CN110256332B - 一种合成1,2-二氢-3h-吲哚-3-酮衍生物的新方法 - Google Patents
一种合成1,2-二氢-3h-吲哚-3-酮衍生物的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110256332B CN110256332B CN201910607815.9A CN201910607815A CN110256332B CN 110256332 B CN110256332 B CN 110256332B CN 201910607815 A CN201910607815 A CN 201910607815A CN 110256332 B CN110256332 B CN 110256332B
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- MQIKJSYMMJWAMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicobalt octacarbonyl Chemical group [Co+2].[Co+2].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] MQIKJSYMMJWAMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMAGMBCAIFVRGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J iridium(3+);1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene;tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ir+]Cl.Cl[Ir+]Cl.CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C.CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C MMAGMBCAIFVRGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- PENAXHPKEVTBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);prop-1-ene;dichloride Chemical compound [Pd+]Cl.[Pd+]Cl.[CH2-]C=C.[CH2-]C=C PENAXHPKEVTBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JUDUFOKGIZUSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JUDUFOKGIZUSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FEQPHYCEZKWPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororhodium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound Cl[Rh](Cl)Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FEQPHYCEZKWPNE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CMTKJYPJPSONIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororuthenium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CMTKJYPJPSONIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/96—Spiro-condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种合成1,2‑二氢‑3H‑吲哚‑3‑酮的新方法。以2‑苯基异靛红与炔类化合物为原料,通过过渡金属催化的C‑H活化/环合反应在芳环上形成C‑C键并与异靛红2位环合成1,2‑二氢‑3H‑吲哚‑3‑酮衍生物。与传统方法相比,本方法的优势如下:(1)步骤简单,底物适用范围广,反应产率高。(2)能选择性地得到单一构型的产物,安全方便,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属有机合成化学技术领域,具体涉及一种以2-苯基异靛红类化合物和炔类化合物为原料,过渡金属催化C-H活化/环合反应高效合成1,2-二氢-3H-吲哚-3-酮衍生物的新方法。
背景技术
2-苯基异靛红类化合物具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗结核、抗疟原虫等生物活性,因此近年来受到了广泛的关注。构建2-苯基靛红骨架的方法很多,而且这类化合物的反应主要是环加成反应,如与烯烃、烯醛和吲哚的反应。因此,有必要开发更有效、更灵活的方法来修饰这些化合。近年来,过渡金属催化碳氢键功能化广泛应用于构建C-C键、C-杂键、杂环。而N-O在C-H活化过程中通常被用作导向基团,引导金属催化剂接近分子中的某个C-H键,从而导致其选择性裂解并随后功能化。可以认为,2-苯基异靛红中存在的N-O也可以作为一个导向基团,用于C-H活化反应,实现2-苯基异靛红与炔的C-H活化/环化反应,合成1,2-二氢-3H-吲哚-3-酮衍生物。而1,2-二氢-3H-吲哚-3-酮是许多天然产物中的重要结构单元之一,其衍生物在荧光染色和太阳能电池应用中也有重要的应用。因此需要开发更多有效且灵活的的方法来合成该类化合物。
发明内容
本发明实现了一种以2-苯基异靛红类化合物和炔类化合物为原料,过渡金属催化C-H活化/环合反应高效合成1,2-二氢-3H-吲哚-3-酮衍生物的新方法,解决了传统合成方法中反应步骤繁琐、低原子利用率、反应选择性差以及成本较高等问题。本发明提供了一种更加简便、安全、有效、成本低、底物适用性好的制备方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明化学反应式如下所示:
其中:
R1为氢、烷基、烷氧基、酯基;
R2为氢、烷基、烷氧基、卤素、酯基、三氟甲基;
R3为烷基、酯基、苯基;
R4为酯基、苯基、呋喃基。
制备步骤如下:
(1)在洁净的反应器中加入2-苯基异靛红类化合物、炔类化合物、催化剂、银盐、添加剂、溶剂,氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品。
步骤(1)中的催化剂为钯碳、四(三苯基膦)钯、醋酸钯、氯化钯、二(乙腈)二氯化钯、二(苯腈)二氯化钯,1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁二氯化钯、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯、双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物、(1,5-环辛二烯)二氯化钯(II)、铑碳、三氯化铑、醋酸铑、乙酰丙酮三苯基膦羰基铑、双环辛烯氯化铑二聚体、二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体、(二(六氟锑酸)三乙腈(五甲基环戊二烯基)铑(III))、三苯基膦氯化铑、三氯化钌、三苯基膦氯化钌、二氯二羰基双三苯基膦钌、双(2-甲基烯丙基)(1,5-环辛二烯)钌(II)、对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体、氯化钴、乙酰乙酰钴、八羰基二钴、二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合钴(III)二聚体、五甲基环戊二烯基羰基二碘化钴、(二(六氟锑酸)三乙腈(五甲基环戊二烯基)钴(III))、三氯化铱、二氯(五甲基环戊二烯)合铱(III)二聚体、双(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铱(I)二聚体、甲氧基(环辛二烯)合铱二聚体中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中的银盐为硝酸银、乙酸银、碳酸银、硫酸银、甲烷磺酸银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、对甲苯磺酸银、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、六氟锑酸银、四氟硼酸银、六氟磷酸银中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中的添加剂为乙酸铜、乙酸银、碳酸银、氧化银、特戊酸、乙酸、乙酸钠、金刚烷甲酸中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中的溶剂为三氟乙醇、六氟异丙醇、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、甲苯、水、N1,N3-二取代咪唑类离子液体中的一种或一种以上。
于步骤(1)中2-苯基异靛红类化合物:炔类化合物:催化剂:银盐:添加剂的摩尔为1:(1.1~4.0):(0.02~0.05):(0.1~0.5):(0.1~2.0)。
步骤(1)中2-苯基异靛红类化合物的反应浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L。
用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)以及高分辨质谱证实了在芳环上形成C-C键以及环合成1,2-二氢-3H-吲哚-3-酮衍生物的结构,如附图1、附图2。其中核磁共振图采用Varian INOVA-400 型核磁共振仪测定,以四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标(δ 0 ppm),氘代二甲基亚砜为溶剂;高分辨质谱用 Agilent 1946B 质谱仪测定。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物1的核磁氢谱图。
图2为本发明化合物1的核磁碳谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述,有助于对本发明的理解。但并不能以此来限制本发明的权利范围,而本发明的权利范围应以权利要求书阐述的为准。
实施实例1:化合物1的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-苯基-1-己炔(31.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品29.6 mg,黄色固体,收率81%;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.49 – 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.39 – 7.30(m, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26 – 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.18 – 7.08 (m, 3H),6.91 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.63 – 2.52 (m, 2H), 1.66– 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.40 – 1.29 (m, 2H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 198.34, 162.51, 145.10, 143.22, 143.05, 140.82, 137.69,134.28, 128.33, 128.21, 128.19, 127.39, 125.94, 124.64, 120.47, 120.36,120.21, 117.12, 112.36, 81.32, 30.41, 25.25, 21.97, 13.67; HRMS (ESI): 计算值C26H23NO [M + Na]+ 388.1672, 实测值:388.1675。
实施实例2:化合物1的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-苯基-1-己炔(31.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品5.5 mg,黄色固体,收率81%。
实施实例3:化合物1的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-苯基-1-己炔(31.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺银(7.8 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品26.7 mg,黄色固体,收率81%。
实施实例4:化合物1的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-苯基-1-己炔(31.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸银(16.7 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品29.6 mg,黄色固体,收率81%。
实施实例5:化合物2的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-对甲苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-苯基-1-己炔(31.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品29.6 mg,黄色固体,收率78%;1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J = 13.8, 6.6 Hz, 3H), 7.21 (t, J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,1H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.57 – 2.35 (m, 2H),2.35 (s, 3H), 1.62 – 1.55 (m, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.36 – 1.31 (m, 2H), 0.82 (t, J =7.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 197.38, 162.91, 148.77, 145.04,143.30, 143.04, 140.96, 134.36, 128.26, 128.21, 128.17, 127.35, 125.90,124.40, 120.44, 120.15, 118.94, 118.27, 112.14, 81.49, 30.42, 25.24, 22.00,21.98, 13.67;HRMS (ESI): 计算值C27H25NO [M + Na]+ 402.1828, 实测值:402.1831。
实施实例7:化合物3的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-对氯苯基异靛红(25.8 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-苯基-1-己炔(31.6 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于100℃油浴锅里搅拌48 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品24.0 mg,黄色固体,收率60%;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.50 – 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.44 – 7.38(m, 2H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.25 – 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.06 (m, 2H),6.97 – 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.71 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.63 – 2.51 (m, 2H), 1.62 –1.48 (m, 2H), 1.37 – 1.27 (m, 2H), 0.81 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 197.96, 162.96, 145.56, 144.43, 142.95, 142.08, 138.39, 134.26,130.89, 128.71(2s), 128.60, 128.07, 125.22, 122.10, 121.04, 120.63, 117.94,112.98, 81.46, 30.74, 25.61, 22.34, 14.08; HRMS (ESI): 计算值C26H22ClNO [M +Na]+ 422.1282, 实测值:422.1288。
实施实例8:化合物4的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),1-噻吩-1-己炔(32.9 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品15.6 mg,黄色油,收率42%;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.57 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 –7.43 (m, 3H), 7.35 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 5.2, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83– 6.76 (m, 2H), 2.90 – 2.85 (m, 2H), 1.69 – 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.56 – 1.47 (m,2H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 198.10, 162.58,144.96, 142.74, 142.69, 137.96, 135.50, 133.21, 128.65, 127.35, 126.41,126.32, 125.39, 124.89, 120.28, 120.21, 120.20, 117.74, 112.82, 80.56, 30.16,25.93, 22.45, 13.92; HRMS (ESI): 计算值C24H21NOS [M + Na]+ 394.1236, 实测值:394.1235。
实施实例9:化合物5的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入,2-苯基异靛红(22.3 mg, 0.10 mmol),丁炔二酸二甲酯(29.4 mg, 0.20 mmol),对甲基异丙基苯二氯化钌(II)二聚体(3.1 mg,0.005mmol),六氟锑酸银(7.9 mg, 0.02 mmol),乙酸铜(18.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0 mL),氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品16.8 mg,黄色固体,收率48%;1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.58 – 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.45 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H); 13C NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 195.18, 163.92, 162.66, 162.01, 144.17, 143.39, 138.89,137.80, 137.10, 129.72, 129.25, 125.19, 123.09, 121.77, 120.84, 117.81,112.89, 78.68, 52.78, 52.24; HRMS (ESI): 计算值C20H15NO5 [M + Na]+ 372.0842, 实测值:372.0840。
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Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述的1,2-二氢-3H-吲哚-3-酮衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于采用如下制备步骤:
(1)在洁净的反应器中加入2-苯基异靛红类化合物、炔类化合物、催化剂、银盐、添加剂、溶剂,氩气置换后于80℃油浴锅里搅拌28 h;
(2)反应完成后,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中的溶剂为三氟乙醇、六氟异丙醇、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、甲苯、水、N1,N3-二取代咪唑类离子液体中的一种或一种以上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中2-苯基异靛红类化合物 :炔类化合物 :催化剂 :银盐 :添加剂的摩尔为1:(1.1~4.0):(0.02~0.05):(0.1~0.5):(0.1~2.0)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中2-苯基异靛红类化合物的反应浓度为0.1~0.8 mol/L。
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