JP2015009981A - Elevator - Google Patents

Elevator Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2015009981A
JP2015009981A JP2013138647A JP2013138647A JP2015009981A JP 2015009981 A JP2015009981 A JP 2015009981A JP 2013138647 A JP2013138647 A JP 2013138647A JP 2013138647 A JP2013138647 A JP 2013138647A JP 2015009981 A JP2015009981 A JP 2015009981A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
brake
sliding
guide rail
elevator
brake element
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Pending
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JP2013138647A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
礒谷 仁
Hitoshi Isoya
仁 礒谷
五郎 佐藤
Goro Sato
五郎 佐藤
薫 平野
Kaoru Hirano
薫 平野
秀隆 座間
Hidetaka Zama
秀隆 座間
広基 遠藤
Hiroki Endo
広基 遠藤
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Priority to JP2013138647A priority Critical patent/JP2015009981A/en
Priority to CN201410311154.2A priority patent/CN104276478A/en
Publication of JP2015009981A publication Critical patent/JP2015009981A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66BELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
    • B66B5/22Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of linearly-movable wedges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66BELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevator having an emergency stop device that enables suppression of increase in the total height and sliding area of a damper and reduction in rapid deceleration generated immediately before stopping.SOLUTION: In an emergency stop device for an elevator, a damper 8 includes: a damper fixation portion 13 having a first gradient surface 13b opposing to a gradient surface 7a of a guide member 7 and a second gradient surface 13c inclined to form a wedge shape together with the first gradient surface; a damper sliding portion 12 having a sliding surface on a guide rail 1 and a gradient surface 12c opposing to the second gradient surface of the damper fixation portion; and a connecting member 14 for interconnecting the damper sliding portion and the damper fixation portion so as to enable relative displacement. The connecting member is used for connecting the bottom of the damper fixation portion to the damper sliding portion, and the sliding surface of the damper sliding portion is interposed between the connecting member and the guide rail on the lateral side of the connecting member. The height dimension of the damper sliding portion is made larger than that of the damper fixation portion.

Description

本発明は、エレベーターの過速度を検出した際に制動子をガイドレールに押し付け、摩擦力により昇降体を制動する非常止め装置を備えたエレベーターに関する。   The present invention relates to an elevator provided with an emergency stop device that presses a brake element against a guide rail when an elevator overspeed is detected and brakes a lifting body by a frictional force.

一般に、ロープ式エレベーターにおいては、何らかの故障で昇降体が過速降下した場合に、その速度が定格速度の1.4倍を越えないうちに調速機によるガバナロープ掴み動作により引上げられる制動子をガイドレールに押し付け、摩擦力により昇降体を制動する非常止め装置が設けられている。一般的に制動子は反ガイドレール側に勾配面を有しており、その勾配面が逆勾配面を有する制動子ガイド部材に接しているため、制動子ガイドに対して制動子が相対的に上方向に移動すると、制動子は水平方向にも移動する。従来の非常止め装置は、この動作にて制動子をガイドレールに押し付けて摩擦力を発生させる。しかしながら、従来の非常止め装置の制動力は、一定のレール押圧力と、速度によって変化する動摩擦係数との積によって得られ、速度が遅くなると動摩擦係数が増大する特性のため、停止間際の制動力が大きくなる。このため、乗りかごに大きな減速度が生じることになる。このような課題に対して、従来の一般的な非常止め装置の摺動材には、金属系例えば鋳鉄材が用いられており、摺動材が非常制動過程において摩耗することでレール押圧力を弱め、制動力の増大を抑止していた。
近年、エレベーターの高速・大容量化に伴い、非常制動時に生じる熱エネルギーは増加する傾向にある。このため、エレベーターの非常止め装置の摺動材に鋳鉄材を適用することが困難となり、耐熱性に優れたセラミックスが適用されるようになった。セラミックスは鋳鉄材と同様の摩擦特性を示すが、摺動過程においてほとんど摩耗が発生しない。このため、停止間際の制動力が鋳鉄材の場合より大きくなる可能性が高い。
In general, in a rope type elevator, when a lifting body drops excessively due to some failure, it guides a brake that is pulled up by a governor rope gripping operation by a governor before the speed exceeds 1.4 times the rated speed. An emergency stop device is provided that presses against the rail and brakes the lifting body by frictional force. In general, the brake has a slope surface on the side opposite to the guide rail, and the slope surface is in contact with a brake guide member having a reverse slope surface. When moving upward, the brake element also moves in the horizontal direction. The conventional emergency stop device presses the brake against the guide rail in this operation to generate a frictional force. However, the braking force of a conventional emergency stop device is obtained by the product of a constant rail pressing force and a dynamic friction coefficient that varies with speed, and because the dynamic friction coefficient increases as the speed decreases, Becomes larger. For this reason, a large deceleration occurs in the car. In response to such problems, a metal material such as cast iron is used as a sliding material of a conventional general safety device, and the rail pressing force is reduced by wear of the sliding material during an emergency braking process. Weakened and restrained the increase in braking force.
In recent years, with the increase in the speed and capacity of an elevator, the thermal energy generated during emergency braking tends to increase. For this reason, it becomes difficult to apply a cast iron material to the sliding material of the emergency stop device of an elevator, and ceramics excellent in heat resistance have come to be applied. Ceramics exhibit the same friction characteristics as cast iron, but wear hardly occurs during the sliding process. For this reason, there is a high possibility that the braking force just before the stop is larger than that in the case of cast iron.

このような技術分野の背景技術として、特開2001−192184号公報(特許文献1)がある。この技術は、非常制動時に引上げられる制動子を、ガイドレールと摺動する可動部と、レール押圧力を伝達する固定部とに分割している。そして、固定部の内側に可動部を収納するように配置して、可動部と固定部とを弾性体で連結している。本技術では、従来の非常止め装置と同様に昇降体の過速を検出すると制動子が引上げられ、可動部をガイドレールに押付けて制動力を発生させる。その際、固定部は上枠に当接しており、板ばねを最大変形させ、最大反力にて制動を継続する。停止間際になると動摩擦係数の増大に伴って可動部に作用する制動力が高まる。これにより、可動部のみが弾性体を変形させながら更に上方に移動する。その動作に伴い、固定部はレール方向へ移動するため、板ばねの変形が小さくなり、レール押圧力が小さくなる。このため、停止間際においてレール押圧力が除去され、過大な摩擦力が発生しないようになっている。   As a background art in such a technical field, there is JP-A-2001-192184 (Patent Document 1). In this technique, a brake element that is pulled up during emergency braking is divided into a movable part that slides with a guide rail and a fixed part that transmits a rail pressing force. And it arrange | positions so that a movable part may be accommodated inside a fixed part, and the movable part and the fixed part are connected with the elastic body. In the present technology, as in the case of the conventional emergency stop device, when the overspeed of the lifting body is detected, the brake is pulled up, and the movable portion is pressed against the guide rail to generate a braking force. At that time, the fixed portion is in contact with the upper frame, and the leaf spring is deformed to the maximum and braking is continued with the maximum reaction force. When the stop is about to occur, the braking force acting on the movable part increases as the dynamic friction coefficient increases. As a result, only the movable part moves further upward while deforming the elastic body. Along with this operation, the fixed portion moves in the rail direction, so that the deformation of the leaf spring is reduced and the rail pressing force is reduced. For this reason, the rail pressing force is removed just before stopping, so that an excessive frictional force is not generated.

特開2001−192184号公報JP 2001-192184 A

昇降体を昇降させるロープの切断時に昇降体を非常停止させるために必要な制動エネルギーは、落下質量、落下初速度、減速度により決まる。すなわち、高速・大容量エレベーターでは必要な制動エネルギーは大きくなる。このため、高速・大容量エレベーターでは、非常時に必要となる大きな制動力を発生させるために、複数の非常止め装置を設けている。制動子1つあたりの制動力は制動子をガイドレールへ押付ける力と、制動子とガイドレール間の動摩擦係数の積によって決まる。すなわち、大きな制動力を得るためには、レール押圧力を高める、あるいは制動子とガイドレール間の動摩擦係数を高める必要がある。レール押圧力を高めるには、レール押圧力を発生させる弾性体を大型化・高硬度化する手段がある。しかしながら、本手段は装置の大型化や高コスト化につながる。すなわち、非常止め装置の大型化を抑制しつつ、大きな制動力を得るためには、制動子とガイドレール間の動摩擦係数をなるべく大きくすることが肝要である。一般的に動摩擦係数は、物体間の相対速度および摺動部の面圧に依存することが分かっている。動摩擦係数は摺動材の面圧に対して反比例するため、大きな動摩擦係数を確保するためには摺動部材の面積を大きくすることが肝要となる。   The braking energy required for emergency stop of the lifting body when the rope for lifting the lifting body is cut is determined by the falling mass, the initial falling speed, and the deceleration. That is, the required braking energy is increased in a high-speed / large-capacity elevator. For this reason, in a high-speed and large-capacity elevator, a plurality of emergency stop devices are provided in order to generate a large braking force required in an emergency. The braking force per braking element is determined by the product of the force pressing the braking element against the guide rail and the dynamic friction coefficient between the braking element and the guide rail. That is, in order to obtain a large braking force, it is necessary to increase the rail pressing force or to increase the dynamic friction coefficient between the braking element and the guide rail. In order to increase the rail pressing force, there is a means for increasing the size and hardness of the elastic body that generates the rail pressing force. However, this means leads to an increase in size and cost of the apparatus. That is, in order to obtain a large braking force while suppressing an increase in the size of the emergency stop device, it is important to increase the coefficient of dynamic friction between the brake element and the guide rail as much as possible. In general, it has been found that the dynamic friction coefficient depends on the relative speed between objects and the surface pressure of the sliding portion. Since the dynamic friction coefficient is inversely proportional to the surface pressure of the sliding material, it is important to increase the area of the sliding member in order to ensure a large dynamic friction coefficient.

特許文献1の技術では、停止間際の急減速緩和は可能な構成であるが、制動子の全高に対して摺動部材の高さが小さい構成となる。制動子固定部の高さを従来の制動子高さと同等とするならば、摺動面積が低下して摺動部の面圧が高くなるため、動摩擦係数が小さくなる。制動子の全高を従来の制動子高さと同等としつつ、摺動面積を従来と同等に確保するには、摺動部材の厚さを大きくすることが考えられる。しかしながら、摺動部材を厚くすることにより、被摺動部材となるガイドレールも大きくする必要があり、コスト増大につながる。   In the technique of Patent Document 1, a configuration in which sudden deceleration can be alleviated just before stopping, but the height of the sliding member is smaller than the overall height of the brake element. If the height of the braker fixing part is made equal to the height of the conventional braker, the sliding area is reduced and the surface pressure of the sliding part is increased, so that the dynamic friction coefficient is reduced. In order to secure the same sliding area as that of the prior art while keeping the overall height of the braking element equal to the height of the conventional braking element, it is conceivable to increase the thickness of the sliding member. However, by increasing the thickness of the sliding member, it is necessary to increase the size of the guide rail that becomes the sliding member, leading to an increase in cost.

本発明の目的は、制動子の全高および摺動面積の増大を抑え、停止間際に生じる急減速を緩和できる非常止め装置を備えたエレベーターを提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide an elevator provided with an emergency stop device that can suppress an increase in the overall height and sliding area of a brake element and can alleviate sudden deceleration that occurs just before stopping.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明のエレベーターは、ガイドレールの摺動面に対向するように対となって配置される制動子と、制動子をガイドレールの摺動面に押付ける弾性部材と、弾性部材と制動子との間に配置され作動時における制動子の移動方向に沿ってガイドレールの摺動面との間隔が狭まるように傾斜した勾配面を有するガイド部材と、制動子とガイド部材との間に配置される複数のローラとを備え、制動子が、ガイド部材の勾配面と対向する第一の勾配面と第一の勾配面と共に楔形状を成すように傾斜した第二の勾配面とを有する制動子固定部と、ガイドレールの摺動面に摺動する摺動面とガイド部材の第二の勾配面に対向するように傾斜した勾配面とを有する制動子摺動部と、制動子摺動部と制動子固定部とを相対変位可能に連結する連結部材とを備えたエレベーターにおいて、連結部材は制動子固定部の底部を制動子摺動部に連結し、制動子摺動部の摺動面が連結部材の側方で連結部材とガイドレールとの間に介在するように構成され、制動子摺動部の高さ寸法を制動子固定部の高さ寸法よりも大きくしたものである。   In order to achieve the above object, an elevator according to the present invention includes a braking element disposed in a pair so as to face the sliding surface of the guide rail, and an elastic member that presses the braking element against the sliding surface of the guide rail. A guide member having an inclined surface that is disposed between the elastic member and the brake element and is inclined so that a distance from the sliding surface of the guide rail is reduced along a movement direction of the brake element during operation; A plurality of rollers disposed between the guide member and a brake member, wherein the brake member is inclined so as to form a wedge shape together with the first gradient surface facing the gradient surface of the guide member and the first gradient surface A braker slide having a braker fixing portion having a slope surface, a slide surface sliding on the slide surface of the guide rail, and a slope surface inclined so as to face the second slope surface of the guide member Part, braker sliding part and braker fixing part can be relatively displaced In an elevator including a connecting member to be connected, the connecting member connects the bottom of the brake element fixing part to the brake element sliding part, and the sliding surface of the brake element sliding part is on the side of the connecting member and the guide. It is configured to be interposed between the rail and the height of the brake sliding part is larger than the height of the brake fixing part.

本発明では、制動子全高に対して制動子摺動部の高さを従来の制動子と同等に確保することで、高面圧化による摩擦係数低減を抑止できる。さらに、停止間際において、制動子摺動部材が更に上方に移動することで、制動子固定部はレール方向に移動する。これにより、弾性体の変形が小さくなり、制動子によるレール押圧力が低減され、停止間際の急減速を緩和できる。   In the present invention, by reducing the height of the sliding part of the brake to be equal to that of the conventional brake with respect to the total height of the brake, the reduction of the friction coefficient due to the increase in the surface pressure can be suppressed. Furthermore, when the brake member sliding member moves further upward just before stopping, the brake member fixing part moves in the rail direction. Thereby, the deformation of the elastic body is reduced, the rail pressing force by the brake element is reduced, and the sudden deceleration immediately before stopping can be mitigated.

上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。   Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

本発明に係る非常止め装置を備えたエレベーターの概略構成図。The schematic block diagram of the elevator provided with the emergency stop apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明との比較例である非常止め装置の側面図。The side view of the emergency stop apparatus which is a comparative example with this invention. 本発明との比較例である非常止め装置の断面図。Sectional drawing of the safety device which is a comparative example with this invention. 本発明との比較例である非常止め装置による非常止め制動時の速度v、摩擦係数μ、レール押圧力fの特性図。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of speed v, friction coefficient μ, and rail pressing force f during emergency stop braking by an emergency stop device as a comparative example with the present invention. 本発明に係る非常止め装置の一実施例を示す側面図。The side view which shows one Example of the safety device which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る非常止め装置の作動状態を示す側面図。The side view which shows the operation state of the safety device which concerns on this invention. 図6に対して制動子がさらに引き上げられた作動状態を示す側面図。FIG. 7 is a side view showing an operating state in which the brake element is further lifted with respect to FIG. 6. 図6及び図7に対して非常制動停止間際の作動状態を示す側面図。The side view which shows the operation state just before an emergency braking stop with respect to FIG.6 and FIG.7. 本発明に係る非常止め装置による非常制動時の速度v、摩擦係数μ、レール押圧力fの特性図。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of speed v, friction coefficient μ, and rail pressing force f during emergency braking by the emergency stop device according to the present invention. 特許文献1に記載の制動子の概略構造を示す側面図。The side view which shows schematic structure of the brake element of patent document 1. FIG. 本発明の制動子の概略構造を示す側面図。The side view which shows schematic structure of the brake element of this invention. 本発明に係る非常止め装置の他の実施例を示す側面図。The side view which shows the other Example of the safety device which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る非常止め装置のさらに他の実施例を示す側面図。The side view which shows the further another Example of the safety device which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る非常止め装置のさらに他の実施例を示す側面図。The side view which shows the further another Example of the safety device which concerns on this invention.

以下、本発明に係る非常止め装置を備えたエレベーターの実施例を図に基づき説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of an elevator provided with an emergency stop device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1を用いて本発明に係るエレベーターの構成を説明する。図1は、本発明の第一実施例に係る非常止め装置2を備えたエレベーターの概略構成を示す図である。   The structure of the elevator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an elevator provided with an emergency stop device 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

一般的なロープ式エレベーターは昇降路内を昇降する昇降体、例えば、乗かご3と、昇降路内に対となって立設されて乗かご3の昇降を案内するガイドレール1と、乗かご3にその一端が接続されるロープ4を有している。そして乗かご3の下部に過速降下を検出した際に制動する非常止め装置2が取り付けられている。非常止め装置2の内部には、制動子8が設けられている。尚、図1では、後述する本発明との比較例である図2の構成について、符号に括弧を付けて示している。   A general rope type elevator is a lifting body that moves up and down in a hoistway, for example, a car 3, a guide rail 1 that is erected in a pair in the hoistway and guides the raising and lowering of the car 3, and a car. 3 has a rope 4 to which one end is connected. An emergency stop device 2 that brakes when an overspeed descent is detected is attached to the lower portion of the car 3. A brake 8 is provided inside the emergency stop device 2. In FIG. 1, the reference numerals in parentheses are shown for the configuration of FIG. 2, which is a comparative example with the present invention described later.

図2乃至図4を用いて本発明との比較例である非常止め装置200について説明する。   An emergency stop device 200, which is a comparative example with the present invention, will be described with reference to FIGS.

図2に、非常止め装置200の側面図を示す。なお、図2は、比較例における非常止め装置200について、図1に矢印(II)で示す方向から見た場合の断面を示している。   FIG. 2 shows a side view of the safety device 200. 2 shows a cross section of the safety device 200 according to the comparative example when viewed from the direction indicated by the arrow (II) in FIG.

非常止め装置200は、昇降体、例えば乗りかご3の下部に固定される上枠5、下枠6と、乗りかご3の昇降を案内するガイドレール1と、ガイドレール1を挟持するように対となって配置されて反ガイドレール側に勾配面800aを有する制動子800と、図示していないが、乗りかご3の過速降下を検出すると制動子800を引上げる引上機構と、乗りかご3の過速降下を検出したときに制動子800をガイドレール1に押付ける弾性体9と、弾性体9に結合されガイドレール1側に制動子800の勾配面800aと対向する勾配面7aを有する制動子ガイド7と、制動子800の勾配面800aと制動子ガイド7の勾配面7aとの間に配置された複数のローラ10と、制動子800の最大引上量を調整する制動子ストッパ11とから構成されている。非常止め装置200は、引上機構が過速降下を検出すると、制動子800を引上げる。このとき、制動子800は制動子ガイド700とガイドレール1との間に嵌入され、制動子800によって弾性体9が水平方向(ガイドレール1のレール面に垂直な方向)に押し広げられる。そして弾性体9からの反力を受けて制動子800がガイドレール1に押し付けられる。このため、ガイドレール1と制動子800との間に摩擦力が発生し、乗りかご3を非常制動する。   The safety device 200 includes a lifting body, for example, an upper frame 5 and a lower frame 6 fixed to a lower portion of the car 3, a guide rail 1 for guiding the raising and lowering of the car 3, and a pair of the guide rails 1 so as to sandwich the guide rail 1. A brake element 800 having a sloped surface 800a on the side opposite to the guide rail, a pulling mechanism (not shown) that raises the brake element 800 when an overspeed drop of the car 3 is detected, and a car 3, an elastic body 9 that presses the brake element 800 against the guide rail 1 when an overspeed drop is detected, and a gradient surface 7 a that is coupled to the elastic body 9 and faces the gradient surface 800 a of the brake element 800 on the guide rail 1 side. A brake element guide 7 having a plurality of rollers 10 disposed between the gradient surface 800a of the brake element 800 and the gradient surface 7a of the brake element guide 7, and a brake element stopper for adjusting the maximum pull-up amount of the brake element 800. It consists of 11 and It is. The emergency stop device 200 pulls up the brake element 800 when the lifting mechanism detects an overspeed drop. At this time, the brake element 800 is fitted between the brake element guide 700 and the guide rail 1, and the elastic body 9 is pushed and expanded in the horizontal direction (direction perpendicular to the rail surface of the guide rail 1) by the brake element 800. In response to the reaction force from the elastic body 9, the brake element 800 is pressed against the guide rail 1. Therefore, a frictional force is generated between the guide rail 1 and the brake element 800, and the car 3 is emergency braked.

図3に図2に示す非常止め装置200のIII−III断面図を示す。非常止め装置200は、弾性体9として断面がU字形状をしたUばねが適用されており、このUばね9が内側からガイドレール1を覆うように配置されている。   FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of the safety device 200 shown in FIG. In the emergency stop device 200, a U spring having a U-shaped cross section is applied as the elastic body 9, and the U spring 9 is disposed so as to cover the guide rail 1 from the inside.

図4に、図2に示す非常止め装置200を適用したときの、非常制動時における速度v、摩擦係数μ、レール押圧力fの各特性の模式図を示す。これらは、高速・大容量エレベーター向けの摺動材に耐熱性に優れたセラミックスを適用したときの特性の一例である。速度vの特性が示すように、非常止め装置200では、停止間際になると乗りかご3の落下速度が急激に減速する特性を有している。この現象により、乗客が身体的負担を感じる懸念がある。また、摩擦係数μの特性が示すように、非常止め装置200の摩擦係数μは、停止間際になると急激に増加する速度依存性が強い特性を有している。また、レール押圧力fの特性が示すように、非常止め装置200のレール押圧力fは、制動子800が制動子ガイド7とガイドレール1の間に嵌入されると除々に大きくなる。制動子800が制動子ストッパ11に当接後、制動子800は移動を拘束され、制動子800の摺動部の材料にセラミックスを適用すると制動中の摩耗も生じないため、弾性体9の変形が一定になる。すなわち、制動子800がガイドレール1を押すレール押圧力が一定になる。   FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the characteristics of the speed v, the friction coefficient μ, and the rail pressing force f during emergency braking when the emergency stop device 200 shown in FIG. 2 is applied. These are examples of characteristics when ceramics having excellent heat resistance are applied to sliding materials for high-speed and large-capacity elevators. As shown by the characteristic of the speed v, the emergency stop device 200 has a characteristic that the falling speed of the car 3 is rapidly decelerated when the vehicle is about to stop. Due to this phenomenon, there is a concern that passengers feel physical burden. Further, as shown by the characteristic of the friction coefficient μ, the friction coefficient μ of the safety device 200 has a characteristic that the speed dependency that increases rapidly when the stop is about is strong. Further, as shown by the characteristics of the rail pressing force f, the rail pressing force f of the safety device 200 gradually increases when the brake element 800 is fitted between the brake element guide 7 and the guide rail 1. After the brake element 800 comes into contact with the brake element stopper 11, the movement of the brake element 800 is restricted, and if ceramic is applied to the material of the sliding part of the brake element 800, wear during braking does not occur. Becomes constant. That is, the rail pressing force with which the brake element 800 pushes the guide rail 1 becomes constant.

したがって、非常止め装置200の速度特性が図4に示す特性となる原因は、レール押圧力fと摩擦係数μの積で得られる制動力が、停止間際に生じる摩擦係数μの変化に伴い、急に増大するためである。   Therefore, the cause of the speed characteristic of the emergency stop device 200 shown in FIG. 4 is that the braking force obtained by the product of the rail pressing force f and the friction coefficient μ suddenly changes with the change of the friction coefficient μ that occurs just before stopping. This is because it increases.

図5を用いて本発明に係る非常止め装置2の構成を説明する。図5に、本発明に係るエレベーターの非常止め装置2の一実施例における要部側面図を示す。なお、図2は、図1の非常止め装置2を矢印Vで示す方向から見た断面を示している。   The configuration of the safety device 2 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, the principal part side view in one Example of the emergency stop apparatus 2 of the elevator which concerns on this invention is shown. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the safety device 2 of FIG.

特に図2に示す非常止め装置200と異なる構成を中心に説明する。   In particular, the description will focus on a configuration different from the safety device 200 shown in FIG.

本実施例の非常止め装置2では、制動子8を制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部(押圧力伝達部)13とに分割された構成とした。制動子摺動部12はガイドレール1と直接摺動する部材であり、単に摺動部12という場合もある。制動子固定部(押圧力伝達部)13は制動子摺動部12にレール押圧力を伝達する部材である。   In the emergency stop device 2 of the present embodiment, the brake element 8 is divided into a brake element sliding part 12 and a brake element fixing part (pressing force transmission part) 13. The brake element sliding portion 12 is a member that slides directly with the guide rail 1, and may be simply referred to as the sliding portion 12. The brake element fixing part (pressing force transmitting part) 13 is a member that transmits rail pressing force to the brake element sliding part 12.

制動子摺動部12は、ガイドレール1のレール面に沿って伸びる摺動面構成部12aとガイドレール1のレール面(摺動面)に垂直な方向に伸びる制動子固定部支持部12bとが略L字状に構成されている。制動子摺動部12は、ガイドレール1と摺動する辺(摺動面構成部12a)の内側に勾配面12cを有する。すなわち、勾配面12cは摺動面構成部12aにおけるガイドレール1との摺動面とは反対側の面側(反ガイドレール側の面側)に構成されている。また、制動子固定部13は上端に向かって先細りとなるように楔形状に構成されている。この楔形状部13aは2つの勾配面13b,13cによって形成されている。第一の勾配面13bは制動子ガイド(ガイド部材)7の勾配面7aと平行或いは略平行であり、勾配面7aと対向するように傾斜している。第二の勾配面13cは制動子摺動部12の勾配面12cと平行或いは略平行であり、勾配面12cと対向するように傾斜している。さらに、制動子摺動部12のガイドレール1に直交する辺(制動子固定部支持部12b)の上面と制動子固定部13の底面とを制動子連結部材14で連結している。また、制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13との高さの差をδv0としている。すなわち、制動子摺動部12における摺動面構成部12aの上端が制動子固定部13の楔形状部13aの上端よりもδv0だけ上方の上枠5に向けて突き出している。なお、本実施例では制動子連結部材14としてゴム部材を適用する。本実施例では制動子連結部材14を一つのゴム部材で構成しているが、複数のゴム部材で構成しても良い。   The braking element sliding portion 12 includes a sliding surface constituting portion 12a extending along the rail surface of the guide rail 1, and a braking element fixing portion supporting portion 12b extending in a direction perpendicular to the rail surface (sliding surface) of the guide rail 1. Is substantially L-shaped. The brake member sliding portion 12 has a slope surface 12c inside a side (sliding surface constituting portion 12a) that slides with the guide rail 1. That is, the inclined surface 12c is configured on the surface side opposite to the sliding surface with the guide rail 1 in the sliding surface constituting portion 12a (surface side on the side opposite to the guide rail). Moreover, the braker fixing | fixed part 13 is comprised by the wedge shape so that it may taper toward an upper end. The wedge-shaped portion 13a is formed by two gradient surfaces 13b and 13c. The first gradient surface 13b is parallel or substantially parallel to the gradient surface 7a of the brake guide (guide member) 7, and is inclined so as to face the gradient surface 7a. The second gradient surface 13c is parallel or substantially parallel to the gradient surface 12c of the brake sliding part 12, and is inclined so as to face the gradient surface 12c. Further, a brake element connecting member 14 connects the upper surface of the side (the brake element fixing part support part 12 b) orthogonal to the guide rail 1 of the brake element sliding part 12 and the bottom surface of the brake element fixing part 13. Also, the difference in height between the brake sliding part 12 and the brake fixing part 13 is δv0. That is, the upper end of the sliding surface constituting portion 12a of the brake piece sliding portion 12 protrudes toward the upper frame 5 by δv0 above the upper end of the wedge-shaped portion 13a of the brake piece fixing portion 13. In this embodiment, a rubber member is used as the brake connection member 14. In this embodiment, the brake connection member 14 is composed of one rubber member, but it may be composed of a plurality of rubber members.

本実施例では、制動子連結部材14は制動子固定部13の底部を制動子摺動部12に連結し、制動子摺動部12の摺動面が制動子連結部材14の側方で制動子連結部材14とガイドレール1との間に介在するように構成されている。そして、制動子摺動部12の高さ寸法が、制動子固定部13の高さ寸法より大きい構造を実現している。   In this embodiment, the brake element connecting member 14 connects the bottom of the brake element fixing portion 13 to the brake element sliding portion 12, and the sliding surface of the brake element sliding portion 12 is braked on the side of the brake element connecting member 14. It is configured to be interposed between the child connecting member 14 and the guide rail 1. And the structure where the height dimension of the brake slider sliding part 12 is larger than the height dimension of the brake element fixing | fixed part 13 is implement | achieved.

本実施例では、制動子ガイド7の勾配面7aと制動子固定部13の第一の勾配面13bとの間に、複数のローラ10を配置している。また、制動子摺動部12の勾配面12cと制動子固定部13の第二の勾配面13cとは直接摺動するように構成している。制動子ガイド7の勾配面7aと制動子固定部13の第一の勾配面13bとは相対的に変位する距離が長いので、複数のローラ10を配置することが好ましい。一方、制動子摺動部12の勾配面12cと制動子固定部13の第二の勾配面13cとは相対的に変位する距離が短いので、直接摺動するように構成し、装置の小型化を図っている。制動子摺動部12の勾配面12cと制動子固定部13の第二の勾配面13cとの間に複数のローラ10を配置してもよい。   In this embodiment, a plurality of rollers 10 are arranged between the slope surface 7a of the brake element guide 7 and the first gradient surface 13b of the brake element fixing portion 13. Further, the gradient surface 12c of the brake element sliding portion 12 and the second gradient surface 13c of the brake element fixing portion 13 are configured to slide directly. Since the distance between the slope surface 7a of the brake guide 7 and the first slope surface 13b of the brake shoe fixing portion 13 is relatively long, it is preferable to dispose a plurality of rollers 10. On the other hand, since the distance of relative displacement between the slope surface 12c of the brake slider sliding portion 12 and the second slope surface 13c of the brake shoe fixing portion 13 is short, it is configured to slide directly, thereby reducing the size of the device. I am trying. A plurality of rollers 10 may be arranged between the slope surface 12 c of the brake piece sliding portion 12 and the second slope surface 13 c of the brake piece fixing portion 13.

次に、図5乃至図8を用いて、本実施例の非常止め装置2の動作を説明する。   Next, the operation of the safety device 2 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

図5は、平常運転時の状態であり、非常止め装置2が動作していない状態を示している。本実施例に示すように平常運転時の制動子摺動部12は、ガイドレール1と接しない位置に配置されている。この状態において制動子8は、図示していない引上げ機構上に配置されており、上方への移動を拘束されている。したがって、制動子8はガイドレール1に当接しないので、乗りかご3の乗り心地に対して悪影響を及ぼすことはない。ここで、弾性体(弾性部材)9とガイドレール1との間の距離をδh0、制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13の高さ差をδv0とする。δh0は、弾性体9の厚みδ9の中心とガイドレール1の幅w1の中心との間の距離である。   FIG. 5 shows a state during normal operation and a state where the safety device 2 is not operating. As shown in this embodiment, the brake sliding part 12 during normal operation is disposed at a position not in contact with the guide rail 1. In this state, the brake element 8 is disposed on a pulling mechanism (not shown) and is restrained from moving upward. Therefore, since the brake element 8 does not contact the guide rail 1, it does not adversely affect the riding comfort of the car 3. Here, the distance between the elastic body (elastic member) 9 and the guide rail 1 is δh0, and the height difference between the brake sliding part 12 and the brake fixing part 13 is δv0. δh0 is a distance between the center of the thickness δ9 of the elastic body 9 and the center of the width w1 of the guide rail 1.

図6に、非常止め装置2の作動状態を示す側面図を示す。図6は、乗りかご3の過速を検出して図示していない引上げ機構が、制動子7を引上げ、制動子摺動部12がガイドレール1に当接し始める状態を示している。この状態においても、弾性体9とガイドレール1との間の距離がδh0であり、制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13との高さの差がδv0である。この状態以降、制動子8が制動子ガイド7とガイドレール1との間に嵌入され、弾性体9を変形させる。これにより、制動子摺動材12とガイドレール1との間に摩擦力が生じ、非常制動が行われる。   FIG. 6 is a side view showing the operating state of the safety device 2. FIG. 6 shows a state in which an overspeed of the car 3 is detected and a pulling mechanism (not shown) pulls up the brake 7 and the brake sliding portion 12 starts to contact the guide rail 1. Even in this state, the distance between the elastic body 9 and the guide rail 1 is δh0, and the height difference between the brake sliding part 12 and the brake fixing part 13 is δv0. After this state, the brake element 8 is fitted between the brake element guide 7 and the guide rail 1 to deform the elastic body 9. As a result, a frictional force is generated between the brake member sliding member 12 and the guide rail 1, and emergency braking is performed.

図7に、図6に対して制動子がさらに引き上げられた作動状態における非常止め装置2の側面図を示す。図7では、図6の状態より更に制動子8が引き上げられ、制動子8によって弾性体9がガイドレール1のレール面に垂直な方向に押し広げられている。この状態では、制動子固定部13の楔形状部13aの上端が上枠5に当接し、弾性体9は最大変形している。この状態では、制動子固定部13のみが上枠5と当接しており、制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13との高さの差がδv1(δv1<δv0)となった位置関係で力が釣り合うことを示している。また、この状態では、弾性体9からの反力により制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13との位置関係も変化し、これらを連結する制動子連結部材14も圧縮、せん断変形する。このせん断変形の復元力により、制動子摺動部12の下方部においてガイドレール1への押圧力を助勢する。なお、この状態で弾性体9とガイドレール1との間の距離がδh1(δh1>δh0)となっており、弾性体9が最大変形している。   FIG. 7 shows a side view of the emergency stop device 2 in an operating state in which the brake is further lifted with respect to FIG. In FIG. 7, the brake element 8 is further lifted from the state of FIG. 6, and the elastic body 9 is pushed and expanded in the direction perpendicular to the rail surface of the guide rail 1 by the brake element 8. In this state, the upper end of the wedge-shaped portion 13a of the brake element fixing portion 13 is in contact with the upper frame 5, and the elastic body 9 is maximally deformed. In this state, only the brake element fixing portion 13 is in contact with the upper frame 5, and the positional relationship is such that the height difference between the brake element sliding portion 12 and the brake element fixing portion 13 is δv1 (δv1 <δv0). Indicates that the forces are balanced. In this state, the positional relationship between the brake sliding part 12 and the brake fixing part 13 also changes due to the reaction force from the elastic body 9, and the brake connecting member 14 that connects them also compresses and shears. The restoring force of the shear deformation assists the pressing force to the guide rail 1 in the lower part of the brake sliding part 12. In this state, the distance between the elastic body 9 and the guide rail 1 is δh1 (δh1> δh0), and the elastic body 9 is maximally deformed.

図8に、図6及び図7に対して非常制動により乗りかご3が停止する間際の作動状態における非常止め装置2の側面図を示す。停止間際の状態では、制動子摺動部12とガイドレール1との間の相対速度が小さくなり、摩擦係数μが増大する。その結果、摩擦力が増大し、制動子摺動部12は上枠5との間に有していた隙間δv1相当分引上げられる。制動子摺動部12の移動に応じて制動子固定部13および制動子ガイド7がガイドレール1方向へ移動し、弾性体9の変形が緩和される。ここで、弾性体9とガイドレール1との間の距離がδh2となる。ここでδh0、δh1およびδh2の関係は、δh0<δh2<δh1である。このとき、δh2−δh1相当分だけ弾性体9の変形が緩和されるため、レール押圧力がその変形相当分小さくなる。   FIG. 8 is a side view of the emergency stop device 2 in an operating state immediately before the car 3 stops due to emergency braking with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7. In a state just before the stop, the relative speed between the brake sliding portion 12 and the guide rail 1 decreases, and the friction coefficient μ increases. As a result, the frictional force is increased, and the brake slider sliding portion 12 is pulled up by an amount corresponding to the gap δv1 provided between the brake frame 12 and the upper frame 5. In accordance with the movement of the brake sliding part 12, the brake fixing part 13 and the brake guide 7 move in the direction of the guide rail 1, and the deformation of the elastic body 9 is alleviated. Here, the distance between the elastic body 9 and the guide rail 1 is δh2. Here, the relationship between δh0, δh1, and δh2 is δh0 <δh2 <δh1. At this time, since the deformation of the elastic body 9 is relieved by the amount corresponding to δh2−δh1, the rail pressing force is reduced by the amount corresponding to the deformation.

次に、図9、図10A及び図10Bを用いて、本実施例の効果を説明する。   Next, the effect of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9, 10A and 10B.

図9に、本実施例により得られる速度v、摩擦係数μ、レール押圧力fの各特性の模擬図を示す。速度vの特性中には破線にて図2に示す非常止め装置200適用時における停止間際の速度特性を示す。この速度特性の差は、本実施例では、停止間際において速度変化が緩やかになることを示している。すなわち、急減速度を抑制することが可能となり、乗客の身体的負担を軽減することができる。本実施例における摩擦係数μの特性は、図2に示す非常止め装置200の特性と同様であり、停止間際になると摩擦係数μが大きくなることを示している。すなわち、本実施例の非常止め装置2の摩擦特性も速度依存性が強いことを示す。本実施例におけるレール押圧力fの特性には、破線にて図2に示す非常止め装置200適用時におけるレール押圧力fの特性を示してある。非常止め装置200の場合、制動子800が制動子ストッパ11に当接したあと一定になる。これに対し、本実施例の非常止め装置2のレール押圧力fは、制動子8がせり上がり、制動子固定部13が上枠5に当接するまで弾性体9の変形に伴って大きくなる。停止間際になると制動子摺動部12が制動力の上昇に伴いさらに引き上げられる。制動子摺動部12におけるこの移動に応じて、弾性体9の変形量が緩和されて、レール押圧力fは徐々に小さくなる。   FIG. 9 shows a simulation diagram of each characteristic of the speed v, the friction coefficient μ, and the rail pressing force f obtained by this embodiment. In the characteristic of the speed v, the speed characteristic just before stopping when the emergency stop device 200 shown in FIG. This difference in speed characteristics indicates that the speed change becomes moderate just before stopping in this embodiment. That is, rapid deceleration can be suppressed, and the physical burden on passengers can be reduced. The characteristic of the friction coefficient μ in this embodiment is the same as the characteristic of the safety device 200 shown in FIG. 2, and shows that the friction coefficient μ increases when the stop is about. That is, the friction characteristic of the safety device 2 of the present embodiment also has a strong speed dependency. In the characteristics of the rail pressing force f in the present embodiment, the characteristics of the rail pressing force f when the emergency stop device 200 shown in FIG. In the case of the emergency stop device 200, it becomes constant after the brake element 800 contacts the brake stopper 11. On the other hand, the rail pressing force f of the safety device 2 of the present embodiment increases with the deformation of the elastic body 9 until the brake element 8 rises and the brake element fixing portion 13 contacts the upper frame 5. When it is just before the stop, the brake slider sliding portion 12 is further lifted as the braking force increases. According to this movement of the brake slider sliding portion 12, the deformation amount of the elastic body 9 is relaxed, and the rail pressing force f gradually decreases.

非常止め装置2の制動力は、図9に示す摩擦係数μとレール押圧力fとの積となる。このため、本実施例では停止間際において制動力が急増することはない。このため、本発明の非常止め装置2は、図9の速度特性に示すように、停止間際の急減速を緩和した非常制動を実現できる。   The braking force of the emergency stop device 2 is the product of the friction coefficient μ and the rail pressing force f shown in FIG. For this reason, in this embodiment, the braking force does not increase suddenly just before stopping. For this reason, the emergency stop device 2 of the present invention can realize emergency braking in which sudden deceleration immediately before stopping is mitigated, as shown in the speed characteristics of FIG.

図10Aに特許文献1に記載の制動子8の概略図を示す。制動子8の全高をh、制動子弾性体14の高さをhr、制動子弾性体13を設置する制動子固定部13の厚さをt、制動子摺動部12の高さをhcとする。本構造にて制動子8の全高hに対する制動子摺動部の高さhcの割合は約68%となる。   FIG. 10A shows a schematic diagram of the brake element 8 described in Patent Document 1. FIG. The overall height of the brake element 8 is h, the height of the brake element elastic body 14 is hr, the thickness of the brake element fixing part 13 for installing the brake element elastic body 13 is t, and the height of the brake element sliding part 12 is hc. To do. In this structure, the ratio of the height hc of the brake sliding portion to the total height h of the brake 8 is about 68%.

図10Bに本実施例の制動子8の概略図を示す。制動子8の全高をh、制動子弾性体14の高さをhr、制動子弾性体13を設置する制動子摺動部12の厚さをt、制動子摺動部12の高さをhc’とする。本実施例の構成によれば制動子8の全高hに対する制動子摺動部の高さhc’の割合は約93%となる。したがって、本実施例の構成によれば、制動子8の全高に対して制動子摺動部12の高さ寸法を特許文献1に記載の構造よりも1.37倍確保することができる。これにより、制動子摺動部12の面圧は1/1.37とすることが可能となる。この結果、図2に示す非常止め装置200の制動子800の高さと比較してもほぼ同等の摺動面積を確保できる。このため、非常止め装置2に従来適用していた摺動材を適用することができる。   FIG. 10B shows a schematic diagram of the brake element 8 of this embodiment. The overall height of the brake element 8 is h, the height of the brake element elastic body 14 is hr, the thickness of the brake element sliding part 12 where the brake element elastic body 13 is installed is t, and the height of the brake element sliding part 12 is hc. 'And. According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the ratio of the height hc ′ of the brake sliding portion to the total height h of the brake 8 is about 93%. Therefore, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the height dimension of the brake sliding part 12 can be secured 1.37 times that of the structure described in Patent Document 1 with respect to the total height of the brake 8. Thereby, the surface pressure of the brake sliding part 12 can be set to 1 / 1.37. As a result, even when compared with the height of the brake element 800 of the safety device 200 shown in FIG. For this reason, the sliding material conventionally applied to the emergency stop device 2 can be applied.

上述したように、本実施例では、制動子固定部13の上方に、非常止め装置の作動時に制動子固定部13の上端と接触して制動子固定部13の上方への移動を規制する規制部が、上枠5の下面によって構成されている。また、制動子固定部13の上端が前記規制部に接触するまで、制動子摺動部12の上端は制動子固定部13の上端に対して低い位置にある。このため、制動子固定部13の上端が前記規制部に当接して上方への移動を規制された状態で、制動子摺動部12の上端がさらに上方に移動できる。このように、本実施例では、制動子固定部13の上端が前記規制部に当接した後、制動子摺動部12の上端がさらに上方に移動するための空間が、制動子固定部13の上端と制動子摺動部12の上端との高低差によって構成されている。   As described above, in this embodiment, the restriction that restricts the upward movement of the braker fixing part 13 by contacting the upper end of the braker fixing part 13 when the emergency stop device is operated above the braker fixing part 13. The part is constituted by the lower surface of the upper frame 5. Further, the upper end of the brake slider sliding portion 12 is at a lower position than the upper end of the brake child fixing portion 13 until the upper end of the brake child fixing portion 13 contacts the restriction portion. For this reason, the upper end of the brake sliding part 12 can move further upward in a state where the upper end of the brake fixing part 13 is in contact with the restricting part and the upward movement is restricted. As described above, in this embodiment, after the upper end of the brake element fixing portion 13 comes into contact with the restricting portion, the space for the upper end of the brake element sliding portion 12 to move further upward is the brake element fixing portion 13. And the difference in height between the upper end of the brake member sliding portion 12 and the upper end of the brake member sliding portion 12.

本発明に係る非常止め装置2の第二実施例を、図11を用いて説明する。   A second embodiment of the safety device 2 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

実施例1では制動子連結部材14としてゴム部材を適用することを説明した。本実施例では、ゴム部材を適用する代わりに、板ばね17を適用する。図11に、板ばね17を適用した構成を示す。本実施例の非常止め装置2の制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13とは、非常制動期間中に紙面上下および水平方向に相対変位する。このため、本実施例での板ばね17は制動子摺動部12とは完全固定とし、制動子固定部13とは水平方向移動可能な連結構成とした。本発明に係る非常止め装置2では、制動子摺動部12と制動子固定部13との相対変位を許容する構成とすれば良い。このため、板ばね17は制動子摺動部12に対して水平方向に移動可能とし、制動子固定部13に対して完全固定としても良い。本構成とすれば、制動子連結部材14にゴム材を適用する際に生じる経年劣化の課題を解決できる。   In the first embodiment, it has been described that a rubber member is applied as the brake connection member 14. In this embodiment, the leaf spring 17 is applied instead of the rubber member. FIG. 11 shows a configuration to which the leaf spring 17 is applied. The braking element sliding portion 12 and the braking element fixing portion 13 of the emergency stop device 2 of the present embodiment are relatively displaced in the vertical and horizontal directions on the paper surface during the emergency braking period. For this reason, the leaf spring 17 in this embodiment is completely fixed to the brake slider sliding portion 12 and has a connecting configuration that can move in the horizontal direction with respect to the brake clamp fixing portion 13. The emergency stop device 2 according to the present invention may be configured to allow relative displacement between the brake sliding part 12 and the brake fixing part 13. For this reason, the leaf spring 17 may be movable in the horizontal direction with respect to the brake sliding part 12 and may be completely fixed with respect to the brake fixed part 13. With this configuration, it is possible to solve the problem of aging that occurs when a rubber material is applied to the brake connection member 14.

上記相対変位を可能にすることができれば、実施例1や本実施例で説明したもの以外の弾性部材を用いてもよい。また、本実施例において、制動子連結部材14以外の構成は、実施例1と同様である。   As long as the relative displacement can be achieved, an elastic member other than those described in the first embodiment and the present embodiment may be used. In the present embodiment, the configuration other than the brake connection member 14 is the same as that of the first embodiment.

本発明に係る非常止め装置2の第三実施例を、図12を用いて説明する。図12に、本発明に係る非常止め装置2の側面図を示す。   A third embodiment of the safety device 2 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 shows a side view of the safety device 2 according to the present invention.

本実施例では、制動子摺動部12の高さ寸法を図5に示す第一実施例よりも大きくしている。本実施例では、非常止め装置2が動作していない状態で、制動子摺動部12の上端と制動子固定部13の上端との高さ位置を同じにしている。これにより、制動子摺動部12の摺動面積を大きくすることができる。しかし、制動子固定部13が上枠5に当接した後、制動子摺動部12がさらに上方に向けて移動(制動子固定部13に対して相対変位)できるようにする必要がある。このため、停止間際に制動子摺動部12が当接する上枠5の部分に、上枠凹部15を設けている。   In this embodiment, the height of the brake slider sliding portion 12 is made larger than that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the height positions of the upper end of the brake sliding part 12 and the upper end of the brake fixing part 13 are made the same while the safety device 2 is not operating. Thereby, the sliding area of the brake sliding part 12 can be enlarged. However, after the brake element fixing portion 13 comes into contact with the upper frame 5, it is necessary to allow the brake element sliding portion 12 to move further upward (relative displacement with respect to the brake element fixing portion 13). For this reason, the upper frame recessed part 15 is provided in the part of the upper frame 5 with which the brake sliding part 12 contacts just before stopping.

本実施例では、制動子固定部13の上方に、非常止め装置の作動時に制動子固定部13の上端と接触して制動子固定部13の上方への移動を規制する規制部が、上枠5に設けられている。また、制動子摺動部12の上端が制動子固定部13の上端よりもさらに上方に移動できるように制動子摺動部12の上端を受け入れる空間が、前記規制部の側方に、上枠凹部15によって形成されている。   In the present embodiment, a restricting portion that contacts the upper end of the brake element fixing portion 13 when the emergency stop device is operated and restricts the upward movement of the brake element fixing portion 13 is provided above the brake element fixing portion 13. 5 is provided. In addition, a space for receiving the upper end of the brake sliding part 12 so that the upper end of the brake sliding part 12 can move further upward than the upper end of the brake fixing part 13 has an upper frame on the side of the restricting part. It is formed by the recess 15.

このような構成とすることで、図9に示した停止間際の急減速を緩和する効果を有することができる。また、図5に示す実施例よりも摺動部の面圧を低下できるために、より大きな摩擦係数を確保できる。   With such a configuration, it is possible to have an effect of alleviating the sudden deceleration immediately before stopping shown in FIG. Moreover, since the surface pressure of the sliding portion can be reduced as compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a larger friction coefficient can be secured.

上述した構成以外の構成は、第一実施例と同様である。また、本実施例に、第二実施例の板ばね17を適用してもよい。   Configurations other than those described above are the same as in the first embodiment. Moreover, you may apply the leaf | plate spring 17 of a 2nd Example to a present Example.

本発明に係る非常止め装置2の第四実施例を、図13を用いて説明する。図13に、本発明に係る非常止め装置2の側面図を示す。   A fourth embodiment of the safety device 2 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 shows a side view of the safety device 2 according to the present invention.

本実施例は、弾性体9の変形量を調整する目的で設置される制動子ストッパ11を、本発明に係る非常止め装置2に適用したものである。詳細には、制動子固定部13が当接する部位(制動子固定部当接部)16aの高さと制動子摺動部12が当接する部位(制動子摺動部当接部)16bの高さとが異なる段差ストッパ(ストッパ部材)16を上枠5に設置する。本構成とすることで、制動子固定部13が当接する部位の段差ストッパ16の高さをhs1として制動子8の引上げ量を調整する。これにより、弾性体9の変形量を調整する。また、制動子固定部13が当接する部位の高さと制動子摺動部12が当接する部位の高さとの差であるhs2を調整することで、停止間際における制動子摺動部12の更なる引上げ量を調整する。このような構成とすれば、段差ストッパ16の形状を変更するだけで、異なる制動力が必要となる場合でも対応することが可能となる。   In this embodiment, the brake stopper 11 installed for the purpose of adjusting the deformation amount of the elastic body 9 is applied to the emergency stop device 2 according to the present invention. More specifically, the height of the portion (braking element fixing portion abutting portion) 16a with which the brake element fixing portion 13 abuts and the height of the portion (braking element sliding portion abutting portion) 16b with which the brake element sliding portion 12 abuts. Step stoppers (stopper members) 16 having different sizes are installed on the upper frame 5. With this configuration, the pull-up amount of the brake 8 is adjusted by setting the height of the step stopper 16 at the site where the brake-fixing portion 13 abuts to hs1. Thereby, the deformation amount of the elastic body 9 is adjusted. Further, by adjusting hs2 which is the difference between the height of the portion where the brake element fixing portion 13 abuts and the height of the portion where the brake element sliding portion 12 abuts, further adjustment of the brake element sliding portion 12 immediately before stopping is performed. Adjust the pull-up amount. With such a configuration, it is possible to cope with a case where a different braking force is required only by changing the shape of the step stopper 16.

本実施例では、制動子固定部13の上方に、非常止め装置の作動時に制動子固定部13の上端と接触して制動子固定部13の上方への移動を規制する規制部が、段差ストッパ16の制動子固定部当接部16aで構成されている。また、制動子摺動部12の上端が制動子固定部13の上端よりもさらに上方に移動できるように制動子摺動部12の上端を受け入れる空間が、前記規制部の側方に、制動子固定部当接部16aと制動子摺動部当接部16bとの段差によって形成されている。   In the present embodiment, a restricting part that is in contact with the upper end of the braker fixing part 13 during operation of the emergency stop device and restricts the upward movement of the braker fixing part 13 is provided above the braker fixing part 13. It consists of 16 braker fixing part contact parts 16a. In addition, a space for receiving the upper end of the brake sliding part 12 so that the upper end of the brake sliding part 12 can move further upward than the upper end of the brake fixing part 13 is located on the side of the restricting part. It is formed by a step between the fixed portion contact portion 16a and the brake member sliding portion contact portion 16b.

上述した構成以外の構成は、第一実施例或いは第三の実施例と同様である。図13では、制動子8として、第三実施例と同様な構成を示している。しかし、第一の実施例と同様な制動子を用いてもよい。また、本実施例に、第二実施例の板ばね17を適用してもよい。   Configurations other than those described above are the same as those in the first or third embodiment. In FIG. 13, the brake 8 has the same configuration as that of the third embodiment. However, the same brake element as in the first embodiment may be used. Moreover, you may apply the leaf | plate spring 17 of a 2nd Example to a present Example.

なお、本発明は上記した各実施例に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上記した実施例は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施例の構成の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。   In addition, this invention is not limited to each above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

1…ガイドレール、2…非常止め装置、3…乗りかご(昇降体)、4…ロープ、5…上枠、6…下枠、7…制動子ガイド、8…制動子、9…弾性体、10…ローラ、11…制動子ストッパ、12…制動子摺動部、12a…摺動面構成部、12b…制動子固定部支持部、12c…勾配面、13…制動子固定部、13a…楔形状部、13b,13c…勾配面、14…制動子連結部材、15…上枠凹部、16…段差ストッパ、17…板ばね。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Guide rail, 2 ... Emergency stop device, 3 ... Riding car (elevating body), 4 ... Rope, 5 ... Upper frame, 6 ... Lower frame, 7 ... Braking guide, 8 ... Braking, 9 ... Elastic body, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Roller, 11 ... Brake stopper, 12 ... Brake sliding part, 12a ... Sliding surface structure part, 12b ... Brake fixing part support part, 12c ... Gradient surface, 13 ... Brake fixing part, 13a ... Wedge Shape part, 13b, 13c ... slope surface, 14 ... brake element connecting member, 15 ... upper frame recess, 16 ... step stopper, 17 ... leaf spring.

Claims (7)

昇降路内に設置されたガイドレールによって案内される昇降体と、前記昇降体に取り付けられた非常止め装置とを備え、前記非常止め装置が、前記ガイドレールの摺動面に対向するように対となって配置される制動子と、前記制動子を前記ガイドレールの摺動面に押付ける弾性部材と、前記弾性部材と前記制動子との間に配置され作動時における制動子の移動方向に沿って前記ガイドレールの摺動面との間隔が狭まるように傾斜した勾配面を有するガイド部材と、前記制動子と前記ガイド部材との間に配置される複数のローラとを備え、前記制動子が、前記ガイド部材の勾配面と対向する第一の勾配面と前記第一の勾配面と共に楔形状を成すように傾斜した第二の勾配面とを有する制動子固定部と、ガイドレール側に前記ガイドレールの摺動面と摺動する摺動面を有し反ガイドレール側に前記制動子固定部の第二の勾配面と対向するように傾斜した勾配面を有する制動子摺動部と、前記制動子摺動部と前記制動子固定部とを相対変位可能に連結する連結部材とを備えたエレベーターにおいて、
前記連結部材は前記制動子固定部の底部を前記制動子摺動部に連結し、前記制動子摺動部の摺動面が前記連結部材の側方で前記連結部材と前記ガイドレールとの間に介在するように構成され、
前記制動子摺動部の高さ寸法が、前記制動子固定部の高さ寸法より大きいことを特徴とするエレベーター。
A lifting body guided by a guide rail installed in the hoistway, and an emergency stop device attached to the lifting body, the emergency stop device facing the sliding surface of the guide rail. A braking element disposed in the direction of the guide rail, an elastic member that presses the braking element against the sliding surface of the guide rail, and an elastic member that is disposed between the elastic member and the braking element in the moving direction of the braking element during operation. And a guide member having an inclined surface inclined so as to narrow a distance between the guide rail and the sliding surface of the guide rail, and a plurality of rollers disposed between the brake element and the guide member. A brake element fixing portion having a first gradient surface facing the gradient surface of the guide member and a second gradient surface inclined so as to form a wedge shape together with the first gradient surface; and on the guide rail side Sliding of the guide rail A brake sliding part having a sloped surface inclined to face the second slope of the braker fixing part on the side opposite to the guide rail, and the braker sliding part And an elevator including a connecting member that connects the braker fixing portion so as to be relatively displaceable,
The connecting member connects a bottom portion of the brake element fixing portion to the brake element sliding portion, and a sliding surface of the brake element sliding portion is between the connecting member and the guide rail at a side of the connecting member. Configured to intervene in,
The elevator characterized in that a height dimension of the brake piece sliding portion is larger than a height dimension of the brake piece fixing portion.
請求項1に記載のエレベーターにおいて、
前記制動子摺動部は、外形が略L字状をしており、前記ガイドレールと直交する辺の上面に前記制動子固定部の底面が連結部材により連結されていることを特徴とするエレベーター。
In the elevator according to claim 1,
The elevator is characterized in that the brake slider sliding portion has a substantially L-shaped outer shape, and a bottom surface of the brake clamp fixing portion is connected to a top surface of a side orthogonal to the guide rail by a connecting member. .
請求項1又は2に記載のエレベーターにおいて、
上枠及び下枠を有する枠体を備え、
前記制動子固定部の上方に、前記非常止め装置の作動時に前記制動子固定部の上端と接触して前記制動子固定部の上方への移動を規制する規制部が設けられ、前記制動子摺動部の上端が前記制動子固定部の上端よりもさらに上方に移動できるように前記制動子摺動部の上端を受け入れる空間が前記規制部の側方に設けられたことを特徴とするエレベーター。
In the elevator according to claim 1 or 2,
A frame having an upper frame and a lower frame;
Above the brake element fixing part, a restricting part is provided that contacts the upper end of the brake element fixing part when the emergency stop device is operated and restricts the upward movement of the brake element fixing part. An elevator characterized in that a space for receiving the upper end of the brake sliding part is provided on the side of the restricting part so that the upper end of the moving part can move further upward than the upper end of the brake fixing part.
請求項3に記載のエレベーターにおいて、
上枠及び下枠を有する枠体を備え、
前記規制部は前記上枠の下面によって構成され、前記制動子摺動部の上端を受け入れる空間は前記上枠の下面に形成された凹部よって構成されることを特徴とするエレベーター。
In the elevator according to claim 3,
A frame having an upper frame and a lower frame;
The elevator characterized in that the restricting portion is constituted by a lower surface of the upper frame, and a space for receiving the upper end of the brake sliding portion is constituted by a recess formed in the lower surface of the upper frame.
請求項3に記載のエレベーターにおいて、
上枠及び下枠を有する枠体を備え、
前記上枠の下面に、前記制動子固定部が当接する制動子固定部当接部と前記制動子摺動部が当接する制動子摺動部当接部とを有するストッパ部材を設け、前記制動子固定部当接部に対して前記制動子摺動部当接部が上方に位置することにより、前記規制部と前記空間とが構成されたことを特徴とするエレベーター。
In the elevator according to claim 3,
A frame having an upper frame and a lower frame;
A stopper member is provided on the lower surface of the upper frame. The stopper member includes a braker fixing part abutting part on which the braker fixing part abuts and a braker sliding part abutting part on which the braker sliding part abuts. The elevator characterized in that the restricting portion and the space are configured by positioning the brake slider sliding portion abutting portion above the child fixing portion abutting portion.
請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のエレベーターにおいて、
前記連結部材に少なくとも一つ以上のゴム部材を適用したことを特徴とするエレベーター。
In the elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
An elevator comprising at least one rubber member applied to the connecting member.
請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のエレベーターにおいて、
前記連結部材に板ばね材を適用し、前記板ばね材を前記制動子摺動部又は前記制動子固定部のいずれか一方に固定し、他方に対して水平方向に移動可能に設置したことを特徴とするエレベーター。
In the elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A leaf spring material is applied to the connecting member, the leaf spring material is fixed to either the brake slider sliding part or the brake element fixing part, and installed so as to be movable in the horizontal direction with respect to the other. A featured elevator.
JP2013138647A 2013-07-02 2013-07-02 Elevator Pending JP2015009981A (en)

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