CN110227433B - 一种锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyltin oxide Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法。该方法采用的是水热反应,以钛酸四正丁酯为钛源,无水乙醇和去离子水为溶剂,氨水为矿化剂,{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片作为复合基底,室温下强力搅拌,随后在高温下进行水热处理,获得了锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。本发明采用二次水热法首次合成了锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。本发明的制备方法工艺简单,条件易得,无污染,低成本,有利于可控制备;获得的复合材料形成了高质量的异质结界面,且展现出良好的光催化性能,在光降解、光解水、光催化CO2还原等环保及能源领域具有广泛的潜在应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,属于功能材料制备领域。
背景技术
利用TiO2作为光催化剂实现光降解、光催化分解水及光催化二氧化碳还原等一系列光催化反应获得了研究者们和科学家们的广泛关注。有研究发现锐钛矿型 TiO2的(001)晶面和(101)晶面可有效分离光生电子和空穴,并驱动光生载流子具有晶面选择性地各向异性流动,因此在(001)晶面高暴露率的基础上,适当引入(101)晶面从而构筑类似于异质结的结构,将更有利于提高TiO2的光催化性能。
现阶段制备的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结主要在{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿单一纳米片上对{001}和{101}晶面之间的相互比例进行调控,并未考虑通过复合生长 {101}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒以异质外延关系获得零维/二维复合的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。相比改变溶剂用量或HF用量来调控单一纳米片的晶面比例,本发明方法采用二次水热法,仅通过改变TBOT用量和纯纳米片的摩尔比例,从理论计算上可实现不同复合比例的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结,操作性更简易,可获得较高质量的异质界面。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法。此方法采用二次水热法实现锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的构筑,获得的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结厚度约为6.5nm,横向尺寸约为100nm,其{001} 晶面两侧均外延生长了粒径约为10~30nm的{101}晶面暴露的TiO2半八面体颗粒,将其晶面的摩尔比例在7%~12%范围内进行调整,发现产氢速率优于{001} 晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片。
本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将钛酸四正丁酯加入装有无水乙醇的反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~15min,得到浓度为0.035mol/L~0.059mol/L的钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液;
2)在搅拌状态下,向步骤1)制得的钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液中加入氨水,其中钛酸四正丁酯与氨水的摩尔比为1:89~1:148,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;
3)在搅拌状态下,向步骤2)得到的乳白色悬浊液中加入去离子水,其中钛酸四正丁酯与去离子水的摩尔比为1:190~1:316,搅拌10~20min,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
4)在搅拌状态下,将{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片加入步骤3)得到的乳白色悬浊液中,其中钛酸四正丁酯与{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的摩尔比为1:9~1:14,搅拌2~3h,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
5)将步骤4)中配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在160℃-200℃保温12-24h;待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。
上述技术方案中,进一步地,所述的步骤4)中,{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片通过溶剂热反应制得,具体步骤为:将钛酸四正丁酯、氢氟酸、无水乙醇按摩尔比1:9.8:2.9~1:9.8:11.7混合并加入反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~20 min,得到乳白色悬浊液;然后将装有乳白色悬浊液的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,160℃-200℃保温16-24h;待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片。
更进一步地,所述的钛酸四正丁酯和氢氟酸的纯度均不低于化学纯。
进一步地,所用反应釜为聚四氟乙烯内胆,不锈钢套件密闭的反应釜。
进一步地,所述的钛酸四正丁酯和氨水的纯度均不低于化学纯。
进一步地,所述的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的横向尺寸为 90-110nm,厚度为6-9nm。
进一步地,制得的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的形貌和尺寸与所述的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的形貌和尺寸相同,其{001}晶面两侧外延生长了粒径为10~30nm的{101}晶面暴露的锐钛矿TiO2半八面体颗粒。
本发明方法的优点如下:
1.在本发明中,采用二次水热的合成方法,通过调控TBOT和{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的摩尔比例,以期实现具有不同晶面比例的锐钛矿型 TiO2晶面异质结,并延长光生载流子的寿命,从而提高其光催化性能。
2.采用本发明方法制备得到的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结可在一定范围内对{001}晶面与{101}晶面的比例进行可控调节,从而延长光生载流子的有效寿命,促进光催化产氢效率的提升,并显著优于纯{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿TiO2纳米片的光催化产氢性能。
附图说明
图1是实例3制备的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱;
图2是实例3制备的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片;
图3是实例2制备的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片;
图4是实例3制备的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的光催化产氢速率图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
1)量取300μL钛酸四正丁酯注入到含有25mL无水乙醇的反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~15min,得到钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液;
2)在搅拌状态下,向步骤1)制得的钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液中逐滴加入5mL 的氨水,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;
3)在搅拌状态下,向步骤2)得到的乳白色悬浊液中加入5mL的去离子水,搅拌10~20min,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
4)在搅拌状态下,将1g的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片加入步骤 3)得到的乳白色悬浊液中,搅拌2~3h,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
5)将步骤4)配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在200℃保温12h。待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。
其中,步骤4)中提到的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片通过溶剂热反应制得。在反应釜内胆中,将10g钛酸四正丁酯、5mL氢氟酸、10mL无水乙醇进行混合,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;将配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在180℃保温16h。待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,先后用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得{001} 晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片。
实施例2
1)量取400μL钛酸四正丁酯注入到含有25mL无水乙醇的反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~15min,得到钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液;
2)在搅拌状态下,向步骤1)制得的不同浓度钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液中逐滴加入5mL的氨水,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;
3)在搅拌状态下,向步骤2)得到的乳白色悬浊液中加入5mL的去离子水,搅拌10~20min,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
4)在搅拌状态下,将1g的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片加入步骤 3)得到的乳白色悬浊液中,搅拌2~3h,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
5)将步骤4)配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在200℃保温12h。待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。
其中,步骤4)中提到的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片通过溶剂热反应制得。在反应釜内胆中,将10g钛酸四正丁酯、5mL氢氟酸、10mL无水乙醇进行混合,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;将配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在180℃保温16h。待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,先后用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得{001} 晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片。
实施例3
1)量取500μL钛酸四正丁酯注入到含有25mL无水乙醇的反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~15min,得到钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液;
2)在搅拌状态下,向步骤1)制得的不同浓度钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液中逐滴加入5mL的氨水,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;
3)在搅拌状态下,向步骤2)得到的乳白色悬浊液中加入5mL的去离子水,搅拌10~20min,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
4)在搅拌状态下,将1g的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片加入步骤 3)得到的乳白色悬浊液中,搅拌2~3h,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
5)将步骤4)配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在200℃保温12h。待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结。
其中,步骤4)中提到的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片通过溶剂热反应制得。在反应釜内胆中,将10g钛酸四正丁酯、5mL氢氟酸、10mL无水乙醇进行混合,搅拌10~20min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;将配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在180℃保温16h。待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,先后用去离子水和无水乙醇反复洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得{001} 晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片。
图1的XRD图谱显示产物为锐钛矿晶型TiO2,与PDF卡片21-1272匹配。图2的SEM照片显示,通过二次水热的方法,在{001}晶面的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片上长有锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒。图3的TEM照片从俯视(图3a)及侧视 (图3b)角度进一步佐证了该结果。图4表明锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结展现出优于纯TiO2纳米片的光催化产氢性能。
Claims (5)
1.一种锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
1)将钛酸四正丁酯加入装有无水乙醇的反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~15 min,得到浓度为0.035 mol/L~0.059 mol/L的钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液;
2)在搅拌状态下,向步骤1)制得的钛酸四正丁酯有机溶液中加入氨水,其中钛酸四正丁酯与氨水的摩尔比为1:89~1:148,搅拌10~20 min,得到乳白色的悬浊液;
3)在搅拌状态下,向步骤2)得到的乳白色悬浊液中加入去离子水,其中钛酸四正丁酯与去离子水的摩尔比为1:190~1:316,搅拌10~20 min,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
4)在搅拌状态下,将{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片加入步骤3)得到的乳白色悬浊液中,其中钛酸四正丁酯与{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的摩尔比为1:9~1:14,搅拌2~3 h,悬浊液继续保持乳白色;
5)将步骤4)中配置有反应物料的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,在160℃-200℃保温12-24 h;待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结;
所述的步骤4)中,{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片通过溶剂热反应制得,具体步骤为:将钛酸四正丁酯、氢氟酸、无水乙醇按摩尔比1:9.8:2.9~1:9.8:11.7混合并加入反应釜内胆中,搅拌10~20 min,得到乳白色悬浊液;然后将装有乳白色悬浊液的反应釜内胆置于反应釜中,密封,160℃-200℃保温16-24 h;待反应釜自然冷却至室温,取出内胆,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤反应产物,过滤,烘干,制得{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片;
制得的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的形貌和尺寸与所述的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的形貌和尺寸相同,其{001}晶面两侧外延生长了粒径为10~30 nm的{101}晶面暴露的锐钛矿TiO2半八面体颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,其特征是,所述的钛酸四正丁酯和氢氟酸的纯度均不低于化学纯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,其特征是,所用反应釜为聚四氟乙烯内胆,不锈钢套件密闭的反应釜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,其特征是,所述的钛酸四正丁酯和氨水的纯度均不低于化学纯。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的锐钛矿型TiO2晶面异质结的制备方法,其特征是,所述的{001}晶面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米片的横向尺寸为90-110 nm,厚度为6-9 nm。
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