CN1102048A - Artificial breeding method for tussah silkworm chrysalis - Google Patents

Abstract

The tussah silkworm chrysalis enriches the nutrients of the silkworm trhroughout its life, and richly contains 18 amino acids and several trace elements, so that it is a high-protein low-fat insect nutrient food, but its processing and edibility are limited by its tough and smooth shell. Said invention solves the problem of artificial softening of chrysalis shell, and implements the tussah silkworm chrysalis series food processing. The invented method is that the silkworm cocoon is cut open, and the silkworm is taken out, and then a necessary technological process including sterilizing, warming-moistening and ventilating is used for controlling the formation of chrysalis body tissue and chemical components which are unfavorable for processing, edibility and digestion, and after several doys, it is passed through the process of artificial deshelling, and can be made into the invented product.

Description

Artificial breeding method for tussah silkworm chrysalis

One, the technology of the present invention category:

The invention belongs to tussah chrysalis and grow the BIOLOGICAL CONTROL technology that forms.

Two, prior art:

Through looking into Chinese materials such as " silkworm industry science ", " silkworm industry digest ", " foreign agriculture ", " food processing ", foreign language datum such as " silk science and technologies ", have about utilizing the report of tussah chrysalis processing pupa powder, pupal fat, compound amino acid, do not see the report that has tussah chrysalis how to remove the peel, soften, reduce relevant the technology of the present invention such as pupa skin chitin, albuminate content.

Three, Fa Ming purpose:

Tussah chrysalis contains 18 seed amino acids and multiple micro elements needed by human, is human comparatively ideal high protein, low fat insect nutraceutical, and the custom of edible tussah chrysalis involves all tussah production areas in recent years.But, make the consumption of tussah chrysalis produce significant limitation because the special tectonic of tussah chrysalis skin and chemical composition are unfavorable for processing, edible.

The tussah chrysalis body wall is made of basement membrane (innermost layer directly contacts with hemolymph in the body cavity), skin corium, epidermal area (the skin corium top is formed by the dermal cell secretion).Epidermal area divides three layers of endepidermis, exocuticle, epicuticle again, and interior exocuticle all contains chitin, and epicuticle contains cured matter layer.Chitin is a kind of nitrogenous polysaccharide material, structure like fibrous element, organic solvents such as water insoluble, diluted acid, diluted alkaline, alcohol, ether; The protein that contains in the epidermis was under polyacid and oxidase and molecular oxygen effect up to more than 100 ℃ in molten o'clock of the lipid material of cured matter layer, generation is tanned and is turned usefulness into, the protein molecule side chain is bound up, becomes albuminate, even form hard sclerotin albumen.These materials are unfavorable for that promptly human consumption absorbs, again because of its tough and tensile smooth, saturating property, poor adherence, be unfavorable for that the condiment flavor infiltrates in the pupa and the processing of multiple style, influence is chewed, mouthfeel and appetite.In addition, silkworm is an ectoskeleton insect animal, and body wall flesh, nerve fiber link to each other with epidermis, body wall directly adheres to, supports the internal organs tissue, and edible peeling is difficulty quite, does not still have soft and soggyization of pupa aspect report at present both at home and abroad, China's silkworm district practice among the people is: 1. tear the pupa skin, extrude content; 2. boil, freezing, strip off the skin; Spue when 3. eating or skin is gulped down skin, these i.e. inconvenience, and are unbecoming again, more can not realize suitability for industrialized production, and lose a large amount of effective nutrient components.

Purpose of the present invention is to make tussah chrysalis not produce the epidermis with above-mentioned bad proterties, is convenient to the edible processing of several different methods, strengthen mouthfeel, reduce nutritive loss, realize the suitability for industrialized production of edible tussah chrysalis, for the mankind provide new insect health-care nutritional food source-tussah silkworm chrysalis and series of products thereof.

Four, Fa Ming content

1, principle:

The pernyi larvae of weaving silk after cocooing is grown pupa, has carried out fierce organ-tissue and has improved to form and change, and has roughly experienced the silkworm body systole phase, silkworm body elongating stage, the pupal cell phase of expansion, pupa skin are hardened painted phase four-stage.

The silkworm body systole phase: five make aging pernyi larvae, weaving silk cocoons finishes, discharge the main liquid that contains calcium urate and calcium oxalate from anus, health shortens gradually thereupon, becomes certain interval with the cocoon hull shape, body wall hardness, elasticity, supporting force increase, silkworm body transfixion enters the preproduction phase before organ-tissue decomposes improvement, and this phase, relative elapsed-time standards was longer, silkworm body mechanical-physical to external world influences the endurance better resistance, is transportation, the cold root of Dahurian angelica, cuts open the cocoon optimal period.

Silkworm body elongation (expansions) phase: the silkworm body extends gradually, and deliquescing is unsuitable for the organ-tissue of adult stage needs, as simple eye, abdominal foot etc., begins to dissociate; The organ-tissue of adult takes place gradually and has formed simultaneously; The disappearance of dissociating of hard sericterium; Digestive tract shrinks, and forms the pupa stomach, and the body wall dermal cell increases, new and old epidermis separates, be full of decortication liquid therebetween, at protease, under the chitinase effect, old subcuticle material is dissolved, its nutriment is again by the silkworm bulk absorption, and residue epidermal area (exocuticle, epicuticle) is thin soft, is yellowish green coloured paper shape, wrapping up in the old epidermis of silkworm body that expands, can manually take off.

The pupal cell systole phase: organ-tissues such as adult compound eye, pereiopoda, wing basically form, see through the visible masked pupa attitude of silkworm epidermis, under body fluid hydraulic pressure and the effect of body wall flesh, the contraction that belly has joint to gather is upheld, slough old skin whereby, when the old skin of third and fourth uromere took off to the pupa tail, the old skin of chest to the spalling of calvarium ditch, was sloughed whole old epidermis by waving friction from dorsal line again.

Body wall hardens the painted phase: after masked pupa is taken off old epidermis, synthetic and tanning of protein such as the chitin in the new epidermal area, cured matter, pigment deposition effect aggravate, epidermis by the abdomen back of the body, thoracic dorsal to belly wing harden rapidly, painted (black or yellowish-brown), the link compactness, unnecessary physiology moisture content in the body that scatters and disappears.

The present invention utilizes biotechnology exactly, by imposing suitable temperature and humidity condition, the growth of control silkworm prepupal period, manually peel in good time or control it and peel naturally in the pupal cell systole phase, before the painted sclerosis in end of pupa skin, the utilization physical means stops silkworm chrysalis and grows, and makes the tussah silkworm chrysalis that possesses the purpose proterties, and is processed into tussah silkworm chrysalis condensed food (angle's pupa series food).

Working condition and main tool equipment:

Outdoor rearing of tussah silkworms amount that need be enough is led to silkworm district communications and transportation facility, and will there be the temperature and humidity control condition in raising chamber, and freezing equipment is arranged, and big mouth is moulded bucket (or vat), bamboo tray for raising silkworms (or yarn dish), scissors (or cutting the cocoon device), a cocoon basket, boiled pupa pot etc.

Method step:

1, selects silkworm nest cocoon

When putting five in the open air in a suitable place to breed when making tussah see cocoon, the grown silkworm burst of the ripe degree unanimity of hanking moves into nest cocoon field, rejects sick and weak silkworm, is convenient to pluck the cocoon management in good time, avoids flacherie to overflow saliva.

2, pluck and select silkworm

When cocoon 10% is seen in nest cocoon field, generally pluck a light defective cocoon, plucked one time cocoon thereafter every 3-4 days, note protecting leaf with plucking with taking off.In time reject the mashed cocoon of oil,, temporary in the place, cool place by at the cocoon of weaving silk, grouting cocoon, the thin stand of dry pulp cocoon layer 2-3.

3, receive cocoon

Cocoon after plucking choosing, just dry pulp (silkworm body systole phase) can be adorned the basket transportation, is advisable with the 15-20 kilogram for every basket, and basket is high must not to surpass 30 centimetres, and lid be arranged up and down, is convenient to carrying, avoids the crush injury silkworm, and the fortune cocoon should be sooner or later or avoid high temperature night.

4, refrigeration cocoon

Cocoon after transporting back, the basket that in time fall are selected crush injury, the mashed cocoon of oil, and the thin stand of good cocoon layer 2-4 is in freezer cocoon bed (bamboo tray for raising silkworms) or spread preservation greatly, requires storehouse temperature 6-10 ℃, relative temperature 65-75%, and ventilation keeps air fresh.Refrigeration is no more than a week.

5, cut open cocoon

Cultivate the workshop needs according to tender pupa,, cut open, take out silkworm, reject the disease silkworm cocoon in the freezer or the cocoon directly transported back.The most handy scissors was cut another then to the cocoon afterbody along long by cocoon base of a fruit base portion one side when cuing open cocoon, and grasped and cut open cocoon in the silkworm body systole phase, prevented to cut and hindered silkworm, and will put in storage earlier earlier and cut open, and how many how many same day outbound cutd open, and can not overstock outside the storehouse, prevented to pupate in the cocoon.

6, sterilization

The naked silkworm that do not pupate that has just cut is dipped in 1% formaldehyde fumigant liquid 1 minute, pulls the control solid carbon dioxide out, send into culturing room.

7, tender pupa is cultivated

With the naked silkworm in sterilization back or cut the cocoon of not pouring out silkworm open, divide in raising chamber on bamboo tray for raising silkworms or the yarn dish only accurate stand one deck, put 10 kilograms approximately for every square metre, room temperature 18-24 ℃, relative temperature 75-85%, naked silkworm dignity should keep diffuse light, is beneficial to observe the variation of pupal cell look.All apparatus will be scrubbed sterilization with 1% bleaching powder before use, and raising chamber will have the people on duty round the clock, rejects sick and weak silkworm at any time.

8, tender pupa letter sorting and artificial decortication

After naked silkworm enters the growth chamber, began to pupate successively, peel through 2-3 days approximately.(pupal cell expands the later stage will in time to sort out masked pupa, new and old epidermis has formed absciss layer), tender pupa (has just been taken off old skin, not entering the pupa skin hardens the painted phase), pupa (the ill pupa of peeling partly, belly pupa attitude, cephalothorax still is the larva attitude), according to room temperature and silkworm rate of development difference, once every letter sorting in 1-2 hour.Nobody picks as night, room temperature be reduced to below 12 ℃, but must not be lower than 8 ℃, and the time is no more than 6 hours.As not lowering the temperature, form tender pupa continuation growth again and be ripe pupa, pupal cell hardening; As temperature cross low or temperature fall time long, silkworm is subjected to high/low-temperature impact, nerve problems, the secretion of influence decortication material, the easy generation pupa of partly peeling, even bring out flacherie.

Masked pupa will in time manually be peeled after collecting.Method: gently pinch the beginning shell along the calvarium ditch, rub with the hands along chest abdomen dorsal line and open old epidermis, separate to both sides, gently extract valve gland, anal gland, all pull down old epidermis, it is top grade to get tender pupa.

9, pupa killing

Tender pupa will in time kill it before case-hardening is painted after collecting, and stops growing.

(1) having one's hair waved method: tender pupa is directly dropped into more than 80 ℃ in the hot water, scald and deadly pull out to motionless (about 1 minute).

(2) quick freezing: the environment of tender pupa being put into-5 ℃ of following temperature rapidly is till death freezing.

(3) vapor method: tender pupa is packed in the ventilative container, send into the steam of temperature more than 80 ℃, kill silkworm chrysalis.

(4) water-boiling method: boil heating in the tender pupa input water, the water initial temperature should avoid tender pupa to continue to grow more than 40 ℃.Can directly put into condiment in the water, carry out tender pupa shortening processing.

10, tender pupa series processing anti-corrosive fresh-keeping

After tender pupa kills, in time carry out series processing, prevent putrid and deterioratedly, keep the fresh and tender local flavor of silkworm chrysalis lasting, prolong and preserve selling period.

(1) flood stain:, add Chinese prickly ash, aniseed, ginger simultaneously and boil than the preparation strong brine with 1: 10 salt solution, the cool tender pupa that immerses that dries in the air, the sealing splendid attire, low temperature is preserved.

(2) freezing: as tender pupa to be placed environment below 0 ℃, freezing preservation.

(3) refrigeration: collect the back without the tender pupa that kills, move into rapidly in the 0-4 ℃ of environment, survived for two weeks.

(4) cook: will grab with the egg starch slurry and protect through flooding the tender pupa of stain, be invested in 8 fens heat oil pots, friedly pull out to yellow maturity.

11, waste disposal

The silkworm that dies of illness is handled:

(1) in cuing open cocoon and tender pupa artificial culture process, collect and die of illness silkworm, pupa in Plastic Drum, it is all rotten to corpse to ferment through 15-24 ℃ of temperature;

(2) in putrefaction of dead body thing, convert water (1: 10), after stirring homogenate, clarifying, get the supernatant filtered through gauze, 2500 rev/mins of centrifugations, 15 minutes, remove supernatant, take off a layer sediment (being rich in polyhedrosis virus, microsporidian, various insects pathogen) bottling (amber glass bottle), lucifuge normal temperature is preserved, as biological insecticides, the control agriculture and forestry injurious insect.

(3) the corrupt silkworm corpse oven dry of will fermenting is pulverized, and crosses sieve on the 10th, and packing is made flower nutrition fertilizer and ant is propagated feed artificially.

Silkworm sloughs off processing:

With the old epidermis that masked pupa is taken off, concentrate and dry in the shade, packed in cases, aeration-drying is preserved, and is medicine chemical material.

Five, Fa Ming effect

The tussah silkworm chrysalis that the present invention cultivates is compared with commercially available tussah chrysalis in the past, and the pupa skin is thin 4/5ths, is unfavorable in the pupa skin that the chitin of chewing, digesting, cured matter, denatured protein content reduce more than 90%; Pupa stomach, pupa are soft and soggy tender, easily digest and assimilate; Be convenient to several different methods culinary art processing, mouthfeel is suitable, and unique flavor whets the appetite, and is nutritious; Application the inventive method is cultivated tussah silkworm chrysalis, and the back of can avoiding pupating is dead, improves the pupa rate more than 15%, and the bright cocoon of per kilogram gets tender pupa 750-850 and restrains, and reduces to form puparium and edible middle nutritive loss 5%; Realize suitability for industrialized production, enlarge edible tussah chrysalis producing and selling amount, satisfy the demand of domestic and international market, promote the development of tussah industry the tussah insect food.

Six, embodiment

The best embodiment of the present invention is: in small towns, silkworm district that outdoor rearing of tussah silkworms is concentrated or village, village, set up tender pupa processing stand, adopt the water-boiling method pupa killing, flood the stain back directly supply the market sell or be transported to food processing factory, carry out the tussah silkworm chrysalis series food and process.

Seven, accompanying drawing

The artificial culturing method process chart of tussah silkworm chrysalis.

Claims (3)

1, the artificial culturing method of tussah silkworm chrysalis

It is characterized in that:

(1), the bright silk cocoon of will not pupate is preserved standby in 6-10 ℃ of environment;

(2), cuing open cocoon takes out (or not taking out) with silkworm and exposes in suitable temperature and humidity condition and pupate;

(3), grow the pupal cell systole phase when silkworm, artificial or slough old skin voluntarily by silkworm,

(4), before pupa skin sclerosis is painted (pupa abdomen, chest, the equal milky white of wing portion or light green), by thermal treatment or cold treatment, kill silkworm chrysalis rapidly, obtain the big material of tussah silkworm chrysalis.

2, tussah silkworm chrysalis (angle's pupa) series food process technology

It is characterized in that:

With the tussah silkworm chrysalis is main material, by flooding stain, PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as fries, and is processed into the high utmost point nutraceutical of various local flavors, shape.

3, utilize silkworm corpse processing biological insecticides, flower nutrition fertilizer technology

It is characterized in that:

With the silkworm that dies of illness, pupa is raw material, and through fermentation, water stirs centrifugation, and oven dry etc. are processed into flower nutrition fertilizer and are rich in the biological insecticides of polyhedrosis virus, microsporidian and various insects bacterial parasite.

Images