1) from a small container for cultivation, so that fertilized eggs in the female mussels gradually develop into immature leptocytarodes larvae which live in the female mussels and are provided with nutrition by the parents;
s3 larvae are released, and the hook larvae which develop mature in the female mussels can automatically separate from the female mussels to search for new hosts;
s4 parasitizing fish bodies, enabling mature leptopods to pass through a breeding box of the breeding system (1) and enter a breeding box of the breeding system (2), and after adhering to proper host fish, parasitizing the larvae on the host fish to continue to develop;
s5 the young mussels drop, and the developed and mature leptocylindrus on the host fish is converted into the young mussels and drops from the host fish;
s6 hanging and culturing the freshwater mussels, collecting the young freshwater mussels in the culturing box, dividing the young freshwater mussels into hanging and culturing balls (6), and hanging and culturing the young freshwater mussels in a lake by dropping the balls;
s7 the adult mussels are harvested, the mussels are suspended and cultured for one and a half years, the suspended and cultured ball (6) is taken out of the water, mature mussels are obtained from the suspended and cultured ball (6), and mature mussel meat and pearls can be obtained from the bodies of the mussels.
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| AU2019268136A1 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-01-07 | Zhou, Linan MR | A case and a method for protecting a pearl, and an apparatus for encasing a pearl |
| CN110827165B (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2022-10-28 | 湖南文理学院 | Ecological niche complementary restoration method for excessive fishing lakes in fishery |
| CN111513006B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2022-03-18 | 蒋惠良 | Freshwater mussel culture device for treating small watershed sewage |
| CN113229189A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-08-10 | 南昌大学 | Hook-medium larva collecting and seedling posting integrated seedling posting pool and seedling posting method |
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