CN110224604A - 用于车辆的低压dc-dc转换器及其控制方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆的低压dc-dc转换器及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN110224604A
CN110224604A CN201811176808.XA CN201811176808A CN110224604A CN 110224604 A CN110224604 A CN 110224604A CN 201811176808 A CN201811176808 A CN 201811176808A CN 110224604 A CN110224604 A CN 110224604A
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current
capacitor
switch
converter
low pressure
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李岱雨
李宇宁
崔珉诚
河泰宗
车栽银
杨真明
吕寅勇
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/342—Active non-dissipative snubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

公开了用于车辆的低压DC‑DC转换器及其控制方法。本发明提供一种用于车辆的低压DC‑DC转换器，包括：开关电路，其包括多个电容器和多个开关，并将高压电池输出的高电压转换为AC电压；变压器，其将开关电路输出的AC电压转换为低电压；电流传感器，其测量从变压器输出的电流值；以及控制器，其将电流传感器测量的电流值与参考值进行比较，以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式，并依照判定结果，控制多个开关中的一个接通或断开。

Description

用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器及其控制方法，更具体地，涉及一种能够改善低压DC-DC转换器的可控性，同时减小低压DC-DC转换器中的开关的内部压力的用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器及其控制方法。
背景技术
一般而言，混合动力车辆包括作为燃料电池的高压主电池和用于向车辆的每个电力负载供应电压的低压辅助电池。此外，在主电池和辅助电池之间设置用于减小主电池输出的电压的低压DC-DC转换器(LDC)。
图1示出传统的低压DC-DC转换器的电路结构。参照图1，在传统的低压DC-DC转换器的电路中，主开关的最大电压与电容器的电容成反比。更具体地，当电容器的电容增加时，主开关的最大电压减小，并且当电容器的电容减小时，主开关的最大电压增加。换言之，当电容器的电容增加时，主开关的最大电压减小，从而可以更自由地选择主开关。
另一方面，在传统的低压DC-DC转换器的电路中，当电容器的电容减小时，电容和电感的谐振频率位于稳定控制低压DC-DC转换器的频带之外，这使得可控性容易实现。然而，如果电容器的电容增加以减小主开关的最大电压，则电容和电感的谐振频率可能位于频带内以稳定控制低压DC-DC转换器，这导致可控性变差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器及其控制方法，能够通过适当地控制用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器中的电容器的电容以减小主开关的最大电压，同时改善低压DC-DC转换器的可控性。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，一种用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器，包括：开关电路，其包括多个电容器和多个开关，并将高压电池输出的高电压转换为AC电压；变压器，其将开关电路输出的AC电压转换为低电压；电流传感器，其测量从变压器输出的电流值；以及控制器，其将电流传感器测量的电流值与预存储的参考值进行比较，以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式，并依照判定结果，控制多个开关中的一个接通或断开。
开关电路可以包括：第一电容器、第二电容器、第一开关、第二开关以及辅助开关。
第一电容器和第二电容器可以彼此并联连接，并且第二电容器和辅助开关可以彼此串联连接。
如果电流传感器测量的电流值等于或小于参考值，则控制器可以判定电流模式为非连续电流模式并控制辅助开关断开。
如果辅助开关断开，则开关电路的电容器的电容可以减小。
如果电流传感器测量的电流值超过参考值，则控制器可以判定电流模式为连续电流模式并控制辅助开关接通。
如果辅助开关接通，则开关电路的电容器的电容可以增加。
用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器可以进一步包括辅助电路，其包括：配置为包括多个二极管的整流器；以及配置为包括电感器和电容器的电感器-电容器(LC)滤波器单元。
整流器可以对变压器输出的电流进行整流。
LC滤波器单元可以使整流器整流的电流平滑化，并将平滑后的电流转换为DC电流。
根据本发明的另一示例性实施例，提供一种控制用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：测量变压器输出的电流值；通过将测量的电流值与预存储的参考值进行比较，判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式；以及依照判定结果，控制开关电路中的一个开关接通或断开。
在依照判定结果，控制开关电路中的一个开关接通或断开的步骤中，如果判定结果为测量的电流值等于或小于参考值，则可以判定电流模式为非连续电流模式并且开关电路中的一个开关可以断开。
在依照判定结果，控制开关电路中的一个开关接通或断开的步骤中，如果判定结果为测量的电流值超过参考值，则可以判定电流模式为连续电流模式并且开关电路中的一个开关可以接通。
附图说明
图1是示出传统的低压DC-DC转换器的电路结构的示图。
图2是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的低压DC-DC转换器的电路结构的示图。
图3是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的控制低压DC-DC转换器的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参照附图描述根据本发明示例性实施例的用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器及其控制方法。
图2是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的低压DC-DC转换器的电路结构的示图。如图2所示，根据本发明示例性实施例的低压DC-DC转换器可以构造为包括开关电路100、变压器200、电流传感器300以及控制器400。
具体地，开关电路100包括多个电容器和多个开关，并且用于将高压电池输出的高电压转换为AC电压。参照图2，开关电路100可以构造为包括第一电容器110、第二电容器120、第一开关130、第二开关140以及辅助开关150。更具体地，第一电容器110和第二电容器120可以彼此并联连接，并且第二电容器120和辅助开关150可以彼此串联连接。
此外，第一开关130可以连接于高压电池500的正极和变压器200的初级侧之间，且第二开关140可以连接于高压电池500的负极和变压器200的初级侧之间。
变压器200将开关电路100输出的AC电压转换为低电压。此时，变压器200具有1：N的匝数比，并且根据示例性实施例可以是应用中心抽头的变压器。这里，变压器是已知技术，并且将省略其详细描述。
电流传感器300测量从变压器200输出的电流值。根据本发明，控制器400可用于根据通过电流传感器300测量的变压器200输出的电流值来判定电流模式是非连续电流模式还是连续电流模式。
在本发明中，电流传感器300可以包括用于测量电路中的电流的安培表。
控制器400将由电流传感器300测量的电流与预存储的参考值进行比较，以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式。依照比较结果，控制器400可以控制开关电路100中的多个开关中的一个接通/断开。更具体地，如果电流传感器300测量的电流值等于或小于预存储的参考值，则控制器400判定电流模式为非连续电流模式并且可以控制开关电路100的辅助开关150断开。此时，当辅助开关150断开时，开关电路100的电容器的电容可能减小。更具体地，由于当辅助开关150断开时，高压电池500输出的电力未供应至第二电容器120，所以开关电路100的电容器的电容可以等于第一电容器110的电容。换言之，当辅助开关150断开时，开关电路100的电容器的电容的减小可能意味着与辅助开关150接通的情况相比，开关电路100的电容器的电容相对减小。
如果电流传感器300测量的电流值超过预存储的参考值，则控制器400判定电流模式是连续电流模式并且可以控制开关电路100的辅助开关150接通。此时，当辅助开关150接通时，开关电路100的电容器的电容可能增加。更具体地，当辅助开关150接通时，高压电池500输出的电力供应至第一电容器110和第二电容器120，使得开关电路100的电容器的电容可以是第一电容器110和第二电容器120的电容总和。换言之，当辅助开关150接通时，与辅助开关150断开的情况相比，开关电路100的电容器的电容可以相对增加。
如上所述，控制器400将电流传感器300测量的电流值与预存储的参考值进行比较，以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式。依照判定结果，如果判定电流模式为非连续电流模式，则辅助开关150断开以减小开关电路100的电容，且如果判定电流模式为连续电流模式，则辅助开关150接通以增加开关电路100的电容，从而减小第二开关140的最大电压，同时改善低压DC-DC转换器的可控性。
根据本发明示例性实施例的用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器可以进一步包括辅助电路600。参照图2，辅助电路600可以构造为包括整流器610和LC滤波器单元620。更具体地，整流器610可以构造为包括多个二极管D1和D2，并且LC滤波器单元620可以构造为包括电感器621和电容器622。
更具体地，在整流器610中，第一二极管D1的阳极可以与变压器200的次级绕组的一端连接，第二二极管D2的阳极可以与变压器200的次级绕组的另一端连接，并且第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的阴极可以在彼此连接的同时连接至LC滤波器单元620。这里，整流器610可以对变压器输出的电流进行整流。
此外，在LC滤波器单元620中，电感器621可以连接于第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的阴极与电容器622之间，并且电容器622可以与包括低压电池(未示出)等的负载630并联连接。这里，LC滤波器单元620可以使通过整流器610整流的电流平滑化，并将平滑后的电流转换为DC电流。
图3是示出根据本发明示例性实施例的控制低压DC-DC转换器的方法的流程图。如图3所示，控制低压DC-DC转换器的方法可以包括：测量从变压器输出的电流值；将测量的电流值与预存储的参考值进行比较以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式；以及依照判定结果，控制开关电路中的一个开关接通/断开。
更具体地，在依照判定结果，控制开关电路中的一个开关接通/断开的步骤中，如果判定结果为测量的电流值等于或小于预存储的参考值，则判定电流模式为非连续电流模式，并且开关电路中的一个开关可以断开。此时，控制器可以控制开关电路中的辅助开关断开。这里，当辅助开关断开时，开关电路的电容器的电容可能减小。在阐述低压DC-DC转换器时已经说明开关电路的电容器的电容的减小，因此将省略其描述。
同时，在依照判定结果，控制开关电路中的一个开关接通/断开的步骤中，如果判定结果为测量的电流值超过参考值，则判定电流模式为连续电流模式，并且开关电路中的一个开关可以接通。此时，控制器可以控制开关电路中的辅助开关接通。这里，当辅助开关导通时，开关电路的电容器的电容可能增加。在阐述低压DC-DC转换器时已经说明开关电路的电容器的电容的增加，因此将省略其描述。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，控制器将由电流传感器测量的电流值与预存储的参考值进行比较，以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式。依照判定结果，如果判定电流模式为非连续电流模式，则辅助开关断开以减小开关电路的电容，且如果判定电流模式为连续电流模式，则辅助开关接通以增加开关电路的电容，从而减小主开关的最大电压，同时提高低压DC-DC转换器的可控性。
尽管已经参照特定实施例示出和描述了本发明，但是对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是，在不脱离由以下权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对本发明进行各种修改和改变。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器，包括：
开关电路，其包括多个电容器和多个开关，并将高压电池输出的高电压转换为AC电压；
变压器，其将所述开关电路输出的AC电压转换为低电压；
电流传感器，其测量从所述变压器输出的电流值；以及
控制器，其将所述电流传感器测量的电流值与参考值进行比较，以判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式，并依照判定结果，控制所述多个开关中的一个开关接通或断开。
2.如权利要求1所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，所述开关电路包括：第一电容器、第二电容器、第一开关、第二开关以及辅助开关。
3.如权利要求2所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，所述第一电容器和所述第二电容器彼此并联连接，并且所述第二电容器和所述辅助开关彼此串联连接。
4.如权利要求2所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，如果所述电流传感器测量的电流值等于或小于所述参考值，则所述控制器判定所述电流模式为非连续电流模式并控制所述辅助开关断开。
5.如权利要求4所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，如果所述辅助开关断开，则所述开关电路的电容器的电容减小。
6.如权利要求2所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，如果所述电流传感器测量的电流值超过所述参考值，则所述控制器判定所述电流模式为连续电流模式并控制所述辅助开关接通。
7.如权利要求6所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，如果所述辅助开关接通，则所述开关电路的电容器的电容增加。
8.如权利要求1所述的低压DC-DC转换器，进一步包括：
辅助电路，其包括：配置为包括多个二极管的整流器；以及配置为包括电感器和电容器的电感器-电容器(LC)滤波器单元。
9.如权利要求8所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，所述整流器对所述变压器输出的电流进行整流。
10.如权利要求8所述的低压DC-DC转换器，其特征在于，所述LC滤波器单元使所述整流器整流的电流平滑化，并将平滑后的电流转换为DC电流。
11.一种控制用于车辆的低压DC-DC转换器的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
通过电流传感器测量变压器输出的电流值；
通过将测量的电流值与参考值进行比较，由控制器判定电流模式是连续电流模式还是非连续电流模式；以及
依照判定结果，通过所述控制器控制开关电路中的一个开关接通或断开。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，在控制所述一个开关的步骤中，如果判定结果为所述测量的电流值等于或小于所述参考值，则判定所述电流模式为非连续电流模式并且使所述开关电路中的一个开关断开。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，在控制所述一个开关的步骤中，如果判定结果为所述测量的电流值超过所述参考值，则判定所述电流模式为连续电流模式并且使所述开关电路中的一个开关接通。
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