CN110227548A - 一种共价键连接的二氧化钛@TpPa-1复合材料的制备及光解水制氢 - Google Patents
一种共价键连接的二氧化钛@TpPa-1复合材料的制备及光解水制氢 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa‑1复合材料的制备及光催化分解水制氢,涉及到一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa‑1复合材料的制备及光催化分解水制氢。本发明提供一种新型复合材料TiO2@TpPa‑1,目的是为了解决现有用于光催化制氢材料制氢效率不高的问题。方法:一、氨基修饰的TiO2的制备;二、醛基修饰的TiO2的制备;三、TiO2@TpPa‑1复合材料的制备。本发明的制备过程简单有效,试剂消耗少且产率高;且本发明提供的光催化剂能够有效提高TpPa‑1光解水制氢效率低的问题。本发明应用于光解水制氢领域,实验表明该复合材料具有优异的光解水制氢性能,其光解水产氢效率可达到11.6 mmol·g‑1·h‑1。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种共价键连接的二氧化钛@TpPa-1复合材料的制备及光解水制氢。
背景技术
随着社会经济、科技的飞速发展,人均能源消耗也随之增多。诸多问题也接踵而至。首先是目前人类活动依赖的主要是以石油、煤、天然气等为代表的化石能源,这些资源在短期内不可再生,面临着能源匮乏的危机。其次是化石能源在当前的科技条件下使用过程中不可避免的会造成诸多环境问题,比如水体污染、温室效应、大气污染。人类的生存和发展,经济、科技社会的进步也离不开能源的支持,可是化石能源又伴随着诸多问题,所以寻找一种可持续的清洁能源来化解甚至是替代当前对化石能源的依赖。氢能以其极高的比能量密度、热值大,燃烧产物只有水,不会对环境造成任何压力等优点成为取代化石能源的热门能源。而光催化制氢由于主要能量来源为清洁且总量极大的太阳能,可以实现能源利用的良性循环。其中日本学者Fujishima和Honda研究发现当光照n-型半导体二氧化钛(TiO2)电极时,可导致水分解,使人们认识到利用太阳能光解水制氢的可行性。但因其在光解水制氢的过程中光生电子和空穴复合率高、只能响应紫外光等缺点,限制了其发展。因此开发一种新型的光催化剂迫在眉睫。
共价有机机框架(COFs)材料是由轻原子(氢、硼、碳、氮等)通过共价键连接形成的具有二维拓扑结构的高度多孔有机聚合晶体材料,因其具有良好的可见光吸收、规整孔道结构及合适的禁带宽度等优点,成为一种非常有潜力的半导体光催化材料,但光生电子与空穴易复合的缺点使光催化效果不太理想。因此研制一种光解水制氢效率高的材料成为了研究热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要解决现有材料光解水制氢效率不高的问题,而提供一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备方法是按以下步骤完成的:
一、氨基修饰的TiO2(APTEs-TiO2)的制备;
二、醛基二氧化钛(CHO-TiO2)的制备:将APTEs-TiO2置于二氧六环中,在超声频率为35~45KHz的条件下超声处理10min,待充分混合后加入三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)与乙酸水溶液,得到的混合溶液置于耐热玻璃管中,并于120℃中真空搅拌6h,产物过滤并用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,干燥即得CHO-TiO2;
步骤二中所述APTEs-TiO2与Tp的质量比为5:1;
步骤二中所述二氧六环和乙酸溶液的体积比为6:1;
步骤二中所述乙酸水溶液浓度为(3mol·L-1);
三、由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备:将Tp和对苯二胺与不同质量的上述合成的CHO-TiO2材料置于二氧六环溶液和均三甲苯的混合溶液中,在超声频率为35~45KHz的条件下超声处理30min,待充分混合后加入乙酸溶液,并于115~125℃中真空加热72h,产物过滤并用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,干燥即得由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料;
步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2的添加量为(5,10,15mg);
步骤三中所述Tp的质量为21mg;
步骤三中所述对苯二胺的质量为16mg;
步骤三中所述二氧六环与均三甲苯体积比为1:1;
步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2与TpPa-1之间通过Tp的醛基与TpPa-1形成席夫碱基团连接
上述的由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料在光解水制氢方面中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明采分步修饰法,以Tp和对苯二胺为原料,成功合成了一种二维有机材料(TpPa-1),但是该材料在可见光下光解水产氢效率较低,仅有1.2mmol·g-1·h-1;
此外本发明在TpPa-1材料的基础上又合成了一种新的复合材料TiO2@TpPa-1,该材料有效提高了TpPa-1光解水制氢性能,TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的光解水产氢效率为3.9~11.6mmol·g-1·h-1。
附图说明
图1为所制备材料的X-射线粉末衍射图;
图2为TiO2@TpPa-1材料的扫描电镜(SEM)图;
图3为所制备材料的光解水产氢图。
具体实施方式
下面用实施例对本发明进行进一步说明,这些实施例仅对本发明的方法进行说明,对本发明的适用范围无任何限制。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式的一种TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备是按以下步骤完成的:
一、氨基修饰的TiO2(APTEs-TiO2)的制备;
二、醛基二氧化钛(CHO-TiO2)的制备:将APTEs-TiO2置于二氧六环中,在超声频率为35~45KHz的条件下超声处理10min,待充分混合后加入三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)与乙酸水溶液,得到的混合溶液置于耐热玻璃管中,并于115~125℃中真空搅拌6h,产物过滤并用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,干燥即得CHO-TiO2;
三、由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备:将Tp和对苯二胺与不同质量的上述合成的CHO-TiO2材料置于二氧六环溶液和均三甲苯的混合溶液中,在超声频率为35~45KHz的条件下超声处理30min,待充分混合后加入乙酸溶液,并于115~125℃中真空加热72h,产物过滤并用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,干燥即得TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料;
步骤二中所述APTEs-TiO2与Tp的质量比为5:1;
步骤二中所述二氧六环和乙酸溶液的体积比为6:1;
步骤二中所述乙酸水溶液浓度为(3mol·L-1);
步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2的添加量为(5,10,15mg);
步骤三中所述Tp的质量为21mg;
步骤三中所述对苯二胺的质量为16mg;
步骤三中所述二氧六环与均三甲苯体积比为1:1。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2的添加量为10mg,其他步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是:步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2的添加量为15mg,其他步骤及参数与具体实施方式一或二相同。
为验证本发明的有益效果进行以下试验:
图1对得到的APTEs-TiO2、CHO-TiO2、TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料进行X射线粉末衍射检测,得到图一所示,在图示的三个样品均在2θ为25.28、38.57、48.05、53.89、55.06、62.68处出现了衍射峰,分别对于TiO2的101、004、200、105、211、204晶面衍射,表明所得样品均具有典型TiO2的机体结构,说明引入了TpPa-1后TiO2的XRD峰没有变化;
图2对具体实施方式二得到的由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料进行扫描电镜检测,得到图2所示的由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的扫描电镜图;
图3对具体实施方法1~3得到的由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料进行可见光光催化分解水产氢速率对比,以0.1g L-抗坏血酸钠为牺牲剂,50mL硫酸盐缓冲溶液作为反应液,0.01g由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料作为光解水制氢催化剂,如图3所示;在可见光照射下,单独的TpPa-1光解水产氢效率较低,仅有1.2mmol·g-1·h-1;而由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料展现了一个很好的光催化水解制氢的性能,最大光解水产氢速率可达11.6mmol·g-1·h-1,有效的提高了TpPa-1材料的光解水制氢性能。
Claims (4)
1.一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备,其特征在于该方法按以下步骤进行:
一、氨基修饰的TiO2(APTEs-TiO2)的制备;
二、醛基二氧化钛(CHO-TiO2)的制备:将APTEs-TiO2置于二氧六环中,在超声频率为35~45 KHz的条件下超声处理10 min,待充分混合后加入三醛基间苯三酚(Tp)与乙酸水溶液,得到的混合溶液置于耐热玻璃管中,并于115~125 ℃中真空搅拌6 h,产物过滤并用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,干燥即得CHO-TiO2;
步骤二中所述APTEs-TiO2与Tp的质量比为5:1;
步骤二中所述二氧六环和乙酸溶液的体积比为6:1;
步骤二中所述乙酸水溶液浓度为(3 mol·L-1);
三、由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备:将Tp和对苯二胺与不同质量的上述合成的CHO-TiO2材料置于二氧六环溶液和均三甲苯的混合溶液中,在超声频率为35~45KHz的条件下超声处理30 min,待充分混合后加入乙酸溶液,并于120 ℃ 中真空加热72 h,产物过滤并用四氢呋喃洗涤三次,干燥即得由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料;
步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2的添加量为(5,10,15 mg);
步骤三中所述Tp的质量为21 mg;
步骤三中所述对苯二胺的质量为16 mg;
步骤三中所述二氧六环与均三甲苯体积比为1.5 mL:1.5 mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备,其特征在于步骤二中所述APTEs-TiO2与Tp的质量比为5:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备,其特征在于步骤二中所述反应溶剂是二氧六环。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种由共价键连接的TiO2@TpPa-1复合材料的制备,其特征在于步骤三中所述的CHO-TiO2的添加量为:(5,10,15 mg)。
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