CN110194402B

CN110194402B - Elevator safety device

Info

Publication number: CN110194402B
Application number: CN201810161273.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨银国; 徐若育; 冯洋; 倪云浩
Original assignee: Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevator Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevator Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-02-27
Filing date: 2018-02-27
Publication date: 2021-03-16
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-27
Also published as: CN110194402A

Abstract

The invention discloses four elevator safety devices, when a lifting body descends due to unexpected exceeding of a specified speed, a brake body is pressed on a guide rail, a braking force is generated through relative sliding of the brake body and the guide rail to decelerate the lifting body until the lifting body stops, when the braking force increases due to the reduction of the speed and other reasons, the magnitude of positive pressure can be automatically controlled, when the braking force exceeds the specified speed, the pressure of an elastic body is transmitted to a frame, the braking force is continuously adjusted in a large range, even if the friction coefficient increases due to the reduction of the speed in the braking process, the braking force can be automatically kept at the specified value, the braking deceleration is kept approximately constant, the impact on passengers is reduced, and the risk that the passengers are accidentally injured is reduced.

Description

Elevator safety device

Technical Field

The invention relates to an elevator control technology, in particular to an elevator safety device.

Background

When the elevator exceeds speed due to accidents, the elevator safety device brakes a car or a counterweight, and in the national standard of the elevator, the average deceleration of the car or the counterweight carrying rated load during braking is required to be 0.2 g-1.0 g, but the braking force of the safety device is not constant, and is related to the friction coefficient and the positive pressure. Generally progressive safety devices apply a positive pressure to a braking element by means of an elastic element, the friction of which with the guide rail generates a braking force, but the coefficient of friction is related to the speed, generally increasing with decreasing speed. Therefore, in the process of braking the car, the speed is smaller and the friction coefficient is larger and larger as the car is braked, and under the condition that the positive pressure is constant, the braking force is larger and larger, the braking deceleration is larger and larger, and sometimes the maximum deceleration can reach 2-3 times of the average deceleration. The excessive deceleration brings discomfort to passengers and even produces accidental injury, and brings difficulty to the design of a safety device, in order to ensure safety, a car component and the safety device must be designed according to the maximum stress, so that the elevator is relatively heavy in design and high in cost, meanwhile, the relation between the average deceleration and the maximum deceleration must be considered when the braking force is initially adjusted and set, the requirement of national standards on the average deceleration is met, great difficulty is brought to designers, a proper setting method must be found through a large number of tests, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to be invested.

In the prior art of the safety device, an elastic body presses a brake body on a guide rail to slide to generate braking force, the positive pressure on the brake body is constant, but when the friction coefficient changes due to the change of the speed of a car or a counterweight, the braking force can only change along with the change, and cannot be adjusted. Or a complex mode is needed when the adjustment is carried out, for example, a hydraulic control method is adopted in an adjustment mode disclosed in patent cn01139661.x, and the structure is complex.

Chinese patent application No. CN201510537341.7 discloses an automatic braking force adjusting device, in which an elastic body is divided into a first elastic element and a second elastic element, the elastic force generated by the second elastic element corresponds to the braking force, the elastic force generated by the first elastic element corresponds to the positive pressure of the braking body, the second elastic element is compressed when the braking force increases, and the deformation of the first elastic element is reduced by a reverse wedge, that is, the positive pressure of the braking body is reduced, so that the braking force is kept constant. The difficulty with this solution is that the second elastic element must be designed with a negative stiffness, which is difficult to achieve in existing constructions.

Chinese patent application No. 201410286334.X discloses an emergency braking device for an elevator, in which an elastic body is composed of a plurality of elastic bodies, and an elastic force releasing device can release the pressing force of the necessary number of elastic bodies among the plurality of elastic bodies to the braking body when the braking force becomes large, and reduce the braking force by reducing the pressing force. In order to be able to adjust smoothly over a large range, the spring body must be divided into several segments, otherwise the adjustment of the braking force is only possible to a limited extent and cannot be adjusted continuously. Segmented elastomers also add complexity to the manufacture and fabrication and are not suitable for disc spring, coil spring style safety devices.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an elevator safety device, which can continuously adjust the braking force in a large range, automatically keep the braking force at a specified value and keep the braking deceleration almost constant.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an elevator safety device, which comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4, a limiting wedge block 5 and an adjusting wedge block 6, wherein the first elastic body is a hollow cylinder;

the frame 1 is used for being installed on a lifting body guided by a guide rail 91 arranged in a lifting channel, and the guide rail 91 is positioned in the middle position of one side of the frame 1;

the braking body 2 is hung on the lifting body and is positioned between the guide body 3 and the guide rail 91;

the brake body 2 is in a wedge shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the side close to the guide rail 91 is a brake vertical surface 2a, and the side far away from the guide rail 91 is a brake inclined surface 2 b;

the guide body 3 is arranged in the frame 1 and can move left and right along the frame 1;

the guide body 3 is provided with a guide inclined plane which is far from the upper part of the guide rail to the lower part of the guide rail at the side close to the guide rail, and a guide vertical plane at the side far from the guide rail;

the included angles of the guide inclined plane of the guide body 3, the brake inclined plane 2b of the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 are both alpha;

the vertical guide surface of the guide body 3 abuts against the side frame of the frame 1 through a first elastic body 4;

the middle of the guide body 3 is provided with a cavity which is communicated up and down;

the limiting wedge block 5 penetrates through the cavity and is fixed on the frame 1;

the limiting wedge block 5 is in a wedge shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part;

a gap is always kept between the limiting wedge 5 and the guide body 3 in the left-right movement stroke of the guide body 3 at the side close to the guide rail;

the side of the limiting wedge block 5 far away from the guide rail is a limiting inclined plane which is far away from the upper part of the guide rail and close to the lower part of the guide rail;

the adjusting wedge block 6 is arranged in the cavity and is positioned on the far guide rail side of the limiting wedge block 5;

the far guide rail side of the adjusting wedge block 6 is an adjusting vertical surface 6a, and the near guide rail side is an adjusting inclined surface 6b which is far from the upper part of the guide rail and is close to the lower part of the guide rail;

the included angles of the limiting inclined plane of the limiting wedge 5 and the adjusting inclined plane 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide rail 91 are beta, and 450 is larger than beta and larger than alpha and larger than 10;

the lower end of the brake body 2 is fixedly connected with a connector 21 which is extended to the lower part of the adjusting wedge block 6;

an adjusting screw 23 is arranged at the position of the connecting body 21 corresponding to the adjusting wedge 6;

the height of the upper end of the adjusting screw 23 is adjustable.

Preferably, in the initial state of the braking body 2, the adjusting wedge 6 is in contact with the adjusting screw 23 and can slide on the adjusting screw 23 left and right, and a gap is formed between the adjusting vertical surface 6a of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide body 3.

Preferably, the upper end of the adjusting wedge 6 is suspended on the top frame of the frame 1 through the second elastic body 40, and by means of the pulling force provided by the second elastic body 40, the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 is always tightly attached to the limiting inclined surface of the limiting wedge 5, the adjusting vertical surface 6a of the adjusting wedge 6 is attached to the guide body, and the adjusting wedge 6 is not in contact with the adjusting screw 23 in the initial state of the brake body.

Preferably, the braking body 2 has balls or rollers 18 between the braking slope 2b and the guiding slope of the guiding body 3 to reduce friction;

a ball or roller assembly 18 for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge block 6 and the limiting inclined surface of the limiting wedge block 5;

a friction reducing ball or roller assembly 18 is provided between the adjusting vertical surface 6a of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide body 3.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides another elevator safety device, which comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4, a fixed limiting plate 51, an adjusting wedge 6 and a guide wedge 31;

the guide body 3 is arranged in the frame 1 and can move left and right and up and down;

the vertical guide surface of the guide body 3 abuts against a moving body 32 which can move left and right along the frame 1;

the moving body (32) abuts against the side frame of the frame 1 through the first elastic body 4 and compressively deforms the first elastic body 4;

the fixed limiting plate 51, the adjusting wedge 6 and the guiding wedge 31 are sequentially arranged in a cavity in the middle of the guiding body 3 from near to far away from the guide rail 91;

the fixed limit plate 51 penetrates through the cavity and is vertically fixed on the frame 1;

a gap is always kept between the fixed limit plate 51 close to the guide rail and the guide body 3 in the left-right movement stroke of the guide body 3;

the guide wedge 31, its near guide rail side is the guide fixed inclined plane 31b far from the guide rail up and down, its far guide rail side is fixed on the said guiding body 3;

the side of the adjusting wedge block 6 close to the guide rail is an adjusting vertical surface, and the side far away from the guide rail is an adjusting inclined surface which is far away from the guide rail;

the included angles between the guide fixed inclined plane 31b of the guide wedge 31 and the adjusting inclined plane of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide rail 91 are beta, and the included angles are more than 45 degrees and more than beta and more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

an adjusting screw 23 is fixed at the upper frame of the frame corresponding to the upper end of the adjusting wedge 6;

the height of the lower end of the adjusting screw 23 is adjustable;

a second elastic body 40 is arranged between the upper end of the guide body 3 and the upper frame of the frame 1;

the upper end of the guide body 3 projects to the guide rail side with a projection 33.

Preferably, said guide wedge 31 is part of the guide body 3.

a ball or roller assembly for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide fixing inclined surface 31b of the guide wedge 31;

a ball or roller assembly for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting vertical surface of the adjusting wedge 6 and the fixed limit plate 51.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides another elevator safety device, which comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a reverse wedge block 61, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4, a second elastic body 40, a connecting plate 42 and a limiting body 43;

the braking body 2 is hung on the lifting body and is positioned between the reverse wedge block 61 and the guide rail 91;

the guide body 3 is arranged in the frame 1 and can move left and right along the frame;

the guide body 3 is provided with a guide inclined plane which is far from the guide rail up and down and is close to the guide rail at the side close to the guide rail, and a guide vertical plane at the side far from the guide rail;

the reverse wedge block 61 is an inverted wedge with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, is arranged between the braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2 and the guide inclined plane of the guide body 3, and can move up and down and left and right along the braking inclined plane and the guide inclined plane;

the angle between the inclined plane at the near guide rail side of the reverse wedge block 61 and the braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2 is alpha, the angle between the inclined plane at the far guide rail side and the guiding inclined plane of the guiding body 3 is beta, and the angle is more than 45 degrees and more than beta is more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

the guide vertical surface of the guide body 3 is abutted against the side, close to the guide rail, of the connecting plate 42 through the first elastic body 4;

the distal rail side of the attachment plate 42 abuts against the end of the adjusting screw 23;

the root of the adjusting screw 23 is fixed on the side frame of the frame 1;

the length of the end part of the adjusting screw 23 on the side of the guide rail is adjustable;

the limiting body 43 comprises a limiting head 431 and a limiting rod 432;

a limiting rod 432 of the limiting body 43 passes through a limiting hole on a side frame of the frame 1 to be connected and fixed to a guiding vertical surface of the guiding body 3;

the spacing exists between the limiting head 431 of the limiting body 43 and the side frame of the frame 1 in an initial state;

a second elastic body 40 is arranged between the top end of the reverse wedge block 61 and the upper frame of the frame 1;

the upper end of the reverse wedge 61 projects toward the guide rail side by a side projection 611.

Preferably, the upper end of the reverse wedge 61 is provided with an upper projection 612, and the lower end is provided with a lower projection 613;

an upper stop 11 is arranged at the position of the upper frame of the frame 1 corresponding to the upper projection 612, and a lower stop 12 is arranged at the position of the lower frame corresponding to the lower projection 613;

the upper and

lower projections

612 and 613 of the reverse wedge 61 are respectively in contact with the upper and

lower stoppers

11 and 12 of the frame 1 to restrict the reverse wedge 61 from moving toward the near rail side.

Preferably, the braking body 2 has balls or rollers between the braking slope 2b and the guide slope of the guide block 3 and the counter wedge 61 to reduce friction.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides another elevator safety device, which comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4 and an adjusting wedge block 6;

the far guide rail side of the cavity is a limiting inner inclined plane which is far from the upper part of the guide rail;

the adjusting wedge block 6 is arranged in the cavity;

the near guide rail side of the adjusting wedge block 6 is an adjusting vertical surface 6a, and the far guide rail side is an adjusting inclined surface 6b which is far from the guide rail up and down;

the upper end of the adjusting wedge block 6 is provided with an upper guide column 615, and the lower end is provided with a lower guide column 616;

the upper guide column 615 of the adjusting wedge 6 penetrates upwards into the upper guide hole of the frame 1;

the lower guide column 616 of the adjusting wedge 6 passes downwards through the lower guide hole of the frame 1;

the adjusting wedge block 6 can move up and down;

the included angles of the limiting inner inclined plane of the cavity of the guide body 3 and the adjusting inclined plane 6b of the adjusting wedge block 6 and the guide rail 91 are beta, and 450> beta > alpha > 10;

an adjusting screw 23 is arranged at the position of the connecting body 21 corresponding to the lower guide column 616 of the adjusting wedge block 6;

the height of the upper end of the adjusting screw 23 is adjustable.

and a ball or roller assembly for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge block 6 and the limiting inner inclined surface of the cavity of the guide body 3.

Preferably, the lifting body is an elevator car or a counterweight.

Preferably, the elastic body is a U-shaped plate spring, a disc spring, a spiral spring or a plate spring.

Preferably, two elevator safety devices are symmetrically installed to the lifting body corresponding to each guide rail 91.

The invention provides an elevator safety device, when an elevator car 92 or a counterweight 93 descends due to unexpected speed exceeding a specified speed, a brake body 2 is pressed on a guide rail 91, the brake force is generated through relative sliding of the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 to decelerate the car 92 or the counterweight 93 until the car stops, when the brake force increases due to speed reduction and other reasons, the magnitude of positive pressure can be automatically controlled, when the brake force exceeds the specified speed, the pressure of an elastic body is transmitted to a frame 1, thereby reducing the positive pressure of the brake body 2, the brake body 2 presses the guide rail 91 again under the action of thrust, appropriate brake force is generated, the brake force can be continuously adjusted in a large range, even if the friction coefficient increases due to speed reduction in the braking process, the brake force can be automatically kept at the specified value, the brake deceleration is kept substantially constant, and the impact on passengers is reduced, the risk that the passenger received accidental injury is reduced, the maximum value of greatly reduced elevator car part atress avoids damaging car and counter weight part to simple structure can be applicable to multiple type elastic element.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the present invention are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall construction of an elevator equipped with a safety device of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a first version of the embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a first version of the embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is an operation state diagram of a first aspect of the embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second version of the embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic front view of a second embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic front view of a third embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 10 is an operation state diagram of a third embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the elevator safety device of the present invention.

The reference numerals are explained below:

1, a frame; 2, braking the body; 2a braking the vertical surface; 2b braking the inclined plane; 3 a guide body; 4 a first elastomer; 40 a second elastomer; 5, limiting a wedge block; 6 adjusting the wedge block; 6a adjusting the vertical surface; 6b, adjusting the inclined plane; 21 a linker; 23 adjusting the screw; 51 fixing a limit plate; 31 guiding the wedge block; 32 a mobile body; 31b leading to the fixed ramp; 33 bumps; 61 reverse wedge block; 42 connecting plates; 43 a limiting body; 431 a limiting head; 432 a limit rod; 611 side projection; 612 upper bumps; 613 a lower bump; 615 a guide post; 616 lower guide posts; 11, an upper stop block; 12, a lower stop block; 91 a guide rail; 92 a car; 93 counterweight; a 94 speed limiter; 95 steel wire ropes; 96 action bars; 97 connecting rods; 18 balls or rollers.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the elevator safety device comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4, a limiting wedge 5 and an adjusting wedge 6;

the frame 1 is used for being mounted on a lifting body guided by a guide rail 91 arranged in a lifting channel, and the guide rail 91 is positioned at a position which is approximately in the middle of one side of the frame 1;

the included angles between the limiting inclined plane of the limiting wedge 5 and the adjusting inclined plane 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide rail 91 are beta, and the included angles are more than 45 degrees and more than beta and more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

the height of the upper end of the adjusting screw 23 is adjustable.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, in the initial state of the braking body 2 (i.e. the safety device of the elevator is not operated), the adjusting wedge 6 contacts the adjusting screw 23 by gravity or other external force such as spring force and can slide on the adjusting screw 23 from side to side, and there is a gap between the adjusting vertical surface 6a of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide body 3. The action process is as follows: when the speed of the car 92 or the counterweight 93 is increased due to an unexpected speed and exceeds a set value of the speed limiter 94, the speed limiter 94 acts to pull the steel wire rope 95, the brake body 2 is further pulled through the action rod 96 and the connecting rod 97, the brake body 2 rises, the brake vertical surface 2a contacts with a working surface of the guide rail 91, the brake body 2 continues to move upwards due to the action of friction force, the guide body 3 moves to a far guide rail side due to wedge-shaped reasons to compress the first elastic body 4, the elastic force is gradually increased after the first elastic body 4 is compressed, and therefore the pressure of the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 is also continuously increased, and the braking force is increased; the adjusting wedge 6 moves upwards together when the brake body 2 ascends, because the angle beta of the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 is larger than the angle alpha of the braking inclined surface 2b of the brake body 2, the transverse moving distance of the adjusting wedge 6 away from the guide rail is larger than that of the guide body 3 away from the guide rail when the same distance ascends, the gap between the adjusting vertical surface 6a of the adjusting wedge 3 and the guide body 3 is smaller and smaller, the braking force is a set value when the gap is 0 and is kept constant, and the movement of the brake body 2 is stopped. Thereafter, if the braking force is increased for some reason, the braking body 2 moves upwards, the adjusting screw 23 pushes the adjusting wedge 6 to move upwards together, so that the positive pressure of the elastic body 4 is transmitted to the frame 1 through the adjusting wedge 6 and the limiting wedge 5, the positive pressure between the braking body 2 and the guide rail 91 disappears, and the braking body 2 returns to the contact state with the guide rail 91 under the action of the adjusting wedge 6 pushing the adjusting screw 23, and the proper braking force is generated.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the upper end of the adjusting wedge 6 is suspended on the top frame of the frame 1 by a second elastic body 40, and the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 is always tightly attached to the limiting inclined surface of the limiting wedge 5 by the pulling force provided by the second elastic body 40, so that the adjusting vertical surface 6a of the adjusting wedge 6 is attached to the guide body 3, and the adjusting wedge 6 is not in contact with the adjusting screw 23 when the brake body 2 is in the initial state (the elevator safety device is not operated). The action process is as follows: when the speed of the car 92 or the counterweight 93 is increased due to an unexpected speed and exceeds a set value of the speed governor 94, the speed governor 94 operates to pull the wire rope 95, the brake body 2 is further pulled by the operating rod 96 and the connecting rod 97, the brake body 2 rises, the brake vertical surface 2a contacts the working surface of the guide rail 91, the brake body 2 continues to move upward due to the friction force, the guide body 3 moves to the far guide rail side due to the wedge-shaped reason to compress the first elastic body 4, the elastic force of the first elastic body 4 is gradually increased after the pressure is applied, the pressure of the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 is also continuously increased, the braking force is increased, and the adjusting wedge 6 moves to the far guide rail side due to the guide body 3 and moves upward under the action of the second elastic body 40, but is always tightly attached to the guide body 2 and the limiting. Since the angle β of the adjustment inclined surface 6b of the adjustment wedge 6 is greater than the angle α of the braking inclined surface 2b of the braking body 2, the upward displacement of the braking body 2 is greater and the upward displacement of the adjustment wedge 6 is smaller in the case of the same lateral displacement away from the guide rail, so that the distance between the adjustment screw 23 and the adjustment wedge 6 becomes smaller and smaller. When the distance between the adjusting screw 23 and the adjusting wedge 6 is 0, the braking force reaches the set value and remains constant, and the movement of the braking body 2 stops. If the brake body 2 moves upwards for some reason, the adjusting screw 23 pushes the adjusting wedge 6 to move upwards together, so that the positive pressure of the first elastic body 4 is transmitted to the frame 1 through the adjusting wedge 6 and the limiting wedge 5, the positive pressure between the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 disappears, and the brake body 2 returns to the state of being in contact with the guide rail 91 again under the action of the adjusting wedge 6 pushing the adjusting screw 23, and the proper brake force is generated. The distance between the adjusting wedge 6 and the adjusting screw 23 can be adjusted by the adjusting screw 23, different distances can correspond to different set forces, and the lifting distance of the braking body 2 can be controlled by changing the distance, so that the braking force and the braking deceleration can be controlled.

The elevator safety device of the first embodiment comprises a frame 1, wherein the frame 1 is arranged on a lifting body and symmetrically arranged at two sides, and a guide rail 91 is positioned at the position of the approximate middle of the frame 1; a brake body 2 is arranged on one side of the working surface of the guide rail 91, the brake body 2 is in a wedge shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, a brake vertical surface 2a is positioned on the working surface side of the guide rail 91, the lower end of the brake body 2 is fixedly connected with a connecting body 21, and an adjusting screw 23 is arranged at the far guide rail end; a guide body 3 which corresponds to the braking body 2 and can move left and right along the frame is arranged in the frame 1, the guide body 3 is in an inverted wedge shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the angle of a guide inclined plane of the guide body 3 is alpha with the angle of a braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2, and a guide vertical plane at the far guide rail side of the guide body 3 is connected with the first elastic body 4; the middle of the guide body 3 is provided with a cavity, the cavity is provided with a limiting wedge block 5 and an adjusting wedge block 6, the limiting wedge block 5 is in a wedge shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the adjusting wedge block 6 is in a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the angles of the inclined surfaces of the limiting wedge block and the adjusting wedge block are the same, beta is larger than alpha, the limiting wedge block 5 is fixedly connected with the frame 1, force can be transmitted to the frame 1 when the force is applied, a sufficient gap is always kept between the side, close to the guide rail, of the limiting wedge block 5 and the guide body 3, even if a safety device acts, the safety.

Example two

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the elevator safety device comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4, a fixed limiting plate 51, an adjusting wedge 6 and a guide wedge 31;

the moving body 32 abuts against the side frame of the frame 1 via the first elastic body 4 and compressively deforms the first elastic body 4;

the height of the lower end of the adjusting screw 23 is adjustable;

Preferably, the guide wedge 31 may be a part of the guide body 3 or may be a separate part fixedly connected to the guide body 3.

Fig. 7 is a side view of an elevator safety device according to a second embodiment, and fig. 8 is a sectional view of fig. 7, showing only a part on one side of a guide rail and symmetrically arranging the other side. In the elevator safety device of the second embodiment, the frame 1 is installed on the lifting body and symmetrically arranged at two sides, the guide rail 91 is positioned at the position approximately in the middle of the frame 1, the braking body 2 is arranged at one side of the working surface of the guide rail 91, the braking body 2 presents a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and the braking vertical surface 2a is positioned at the side of the working surface of the guide rail; the frame 1 is internally provided with a guide body 3 which can move up, down, left and right along the frame 1, the guide body 3 is in an inverted wedge shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the angle of a guide inclined plane of the guide body 3 is the same as the angle of a braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2, the other side of the guide body 3 is contacted with the moving body 32, and the upper part of the guide body 3 is provided with a second elastic body 40; the middle of the guide body 3 is provided with a cavity, a fixed limiting plate 51, an adjusting wedge 6 and a guide wedge 31 are arranged in the cavity, the adjusting wedge 6 is in a wedge shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the guide wedge 31 is in a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the angles of the inclined surfaces of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide wedge 31 are the same as beta, beta is larger than alpha, the fixed limiting plate 51 is fixedly connected with the frame 1, and force can be transmitted to the frame 1 when the force is applied; the near-rail side of the fixed stopper plate 51 always maintains a sufficient clearance from the inside of the guide body 3, and does not come into contact with the safety device even if the safety device is operated, and thus no force is generated. The distance between the top end of the adjusting wedge 6 and the lower end of the adjusting screw 23 can be adjusted, different distances can correspond to different set forces, and the ascending distance of the adjusting wedge 6 can be controlled by changing the distance, so that the braking force and the braking deceleration can be controlled.

The elevator safety device of the second embodiment has the following action process: when the speed of the car 92 or the counterweight 93 is increased due to an unexpected speed and exceeds a set value of the speed limiter 94, the speed limiter 94 acts to pull the wire rope 95, the brake body 2 is further pulled through the action rod 96 and the connecting rod 97, the brake body 2 rises, the brake vertical surface 2a contacts with a working surface of the guide rail 91, the brake body 2 continues to move upwards due to the action of friction force, and due to the wedge, the guide body 3 moves towards the far guide rail side to push the moving body 32 to compress the first elastic body 4, and simultaneously the guide body 3 moves upwards to compress the second elastic body 40. The elastic force of the first elastic body 4 is gradually increased after being pressed, so that the pressure of the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 is also continuously increased, and the braking force is increased; the adjusting wedge 6 moves downward due to the movement of the guide body 3 to the distal guide side while moving upward with the guide body 3; because the inclination angle of the adjusting wedge block 6 is larger than that of the braking body 2, under the condition that the same transverse displacement away from the guide rail is generated, the upward movement displacement of the guide body 3 is large, and the downward movement displacement of the adjusting wedge block 6 is small, so that the distance between the lower end of the adjusting screw 23 and the top end of the adjusting wedge block 6 is smaller and smaller; when the upper end of the braking body 2 contacts the upper end of the guide inclined plane of the guide body 3 and pops a lug 33 to the guide rail side, and the distance between the adjusting screw 23 and the adjusting wedge 6 is 0, the braking force reaches a set value and keeps constant, and the movement of the braking body 2 stops. Thereafter, if the braking force is increased for some reason, the braking body 2 and the guide body 3 move upward together, the adjusting screw 23 pushes the adjusting wedge 6 to move downward, so that the positive pressure of the first elastic body 4 is transmitted to the frame 1 through the adjusting wedge 6, the guide body 3 and the moving body 32, the positive pressure between the braking body 2 and the guide rail 91 disappears, and the braking body 2 returns to the state of contacting with the guide rail 91 again under the pushing force of the adjusting wedge 6, and the proper braking force is generated.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the elevator safety device comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a reverse wedge 61, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4, a second elastic body 40, a connecting plate 42 and a limiting body 43;

the brake body 2 is in a wedge shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the side close to the guide rail 91 is a brake vertical surface 2a, and the side far away from the guide rail is a brake inclined surface 2 b;

the angle between the inclined plane at the near guide rail side of the reverse wedge block 61 and the braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2 is the same as alpha, the angle between the inclined plane at the far guide rail side and the guiding inclined plane of the guiding body 3 is the same as beta, and 450> beta > alpha > 10;

the root of the adjusting screw 23 is fixed on the side frame of the frame 1;

the limiting body 43 comprises a limiting head 431 and a limiting rod 432;

the upper and

lower projections

lower stoppers

Preferably, the braking body 2 has balls or rollers 18 between the braking ramp 2b and the guide ramp of the guide block 3 and the counter wedge 61 to reduce friction.

Fig. 9 is a side view of the elevator safety device of the third embodiment, and fig. 10 is a schematic view of a braking state thereof. In the elevator safety device of the third embodiment, the frame 1 is installed on the elevator lifting body and symmetrically arranged on two sides, the guide rail 91 is positioned at the position approximately in the middle of the frame 1, the braking body 2 is arranged on one side of the working surface of the guide rail 91, the braking body 2 is in a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the braking vertical surface 2a is positioned on the working surface side of the guide rail, and the frame 1 is internally provided with a reverse wedge block 61 which can move up and down, left and right along the frame 1; the reverse wedge block 61 is an inverted wedge with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the angle of the side inclined plane of the near guide rail is alpha which is the same as the angle of the braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2, the angle of the side inclined plane of the far guide rail is beta which is larger than alpha which is the same as the angle of the guiding inclined plane of the guiding body 3, and the angle can move up and down and left and right along the surface; the adjusting screw 23 can adjust the initial length Y of the first elastic body 4, the initial distance Z between the limiting head 431 of the limiting body 43 and the frame 1 is the maximum deformation amount of the first elastic body 4, different distances can correspond to different setting forces, and the deformation of the first elastic body 4 can be controlled by changing the distance, so that the positive pressure of the brake body 2 and the guide rail 91 can be controlled.

The elevator safety device of the third embodiment has the following action process: when the speed of the car 92 or the counterweight 93 descends due to an unexpected speed increase and exceeds the set value of the speed limiter 94, the speed limiter 94 acts to pull the wire rope 95, the brake body 2 is pulled by the actuating rod 96 and the connecting rod 97, the brake body 2 ascends, the brake vertical surface 2a contacts the working surface of the guide rail 91, the brake body 2 continues to move upwards due to the action of friction force, the reverse wedge 61 moves away from the guide rail due to the wedge, the second elastic body 40 is compressed by moving upwards, the displacement of the guide body 3 towards the guide rail 91 transversely due to the upward movement of the reverse wedge 61 is larger than the displacement of the brake body 2 away from the guide rail transversely, the guide body 3 moves towards the guide rail side, the length Y of the first elastic body 3 increases, the gap Z between the limiting head 431 of the limiting body 43 and the frame 1 decreases, the upper bump 612 and the lower bump 613 on the reverse wedge 61 and the upper stopper 11 on the frame 1, The lower stop block 12 is separated, the friction force between the braking body 2 and the guide rail 91 is gradually increased by the positive pressure on the first elastic body 4, and the distance Z between the limiting head 431 of the limiting body 43 and the frame 1 is gradually reduced; when the upper end of the braking body 2 contacts the side projection 611 which extends from the upper end of the reverse wedge block 61 to the guide rail side, and the distance between the limiting head 431 of the limiting body 43 and the frame 1 is 0, the braking force reaches a set value and keeps constant, and the movement of the braking body 2 stops; thereafter, if the braking force is increased for some reason, the braking body 2 pushes the reverse wedge 61 to move upward together, the positive pressure of the first elastic body 4 is transmitted to the frame 1 through the spacing body 43, the positive pressure between the braking body 2 and the guide rail 91 is eliminated, and the braking body 2 returns to the contact state with the guide rail 91 again under the pushing force of the second elastic body 40, and the proper braking force is generated.

Example four

As shown in fig. 11, the elevator safety device comprises a frame 1, a braking body 2, a guide body 3, a first elastic body 4 and an adjusting wedge 6;

the adjusting wedge block 6 is arranged in the cavity;

the adjusting wedge block 6 can move up and down;

the included angles of the limiting inner inclined plane of the cavity and the adjusting inclined plane 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 and the guide rail 91 are beta, and the included angle is more than 45 degrees and more than beta and more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

the height of the upper end of the adjusting screw 23 is adjustable.

a ball or roller assembly 18 for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge 6 and the limiting inner inclined surface of the cavity of the guide body 3.

The elevator safety device of the fourth embodiment comprises a frame 1, wherein the frame 1 is arranged on a lifting body and symmetrically arranged at two sides, and a guide rail 91 is positioned at the position of the approximate middle of the frame 1; a brake body 2 is arranged on one side of the working surface of the guide rail 91, the brake body 2 is in a wedge shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, a brake vertical surface 2a is positioned on the working surface side of the guide rail 91, the lower end of the brake body 2 is fixedly connected with a connecting body 21, and an adjusting screw 23 is arranged at the far guide rail end; a guide body 3 which corresponds to the braking body 2 and can move left and right along the frame is arranged in the frame 1, the angle of a guide inclined plane of the guide body 3 and the angle of a braking inclined plane 2b of the braking body 2 are the same as alpha, and a guide vertical surface at the far guide rail side of the guide body 3 is connected with a first elastic body 4; the middle of the guide body 3 is provided with a cavity, the far guide rail side of the cavity is a limiting inner inclined surface which is far away from the guide rail up and down, an adjusting wedge block 6 is arranged in the cavity, the adjusting wedge block 6 is in a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the far guide rail side of the adjusting wedge block 6 is an adjusting inclined surface 6b which is far away from the guide rail up and down, the angles of the limiting inner inclined surface and the adjusting inclined surface 6b are the same as beta, beta is larger than alpha, and the adjusting wedge block 6 can move up and down.

Two elevator safety devices are typically symmetrically mounted per car corresponding to each guide rail 91.

The lifting body can be an elevator car or a counterweight.

The elastic body is a U-shaped plate spring, a disc spring, a spiral spring or a plate spring.

The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An elevator safety device is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a braking body (2), a guide body (3), a first elastic body (4), a limiting wedge block (5) and an adjusting wedge block (6);

the frame (1) is used for being installed on a lifting body guided by a guide rail (91) arranged in a lifting channel, and the guide rail (91) is positioned in the middle position of one side of the frame (1);

the braking body (2) is suspended on the lifting body and is positioned between the guide body (3) and the guide rail (91);

the braking body (2) is in a wedge shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the side close to the guide rail (91) is a braking vertical surface (2a), and the side far away from the guide rail (91) is a braking inclined surface (2 b);

the guide body (3) is arranged in the frame (1) and can move left and right along the frame (1);

the guide body (3) is provided with a guide inclined plane which is far from the guide rail up and down on the side close to the guide rail, and a guide vertical plane on the side far from the guide rail;

the included angles between the guide inclined surface of the guide body (3) and the brake inclined surface (2b) of the brake body (2) and the guide rail (91) are both alpha;

the vertical guide surface of the guide body (3) abuts against the side frame of the frame (1) through a first elastic body (4);

the middle of the guide body (3) is provided with a cavity which is communicated up and down;

the limiting wedge block (5) penetrates through the cavity and is fixed on the frame (1);

the limiting wedge block (5) is in a wedge shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part;

a gap is always kept between the limiting wedge block (5) and the guide body (3) on the side close to the guide rail in the left-right movement stroke of the guide body (3);

the far guide rail side of the limiting wedge block (5) is a limiting inclined plane which is far from the upper part of the guide rail and is close to the lower part of the guide rail;

the adjusting wedge block (6) is arranged in the cavity and is positioned at the far guide rail side of the limiting wedge block (5);

the far guide rail side of the adjusting wedge block (6) is an adjusting vertical surface (6a), and the near guide rail side is an adjusting inclined surface (6b) which is far from the upper part of the guide rail and is close to the lower part of the guide rail;

the included angles of the limiting inclined plane of the limiting wedge block (5) and the adjusting inclined plane (6b) of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide rail (91) are beta, and the included angles are beta and beta are more than 45 degrees and more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

the lower end of the brake body (2) is fixedly connected with a connecting body (21) which is extended to the lower part of the adjusting wedge block (6);

an adjusting screw (23) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the adjusting wedge block (6), of the connecting body (21);

the height of the upper end of the adjusting screw (23) is adjustable.

2. Elevator safety device according to claim 1,

when the braking body (2) is in an initial state, the adjusting wedge block (6) is in contact with the adjusting screw (23) and can slide left and right on the adjusting screw (23), and a gap is reserved between the adjusting vertical surface (6a) of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide body (3).

3. Elevator safety device according to claim 1,

the upper end of the adjusting wedge block (6) is hung on the top frame of the frame (1) through a second elastic body (40), and by means of pulling force provided by the second elastic body (40), an adjusting inclined surface (6b) of the adjusting wedge block (6) is always attached to a limiting inclined surface of the limiting wedge block (5), an adjusting vertical surface (6a) of the adjusting wedge block (6) is attached to the guide body, and when the brake body is in an initial state, the adjusting wedge block (6) is not in contact with the adjusting screw (23).

4. Elevator safety device according to claim 1,

a ball or roller (18) for reducing friction is arranged between the braking inclined surface (2b) of the braking body (2) and the guide inclined surface of the guide body (3);

a ball or roller component (18) for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface (6b) of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the limiting inclined surface of the limiting wedge block (5);

a ball or roller assembly (18) for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting vertical surface (6a) of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide body (3).

5. An elevator safety device is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a braking body (2), a guide body (3), a first elastic body (4), a fixed limiting plate (51), an adjusting wedge block (6) and a guide wedge block (31);

the guide body (3) is arranged in the frame (1) and can move left and right and up and down;

the vertical guide surface of the guide body (3) abuts against a moving body (32) capable of moving left and right along the frame (1);

the moving body (32) abuts against the side frame of the frame (1) through a first elastic body (4) and causes the first elastic body (4) to be compressed and deformed;

the fixed limiting plate (51), the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide wedge block (31) are sequentially arranged in a cavity in the middle of the guide body (3) from near to far away from the guide rail (91);

the fixed limit plate (51) penetrates through the cavity and is vertically fixed on the frame (1);

a gap is always kept between the fixed limit plate (51) close to the guide rail and the guide body (3) in the left-right movement stroke of the guide body (3);

the guide wedge block (31) is provided with a guide fixing inclined surface (31b) which is far from the guide rail up and down and is close to the guide rail at the side close to the guide rail, and the side far from the guide rail is fixed on the guide body (3);

the side of the adjusting wedge block (6) close to the guide rail is an adjusting vertical surface, and the side of the adjusting wedge block far away from the guide rail is an adjusting inclined surface which is far away from the upper part of the guide rail and close to the lower part of the guide rail;

the included angles between the guide fixed inclined plane (31b) of the guide wedge block (31) and the adjusting inclined plane of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide rail (91) are beta, and the included angles are beta and beta are more than 45 degrees and more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

an adjusting screw (23) is fixed at the upper frame of the frame corresponding to the upper end of the adjusting wedge block (6);

the height of the lower end of the adjusting screw (23) is adjustable;

a second elastic body (40) is arranged between the upper end of the guide body (3) and the upper frame of the frame (1);

the upper end of the guide body (3) projects to the guide rail side with a projection (33).

6. Elevator safety device according to claim 5,

the guide wedge (31) is part of the guide body (3).

7. Elevator safety device according to claim 5,

a ball or roller component for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide fixing inclined surface (31b) of the guide wedge block (31);

and a ball or roller assembly for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting vertical surface of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the fixed limit plate (51).

8. An elevator safety device is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a braking body (2), a reverse wedge block (61), a guide body (3), a first elastic body (4), a second elastic body (40), a connecting plate (42) and a limiting body (43);

the braking body (2) is suspended on the lifting body and is positioned between the reverse wedge block (61) and the guide rail (91);

the guide body (3) is arranged in the frame (1) and can move left and right along the frame;

the guide body (3) is provided with a guide inclined plane which is far from the guide rail up and down and is close to the guide rail at the side close to the guide rail, and a guide vertical plane at the side far from the guide rail;

the reverse wedge block (61) is in an inverted wedge shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, is arranged between the braking inclined plane (2b) of the braking body (2) and the guide inclined plane of the guide body (3), and can move up and down and left and right along the braking inclined plane and the guide inclined plane;

the angle between the side inclined plane of the near guide rail of the reverse wedge block (61) and the braking inclined plane (2b) of the braking body (2) is alpha, the angle between the side inclined plane of the far guide rail and the guiding inclined plane of the guiding body (3) is beta, and the angle is more than 45 degrees and more than beta is more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

the vertical guide surface of the guide body (3) abuts against the side, close to the guide rail, of the connecting plate (42) through the first elastic body (4);

the far guide rail side of the connecting plate (42) abuts against the end part of the adjusting screw (23);

the root of the adjusting screw (23) is fixed on the side frame of the frame (1);

the length of the end part of the adjusting screw (23) on the side of the guide rail is adjustable;

the limiting body (43) comprises a limiting head (431) and a limiting rod (432);

a limiting rod (432) of the limiting body (43) penetrates through a limiting hole in a side frame of the frame (1) and is fixedly connected to a guide vertical surface of the guide body (3);

a spacing exists between a limiting head (431) of the limiting body (43) and a side frame of the frame (1) in an initial state;

a second elastic body (40) is arranged between the top end of the reverse wedge block (61) and the upper frame of the frame (1);

the upper end of the reverse wedge block (61) extends out of a side convex block (611) towards the guide rail side.

9. Elevator safety device according to claim 8,

the upper end of the reverse wedge block (61) is provided with an upper lug (612), and the lower end of the reverse wedge block is provided with a lower lug (613);

an upper stop block (11) is arranged at the position of the upper frame of the frame (1) corresponding to the upper convex block (612), and a lower stop block (12) is arranged at the position of the lower frame corresponding to the lower convex block (613);

and the upper convex block (612) and the lower convex block (613) of the reverse wedge block (61) are respectively in contact with the upper stop block (11) and the lower stop block (12) of the frame (1) to limit the reverse wedge block (61) to move towards the near guide rail side.

10. Elevator safety device according to claim 8,

balls or rollers for reducing friction are arranged between the braking inclined surface (2b) of the braking body (2) and the guide inclined surface of the guide block (3) and the reverse wedge block (61).

11. An elevator safety device is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a braking body (2), a guide body (3), a first elastic body (4) and an adjusting wedge block (6);

the adjusting wedge block (6) is arranged in the cavity;

the side, close to the guide rail, of the adjusting wedge block (6) is an adjusting vertical surface (6a), and the side, far away from the guide rail, of the adjusting wedge block is an adjusting inclined surface (6b) which is far away from the guide rail up and down;

an upper guide column (615) is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting wedge block (6), and a lower guide column (616) is arranged at the lower end of the adjusting wedge block;

the upper guide column (615) of the adjusting wedge block (6) penetrates upwards into the upper guide hole of the frame (1);

the lower guide column (616) of the adjusting wedge block (6) downwards passes through the lower guide hole of the frame (1);

the adjusting wedge block (6) can move up and down;

the included angles between the limiting inner inclined plane of the cavity of the guide body (3) and the adjusting inclined plane (6b) of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the guide rail (91) are beta, and the included angles are beta and beta are more than 45 degrees and more than alpha and more than 1 degree;

an adjusting screw (23) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the lower guide column (616) of the adjusting wedge block (6), of the connecting body (21);

the height of the upper end of the adjusting screw (23) is adjustable.

12. The elevator safety of claim 11,

a ball or roller component for reducing friction is arranged between the adjusting inclined surface 6b of the adjusting wedge block (6) and the limiting inner inclined surface of the cavity of the guide body (3).

13. The elevator safety of claim 11,

the lifting body is an elevator car or a counterweight.

14. The elevator safety of claim 11,

the first elastic body is a U-shaped plate spring, a disc spring, a spiral spring or a plate spring.

15. The elevator safety of claim 11,

two elevator safety devices are symmetrically installed on the lifting body corresponding to each guide rail (91).