CN110234392A - 具有被包覆模制的组件的无引线装置 - Google Patents

具有被包覆模制的组件的无引线装置 Download PDF

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CN110234392A
CN110234392A CN201880008490.6A CN201880008490A CN110234392A CN 110234392 A CN110234392 A CN 110234392A CN 201880008490 A CN201880008490 A CN 201880008490A CN 110234392 A CN110234392 A CN 110234392A
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circuit
terminal
lcp
electronic module
metal layer
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依琳·克里斯汀·韦勃
托马斯·李·威廉姆斯
达娜·萨夏
丹尼尔·弗兰克森
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Cardiac Pacemakers Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
    • A61N1/3756—Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
    • A61N1/37252—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
    • A61N1/37276—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data characterised by means for reducing power consumption during telemetry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
    • A61N1/3758—Packaging of the components within the casing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365—Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于可植入医疗装置(IMD)的电子模块可包括：多个电气组件，其连接以形成包括端子的电路；以及灌封材料，其支撑所述多个电气组件。多个电气组件和灌封材料一起形成电路子模块，其中端子可从电路子模块的外部访问。在其上提供符合电路子模块的外表面的金属层，使得端子可从金属层的外部访问。

Description

具有被包覆模制的组件的无引线装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年1月26日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/450,850的权益，其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及可植入装置，诸如无引线可植入装置，并且更具体地涉及具有包覆模制(over-molded)组件的无引线可植入装置。
背景技术
如今，可植入医疗装置通常用于监视患者的生理或其他参数和/或向患者递送治疗。例如，为了帮助患有心脏相关疾病的患者，可以将各种医疗装置(例如，起搏器、除颤器等)植入患者体内。这样的装置可以监视并且在一些情况下向心脏提供电刺激(例如起搏、除颤等)以帮助心脏以更正常、有效和/或安全的方式操作。在另一个示例中，神经刺激器可用于刺激患者的组织以帮助减轻疼痛和/或其他疾病。在又一个示例中，可植入医疗装置可以简单地是可植入监视器，其监视患者的一个或多个生理或其他参数，并将感测到的参数传送到另一个装置，诸如另一个植入式医疗装置或外部装置。在一些情况下，可能期望使可植入医疗装置更紧凑。
发明内容
本公开描述了可植入医疗装置(IMD)，诸如但不限于无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)、神经刺激器(NS)和/或可植入监视器(IM)，其被配置为植入体内，包括心脏内或附近。在一些情况下，IMD可以包括电子模块，在将电子模块组装到IMD中之前该电子模块至少部分被气密密封。在某些情况下，电子模块在组装IMD之前被气密密封。在一些情况下，电子模块可以由金属密封层气密密封，该金属密封层沉积在电子模块上并且可以符合电子模块的外表面。然后可以将密封的电子模块与其他组件组装以形成IMD。
在一个示例中，用在可植入医疗装置(IMD)中的电子模块可包括：多个电气组件，所述多个电气组件连接以形成包括端子的电路；以及灌封材料，其支撑所述多个电气组件，其中多个电气组件和灌封材料形成电路子模块，其中端子可从电路子模块的外部访问。电子模块可以包括金属层，该金属层设置在电路子模块的外表面上，该金属层符合电路子模块的外表面。端子可以从金属层的外部访问。
可替选地或另外地，灌封材料可以被模制遍及多个电气组件中的至少一些。
可替选地或另外地，可以处理电路子模块的外表面以接收金属层。
可替选地或另外地，电子模块还可以包括在端子和金属层之间的绝缘体，使得端子不与金属层短路。
可替选地或另外地，金属层可包括TiN。
可替选地或另外地，金属层可包括沉积层。
可替选地或另外地，端子可以是馈通端子。
可替选地或另外地，电路可以包括第二端子，并且第二端子可以从电路子模块的外部访问。
可替选地或另外地，该电路可以被配置为感测心脏电活动并且递送起搏脉冲。
在另一个示例中，一种无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)可以被配置为起搏患者的心脏并且可以可放置(disposable)在患者心脏的腔室内。说明性LCP可包括电子模块、多个电极和电源。电子模块可包括连接以形成电路的多个电气组件，该电路至少包括第一端子、第二端子和第三端子。灌封材料支撑多个电气组件，并且多个电气组件和灌封材料一起形成电路子模块，其中第一端子、第二端子和第三端子可从电路子模块的外部访问。金属层设置在电路子模块的外表面上并且符合电路子模块的外表面，使得第一端子、第二端子和第三端子可从金属层的外部访问。电子模块的第一端子可操作地耦接到多个电极中的一个。电源具有第一电源端子和第二电源端子，并且相对于电子模块固定，其中第一电源端子可操作地耦接到电子模块的第二端子，并且第二电源端子可操作地耦接到电子模块的第三端子。
可替选地或另外地，LCP还可以包括遍及电子模块上的包覆模制层。
可替选地或另外地，LCP还可包括经由包覆模制层相对于电子模块固定的固定机构，用于将LCP固定到患者的心脏。
可替选地或另外地，包覆模制层可以有助于相对电子模块固定电源。
可替选地或另外地，LCP还可包括相对于电子模块固定的固定机构，用于将LCP固定到患者的心脏。
可替选地或另外地，在设置金属层之前，可以在多个电气组件中的至少一些上模制灌封材料。
可替选地或另外地，所述多个电气组件包括两个或更多个堆叠电路板，所述堆叠电路板经由柔性互连可操作地耦接在一起，并且所述灌封材料封装所述两个或更多个堆叠电路板的至少一部分。
可替选地或另外地，该电路可以被配置为经由多个电极中的两个或更多个电极感测心脏电活动并且经由多个电极中的两个或更多个电极递送起搏脉冲。
在另一个示例中，一种制造无引线可植入医疗装置(IMD)的方法可以包括将电路灌封在灌封材料中以至少部分地将电路封装在灌封材料内。在被灌封电路上施加金属涂层，以为被灌封电路的至少部分提供防潮层。被灌封电路可以附接到电池，并且电路可以可操作地连接到电池。还可以附接用于将IMD固定到患者心脏的固定机构。第一电极可以可操作地连接到电路，并且第二电极可以可操作地耦接到电路。
可替选地或另外地，该方法还可以包括在将被灌封电路附接到电池之后将聚对二甲苯涂层施加到IMD。
可替选地或另外地，附接固定机构可以包括在固定机构的至少一部分上以及在灌封电路的至少一部分上包覆模制层。
一些实施例的以上概述并非旨在描述本公开的每个公开的实施例或每种实施方式。下面的附图和具体实施方式更具体地举例说明了这些实施例。
附图说明
考虑到以下结合附图的描述，可以更全面地理解本公开，其中：
图1是根据本公开的可植入医疗装置(IMD)中可使用的示例电子电路的一侧；
图2是根据本公开的示例电子封装的透视图，其中图1的电子电路已被灌封(pot)；
图3是沿图2的线3-3截取的图2的示例电子封装的横截面图；
图4是图2的示例电子封装的透视图，示出为附接到诸如电池的电源；
图5是图4的配件的一部分的透视图，示出了添加固定配件和可选的X射线ID标签；
图6是完整IMD的透视图；
图7是根据本公开的说明性LCP的示意性框图；
图8是根据本公开的说明性LCP的示意性框图；
图9是根据本公开的IMD的侧视图；
图10是图9的IMD的示意性框图；
图11是根据本公开的IMD的侧视图；
图12是图11的IMD的示意性框图；
图13是根据本公开的另一IMD的示意性框图；
图14是根据本公开的示例的示例电路的图；
图15是根据本公开的示例的示例电路的图；
图16是根据本公开的示例的示例电路的图；并且
图17是根据本公开的示例的示例电路的图。
尽管本公开适合于各种修改和可替选形式，但是其细节已经借由附图中的示例示出并且将被详细描述。然而，应该理解，意图不是将本发明限制于所描述的特定实施例。相反，意图是覆盖落入本公开的精神和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代物。
具体实施方式
对于以下定义的术语，除非在权利要求或本说明书中的其他地方给出不同的定义，否则应当应用这些定义。
无论是否明确指出，本文假设所有数值均由术语“约”修饰。术语“约”通常是指本领域技术人员认为等同于所述值的数字范围(即，具有相同的功能或结果)。在许多情况下，术语“约”可以指示为包括舍入到最接近的有效数字的数字。
通过端点表述的数值范围包括该范围内的所有数字(例如，1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4和5)。
尽管公开了与各种组件、特征和/或规范有关的一些合适的尺寸、范围和/或值，但是由本公开引发的本领域技术人员将理解所期尺寸、范围和/或值可以与明确公开的那些不同。
如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括或以其它方式指代单数和复数指示物，除非内容另有明确说明。如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的，术语“或”通常用于包括“和/或”，除非该内容另有明确说明。
应参考附图阅读以下详细描述，其中不同附图中的类似元件编号相同。详细描述和不一定按比例绘制的附图描绘了说明性实施例，并且不旨在限制本公开的范围。所描绘的说明性实施例仅旨在作为示例。除非明确地相反说明，否则任何说明性实施例的所选特征可以并入另外的实施例中。
在一些情况下，电子电路可以被灌封在灌封材料(potting material)中以形成电子封装(electronics package)，其可以在形成可植入医疗装置(IMD)中使用。在一些情况下，将电子电路灌封在灌封材料中并且可选地将被灌封的电子电路覆盖在金属层中可以提供至少部分气密密封，以至少足够长地保护电子电路的电子组件完成构建IMD的组装过程。在某些情况下，金属层的添加为电子电路提供气密密封。在某些情况下，例如，这通过不要求整个IMD被预先形成的金属外壳中包住(否则将为IMD提供气密密封)而提供了创建较小IMD的能力。在一些情况下，可能不需要一个或多个组件、诸如预先形成的外部金属外壳、内部干燥剂和其他组件，从而潜在地使IMD更紧凑。在一些情况下，代替使IMD更紧凑，特定组件的可能排除可提供更多电池空间以便提供更持久的电池，或者可能提供更多电路空间以便为IMD提供更大的处理能力。这些只是示例。
图1是电子电路10的侧视图。在一些情况下，电子电路10可以被配置为感测心脏电活动并递送起搏脉冲。在一些情况下，电子电路10可以具有堆叠配置。在一些情况下，电子电路10可以具有其他配置，例如，诸如沿轴向布置的平面电路板。如示出的，电子电路10具有堆叠结构，具有第一岛状区部12、第二岛状区部14和第三岛状区部16，其中第三岛状区部16固定到近端馈通件18。在一些情况下，包括诸如近端馈通件18的馈通件可以促进金属涂层(如将讨论的)并附接到其他元件，例如，诸如电极。第一带状区部20在第一岛状区部12和第三岛状区部16之间延伸，并将第一岛状区部12电耦接到第三岛状区部16。第二带状区部22在第二岛状区部14和第三岛状区部16之间延伸，并将第二岛状区部14电耦接到第三岛状区部16。结果，所有三个岛状区部12、14、16彼此电耦接。
如可以看出的，第一岛状区部12包括从第一岛状区部12向上延伸的端子24以及示出安装到第一岛状区部12的下侧的一个或多个电子组件26。在一些情况下，端子24可以被认为是馈通端子。第二岛状区部14包括安装在第二岛状区部14的任一侧上的电子组件28和32。在一些情况下，端子24从电子组件28延伸。第三岛状区部16包括安装到第三岛状区部16的电子组件34和36。应当理解，这仅仅是说明性的。如随后将讨论的，图14至图17提供了在灌封之前电子电路10可能看起来像什么的另外的示例。
图2是电子封装38的透视图，其中电子电路10(图1)已用灌封材料40灌封。图3提供了剖视图以便示出内部组件。在一些情况下，灌封材料40可以为电子封装38提供结构稳定性。灌封材料40可以例如提供短期气密密封，直到可以施加随后的金属层为止。在一些情况下，灌封材料40可以是电绝缘材料，使得灌封材料40本身不会使内部组件短路。可以看到近端馈通件18，也可以看到端子24。如示出的，陶瓷馈通件39电隔离端子24。在一些情况下，灌封材料40可以具有被形成在灌封材料40外部的脊42。在某些情况下，脊42证明有助于提供随后的包覆模制的机械锁定。
灌封材料40可包括各种电绝缘材料。合适的聚合物材料的说明性但非限制性的示例包括环氧树脂、稀释的医用粘合剂、液晶聚合物以及热塑性材料。在一些情况下，聚合物材料可以选择为具有熔点和/或其他热处理参数，其使聚合物材料安全地与电子电路10的各种组件一起使用。
在一些情况下，电子电路10可以经历烘焙步骤，其中电子电路10经受加热，以便去除可能存在于电子电路10内或电子电路10上的任何残余水分和/或气体。在某些情况下，这不是必需的。这可以在罩或其他受控大气环境中进行。在一些情况下，灌封材料40可以施加至电子电路10，同时电子电路10保持在罩或其他受控大气环境中。在一些情况下，可以使用模具将灌封材料40成形为特定形状，诸如包括脊42。在施加灌封材料40之前，可以遮掩例如诸如端子24的一些区域。
在一些情况下，灌封材料40可以被模制在多个电子组件中的至少一些上。在某些情况下，如图3中可以看出的，灌封材料40基本上填充在岛状区部12、14、16之间以及电子组件26、28、32、34、36之间的可用空间中。在一些情况下，灌封材料40有助于机械地加强电子电路10以抵抗振动和其他机械应力。在一些情况下，可以设想的是，灌封材料40还可有助于密封电子电路10以抵抗可能另外地损坏电子电路10的外部湿气。
在一些情况下，如示出的，电子封装38还包括已经施加在灌封材料40上的金属层44。金属层44提供和/或改善电子封装38的气密密封。在这种情况下，在施加金属层44之前，可以处理灌封材料40的外表面46以在灌封材料40和金属层44之间提供更好的粘附。表面制备的说明性但非限制性的示例包括蚀刻，诸如化学蚀刻和激光蚀刻等。在一些情况下，可以将中间材料施加到灌封材料40，以便改善金属层44的粘附性。在一些情况下，可以在灌封材料40和金属层44之间布置绝缘层47。在这种情况下，层47可以表示可选的中间材料层。
存在可以借由其来施加金属层44的各种技术。在特定示例中，金属层44可以包括氮化钛并且可以经由磁控溅射来施加。其他合适的施加技术包括但不限于溅射沉积、电子束蒸发、等离子体激光沉积、阴极电弧沉积、电流体动力学沉积、浸渍、电镀和/或任何其他合适的技术。在一些情况下，可以设想的是金属层44可以是被包裹在灌封材料40周围的金属箔。在一些情况下，金属层444可以是包裹金属和沉积金属的复合物。在一些情况下，金属层44可具有可使用钎焊、焊接或任何其他合适技术密封的接缝或边缘。
一旦形成了电子封装38，电子封装38可用于组装可植入医疗装置(IMD)。图4至图6提供了将电子封装38用在形成无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)中的说明性但非限制性的示例。从图4中可以看出，电子封装38可以固定到电池50上。在一些情况下，电子封装38可以焊接到电池50，尽管将电子封装38固定到电池50的其他方法也被设想(例如粘合剂粘合、焊接等)。在一些情况下，电池50的外壳52可以是电活性的，并且可以通过遮蔽电池50的外壳52的其余部分来形成近端电极54。在一些情况下，例如，Parylene涂层55可以施加到除了近端电极54处之外的电池50的外壳52。在其他情况下，可以使用另一种工艺、技术或材料来电隔离电池50的外壳52的其余部分。取回特征件56可以固定到电池50。
图5示出了包括电子封装38和电池50的配件的一部分。轮廓58提供了随后的环氧树脂包覆成型的指示。在一些情况下，固定配件60可以相对于电子封装38的顶部布置，并且可以经由环氧树脂包覆成型而固定在适当位置。在一些情况下，固定配件60可包括从固定配件60延伸的多个(示出了四个)固定尖齿62。在一些情况下，多个固定尖齿62从有助于将固定配件60固定在环氧树脂包覆成型中的环(未示出)延伸。如果需要，可以在环氧树脂包覆成型之前将X射线ID标签64固定到电子封装38的适当位置，或者可以在环氧树脂内包覆成型。
图6示出了组装的LCP 70。环氧树脂包覆成型72覆盖电子封装38，以将固定配件60固定到LCP 70。在一些情况下，完成组装可包括将远端电极74焊接到端子24。在一些情况下，药物环76可相对于远端电极74被固定在适当位置。应当理解，在组装一些非LCP的可植入装置时，例如可能不存在远端电极74并且可能不存在药物环76。在一些情况下，通过消除外部金属壳、电池绝缘体和干燥剂，LCP 70的总体积可以表示减少10％或15％或更多。
图7是示例性无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的示意性框图，其可以植入患者体内并且可以操作以向心脏递送适当的治疗，诸如递送抗心动过速起搏(ATP)治疗、心脏再同步治疗(CRT)和/或心动过缓治疗等。从图7中可以看出，LCP 100可以是紧凑的装置，其中所有组件都容纳在外壳120内或直接在外壳120上。在一些情况下，LCP 100可以被认为是LCP 70(图6)或随后要讨论的LCP 200(图8)的示例。
在图7中示出的示例中，LCP 100可以包括通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104、电感测模块106、机械感测模块108、处理模块110、电池112和电极布置114。取决于应用，LCP 100可以包括更多或更少的模块。
通信模块102可以被配置为与位于LCP 100外部的诸如传感器的装置和/或诸如SICD的其他医疗装置等通信。这些装置可以位于患者身体外部或内部。不管位置如何，外部装置(即，LCP 100外部但不一定在患者身体外部)可以经由通信模块102与LCP 100通信以完成一个或多个所期功能。例如，LCP 100可以通过通信模块102将诸如感测到的电信号、数据、指令、消息、R波检测标记物等的信息传送到外部医疗装置(例如，SICD和/或编程器)。外部医疗装置可以使用所传送的信号、数据、指令、消息、R波检测标记物等来执行各种功能，诸如确定心律失常的发生、递送电刺激治疗、存储接收到的数据和/或执行任何其他合适的功能。LCP 100可以另外通过通信模块102从外部医疗装置接收诸如信号、数据、指令和/或消息的信息，并且LCP 100可以使用接收到的信号、数据、指令和/或消息来执行各种功能，诸如确定心律失常的发生、递送电刺激治疗、存储接收到的数据和/或执行任何其他合适的功能。通信模块102可以被配置为使用一种或多种方法来与外部装置通信。例如，通信模块102可以经由射频(RF)信号、电感耦合、光信号、声信号、传导通信信号和/或适于通信的任何其他信号进行通信。
在图7示出的示例中，脉冲发生器模块104可以电连接到电极114。在一些示例中，LCP 100可以另外包括电极114’。在这样的示例中，脉冲发生器104还可以电连接到电极114’。脉冲发生器模块104可以配置为生成电刺激信号。例如，脉冲发生器模块104可以通过使用存储在LCP 100内的电池112中的能量来生成和递送电刺激信号，并且经由电极114和/或114’递送所生成的电刺激信号。可替选地或另外地，脉冲发生器104可以包括一个或多个电容器，并且脉冲发生器104可以通过从电池112汲取能量来对一个或多个电容器充电。然后脉冲发生器104可以使用一个或多个电容器的能量来经由电极114和/或114’递送生成的电刺激信号。在至少一些示例中，LCP 100的脉冲发生器104可以包括切换电路，以选择性地将电极114和/或114’中的一个或多个连接到脉冲发生器104，以便选择经由电极114/114’(和/或其他电极)中的哪个电极脉冲发生器104递送电刺激治疗。脉冲发生器模块104可以生成和递送具有特定特征或特定序列的电刺激信号，以便提供多种不同刺激治疗中的一种或多种。例如，脉冲发生器模块104可以被配置为生成电刺激信号以提供电刺激治疗来对抗心动过缓、心动过速、心脏同步、心动过缓心律失常、心动过速心律失常、纤维性颤动心律失常、心脏同步心律失常、和/或产生任何其他合适的电刺激治疗。一些更常见的电刺激治疗包括抗心动过速起搏(ATP)治疗、心脏再同步治疗(CRT)和心脏复律/除颤治疗。在一些情况下，脉冲发生器104可以提供可控的脉冲能量。在一些情况下，脉冲发生器104可以允许控制器控制脉冲电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲形状或形态、和/或任何其他合适的脉冲特性。
在一些示例中，LCP 100可以包括电感测模块106，并且在一些情况下，包括机械感测模块108。电感测模块106可以被配置为感测心脏的心脏电活动。例如，电感测模块106可以连接到电极114/114’，并且电感测模块106可以配置成接收通过电极114/114’传导的心电信号。心电信号可以表示来自其中植入LCP100的腔室的局部信息。例如，如果LCP 100植入心脏的心室(例如RV、LV)内，则由LCP 100通过电极114/114’感测到的心电信号可以表示心室心电信号。在一些情况下，LCP 100可以被配置为检测来自其他腔室(例如远场)的心电信号，诸如来自心房的P波。
机械感测模块108可包括一个或多个传感器，诸如加速计、压力传感器、心音传感器、血氧传感器、化学传感器、温度传感器、流量传感器和/或被配置成测量患者的一个或多个机械/化学参数的任何其他合适的传感器。电感测模块106和机械感测模块108两者都可以连接到处理模块110，处理模块110可以提供表示感测到的机械参数的信号。虽然关于图7描述为单独的感测模块，但是在一些情况下，电感测模块106和机械感测模块108可以根据需要组合成单个感测模块。
电极114/114’可相对于外壳120固定，但暴露于LCP 100周围的组织和/或血液。在一些情况下，电极114通常可布置在LCP 100的任一端上，并且可以与模块102、104、106、108和110中的一个或多个电连通。电极114/114’可以由外壳120支撑，但是在一些示例中，电极114/114’可以通过短连接导线连接到外壳120，使得电极114/114’相对于外壳120不直接固定。在其中LCP 100包括一个或多个电极114’的示例中，电极114’在某些情况下可以布置在LCP 100的侧面上，这可以增加LCP 100可以通过其感测心脏电活动、递送电刺激和/或与外部医疗装置通信的电极的数量。电极114/114’可以由一种或多种生物相容的导电材料构成，诸如已知可安全植入人体内的各种金属或合金。在一些情况下，连接到LCP 100的电极114/114’可以具有绝缘部分，该绝缘部分将电极114/114’与相邻电极、外壳120和/或LCP100的其他部分电隔离。在一些情况下，电极114/114’中的一个或多个可以设置在远离外壳120延伸的尾部(未示出)上。
处理模块110可以被配置为控制LCP 100的操作。例如，处理模块110可以被配置为从电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108接收电信号。基于接收到的信号，处理模块110可以确定例如心脏H的操作中的异常。基于任何确定出的异常，处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104根据一个或多个治疗生成并递送电刺激来治疗确定出的异常。处理模块110可以进一步从通信模块102接收信息。在一些示例中，处理模块110可以使用这样的接收到的信息来帮助确定是否正在发生异常、确定异常类型、和/或响应于该信息采取特定行动。处理模块110可以另外控制通信模块102以向/从其他装置发送/接收信息。
在一些示例中，处理模块110可以包括预编程芯片，诸如超大规模集成(VLSI)芯片和/或专用集成电路(ASIC)。在这样的实施例中，芯片可以用控制逻辑预编程，以便控制LCP100的操作。通过使用预编程的芯片，处理模块110可以使用比其他可编程电路(例如，通用可编程微处理器)更少的电力，同时仍然能够保持基本功能，从而潜在地增加LCP 100的电池寿命。在其他示例中，处理模块110可以包括可编程微处理器。这种可编程微处理器可以允许用户甚至在植入之后修改LCP 100的控制逻辑，从而允许LCP 100比使用预编程ASIC时更大的灵活性。在一些示例中，处理模块110还可以包括存储器，并且处理模块110可以将信息存储在存储器上并从存储器读取信息。在其他示例中，LCP 100可以包括与处理模块110通信的单独存储器(未示出)，使得处理模块110可以从单独存储器读取信息和向该单独存储器写入信息。
电池112可以向LCP 100提供用于其操作的电力。在一些示例中，电池112可以是不可充电的锂基电池。在其他示例中，根据需要，不可充电电池可以由其他合适的材料制成。因为LCP 100是可植入装置，所以在植入后对LCP 100的访问可能受到限制。因此，期望具有足够的电池容量以在诸如数天、数周、数月、数年或甚至数十年的治疗期间递送治疗。在一些情况下，电池112可以是可再充电电池，这可以帮助增加LCP 100的可用寿命。在又其他示例中，根据需要，电池112可以是一些其他类型的电源。
为了将LCP 100植入患者体内，操作者(例如，医生、临床医生等)可以将LCP 100固定到患者心脏的心脏组织。为了便于固定，LCP 100可包括一个或多个锚定件116。锚定件116可包括多个固定或锚定机构中的任何一个。例如，锚定件116可包括一个或多个销、U形钉、螺纹、螺钉、螺旋和/或尖齿等。在一些示例中，尽管未示出，但是锚定件116可以包括在其外表面上的螺纹，该螺纹可以沿着锚定件116的至少部分长度延伸。螺纹可以在心脏组织和锚定件之间提供摩擦力以帮助将锚定件116固定在心脏组织内。在其他示例中，锚定件116可包括其他结构，诸如倒钩或钉等，以促进与周围心脏组织接合。
本文描述的灌封电子封装可用于各种不同的可植入医疗装置中。图8至图13提供了采用灌封电子封装的可植入医疗装置的说明性但非限制性的示例。图8是无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)200的示意图，其被配置为感测患者心脏的心脏电活动并且在适当时生成并向患者的心脏递送起搏脉冲。LCP 200包括电子模块202，其包括连接以形成电路204的多个电气组件。图1和图14-图17提供了具有多个电气组件的电路的示例，因此为清楚起见在图8中未示出各个电气组件。
在一些情况下，如示出的，电路204包括至少第一端子206、第二端子208和第三端子210。灌封材料212支撑多个电气组件并与电路204组合(包括多个电气组件)形成电路子模块214。在一些情况下，电路204可包括两个或更多个堆叠电路板，其经由柔性互连可操作地耦接在一起(诸如图3中示出的)，并且灌封材料212可以封装两个或更多个堆叠电路板的至少一部分。可以从电路子模块214的外部访问第一端子206、第二端子208和第三端子210。可以在电路子模块214的外表面218上提供金属层216。在一些情况下，可以在第一端子206周围设置馈通特征件诸如绝缘馈通特征206a、206b件，以将第一端子206与金属层216隔离。第二端子208和第三端子210可以具有类似的绝缘馈通特征件。第一端子206、第二端子208和第三端子210示出为可从金属层216的外部访问。在一些情况下，金属层216符合电路子模块214的外表面218。
说明性LCP 200包括具有第一电源端子222和第二电源端子224的电源220。在一些情况下，电源220可相对于电子模块202固定，其中第一电源端子222可操作地耦接到电子模块202的第二端子208并且第二电源端子224可操作地耦接到电子模块202的第三端子210。
在一些情况下，LCP 200包括包覆模制层226，其至少在电子模块202上并且可选地也在电源220上延伸。在一些情况下，包覆模制层226有助于将电子模块202固定到电源220。在一些情况下，包覆模制层226可以有助于相对电子模块202固定固定机构228。在一些情况下，例如，固定机构228可以配置成相对于患者的心脏固定LCP 200。
在一些情况下，LCP 200包括多个电极，并且第一端子206可以可操作地耦接到多个电极中的一个。如示出的，LCP 200包括可操作地耦接到第一端子206的远端电极230。LCP200还包括一个或多个近端电极232。在一些情况下，例如，存在在LCP 200周围径向延伸的单个近端电极232。虽然没有明确示出，但是单个近端电极232可以耦接到电源220的端子中的一个和/或电路204的另一个端子。在一些情况下，电路204被配置为经由多个电极中的两个或更多个感测心脏电活动，诸如例如远端电极230和近端电极232，并经由多个电极中的两个或更多个递送起搏脉冲。
图9是包括电子模块242和电源模块244的IMD 240的侧视图，而图10是IMD 240的示意性框图。电子模块242可以例如包括电子封装248，诸如电子封装38(图2)，并且可以例如被认为是电子模块202(图8)的示例。IMD 240包括远端馈通件246。电源模块244可包括第一电池连接243和第二电池连接245，其可操作地且电气地耦接到电源模块244内的电池247。虽然未明确示出，但是应当理解，第一电池连接243和第二电池连接245两者都直接或间接地可操作地耦接到电子封装248。电池247可以具有金属电池外壳249。电子模块242可以包括薄膜金属外层251。在一些情况下，IMD 240包括金属远端252和陶瓷馈通件254，陶瓷馈通件254容纳电连接器256并使其与金属远端252电绝缘。在一些情况下，在陶瓷馈通材料和相邻金属之间可存在钎焊接头271。
图11是配件260的侧视图，而图12是配件260的示意性框图。配件260包括电子模块262、金属远端264和金属近端267。在一些情况下，配件260可以完全组装，并且随后可以固定到单独的电池或其他电源。电子模块262包括电子封装248，如图10中引用的。电子模块262可包括导体266、268和270，分别从电子模块262延伸穿过陶瓷贯通(passthrough)272、274和276。在一些情况下，在陶瓷材料和相邻金属之间可以存在钎焊接头271以形成气密密封。说明性电子模块262可包括薄膜金属层278、金属远端264和金属近端267，以形成围绕电子封装248的气密密封。
图13是生物相容性装置280的示意图。生物相容性装置280的内部282包括电源和电子封装，诸如电子封装248。生物相容性装置280包括薄金属层284，其包围电源和电子封装，并且形成为生物相容的形状以用于植入所期身体位置中。在一些情况下，电子封装或至少围绕电子封装布置的灌封材料可以形成为任何所期形状、尺寸或配置。电子封装可包括适形金属层。结果，生物相容性装置280可以形成为可以有益于生物相容性装置280的预期使用的任何所期形状。
生物相容性装置280包括金属板286和插入金属板286中的陶瓷馈通件288。第一导体290、第二导体292和第三导体294每个延伸穿过陶瓷馈通件288，如示出的。在一些情况下，在陶瓷材料和相邻金属之间可以存在钎焊接头271以形成气密密封。在一些情况下，导体290、292、294可以例如被配置为连接到一个或多个电极。在一些情况下，导体290、292、294可以被配置为经由一个或多个导线或其他导体连接到另一个可植入装置。
图14至图17提供了堆叠电路板配置的另外的说明性但非限制性的示例，其可以例如用作图2中示出的电子封装的一部分。关于这些堆叠电路板的组成和构造的进一步细节可以在美国专利申请公开No.2016/0151621中找到，其内容通过引用结合于此。
在图14中，电路300包括经由带状区部306连接在一起的岛状区部302和岛状区部304。处理模块310被示出为固定到岛状区部304并且电路元件308A和图308B被示出为固定到岛状区部302。在一个示例中，处理模块310和电路元件308A和308B可以表示实施通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104、电感测模块106、机械感测模块108和/或处理模块110的功能的电路元件。处理模块110可包括任何电路元件或组件，诸如预编程逻辑芯片或可编程微处理器。电路元件308A和308B可以表示电容器、电阻器、二极管或其他电路元件。
在一些示例中，每个岛状区部302、304可以是圆形的，但这不是必需的。每个岛状区部302、304的直径可以略小于可植入医疗装置外壳(例如LCP 100)的横截面的内径，使得岛状区部302、304在堆叠时可以适配在装置内。一些示例直径包括3.8毫米至12.7毫米。然而，在其他示例中，岛302、304可以是三角形、正方形、卵形或任何其他合适的形状。在至少一些示例中，岛状区部302、304的具体形状通常可匹配可植入医疗装置外壳的横截面形状。带状区部306的长度的一些示例范围包括3.8毫米至12.7毫米。
岛状区部302、304可包括刚性印刷电路板(PCB)。在这种情况下，岛状区部302、304可以包括电连接岛状区部302、304中的每个上的每个组件的金属或其他迹线。另一方面，带状区部306可以包括柔性基板，例如包括聚酰胺或任何其它合适的柔性基底的聚合物。一个或多个迹线322可以嵌入带状区部306的聚合物内，并且可以与电路300外部的环境电绝缘。通常，带状区部306可以比岛状区部302、304相对更柔韧。因此，当布置在可植入医疗装置(诸如LCP100)内时，带状区部306可以折叠或弯曲以允许岛状区部302、304相对于彼此堆叠而不会使岛状区部302、304在很大程度上弯曲(例如，两条切线之间的偏转小于15度，其中每条切线在岛状区部的对应边缘处与岛状区部的上表面相切)。
图15描绘了岛302、304的另一示例配置。在图15的示例中，第二主相对表面312B、314B彼此面对。在如图15中描绘的配置中的电路元件308A-308C和处理模块310下，这意味着处理模块310和电路元件308A-308C布置在堆叠电路的外部。
图16和图17提供了可以用作图2的电子封装的一部分的电路400的示例配置。在图6中，岛状区部401、403和405堆叠，其中岛状区部401和403的第一主相对表面412A和414A彼此面对，并且岛状区部401的第二主相对表面和第一主相对表面416A彼此面对。在图17中，岛状区部401、403和405堆叠，其中岛状区部401和405的第一主相对表面412A和第二主相对表面416B分别彼此面对，并且其中岛状区部403、405的第一主相对表面416A、412A彼此面对。在该配置中，第一带状区部406可以比第二带状区部407长。
当然，这些仅是岛状区部401、403和405可以采用的堆叠配置的几个示例。在其他示例中，岛状区部403可以位于堆叠的中间，其中岛状区部401位于顶部，并且岛状区部405位于底部。在更进一步的示例中，处理模块410和电路元件408A-H的位置可以不同，或者岛状区部可以包括另外的或不同的组件，例如，各种机械/生理/生物传感器，诸如加速度计、姿势传感器或心音传感器等。因此，这些不同示例的堆叠配置可能看起来与图14至图17描绘的不同，或者堆叠配置的尺寸可以不同以适应各种不同的组件。
应该理解，本公开在许多方面仅是说明性的。在不超出本公开范围的情况下，可以进行细节上的改变，特别是在形状、尺寸和步骤的布置方面。在适当的程度上，这可以包括使用在其他实施例中使用的一个示例实施例的任何特征。

Claims (15)

1.一种用在可植入医疗装置(IMD)中的电子模块，所述电子模块包括：
多个电气组件，其连接以形成包括端子的电路；
灌封材料，其支撑所述多个电气组件，其中所述多个电气组件和所述灌封材料形成电路子模块，其中所述端子是从所述电路子模块的外部可访问的；以及
金属层，其设置在所述电路子模块的外表面上，其中所述金属层符合所述电路子模块的外表面，并且所述端子是从所述金属层的外部可访问的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子模块，其中所述灌封材料被模制在所述多个电气组件中的至少一些上。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的电子模块，还包括在所述端子和所述金属层之间的绝缘体。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电子模块，其中所述金属层包括TiN。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子模块，其中所述电路包括第二端子，并且其中所述第二端子是从所述电路子模块的外部可访问的。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电子模块，其中所述电路被配置为感测心脏电活动并且递送起搏脉冲。
7.一种无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)，其配置为起搏患者的心脏，所述LCP能放置在所述患者心脏的腔室内，所述LCP包括：
电子模块，包括：
多个电气组件，其连接以形成包括至少第一端子、第二端子和第三端子的电路；
灌封材料，其支撑所述多个电气组件，其中所述多个电气组件和所述灌封材料形成电路子模块，其中所述第一端子、所述第二端子和所述第三端子是从所述电路子模块的外部可访问的；以及
金属层，其设置在所述电路子模块的外表面上，其中所述金属层符合所述电路子模块的外表面，并且所述第一端子、所述第二端子和所述第三端子是从所述金属层的外部可访问的；
多个电极，所述电子模块的第一端子能操作地耦接到所述多个电极中的一个；
电源，其具有第一电源端子和第二电源端子，其中所述电源相对于所述电子模块固定，其中所述第一电源端子能操作地耦接到所述电子模块的第二端子，并且所述第二电源端子能操作地耦接到所述电子模块的第三端子。
8.根据权利要求7所述的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)，还包括在所述电子模块上的包覆模制层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)，其中所述包覆模制层有助于所述电源相对所述电子模块的固定。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)，还包括相对于所述电子模块固定的固定机构，用于将所述LCP固定到所述患者的心脏。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)，其中所述灌封材料被模制在所述多个电气组件中的至少一些上。
12.根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)，其中，所述多个电气组件包括经由柔性互连能操作地耦接在一起的两个或更多个堆叠电路板，并且其中所述灌封材料封装所述两个或更多个堆叠电路板的至少一部分。
13.一种制造无引线可植入医疗装置(IMD)的方法，所述方法包括：
将电路灌封在灌封材料中以至少部分地将电路封装在所述灌封材料内；
在被灌封电路上施加金属涂层，以为被灌封电路的至少部分提供防潮层；
将被灌封电路附接到电池并将电路能操作地连接到所述电池；
附接用于将所述IMD固定到患者的心脏的固定机构；
将第一电极能操作地连接到所述电路；并且
将第二电极能操作地连接到所述电路。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括在将被灌封电路附接到所述电池之后将聚对二甲苯涂层施加到所述IMD。
15.根据权利要求14或15中任一项所述的方法，其中，附接所述固定机构包括在所述固定机构的至少一部分上以及在所述灌封电路的至少一部分上包覆模制层。
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