CN110215474A - 一种活血化瘀中药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种活血化瘀中药组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种沙棘‑活血丹联用协同增效活血化瘀功效的中药组合物,沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物的质量比优选为1∶(0.5~2)。本发明还提供了采用该中药组合物制备而成的活血化瘀制剂。与沙棘提取物、活血丹提取物单独使用相比,沙棘提取物与活血丹提取物配伍对血瘀证大鼠的血液流变学异常的改善作用更好,二者产生协同增效,两者配伍降低血液粘度作用、活血化瘀作用有增强的趋势。本发明的活血化瘀中药组合物具有降低血液粘度、疏通血液微循环的作用,且该中药组合物疗效确切、见效快、使用方便、无毒副作用,为开发一种新型降低血液粘度的活血化瘀中药组合物奠定基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种沙棘-活血丹提取物的中药组合物,及采用该中药组合物在制备降低血液粘度方面的中药产品中的用途。
背景技术
“瘀,积血也”。瘀血是由于血液运行不畅而阻滞于血脉之中,或溢出血脉之外,凝聚而成的病理产物。产生后的瘀血又可成为一些疾病的致病因素,导致许多新的病证,统称为血瘀证。
国内有关中医血瘀症与活血化瘀治疗的研究表明,各种血瘀证患者多有血液黏度和血液流变性的异常,其中多数病例表现为血液黏度增高和流变性降低,活血化瘀药能够对血瘀证中各生理指标异常进行改善,如抗血小板聚集、抗凝血、降低血黏度,改善微循环,改善血液动力学,改善机体免疫功能等,以达到治疗血瘀证的目的。目前血液黏度已可以作为血瘀症的客观指标。
中医动物模型的研究始于1960年,经过40年的不懈努力,已趋成熟。就目前血瘀证动物模型的造模方法来说,大体可分两类。一是根据中医“血瘀证”的病因病机建立的动物模型,如寒凝血瘀动物模型等;一是根据血瘀证研究中发现的病理生理异常而制作的血瘀证模型,如组织增生变性型血瘀动物模型等。血“得温则行,逢寒则凝”,寒凝血脉是血瘀形成的主要原因之一,已有很多文献报道通过建立寒凝血瘀动物模型,利用血液流变学、微循环、血液凝固等客观指标评价建模是否成功,进而给药后评价药物改善血液流变学等客观指标来评价药物的活血化瘀作用。
沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.是一种药食同源植物,有止咳祛痰,消食化滞,活血散瘀等功效,用于咳嗽痰多、消化不良、食积腹痛、跌扑瘀肿、瘀血经闭。沙棘果和油具有很高的药用价值,可降低胆固醇,治愈心绞痛等作用,还有防治冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的作用;有祛痰、止咳、平喘和治疗慢性气管炎的作用;能治疗胃和十二指肠溃疡以及消化不良等,对慢性浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、结肠炎等病症疗效显著;对烧伤、烫伤、刀烧、冻伤有很好的治疗作用;对妇女宫颈糜烂有良好的治疗效果。
活血丹收载于《中华本草》、《中药大辞典》等中药典籍中,全草可入药,别称:遍地香、地钱儿、钹儿草、连钱草、铜钱草、乳香藤等。唇形科活血丹属活血丹,能使小便变为酸性,而使存在于碱性条件下的结石溶解。能够利湿通淋;清热解毒;散瘀消肿。可用于治疗:淋石淋;湿热黄疸;疮痈肿痛;跌仆损伤。
目前未出现沙棘和活血丹联用的相关报道,两者是否可以联用,两者联用活血化瘀作用是否具有协同增效作用,鲜有人对此进行研究。本申请发明人对沙棘和活血丹联用的活血化瘀作用可行性进行了大量的实验,优化配比,以期能将沙棘的活血化瘀功效及活血丹的活血化瘀作用互补,产生协同增效的作用,为开发一种新型的天然药物来源的活血化瘀药奠定基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于研究沙棘、活血丹这两种中药的活血化瘀联用作用,提供一种活血化瘀的中药组合物,及采用该中药组合物制成的药物制剂等,实现两种中药的活血化瘀作用的互补,产生协同增效的作用,为开发一种新型的天然药物来源的活血化瘀药奠定基础。
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种活血化瘀的中药组合物,其组分包括沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物,两种中药提取物的活血化瘀作用产生协同增效的作用。优选地,所述沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物的质量比为1∶(0.25~2)。进一步优选地,所述沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物的质量比为1∶0.25、1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种活血化瘀中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,本发明第一个方面提供的中药组合物中沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物都为水提取物,都是通过水提取药材得到的水提物干燥后的固体粉末,提取方法可以为煎煮法,回流提取法等。
本发明的第三个方面是提供一种减低血液粘度的活血化瘀中药制剂,所述中药制剂的活性成分包括本发明第一个方面提供的中药组合物,或者包括采用本发明第二个方面提供的制备方法制得的中药活性成分。本发明中,所述药物制剂可以根据实际需要为粉剂、膏剂、凝胶剂、丸剂、液体制剂等。根据具体剂型的需要,所述药物制剂还可以包括药学上可接受的辅料。复配所用的其他中药提取物可为常用中药提取物(水提物或醇提物),如红花提取物、川芎提取物、桂枝提取物、五加皮提取物、积雪草提取物、夏枯草提取物、青皮提取物、橘核提取物、郁金提取物、三棱提取物等。
本发明沙棘提取物与活血丹提取物配伍后对血瘀证大鼠的血液流变学异常的具有更好的改善作用,与沙棘提取物、活血丹提取物单独使用相比,降低血液粘度改善血流变异常的活血化瘀作用有增强的趋势。二者产生协同增效作用,为开发一种新型的天然药物来源的活血化瘀药物奠定基础。
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明效果做进一步说明:
实施例1~7:制备中药组合物
取干燥的沙棘果药材粉碎过筛,加入8-10倍量的水浸泡,再热回流提取2个小时,得到的提取液减压浓缩得到的固体干燥后的固体粉末即得沙棘水提取物固体粉末。
取干燥的活血丹药材粉碎过筛,加入8-10倍量的水浸泡,再热回流提取2个小时,得到的提取液减压浓缩得到的固体干燥后的固体粉末即得活血丹水提取物固体粉末。
中药组合物组样品配制:实施例1~7中沙棘水提物与活血丹水提物的重量比为1∶0、0∶1、1∶0.25、1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2和1∶4。
实施例8:沙棘和活血丹活血化瘀增效作用研究
沙棘和活血丹活血化瘀增效作用研究采用寒凝血瘀动物模型,考察用药后药物降低血液粘度改善血液流变学等客观指标来进行药效评价。
1 仪器与材料
全自动血液流变分析仪;实验动物SD大鼠,雄性,体重200g左右;盐酸肾上腺素注射液,规格1 mg/ml,临用前用生理盐水配制成适宜浓度备用;负压肝素储血管,生理盐水;乌来糖溶液(麻醉剂);复方丹参片。
2 方法
2.1 样品配制
阳性对照药溶液配制:复方丹参片,按复方丹参片的说明书人的剂量每天9片,每片0.32g,设定2.88g/d为成人剂量,标准体质量成人(a)乘以60kg计,大鼠(b)以200g计,由成人换算成大鼠每天用药剂量(mg/kg)为:2.88g/60kg×6.25=0.3g/kg,按每只大鼠每千克体质量给药体积10ml算,0.2kg大鼠每天灌胃给药2ml,复方丹参片混悬液的质量浓度应为30.0g/L (mg/ml)。因此取复方丹参片捣碎,加纯化水溶解制成质量浓度为30.0 g/L的混悬液,为阳性组药液,按每只大鼠每千克体质量给药体积10ml算,0.2kg大鼠每天灌胃给药2ml。
《中华本草》建议活血丹用量每天为15-30g,每种药材设定30g为成人剂量,中药提取物的提取率约为20%,提取物为6g,标准体质量成人乘以60kg计,大鼠以200g计,由成人换算成大鼠每天用药剂量(g/kg)为:6g/60kg×6.25=0.625g/kg,按每只大鼠每千克体质量给药体积10ml算,0.2kg大鼠每天灌胃给药2ml,药物组的质量浓度应为62.5g/L (mg/ml)。沙棘为药食同源中药,因此比较安全,设定30g为成人剂量,因此浓度也设定为62.5g/L。
按比例混匀的中药组合物组(药物组1-7),取药物组各样品粉末,分别加纯化水溶解制成质量浓度为62.5g/L的水溶液。各药物组均按照每只大鼠每千克体质量给药体积10ml算,0.2kg大鼠每天灌胃给药2ml。
2.2 实验动物分组、造模及给药
参考文献进行造模及给药,取大鼠100只,随机分为10组,每组10只,即空白组、模型组、阳性对照组(复方丹参片)、实施例组1-7。给药组均按0.625g/kg给与相应的中药复合物,空白组和模型组按相同剂量给与生理盐水。给药组按比例混合后粉末用蒸馏水稀释,每天灌胃,连续14d,第14d灌胃1h后,除空白组外,其余各组均腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素0.8mg/kg。6h后再次注射相同剂量的肾上腺素。两次注射之间置于 2℃冰水浴中游泳 5 min,禁食不禁水。
造模后,第15d一大早腹腔注射乌来糖溶液(质量分数为20%)5ml/kg,待大鼠麻醉后腹主动脉取血5ml于含肝素钠的真空采血管中,反复颠倒5~6次混匀,送检。
2.3 血液流变学指标的检测
用全自动血液流变分析仪检测全血黏度、红细胞比积、红细胞各项指数、血浆黏度等指标。
2.4 统计学方法
应用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行组间均数统计,并采用t检验分析。
3 结果
3.1模型组指标分析
由表1可知,模型对照组所有切变率下全血黏度、血浆黏度及红细胞压积指标明显高于其他各组。模型对照组与空白对照组相比,各切变率下全血黏度均差异显著或极显著(P<0.01或P<0. 05),该结果显示血瘀模型大鼠造模成功。
3.2 对模型大鼠血流变的影响
由表1可知,全血粘度, 空白组、阳性组、实施例1~7与模型组比差异显著或者极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),说明实施例1~7都可改变大鼠血流变异常的现象,都具有一定的活血化瘀功效;血浆黏度值, 空白组、阳性组、实施例3~6与模型组比差异显著(P<0.05);红细胞压积,空白组、阳性组、实施例3~6与模型组比差异显著(P<0.05)。
进一步分析,实施例3~6组全血粘度、血浆黏度值和红细胞压积低于实施例1~2(P<0.05,具有显著性差异),实施例1~2分别为单用沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物组,说明沙棘提取物与活血丹1∶0.25、1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2配伍比例联合使用比单独给与大鼠沙棘提取物、活血丹提取物更能降低血液粘度、改善血瘀症大鼠的血流变异常的现象,具有较单独应用沙棘提取物、活血丹提取物具有更强的活血化瘀作用。
3.3 对模型大鼠全血还原黏度和相对黏度的影响
由表2可见,全血高、低切还原黏度和全血高、低切相对黏度4个指标,空白组、阳性组、实施例1~7均低于模型组;其中全血高切还原黏度、全血低切还原黏度和全血低切相对黏度,各组与模型组相比差异显著或差异极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果显示实施例1~7都可改变大鼠血流变异常的现象,都具有一定的活血化瘀功效。
进一步分析,实施例3~6组全血高切还原黏度、全血低切还原黏度和全血低切相对黏度低于实施例1~2(P<0.05,具有显著性差异),实施例1~2分别为单用沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物组,说明沙棘提取物与活血丹1∶0.25、1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2配伍比例联合使用比单独给与大鼠沙棘提取物、活血丹提取物更能改善血瘀症大鼠的血流变异常现象,具有较单独应用沙棘提取物、活血丹提取物具有更强的活血化瘀作用。
实施例9:
称取实施例3与淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠等常规辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为2%的片剂。
实施例10:
称取实施例4与卡波姆、甘油等常规辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为2%的凝胶。
实施例11:
称取实施例5与硬脂酸、白凡士林、羊毛脂等常规辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为2%的乳膏剂。
实施例12:
称取实施例6与蜂蜜、淀粉等常规辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为2%的丸剂。
实施例13:
称取实施例3与聚丙烯酸酯共聚物等常规辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为2%的喷剂。
实施例14:
称取沙棘水提取物、活血丹水提取物、红花水提取物、川芎水提取物、桂枝水提取物、五加皮醇提取物按照比例1:1:3:3:2:2混匀,与艾叶油(月见草油,玫瑰精油)等常规精油辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为5%的精油产品。
实施例15:
称取沙棘水提取物、活血丹水提取物、积雪草醇提取物、夏枯草水提取物、青皮水提取物、橘核水提取物、郁金水提取物、三棱水提取物按照比例1:1:1:2:2:2:2:2混匀,与常规辅料按照常规工艺,制成中药组合物浓度为10%的乳膏产品或霜剂。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种活血化瘀中药组合物及其在制备降低血液粘度中药产品中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其组分由沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物制备组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物的质量比为1∶(0.25~2)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,进一步优选地,所述沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物的质量比为1∶0.25、1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2。
5.根据权利要求1~4所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,中药组合物中沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物,这两种提取物都为水提取物,其制备方法如下:两种药材分别干燥粉碎后加入8-10倍量的水浸泡,热回流提取,提取液减压浓缩后的提取物干燥得到的固体粉末分别为沙棘提取物和活血丹提取物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于所述的中药剂型为权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的中药组合物作为活性成分和常用辅料配制成成药用制剂允许的任意一种剂型;或者作为活性成分和其他中药提取物以及常用辅料配制成制剂上允许的任意一种剂型;所述药物制剂包括药学上可接受的辅料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于所述的剂型可以是片剂、凝胶、乳膏剂、丸剂或喷剂等。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于所用的辅料可以采用所述剂型常用辅料,复配所用的其他中药提取物可为常用中药提取物(水提物或醇提物),如红花提取物、川芎提取物、桂枝提取物、五加皮提取物、积雪草提取物、夏枯草提取物、青皮提取物、橘核提取物、郁金提取物、三棱提取物等。
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