JP2013151356A - Elevator emergency stop device and elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevator including an emergency stop device capable of adjusting a vertical direction pressing force of a braking element and obtaining a stable braking force without increasing the size of the device and the number of components even if using an elastic body having a large spring constant.SOLUTION: A braking element 11 includes a contact plate 15 mounted on a back face 16 of the braking element 11 facing a guide member, and a pressure regulating plate 17 is detachably interposed between the back face 16 and the contact plate 15 to adjust the pressing force received by the braking element 11 from the guide member. The pressure regulating plate 17 is interposed between the braking element 11 and the contact plate 15 to adjust the displacement amount of an elastic body in the contact plate 15 into which the pressure regulating plate 17 is interposed, thereby enabling the adjustment of the vertical direction pressing force distribution of the braking element 11.

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator that transports passengers, luggage, etc. to the upper and lower floors of a building structure, and more particularly to an elevator emergency for emergency stop of a passenger car when the lowering speed of the passenger car exceeds a specified speed. The present invention relates to a stopping device and an elevator equipped with the same.

  In general, an elevator is provided with an emergency stop device as a safety device for stopping the car at a predetermined deceleration when the car descends at a predetermined speed or more due to an abnormality or the like.

  In this emergency stop device, at least one pair of trapezoidal friction materials are arranged on the guide rail installed on the wall of the hoistway through which the car passes in the case of an emergency when the car reaches a predetermined lowering speed or more. The brake element is sandwiched between elastic bodies, and the friction material provided on the brake element is strongly pressed against the guide rail using the wedge effect of the brake element, and the car is decelerated and stopped by the friction between the brake element and the guide rail. It is. Similarly, an emergency stop device may be installed on the counterweight.

  Here, it is necessary for the emergency stop device to apply a pressing force uniformly to the braking element in order to exhibit stable deceleration performance. However, since the elastic body is displaced by the wedge effect to generate a pressing force, there is a phenomenon that the pressing force is not uniform due to a difference in the pressing force in the vertical direction of the brake element.

  If such a phenomenon occurs, the friction material will come into contact with the guide rail and the desired frictional force will not be obtained, or friction material consumption will concentrate on a specific part and the friction material must be changed early. There was a problem.

  In order to solve such a phenomenon, a mechanism provided with a mechanism for adjusting the vertical pressing force of the brake element has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-87726 (Patent Document 1) discloses a leaf spring. A technique is described in which a plurality of vertical springs are stacked to adjust the pressing force of each leaf spring.

JP 2002-87726 A

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of leaf springs are stacked in the vertical direction, and the pressing force of each leaf spring is adjusted by the adjusting plate and the adjusting screw so that the pressing force acting on the brake is made uniform. Therefore, a plurality of leaf springs, an adjustment plate and an adjustment screw corresponding to the plurality of leaf springs are necessary, and there is a problem that the structure becomes complicated and the number of parts increases.

  Further, in the adjustment of the pressing force by the adjusting plate and the adjusting screw, when the spring constant of the leaf spring is large, in order to adjust the interval between the leaf spring and the guide plate, it is necessary to displace the leaf spring by that interval. There was a problem that adjustment was difficult because it required force.

  In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to use leaf springs having a small spring constant and increase the number thereof. Accordingly, the size of the apparatus in the vertical direction and the increase in the number of parts are inevitable.

  An object of the present invention is to obtain a stable braking force without adjusting the size of the apparatus and increasing the number of parts even when an elastic body having a large spring constant is adjusted by adjusting the vertical pressing force of the brake element. The object is to provide an elevator with an emergency stop device.

  A feature of the present invention is that a U-shaped elastic body that can be expanded in the horizontal direction, and a pair of elastic bodies that are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic body so as to face each other, with the lower portions of the opposing surfaces inclined outward. A pair having a guide member and a braking surface extending vertically between the guide members so as to be movable up and down along the inclined surface of the guide member and facing each other around the guide rail between the guide members And an elevator emergency stop device that is attached to each of the brake members and has a pulling means for lifting the brake members upward along the guide member in an emergency, wherein the brake member faces the guide member. A contact plate is attached to the back surface portion of the motor, and a pressure adjusting plate is detachably interposed between the back surface portion and the contact plate so as to adjust the pressing force received by the brake member from the guide member.

  According to the present invention, the pressure distribution in the vertical direction of the brake is adjusted by interposing the pressure adjusting plate between the brake and the contact plate, and adjusting the amount of displacement of the elastic body of the portion of the contact plate in which the pressure adjusting plate is interposed. Can be adjusted. Since the pressing force distribution of the brake element can be made substantially uniform by such an adjustment method, the emergency stop device can obtain a stable braking force.

It is a schematic block diagram of the elevator in which the emergency stop apparatus which becomes one Example of this invention is installed. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the relationship between the emergency stop apparatus provided in the car shown in FIG. 1, and a guide rail. It is a schematic block diagram of the elevator emergency stop apparatus which becomes one Example of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the brake element installed in the emergency stop apparatus which becomes one Example of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the safety device for demonstrating the adjustment method of the pressing force of the safety device which becomes one Example of this invention.

  An elevator safety device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  The elevator includes a pair of guide rails 1 erected in a hoistway formed in a building structure, a car 2 that is an elevator that is guided by the guide rail 1 and moves up and down, and one end of the car 2. Is connected to the other end of the main rope 3, and the counterweight 4 is fixedly attached to the building structure. The main rope 3 is wound around to drive the car 2 up and down. A hoisting machine 5 composed of an electric motor, etc., a speed governor 6 supported by a building structure and detecting the raising / lowering speed of the car 2, and wound around the speed governor 6 and moved in synchronization with the car 2 A speed governor rope 7, a lifting mechanism 8 supported by the car 2 and connected to the speed governor rope 7, and an emergency stop device 10 connected to an end of the lifting mechanism 8. The emergency stop device 10 is fixed to the lower end portion of the car 2 and is disposed to face each guide rail 1. The emergency stop device may be fixed to the upper end of the car 2.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a car 2 equipped with an emergency stop device 10, and the car 2 on which passengers and luggage are placed is located on the top floor of the building structure by a main rope 3 attached to the upper part (not shown). It is connected to the hoisting machine 5. In FIG. 2, details of the door opening / closing machine and the outer frame are omitted for simplification.

  On both sides of the hoistway where the car 2 moves up and down, there are guide rails 1 for guiding the car 2 to move up and down and for preventing unintentional lowering and raising of the car 2 in cooperation with the brake 11. is set up. A pair of guide rails 1 are arranged so as to face both sides of the car 2.

  A pair of safety devices 10 are also provided at the lower end of the car 2 corresponding to the pair of guide rails 1. The emergency stop device 10 is installed such that a pair of brake elements 11 described later sandwich the guide rail 1 from both sides.

  The brake element 11 is disposed opposite to the guide member 13 fixed to the U-shaped elastic body 12, and the brake element 11 is strongly pressed against the guide rail 1 by the complementary movement of the guide member 13 and the brake element 11. The brake action is generated. In FIG. 2, the details of the structure such as the housing are illustrated in a simplified manner, but the emergency stop device 10 is actually covered with the housing including the U-shaped elastic body 12.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of the emergency stop device. The emergency stop device 10 mainly includes a pair of brake elements 11 arranged symmetrically with respect to the guide rail 1 fixed to the wall of the hoistway. Friction material 11A is fixed to the front portion of the pair of brakes 11 extending in the vertical direction, and the guide rail 1 can be pressed from both directions with a slight clearance from the guide rail 1. Opposed in parallel.
Moreover, the back part on the opposite side to the front part of the brake element 11 is a wedge-shaped smooth inclined surface whose upper part becomes narrower.

  A guide member 13 that guides the movement of the brake element 11 is fixed to the elastic body 12 so that the brake element 11 can smoothly move upward to a predetermined position. The guide member 13 is formed with a parallel inclined surface having a complementary relationship with the back surface portion of the brake element 11 on the inner side and a vertical surface on the outer side, and is fixed to the elastic body 12 via a bolt or the like. ing. A plurality of cylindrical rollers 14 are interposed between the rear surface of the brake element 11 and the inclined surface of the guide member 13 in order to make the movement of the brake element 11 smooth.

  The brake member 11 is elastically urged toward the guide rail 13 between the brake member 11 and the guide member 13, but the friction member of the brake member 11 is in a normal free state where no abnormality has occurred. A predetermined gap is secured between 11A and the guide rail 13.

  The brake 15, the guide member 13, the elastic body 11, and the like are accommodated in the housing, and the lifting mechanism 8 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the upper end of the brake 11 to operate the emergency stop device 10. It is connected with the drive means of the governor 6 for this purpose.

  For example, when the governor 6 detects that the descending speed of the governor rope 7 exceeds the specified speed, the drive means is actuated by this detection signal, and the brake element 11 is pulled up by the lifting mechanism 8 to perform the braking action. It is something to make. When the emergency stop device 10 is operated, the brake element 11 is lifted with respect to the guide member 13 by the lifting mechanism 8, and the brake elements 11 move so that the mutual distance is narrowed.

  Along with this movement, the brake element 11 pushes the guide member 13 and the elastic body 12 left and right in the horizontal direction in the drawing, but the brake element 11 is reversed by the guide member 13 by the reaction force spread by the elastic body 12. The guide rail 1 is subjected to a force in the direction in which the guide rail 1 is pressed, and the guide rail 1 is sandwiched from both sides by the friction member 11A fixed to the brake element 11 and comes into strong sliding contact.

  As a result, a braking action due to friction acts between the friction member 11A of the brake 11 and the guide rail 1, and the car 2 is gradually decelerated and stopped.

  Next, a mechanism for adjusting the vertical pressing force of the brake element, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 4, a plurality of iron contact plates 15 are fixed by mounting bolts 18 to the back surface portion 16 of the brake device 11 on the side facing the roller 14 of the brake device 11. In the meantime, an iron pressure adjusting plate 17 is sandwiched so as to be detachable as required. The contact plate 15 is formed with a recess for storing the mounting bolt 18, and the head of the mounting bolt 18 is stored therein. Therefore, the head of the fixing bolt 18 does not interfere with the rolling of the roller 14.

  Recently, in a high-speed elevator used for a high-rise building, the axial length of the brake 11 tends to be increased in order to improve the effect of the emergency stop device 10. Therefore, the pressing force by the elastic body 12 tends to vary. For this reason, the number of divisions of the contact plate 15 and the pressure adjusting plate 17 is arbitrary corresponding to this variation, but the number of the plates can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the position and the number where the pressure distribution needs to be adjusted. .

  According to the inventors' knowledge, it can be seen that the pressing force tends to be small on the upper side of the brake element 11, and at least the pressure adjusting plate 17 is interposed in the contact plate 15 located on the upper side of the brake element 11 as shown in FIG. 4. In this way, variation in pressing force can be suppressed.

However, in the present invention, since the variation in the pressing force of the brake element 11 is suppressed, the object is achieved not only on the upper side of the brake element 11 but also by appropriately installing the pressure adjusting plate 17 where there is a variation. Is.

  Further, the thickness of the pressure adjusting plate 17 is also selected as necessary. When it is necessary to finely adjust the pressing force, a thin thickness adjusting plate 17 is used, or a thin thickness adjusting plate is used. The pressure adjusting plate 17 having a different thickness such as the pressure adjusting plate 17 having a thick thickness may be used in combination. Usually, it is sufficient to prepare the pressure regulating plate 17 having a thickness of about three types.

  Although the pressure adjusting plate 17 is made of iron in the embodiment, it is not necessary to limit to iron if the strength is high. For example, a synthetic resin containing carbon fiber can be used. In this case, since it is not iron, the effect of reducing the weight of the pressure adjusting plate 17 can be expected.

  The pressure adjusting plate 17 is provided with an insertion hole for a mounting bolt 18 having an arbitrary shape such as a square shape or a circular shape near the center. In this embodiment, the insertion hole is opened to the end face of the pressure adjusting plate 17 as can be seen from the drawing. As a result, the pressure regulating plate 15 can be easily mounted by inserting the portion where the insertion hole is released into the mounting bolt 18 with the contact plate 15 temporarily fixed by the mounting bolt 18.

  Further, the contact plate 15 is in rotational contact with the roller 14, but the tip of the contact plate 15 becomes thinner toward the tip in order to smooth the movement when the brake 11 moves upward in the figure. Such an inclined portion 15A is formed.

  In order to make the pressing force of the brake element 11 uniform, the pressing force can be adjusted by interposing the pressure adjusting plate 17 between each contact plate 15 and the back surface portion 16 of the brake element 11 in a detachable manner. Become. That is, the pressing force of the elastic body 12 is transmitted to the contact plate 15 via the guide member 13 and the roller 14, but the portion where the pressure adjusting plate 17 is interposed between the contact plate 15 and the back surface portion 16 of the brake element 11. The pressure can be adjusted so that the pressing force can be increased by the thickness of the pressure adjusting plate 17. Therefore, the pressing force of the brake element 11 can be made uniform by dividing the contact plate 15 and the pressure adjusting plate 17 into the required number and selecting the thickness of the pressure adjusting plate 17 as necessary.

  In the emergency stop device 10 configured as described above, there is a proportional relationship between the amount of displacement of the elastic body 12 and the pressing force generated thereby. Therefore, the pressing force acting on the brake element 11 and the braking force of the emergency stop device 10 also change according to the change in the displacement amount of the elastic body 12.

  Therefore, as described above, the pressure adjusting plate 17 is interposed between the brake 11 and the contact plate 15, and the displacement amount of the elastic body 12 in the portion of the contact plate 15 in which the pressure adjusting plate 17 is interposed is adjusted. The vertical pressure distribution of the brake element 11 can be adjusted. Since the pressing force distribution of the brake element 11 can be made substantially uniform by such an adjusting method, the emergency stop device 10 can obtain a stable braking force.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, in a state before adjustment without the pressure adjusting plate 17 interposed between the brake element 11 and the contact plate 15, the spring force is reduced on the upper side of the brake element 11 and pushed. An uneven portion may occur in the pressure distribution.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5B, when a necessary number of pressure adjusting plates 17 are interposed between the brake plate 11 and the contact plate 15 in which the uneven distribution of the pressing force is generated, before adjustment After adjustment, the spring force is increased on the upper side of the brake 11 and the uneven portion of the pressing force distribution can be eliminated.

  Such adjustment work is performed after adjustment in advance in a factory using an adjustment jig or the like.

  Conventionally, a plurality of leaf springs are stacked in the vertical direction, and the pressing force of each leaf spring is adjusted by the adjusting plate and the adjusting screw so that the pressing force acting on the brake element is uniform. A spring, an adjusting plate and an adjusting screw corresponding to the spring are required, which causes problems such as a complicated structure and an increased number of parts.

  On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, since only the contact plate and the pressure adjusting plate are prepared, it is possible to expect an effect that the configuration becomes extremely simple and the adjustment work is facilitated.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Guide rail, 2 ... Car, 3 ... Main rope, 4 ... Balance weight, 5 ... Hoisting machine, 6 ... Speed governor, 7 ... Speed governor rope, 8 ... Lifting mechanism, 10 ... Emergency stop device, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Brake, 11A ... Friction member, 12 ... Elastic body (plate spring), 13 ... Guide member, 14 ... Roller, 15 ... Contact plate, 16 ... Back part, 17 ... Pressure regulating plate, 18 ... Mounting bolt

Claims (12)

An elastic body formed in a U-shape that can be expanded in the horizontal direction, a pair of guide members that are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic body so as to face each other, and whose lower portions of the opposing surfaces are inclined outward; A pair of brakes having a vertically extending braking surface disposed between the guide members so as to be movable up and down along the inclined surface of the guide member and opposed to each other with a guide rail between the guide members as a center. An elevator emergency stop device provided with a child and a lifting means attached to each of the brake members for pulling up the brake member upward along the guide member in an emergency,
A contact plate is attached to a back surface portion of the brake device facing the guide member, and a pressure adjusting plate is detachably interposed between the back surface portion and the contact plate. An emergency stop device for an elevator characterized by adjusting the pressing force received from the elevator. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1,
The contact plate and the pressure adjusting plate are divided into a plurality of parts, and the pressure adjusting plate is detachably interposed corresponding to the divided contact plates so as to adjust the pressing force received by the brake from the guide member. An emergency stop device for elevators. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 2,
The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the pressure adjusting plates are used to adjust a pressing force that the brake receives from the guide member. In the emergency stop device for elevators according to claim 3,
The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein a thick pressure adjusting plate and a thin thickness adjusting plate are used in combination to adjust the pressing force received by the brake from the guide member. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 2,
The pressure adjusting plate is provided with an insertion hole through which a mounting bolt for fixing the contact plate is inserted, and the insertion hole is opened so that the mounting bolt can pass through an end surface of the pressure adjusting plate. Emergency stop device for elevators. The elevator emergency stop device according to claim 2,
An emergency stop for an elevator, wherein a plurality of moving rollers are interposed between the contact plate and the guide member, and an inclined portion that becomes thinner toward the distal end side is formed at the distal end portion of the contact plate. apparatus. It is attached to a car that goes up and down in the hoistway, a pair of guide rails that guide guide devices attached to both sides of the car, and a pair of brakes that are arranged to face the guide rails. Elevator emergency stop device having a lifting means for pulling up the brake to push the brake against the guide rail and to apply the brake, and a counterweight connected to the carriage via the main rope And an elevator composed of a hoisting machine that raises and lowers the counterweight with the main rope wound around the main rope,
The emergency stop device includes a U-shaped elastic body that can be expanded in the horizontal direction, and a pair of the elastic bodies that are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic body so as to face each other, with the lower portions of the opposing surfaces inclined outward. Between the guide member and the guide member and vertically extending along the inclined surface of the guide member, and vertically extending so as to be opposed to each other centering on a guide rail between the guide members A pair of brake members having a surface, and a contact plate attached to a back surface portion of the brake device where the brake material faces the guide member, and a pressure adjusting plate being detachably interposed between the back surface portion and the contact plate The elevator is configured to adjust a pressing force that the brake receives from the guide member. In the elevator according to claim 7,
The contact plate and the pressure adjusting plate are divided into a plurality of parts, and the pressure adjusting plate is detachably interposed corresponding to the divided contact plates so as to adjust the pressing force received by the brake from the guide member. An elevator characterized by that. The elevator according to claim 8,
2. An elevator according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the pressure adjusting plates are used to adjust a pressing force that the brake receives from the guide member. The elevator according to claim 8,
The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the pressure adjusting plate is a combination of a thick pressure adjusting plate and a thin thickness adjusting plate, and the pressing force received by the brake member from the guide member is adjusted. The elevator according to claim 8,
The pressure adjusting plate is provided with an insertion hole through which a mounting bolt for fixing the contact plate is inserted, and the insertion hole is opened so that the mounting bolt can pass through an end surface of the pressure adjusting plate. Elevator. The elevator according to claim 8,
An elevator characterized in that a plurality of moving rollers are interposed between the contact plate and the guide member, and an inclined portion that becomes thinner toward the distal end side is formed at the distal end portion of the contact plate.

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