JP6031414B2 - Elevator emergency stop device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an emergency stop device for an elevator.

  Conventionally, in an elevator, an emergency stop device is used to safely stop a car at an appropriate deceleration when the car descends beyond a speed limit for some reason. The emergency stop device has, for example, a structure in which a guide rail for guiding a car is sandwiched between a brake and an elastic body attached to the lower part of the car, and the car is braked by a frictional force generated between the guide rail and the brake.

  Various problems and improvements have been attempted for the emergency stop device. For example, when the frictional force between the guide rail and the brake element changes due to various causes, it immediately appears as a change in the braking force. In this case, the braking deceleration for the car changes, causing not only discomfort to the passengers but also a problem that stable braking cannot be obtained.

  On the other hand, for example, Patent Document 1 is known as a conventional technique for maintaining a constant deceleration, that is, a braking force when the car is safely stopped at an appropriate deceleration.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a wedge-shaped body in an emergency stop device for an elevator that uses a wedge-shaped body to press a sliding portion against a guide rail, thereby generating a frictional force between the sliding portion and the guide rail to emergency stop the elevator car. A technology that changes the wedge-shaped dimensions perpendicular to the guide rail to the sliding surface of the guide rail and the sliding portion according to the change of the braking force and keeps the braking force constant regardless of the change of the friction coefficient. Have been described.

  In general, the dynamic friction coefficient takes a constant value determined by the material of the sliding material and the state of the sliding surface regardless of the sliding speed, but in the region where the sliding speed exceeds 10 m / s, the dynamic friction increases with the speed. The coefficient decreases. In the conventional elevator emergency stop device, the pair of wedges are pressed against the guide rail by a preset spring force. Therefore, the change of the dynamic friction coefficient becomes the change of the braking force, and the emergency braking by the elevator emergency stop device is the braking. Initially, the speed is high and the coefficient of friction is small, so the deceleration is small. Immediately before stopping, the speed is slow and the friction coefficient is large, so the deceleration increases rapidly. For example, in emergency braking at a speed of 15 m / s or more, the deceleration immediately before the stop becomes very large, and the burden on the passenger increases.

  The elevator emergency stop device of the cited document 1 is provided with a mechanism for changing the dimension of the wedge-shaped sliding member in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the sliding member slides with the guide rail according to the braking force. It is possible to keep the braking force of the elevator emergency stop device constant by adjusting the pressing force.

JP 2001-192184 A

  However, the above-described emergency stop device described in Patent Document 1 compresses the elastic body installed on the upper part of the sliding portion in order to change the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface in accordance with the braking force. The structure of changing the dimension in the direction orthogonal to the sliding surface to reduce the pressing force generated by the U-shaped leaf spring. Therefore, in order to reduce the pressing force of the leaf spring, it is necessary to increase the amount of deflection of the elastic body. For this reason, there is a problem that the size of the elastic body increases and the size of the emergency stop device itself increases. It was.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an elevator emergency stop device that can maintain a constant braking force during deceleration without increasing the size of the emergency stop device. There is to do.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention generates a braking force by pressing and sliding a brake element on a guide rail in order to stop a car when the car descends beyond a speed limit. In an emergency stop device for an elevator, if an elastic body that generates pressing force is divided into a plurality of parts along the axial direction of the guide rail, and the brake element exceeds the predetermined value of the braking force, some of the divided elastic bodies It is characterized by a structure that pushes out.

  That is, in order to stop the car descending beyond the speed limit, the guide rail installed along the hoistway is inclined with a wedge-shaped brake element having an inclined surface and an inclined surface engaging with the brake element. Body, and an emergency stop device for an elevator that generates a braking force by pressing with an elastic body, the elastic body is composed of a plurality of elastic bodies, and the plurality of elastic bodies are arranged along the guide rail axial direction, Provided with an elastic force release device that releases the pressure from a plurality of elastic bodies to the required number of elastic bodies according to the braking force when the braking force exceeds a specified value during braking by the emergency stop device It is characterized by.

  Further, the plurality of elastic bodies are arranged along the guide rail axial direction, and the elastic force release device is operated by a mechanical mechanism using a relative movement amount of the brake element with respect to the safety device main body.

  According to the present invention, a guide rail installed along a hoistway is provided with a wedge-shaped brake element having an inclined surface and an inclination for engaging with the brake element in order to stop the car descending beyond the speed limit. In an elevator emergency stop device that generates a braking force by pressing with an inclined body and an elastic body, the elastic body is composed of a plurality of elastic bodies, and the plurality of elastic bodies extend along the guide rail axial direction. If the braking force exceeds a specified value during braking by the emergency stop device, the elastic force releasing device releases the pressing of the required number of elastic bodies to the brakes according to the braking force. When braking with the emergency stop device, the size of the emergency stop device can be increased by expanding some of the divided elastic bodies when the braking force exceeds the preset value and suppressing the braking force. Can be prevented.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the elevator which has an emergency stop apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the cage | basket | car which has an emergency stop apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4 during braking. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4 during braking. It is a front view which shows the brake element of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a side view which shows the brake element of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator which concerns on Example 4 of this invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of an elevator safety device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of an elevator equipped with the safety device 10 of the present invention. The car 1 is connected to one end of a plurality of main ropes 3 wound around a hoist 22 and a pulley 30, and a counterweight 5 is attached to the other end. The car 1 is guided by the left and right guide rails 2 and moves up and down in the hoistway S. The emergency stop device 4 is attached to the lower portion of the car 1 for each guide rail 2, and the left and right are connected to operate simultaneously.

  The elevator is provided with a governor device 24 for detecting the speed limit, and a governor rope 28 is wound around the upper and lower pulleys 25, 29, and is connected to the car 1 by a connecting bar 26, and is taken by a control device (not shown). The raising / lowering speed of the car 1 is regulated by a predetermined method. A gripping member 23 that grips the governor rope 28 and decelerates when the car 1 exceeds the speed limit is provided. The connecting bar 26 is connected to the pulling bar 9 of the safety device 4.

  Next, the operation for operating the safety device will be described. When the descending speed of the car 1 exceeds the specified speed limit, the governor rope 28 is gripped by the gripping member 23. When the governor rope 28 is gripped, the moving speed of the governor rope 28 becomes slower than the car speed. As a result, the pulling bar 9 is pulled up by the connecting bar 26 attached to the governor rope 28, the brake of the emergency stop device 4 is pulled up, and braking is performed. The child and the guide rail 2 come into contact with each other to generate a braking force, and the car 1 is stopped at a predetermined deceleration.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a car having the safety device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the elevator includes a car 1 that moves up and down in the hoistway S, a guide rail 2 that is erected in pairs in the hoistway S and guides the raising and lowering of the car 1, A rope 3 having one end connected to the car 1 and an emergency stop device 4 disposed at the lower part of the car 1 and brakes the car 1 when the car is lowered beyond the speed limit are provided.

  Next, the emergency stop device according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the elevator safety device according to the first embodiment. The emergency stop device 4 is connected to a pair of left and right braking elements 41 so as to sandwich the guide rail 2 and is connected to a pulling bar (not shown) and guides the braking elements 41 when the car exceeds the speed limit. A pulling portion P that is brought into sliding contact with the rail 2 is provided. The emergency stop device 4 includes an inclined body 44 that guides the brake element 41, a roller 45 provided between the brake element 41 and the inclined body 44, and an emergency stop apparatus body 46 that supports these components.

  The brake element 41 has a friction surface 41b that contacts the guide rail 2 and an inclined surface 41a provided on the opposite side of the friction surface 41b. The inclined body 44 has a guide surface 44 a that guides the brake 41 through the roller 45.

  Outside the inclined body 44, a guide is formed of a spring having a substantially U-shaped cross section that applies a pressing force toward the guide rail 2 to the brake element 41 via the inclined body 44 and the roller 45 during braking. An elastic body composed of an upper elastic body 42 and a lower elastic body 43 having the same dimensions is provided along the rail axis direction (guide rail longitudinal direction, hereinafter the same).

  4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the safety device 4 according to the first embodiment includes an elastic force release device R. The elastic force release device R is provided on the back surface of the brake element 41, and has a second inclined body 47 having an inclined surface 47a that pushes the upper elastic body 42 when the braking force exceeds a specified value, and a second inclined body 47. A third inclined body 48 having an inclined surface 48a opposite to the inclined surface 47a, and a roller 49 disposed between the inclined surface 47a and the inclined surface 48a. Reference numeral 41c denotes a locking portion provided on the back surface of the brake element 41. When the brake element 41 is pulled upward in FIG. 5 in the guide rail axial direction, it engages with the lower portion of the second inclined body 47, and the second The inclined body 47 is urged upward along the guide rail axial direction.

  The second inclined body 47 is supported by the safety device main body 46 so as to be movable in the vertical direction along the guide rail axial direction. The third inclined body 48 is supported by the safety device main body 46 so as to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the guide rail axial direction. In a normal state, the third inclined body is pressed in the guide rail direction by the elastic force of the upper elastic body 42, so that the second inclined body 47 moves downward in the guide rail axial direction.

  In the first embodiment, when the car 1 descends beyond the speed limit for some reason, the governor rope 28 grasping operation of the governor 24 is started before the lowering speed exceeds 1.4 times the speed limit. The pulling bar 9 and the pulling portion P pull up the brake 41, and the brake 41 is pressed against the guide rail 2 by the wedge action of the inclined body 44 and the inclined surface of the brake 41, and the friction force between the brake 41 and the guide rail 2 Brakes the car 1.

  Next, the operation of the elastic force release device according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the elevator safety device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 shows a state during braking in which the brake element 41 of the emergency stop device is pressed against the guide rail 2 during lowering beyond the speed limit. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4 during braking. FIG. 7 shows an operating state of the elastic force release device when the brake element 41 of the emergency stop device 4 is pressed against the guide rail 2 during lowering beyond the speed limit.

  In the first embodiment, if the braking force generated by the frictional force of the safety device is equal to or less than the specified value, the brake element 41 is in contact with the lower surface of the second inclined body 47 as shown in FIGS. Generate braking force with. In this case, the elastic force of the upper elastic body 42 and the lower elastic body 43 is transmitted to the brake element 41 via the inclined body 44 and presses the brake element 41 against the guide rail 2.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an emergency stop device for an elevator according to the present invention. In FIG. 8, when a braking force exceeding a specified value is generated during the descent exceeding the speed limit, the elastic force release device is activated, and the upper elastic body 42 of the emergency stop device 4 is released from the inclined body 44. The state of time is shown.

  FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4 when the elastic force releasing device is activated. Corresponding to FIG. 8, FIG. 9 shows that the elastic force release device R operates when a braking force exceeding a specified value is generated during the descent exceeding the speed limit, and the upper elastic body 42 of the emergency stop device 4 is inclined. The state when the pressure is released with respect to 44 is shown. FIG. 10A is a front view showing a brake piece of the safety device of Example 1, and FIG. 10B is a side view of the brake piece.

  When the braking force generated by the frictional force of the emergency stop device becomes a braking force exceeding a specified value, the brake element 41 is provided with the emergency stop device body 46 of the emergency stop device 4 as shown in FIGS. On the other hand, it moves further upward in the guide rail axial direction than in normal operation. At this time, the locking portion 41 c of the brake element 41 contacts the lower surface of the second inclined body 47 and further pushes up the second inclined body 47.

  By this operation, as shown in FIG. 9, the upper elastic body 42 is pushed and spread in the horizontal direction by the third inclined body 48 via the second roller 49. The expanded upper elastic body 42 is separated from the inclined body 44 and the brake 41 and the pressing force to the guide rail 2 is released. Accordingly, the spring force of the elastic body acting on the brake element 41 is reduced in accordance with the amount of movement of the brake element 41 in the guide rail axial direction upward, thereby suppressing the generation of the braking force exceeding the specified value. .

  When the braking force decreases below the specified value again, the upper elastic body 42 pushes the second inclined body 47 back downward in the guide rail axial direction via the second roller 49, and thereby the braking force of the brake element 41. Returns to the specified value again. In this way, the emergency stop device according to the first embodiment can always ensure a braking force in a range not exceeding the specified value.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an elevator safety device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the first embodiment, the release of the spring force of the elastic body by the elastic force release device R is performed by a so-called cam mechanism that moves the inclined body by the brake element 41.

  On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the link mechanism L is used as the mechanism by the elastic force releasing device R. The second inclined body 47 pushed up by the locking portion 41c of the brake element 41 opens the third inclined body 48 to the left and right via the link mechanism L, and spreads the elastic body 42 to release the pressure on the brake element 41. To do. The second inclined body 47 and the third inclined body 48 have been described using the form of the first embodiment for convenience, but it is not necessary to use the inclined surfaces as cam surfaces, so long as the shapes do not interfere with each other. . In any case, it is desirable to use a mechanical mechanism to safely brake in the event of a power failure.

  12A and 12B are schematic views showing an elevator safety device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the present invention, the pressing force applied to the brake as a whole by the plurality of divided elastic bodies is set so that an appropriate braking force is applied to the emergency stop device by the dynamic friction coefficient that is applied during normal operation. In this case, since the spring force of the elastic body to be released is determined according to the braking speed, the dynamic friction coefficient, and other conditions, the elastic body can be divided at an arbitrary ratio as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B.

  FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an elevator safety device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In each of the embodiments described above, in the elastic force release device, the elastic body is divided into the upper elastic body 42 and the lower elastic body 43. However, the elastic body for pressing the brake against the rail is further divided into an elastic force. The release device R may have a structure in which some of the elastic bodies divided in multiple stages are pushed out according to the required braking force. According to this configuration, the braking force can be adjusted more smoothly. For example, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 may be stacked in multiple stages in the guide rail axial direction.

  On the other hand, in Example 4, the number of elastic bodies that are automatically released is increased in accordance with the amount of movement of the brake element in the safety device.

  That is, the third inclined body 148 first releases the pressure on the brake of the upper elastic body 142 by the amount of movement of the second inclined body 147 along the guide rail axial direction. Further, when the second inclined body 147 moves upward in FIG. 13 along the guide rail axial direction in the safety device, the second third inclined body 149 presses the brake of the lower elastic body 143. To release. Reference numeral 144 denotes a second lower elastic body. Thus, according to the configuration of the fourth embodiment, the braking force can be controlled automatically and smoothly.

  Moreover, although each said Example demonstrated as a structure which installs an emergency stop apparatus in a passenger car, it can also be set as the structure which installs an emergency stop apparatus in a counterweight.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Car 2 Guide rail 3 Rope 4 Emergency stop device 41 Braking element 41a Inclined surface 41b Friction surface 41c Locking part 42, 142 Upper elastic body 43, 143, 144 Lower elastic body 44 Inclined body 45 Roller 46 Emergency stop device main body 47, 147 second inclined body 48, 148, 149 third inclined body 49 second roller S hoistway P pulling portion
L link

Claims (9)

In order to stop the car descending beyond the speed limit, a guide rail installed along the hoistway is provided with a wedge-shaped brake element having an inclined surface and an inclined body having an inclined surface engaged with the brake element. In an emergency stop device for an elevator that generates a braking force by pressing with an elastic body,
The elastic body is composed of a plurality of elastic bodies, the plurality of elastic bodies are arranged along the guide rail axial direction, and when braking force exceeds a specified value during braking by the emergency stop device, An emergency stop device for an elevator, comprising: an elastic force release device that releases a required number of elastic bodies from the plurality of elastic bodies against the brake element according to the braking force.   The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic force release device is operated by a mechanical mechanism using a movement amount of the brake element with respect to the emergency stop device main body. apparatus.   3. The elevator safety device according to claim 2, wherein the elastic force release device converts movement of the brake element in the guide rail axial direction into movement in a direction orthogonal to the guide rail axial direction, and the braking of the elastic body is performed. An elevator emergency stop device comprising a cam mechanism for releasing pressure on a child.   The elevator safety device according to claim 3, wherein the cam mechanism is engaged with a second inclined body that is movable in a guide rail axial direction provided in the emergency stop device, and the second inclined body. A third inclined body that is movable in a direction orthogonal to the guide rail axial direction, and an engagement provided on the brake that engages with the second inclined body and moves the second inclined body in the guide rail axial direction. An elevator emergency stop device comprising a stop portion.   The elevator emergency stop device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the elastic body includes an upper elastic body and a lower elastic body, and the upper elastic body is pressed against the brake element by the elastic force. An elevator emergency stop device that is released by a release device.   6. The elevator safety device according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the dimension of the upper elastic body to the lower elastic body in the guide rail axial direction is set according to a predetermined value of a braking force required by the elevator. An emergency stop device for an elevator,   5. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic force release device is required from the plurality of elastic bodies according to a movement amount of the brake element relative to the emergency stop device main body. An emergency stop device for an elevator that sequentially releases a number of the elastic bodies against the brake element.   The elevator emergency stop device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plurality of elastic bodies are configured such that the pressing force applied to all of the elastic bodies by the elastic bodies is a normal dynamic friction coefficient. An emergency stop device for an elevator, which is set so as to give an appropriate braking force to the child.   3. The elevator safety device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic force release device converts movement of the brake element in the guide rail axial direction into movement in a direction perpendicular to the guide rail axial direction, and An elevator emergency stop device having a link mechanism for releasing a pressure on a brake element.

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