CN110159315B - Assembled semi-movable connecting tunnel suitable for crossing fault fracture zone and method - Google Patents
Assembled semi-movable connecting tunnel suitable for crossing fault fracture zone and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110159315B CN110159315B CN201910376767.7A CN201910376767A CN110159315B CN 110159315 B CN110159315 B CN 110159315B CN 201910376767 A CN201910376767 A CN 201910376767A CN 110159315 B CN110159315 B CN 110159315B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
- E21D11/22—Clamps or other yieldable means for interconnecting adjacent arch members either rigidly, or allowing arch member parts to slide when subjected to excessive pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
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Abstract
The invention discloses an assembled semi-movably connected tunnel suitable for passing through a fault fracture zone and a method, wherein the assembled semi-movably connected tunnel comprises a grouting reinforcement area, assembled tunnel segments, a wedge-shaped connecting piece, a rubber cushion layer, an elastic deformation piece and an automatic reset key; the grouting reinforcement area is formed by adopting high polymer grout to be injected around the hole of the excavation surface of the fault fracture zone; the assembled tunnel segment comprises a plurality of segments arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the segments of adjacent segments are connected with an automatic reset key through an elastic deformation piece; each segment of pipe piece comprises a plurality of pipe pieces, the pipe pieces are connected together through a wedge-shaped connecting piece to form a structure with the same shape as the cross section of the tunnel, and a rubber cushion layer covers the outer surface of each pipe piece; the wedge-shaped connecting piece comprises a duct piece wedge-shaped groove, a duct piece wedge-shaped tenon, a normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer and a wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an assembled semi-movably connected tunnel suitable for passing through a fault fracture zone and a construction method.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Controlled by the tectonic movement of the earth plate, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is raised continuously. Therefore, fault activities in the junction area of the first ladder and the second ladder in China are very frequent, and huge problems are created in the construction of infrastructure in China. Under the earth dynamic background and the geological structure framework, the problem of constructing tunnel engineering near active faults and high-intensity seismic regions is inevitably encountered in the process of infrastructure construction of western regions. Nearly thousands of the conventional railway tunnels in China are positioned in a strong earthquake region, so that the safety of constructing tunnels and underground projects near high-intensity earthquake regions or active faults is increasingly important. The measures for earthquake resistance and dislocation resistance of underground and tunnel structures mainly comprise isolation energy dissipation design, hinge design, overbreak design and the like.
The inventor finds that although some tunnels are constructed by adopting related measures such as isolation energy dissipation design, hinge design and overexcavation design, the safe operation of the tunnels under the fault activity condition cannot be ensured due to the single mode and limited fault dislocation resistance, and the tunnel after the fault activity is difficult to repair, so that a large amount of manpower, material resources and time cost are consumed for rush repair, and the normal passage of the tunnels is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an assembled semi-movable connecting tunnel suitable for passing through a fault fracture zone; the tunnel adopts the relevant properties of shape memory alloy, prefabricated and molded assembled composite tunnel pipe pieces are adopted, and special semi-movable connection is adopted between adjacent pipe pieces, so that the energy dissipation effect can be effectively realized when a fault moves.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an assembly type semi-movably connected tunnel suitable for passing through a fault fracture zone, which comprises a grouting reinforcement area, an assembly type tunnel segment, a wedge-shaped connecting piece, a rubber cushion layer, an elastic deformation piece and an automatic reset key, wherein the grouting reinforcement area is arranged on the assembly type semi-movably connected tunnel;
the grouting reinforcement area is formed by adopting high polymer grout to be injected around the hole of the excavation surface of the fault fracture zone;
the assembled tunnel segment comprises a plurality of segments arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the segments of adjacent segments are connected with an automatic reset key through an elastic deformation piece;
each segment of pipe piece comprises a plurality of pipe pieces which are connected together through a wedge-shaped connecting piece to form a structure with the same shape as the cross section of the tunnel, and the rubber cushion layer covers the outer surface of each pipe piece; the wedge-shaped connecting piece comprises a segment wedge-shaped groove, a segment wedge-shaped tenon, a normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer and a wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layer; wherein the normal temperature shape memory alloy layer is welded and fixed on the side surface of the edge of the wedge-shaped tenon of each segment and is in vertical extrusion contact with the wedge-shaped groove of the next segment; the wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layer covers the wedge-shaped surfaces of the segment wedge-shaped groove and the segment wedge-shaped tenon.
As a further technical scheme, the elastic deformation piece is mainly composed of a metal spring plate, and the metal spring plate is welded between two adjacent longitudinal pipe sections.
As a further technical proposal, the automatic reset key comprises a rigid fixing head, a fixing screw hole and hyperelastic shape memory alloy; the rigid fixing head fixes the superelastic shape memory alloy rod near the wedge-shaped connecting piece between two adjacent longitudinal pipe pieces through the fixing screw hole.
Further, each automatic reset key comprises a plurality of superelastic shape memory alloy rods, the superelastic shape memory alloy rods are arranged in an array, and a deformation space is reserved between every two adjacent superelastic shape memory alloy rods.
As a further technical scheme, grouting holes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of a section hole excavated in the fault fracture zone in the grouting reinforcement zone in advance, and a deep layer, a middle layer and a shallow layer are sequentially injected by pressing.
As a further technical scheme, the fabricated tunnel comprises five parts, namely a vault segment, a left side wall segment, a right side wall segment, a left bottom plate segment and a right bottom plate segment; wherein the vault section of jurisdiction includes vault and hunch shoulder part, and the side wall section of jurisdiction includes tunnel side wall and hunch waist part, and the bottom plate section of jurisdiction is including hunch foot and bottom plate part, and each part section of jurisdiction is all become protruding to the grouting reinforcement district country rock of arch, is convenient for bear great country rock pressure.
As a further technical scheme, each duct piece of the fabricated tunnel is molded by high-strength steel die casting, and the middle of the duct piece is designed in a hollow grid mode.
As a further technical scheme, the wedge-shaped connecting pieces are positioned at the transverse edges of each pipe piece, and the wedge-shaped connecting pieces between the adjacent pipe pieces form complementation.
As a further technical scheme, the normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer adopts nickel-titanium alloy with a two-way memory effect, and the transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy is lower than the lowest temperature of the tunnel in perennial operation.
The second purpose of the present invention is to provide the above construction method for the fabricated semi-movably connected tunnel, which includes the following steps:
A. excavating a fault fracture zone, and performing high polymer slurry pressure injection around the excavated section hole to form a grouting reinforcement area;
B. assembling tunnel pipe pieces, namely assembling left and right bottom plate pipe pieces to ensure the coupling of wedge-shaped connecting pieces between the adjacent pipe pieces; then the left wall pipe piece and the right wall pipe piece are assembled, and at the moment, a certain auxiliary device is adopted to support the pipe pieces to prevent the pipe pieces from falling; finally, assembling the arch-roof duct pieces, wherein the coupling of the arch-roof duct pieces and the tops of the left and right wall duct pieces is required to be ensured simultaneously; the assembly of the tunnel segments of the first pipe section is completed;
when assembling the pipe piece, firstly, the alloy temperature is reduced by using low-temperature airflow, so that the alloy recovers the shrinkage form at low temperature; after the adjacent segments are assembled, the alloy is restored to normal temperature by normal-temperature airflow, and the shape of the alloy is restored to an expansion state at normal temperature. When the alloy expands, vertical extrusion stress is generated on the wedge-shaped groove of the adjacent pipe piece, so that the wedge-shaped connecting piece is fixed.
C. Welding a metal spring plate at the tail part of the first pipe section, assembling the assembled tunnel of the second pipe section, and welding the non-welded end of the metal spring plate with the head part of the second pipe section after the assembly is finished to finish the arrangement of the elastic deformation part;
D. mounting an automatic reset key between the first pipe section and the second pipe section;
E. and repeating the steps A-D to finish the continuous propulsion of the tunnel until the tunnel passes through the fault fracture zone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides an assembled semi-movable connecting tunnel for a tunnel to pass through a fault fracture zone, which applies relevant properties of shape memory alloy, adopts prefabricated and molded assembled composite tunnel pipe pieces, and adopts specially-made semi-movable connection between adjacent pipe pieces, thereby playing an effective dissipation energy consumption role when the fault is movable and avoiding the integral damage of the fault movement to the tunnel.
(2) The components adopted by the invention are all prefabricated and formed, the structural strength is high, the precision is high, the components can be directly hoisted or installed and connected on site, a large amount of labor consumption is saved, the working efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, the integral structural strength is increased, and the safety of the tunnel is improved.
(3) This device can absorb the broken area of fault to the tensile stress, shear stress, the moment of flexure etc. that the tunnel produced when the activity takes place in the fault, effectively reduces the possibility that tunnel overall structure destroys to device itself has the automatic re-setting function, has saved a large amount of manpower and materials and time cost for the salvage of tunnel structure after the fault activity takes place.
(4) The automatic reset key adopts a rigid fixing head to be fixed at the positions, close to the wedge-shaped connecting pieces, of two circumferential sides of each pipe piece of the adjacent pipe section through a fixing screw hole, so that large stress concentration generated when the hyperelastic shape memory alloy rod is deformed and deformed to restore is avoided, and meanwhile, effective connection between the alloy and the adjacent pipe section is ensured.
(5) The superelasticity shape memory alloy rod is in an austenite state at normal temperature, is greatly deformed by fault dislocation and external force of pulling and pressing, plays a role in dissipating energy consumption, and ensures the integrity of a tunnel structure. After external force is removed, large deformation is completely recovered, and recovery operation of the tunnel after fault dislocation displacement is facilitated.
(6) The elastic deformation piece is welded and connected with two adjacent tunnel pipe sections, and the connection and the waterproofness of the elastic deformation piece can be still ensured under the deformation condition. When fault activity occurs, energy of partial displacement dislocation can be offset, the overall safety of the tunnel is protected, and normal operation of the tunnel after fault activity is guaranteed.
(7) The metal spring plate is welded between two adjacent longitudinal pipe sections and is formed by high-elasticity steel through die-casting, and the tunnel is allowed to have any radial displacement dislocation, axial stretching and compression dislocation and bending action with a certain amplitude; the surface of the metal spring plate is provided with an anti-rust layer, and the durability is good.
(8) The rubber sealing layer of the wedge-shaped connecting piece is good in sealing performance and durability, covers the wedge-shaped surface of the wedge-shaped connecting piece, and is extruded and subjected to friction stress due to the closing-up effect of the wedge body when the normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer recovers the normal-temperature shape, so that a compacting effect is generated, and the transverse waterproofness and the transverse tightness of the duct piece are guaranteed.
(9) The rubber cushion layer coated outside the duct piece is positioned between the assembled tunnel and the grouting reinforcement area, and plays roles of buffering, preventing water, offsetting fault dislocation displacement, coupling the assembled tunnel and the grouting reinforcement area.
(10) Grouting holes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of a section hole excavated in the fault fracture zone in the grouting reinforcement zone in advance, and a deep layer, a middle layer and a shallow layer are sequentially pressed and injected, so that the grouting reinforcement zone is ensured to be enough in volume. The grouting reinforcement area has the functions of consolidating surrounding rocks, improving the strength of the surrounding rocks and achieving certain shock insulation, shock absorption and waterproof effects after the pressure injection is finished.
(11) Each section of jurisdiction of assembled tunnel adopts high strength steel die casting shaping, adopts the design of cavity grid formula in the middle of the section of jurisdiction. Can effectively lighten weight under the circumstances of guaranteeing section of jurisdiction intensity, allow the deformation of certain range simultaneously, can offset the direct influence that some fault activity caused the tunnel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Figure 1 is a simplified cross-sectional view of the apparatus of the present invention in a tunnel.
FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a dovetail connector of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a simplified longitudinal cross-sectional view of a resiliently deformable member of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a simplified front elevation view of the automatic reset key of the device of the present invention.
The spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only. Wherein: the broken zone country rock of taking of 1 fault, 2 slip casting consolidates the district, 3 vault sections of jurisdiction, 4 left side wall sections of jurisdiction, 5 right side wall sections of jurisdiction, 6 left bottom plate sections of jurisdiction, 7 right bottom plate sections of jurisdiction, 8 wedge-shaped connecting piece, 9 automatic reset keys, 10 sections of jurisdiction overcoat rubber cushion, 11 assembled tunnels, 12 sections of jurisdiction wedge-shaped grooves, 13 sections of jurisdiction wedge-shaped tenon, 14 normal atmospheric temperature shape memory alloy layers, 15 wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layers, 16 vertical adjacent sections of jurisdiction, 17 metal spring plates, 18 elastic deformation spare, 19 rigid fixation head, 20 fixed screw holes, 21 hyperelastic shape memory alloy pole, 22 reserve the deformation space.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the fabricated semi-movably connected tunnel suitable for passing through a fault fracture zone comprises a grouting reinforcement area 2, a fabricated tunnel 11, a wedge-shaped connecting piece 8, a duct piece outer covering rubber cushion layer 10, an elastic deformation piece 18 and an automatic reset key 9; the grouting reinforcement area 2 is formed by adopting high polymer grout to be injected around the excavation face hole of the fault fracture zone in a pressing mode, and reinforcing surrounding rocks 1 of the fault fracture zone; and grouting holes are uniformly distributed around the excavated section hole of the fault fracture zone in the grouting reinforcement zone in advance, and the grouting reinforcement zone is ensured to be enough by adopting a deep layer, middle layer and shallow layer sequential pressure grouting mode. The grouting reinforcement area has the functions of consolidating surrounding rocks, improving the strength of the surrounding rocks and achieving certain shock insulation, shock absorption and waterproof effects after the pressure injection is finished.
The fabricated tunnel 11 comprises five parts, namely a vault segment 3, a left side wall segment 4, a right side wall segment 5, a left bottom plate segment 6 and a right bottom plate segment 7, wherein the segments are fixed by adopting a wedge-shaped connecting piece 8; wherein the vault section of jurisdiction includes vault and hunch shoulder part, and the side wall section of jurisdiction includes tunnel side wall and hunch waist part, and the bottom plate section of jurisdiction is including hunch foot and bottom plate part, and each part section of jurisdiction is all become protruding to the grouting reinforcement district country rock of arch, is convenient for bear great country rock pressure.
The wedge connectors are located at the lateral edges of each segment, and the wedge connectors between adjacent segments are complementary. When assembling the duct pieces, firstly assembling the left bottom plate duct pieces and the right bottom plate duct pieces, and ensuring the coupling of wedge-shaped connecting pieces between the adjacent duct pieces; then the left wall pipe piece and the right wall pipe piece are assembled, and at the moment, a certain auxiliary device is needed to support the pipe pieces to prevent the pipe pieces from falling; and finally, assembling the arch-roof duct pieces, wherein the coupling of the arch-roof duct pieces and the tops of the left and right wall duct pieces is required to be ensured simultaneously.
Each section of jurisdiction of assembled tunnel adopt high strength steel die casting shaping, adopt the design of cavity grid formula in the middle of the section of jurisdiction, can effectively reduce weight under the circumstances of guaranteeing section of jurisdiction intensity, allow the deformation of certain range simultaneously, can offset the direct influence that some fault activities caused the tunnel.
The duct piece is covered with a rubber cushion layer 10 outside and covers the surface of the outer diameter of the duct piece, has a certain thickness and is directly in close contact with the grouting reinforcement area 2.
The wedge-shaped connecting piece 8 is used for connecting adjacent segments on the same cross section of the tunnel, and the elastic deformation piece 18 and the automatic reset key 9 are used for realizing the connection between the adjacent segments which are arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 2, the dovetail connector 8 includes a segment dovetail groove 12, a segment dovetail tongue 13, a normal temperature shape memory alloy layer 14, and a dovetail connector rubber sealing layer 15. Wherein the normal temperature shape memory alloy layer 14 is welded and fixed on the side surface of the edge of the wedge-shaped tenon 13 of each segment and is in vertical pressing contact with the wedge-shaped groove 12 of the next segment. The wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layer 15 covers the wedge-shaped surfaces of the segment wedge-shaped groove and the segment wedge-shaped tenon, and plays a role in sealing under the extrusion action.
The rubber sealing layer of the wedge-shaped connecting piece is good in sealing performance and durability, covers the wedge-shaped surface of the wedge-shaped connecting piece, and when the normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer recovers to the normal-temperature shape, the normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer is subjected to extrusion and friction stress due to the closing-up effect of the wedge body, so that a compacting effect is generated, and the transverse waterproofness and the transverse tightness of the duct piece are guaranteed.
The normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium alloy with a two-way memory effect, and the transition temperature of the alloy layer is lower than the lowest temperature of the tunnel in perennial operation. When assembling the pipe piece, firstly, the alloy temperature is reduced by using low-temperature airflow, so that the alloy recovers the shrinkage form at low temperature; after the adjacent segments are assembled, the alloy is restored to normal temperature by normal-temperature airflow, and the shape of the alloy is restored to an expansion state at normal temperature. When the alloy expands, vertical extrusion stress is generated on the wedge-shaped groove of the adjacent pipe piece, so that the wedge-shaped connecting piece is fixed.
The duct piece is externally covered with a rubber cushion layer which is positioned between the assembled tunnel and the grouting reinforcement area, and plays roles of buffering, waterproofing, offsetting fault dislocation displacement, coupling the assembled tunnel and the grouting reinforcement area.
As shown in fig. 3, the elastic deformation member 18 is mainly composed of a metal spring plate 17 and welded ends at both sides of the spring plate. The metal spring plate 17 is welded between two adjacent longitudinal pipe sections through welding ends on two sides of the spring plate to form an elastic deformation piece 18.
The metal spring plate is welded between two adjacent longitudinal pipe sections and is formed by die-casting high-elasticity steel, so that the tunnel is allowed to have any radial displacement dislocation, axial stretching and compression dislocation and bending action with a certain amplitude. The surface of the metal spring plate is provided with an anti-rust layer, and the durability is good.
The elastic deformation joint is welded and connected with two adjacent tunnel pipe sections, and the connection and the waterproofness of the two adjacent tunnel pipe sections can be still ensured under the deformation condition. When fault activity occurs, energy of partial displacement dislocation can be offset, the overall safety of the tunnel is protected, and normal operation of the tunnel after fault activity is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 4, the self-resetting button 9 includes a rigid fixing head 19, a fixing screw hole 20 and a superelastic shape-memory alloy rod 21. The rigid fixing head 19 fixes a super-elastic shape memory alloy rod 21 near the wedge-shaped connecting piece 8 between two adjacent longitudinal pipe pieces through a fixing screw hole 20, the super-elastic shape memory alloy rod 21 adopts an array structure, and a deformation space 22 is reserved between two adjacent alloy sections.
The superelasticity shape memory alloy is in an austenite state at normal temperature, is greatly deformed by fault dislocation and external force of pulling and pressing, plays a role in dissipating energy consumption, and ensures the integrity of a tunnel structure. After external force is removed, large deformation is completely recovered, and recovery operation of the tunnel after fault dislocation displacement is facilitated.
The automatic reset key adopts a rigid fixing head to be fixed at the positions, close to the wedge-shaped connecting piece, of two circumferential sides of each pipe piece of the adjacent pipe section through a fixing screw hole, so that large stress concentration generated when the hyperelastic shape memory alloy is deformed and deformed to restore is avoided, and meanwhile, effective connection between the alloy and the adjacent pipe section is ensured.
The application method of the invention is as follows:
A. excavating a fault fracture zone, and performing high polymer slurry pressure injection on the periphery of an excavated section hole to form a grouting reinforcement area 2;
B. assembling tunnel segments, namely assembling left and right bottom plate segments 6 and 7, assembling left and right wall segments 4 and 5, and assembling a vault segment 3 to finish the assembly of a first segment of an assembled tunnel 11;
when assembling the duct pieces, firstly assembling the left bottom plate duct pieces and the right bottom plate duct pieces, and ensuring the coupling of wedge-shaped connecting pieces between the adjacent duct pieces; then the left wall pipe piece and the right wall pipe piece are assembled, and at the moment, a certain auxiliary device is needed to support the pipe pieces to prevent the pipe pieces from falling; and finally, assembling the arch-roof duct pieces, wherein the coupling of the arch-roof duct pieces and the tops of the left and right wall duct pieces is required to be ensured simultaneously.
When assembling the pipe piece, firstly, the alloy temperature is reduced by using low-temperature airflow, so that the alloy recovers the shrinkage form at low temperature; after the adjacent segments are assembled, the alloy is restored to normal temperature by normal-temperature airflow, and the shape of the alloy is restored to an expansion state at normal temperature. When the alloy expands, vertical extrusion stress is generated on the wedge-shaped groove of the adjacent pipe piece, so that the wedge-shaped connecting piece is fixed.
C. Welding a metal spring plate 17 at the tail part of the first pipe section, assembling the second pipe section assembly type tunnel 11, and welding the non-welded end of the metal spring plate 17 with the head part of the second pipe section after the assembly is finished to finish the arrangement of an elastic deformation part 18;
D. mounting an automatic reset key 9 between the first pipe section and the second pipe section;
E. and repeating the steps A-D to finish the continuous propulsion of the tunnel until the tunnel passes through the fault fracture zone.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:
(1) the invention provides an assembled semi-movable connecting tunnel for a tunnel to pass through a fault fracture zone, which applies relevant properties of shape memory alloy, adopts prefabricated and molded assembled composite tunnel pipe pieces, and adopts specially-made semi-movable connection between adjacent pipe pieces, thereby playing an effective dissipation energy consumption role when the fault is movable and avoiding the integral damage of the fault movement to the tunnel.
(2) The components adopted by the invention are all prefabricated and formed, the structural strength is high, the precision is high, the components can be directly hoisted or installed and connected on site, a large amount of labor consumption is saved, the working efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, the integral structural strength is increased, and the safety of the tunnel is improved.
(3) This device can absorb the broken area of fault to the tensile stress, shear stress, the moment of flexure etc. that the tunnel produced when the activity takes place in the fault, effectively reduces the possibility that tunnel overall structure destroys to device itself has the automatic re-setting function, has saved a large amount of manpower and materials and time cost for the salvage of tunnel structure after the fault activity takes place.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. An assembled semi-movably connected tunnel suitable for passing through a fault fracture zone is characterized by comprising a grouting reinforcement area, assembled tunnel segments, wedge-shaped connecting pieces, a rubber cushion layer, an elastic deformation piece and an automatic reset key;
the grouting reinforcement area is formed by adopting high polymer grout to be injected around the hole of the excavation surface of the fault fracture zone;
the assembled tunnel segment comprises a plurality of segments arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the segments of adjacent segments are connected with an automatic reset key through an elastic deformation piece;
each segment of pipe piece comprises a plurality of pipe pieces which are connected together through a wedge-shaped connecting piece to form a structure with the same shape as the cross section of the tunnel, and the rubber cushion layer covers the outer surface of each pipe piece; the wedge-shaped connecting piece comprises a segment wedge-shaped groove, a segment wedge-shaped tenon, a normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer and a wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layer; wherein the normal temperature shape memory alloy layer is welded and fixed on the side surface of the edge of the wedge-shaped tenon of each segment and is in vertical extrusion contact with the wedge-shaped groove of the next segment; the wedge-shaped connecting piece rubber sealing layer covers the wedge-shaped surfaces of the segment wedge-shaped groove and the segment wedge-shaped tenon;
the normal-temperature shape memory alloy layer is provided with low-temperature airflow, so that the temperature of the alloy layer is reduced when the pipe piece is assembled, and the alloy layer is enabled to recover the shrinkage form at low temperature; the alloy layer is provided with normal-temperature airflow to enable the alloy temperature after the adjacent pipe pieces are assembled to be recovered to the normal temperature and the shape to be recovered to the expansion state at the normal temperature; the alloy expansion produces a vertical extrusion stress on the wedge-shaped grooves of adjacent segments, so that the wedge-shaped connecting piece is fixed.
2. An assembled semi-articulated tunnel according to claim 1, adapted for traversing a fracturable zone, wherein said resiliently deformable member is formed substantially by a metal spring plate welded between adjacent longitudinal segments.
3. The fabricated semi-articulated tunnel adapted for traversing a tomographic zone of claim 1, wherein the self-righting key comprises a rigid fixing head, a fixing screw hole and a superelastic shape memory alloy rod; the rigid fixing head fixes the superelastic shape memory alloy rod near the wedge-shaped connecting piece between two adjacent longitudinal pipe pieces through the fixing screw hole.
4. The fabricated semi-articulated tunnel of claim 3, wherein each self-resetting key comprises a plurality of superelastic shape memory alloy rods arranged in an array with a deformation space reserved between two adjacent superelastic shape memory alloy rods.
5. The fabricated semi-articulated tunnel for traversing fault-breaking zone according to claim 1, wherein the grouting reinforcement area is formed by uniformly arranging grouting holes on the periphery of the excavated section hole of the fault-breaking zone in advance by sequentially pressing and injecting deep layer, middle layer and shallow layer.
6. The fabricated semi-articulated tunnel adapted for traversing a fault-breaking zone of claim 1, wherein said fabricated tunnel segments comprise five segments, a vault segment, a left sidewall segment, a right sidewall segment, a left floor segment, and a right floor segment; wherein the vault section of jurisdiction includes vault and hunch shoulder part, and the side wall section of jurisdiction includes tunnel side wall and hunch waist part, and the bottom plate section of jurisdiction is including hunch foot and bottom plate part, and each part section of jurisdiction is all become protruding to the grouting reinforcement district country rock of arch, is convenient for bear great country rock pressure.
7. The fabricated semi-articulated tunnel adapted for traversing a fault-breaking zone of claim 1, wherein each segment of said fabricated tunnel segments is die cast from high strength steel and a hollow grid design is used in the middle of the segment.
8. The fabricated semi-articulated tunnel of claim 1, wherein the normal temperature shape memory alloy layer is a nickel titanium alloy with a two-way memory effect and has a transition temperature lower than the lowest temperature of the tunnel operating throughout the year.
9. A method of constructing a fabricated semi-articulated tunnel suitable for use across a fault-breaking zone according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
A. excavating a fault fracture zone, and performing high polymer slurry pressure injection around the excavated section hole to form a grouting reinforcement area;
B. tunnel segment for assembling a first segment
Assembling left and right bottom plate pipe pieces to ensure the coupling of wedge-shaped connecting pieces between adjacent pipe pieces; then the left wall pipe piece and the right wall pipe piece are assembled, and at the moment, a certain auxiliary device is adopted to support the pipe pieces to prevent the pipe pieces from falling; finally, assembling the arch-roof duct pieces, wherein the coupling of the arch-roof duct pieces and the tops of the left and right wall duct pieces is required to be ensured simultaneously; the assembly of the tunnel segments of the first pipe section is completed;
C. welding a metal spring plate at the tail part of the first pipe section, assembling the assembled tunnel of the second pipe section, and welding the non-welded end of the metal spring plate with the head part of the second pipe section after the assembly is finished to finish the arrangement of the elastic deformation part;
D. mounting an automatic reset key between the first pipe section and the second pipe section;
E. repeating the steps A-D to finish the continuous propulsion of the tunnel until the tunnel passes through a fault fracture zone;
in the step B, when the pipe piece is assembled, firstly, the alloy temperature is reduced by using low-temperature airflow, so that the pipe piece is recovered to a shrinkage form at low temperature; after the adjacent segments are assembled, the alloy is restored to normal temperature by normal-temperature airflow, and the shape of the alloy is restored to an expansion state at normal temperature; when the alloy expands, vertical extrusion stress is generated on the wedge-shaped groove of the adjacent pipe piece, so that the wedge-shaped connecting piece is fixed.
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| CN113565527B (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Tunnel protection structure suitable for activity rupture zone and high ground stress district |
| CN114593001B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2024-01-09 | 德阳市东方恒运电机有限公司 | Assembling method between control ring and outer water distribution ring of through-flow turbine |
| CN115182308B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-09-06 | 福州大学 | Self-adaptive water level pier anti-collision device and working method thereof |
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| CN204960951U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-13 | 中铁三局集团有限公司 | Tunnel is a steel bow member transverse connection device for preliminary bracing |
| CN106869962A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 中铁隧道勘测设计院有限公司 | A kind of shield duct piece waterproof construction and its construction method |
| CN106761833A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中铁隧道勘测设计院有限公司 | A kind of antidetonation tunnel structure with rubber blanket |
| CN107255033A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-17 | 乌鲁木齐城市轨道集团有限公司 | The error resilience for passing through active fault moves the construction method of Tunnel Second Lining |
| CN108119166B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-08-23 | 西南交通大学 | Across the large-scale activity fracture belt tunnel prefbricated tunnel lining structure in meizoseismal area and tunnel |
| CN108678783B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-08-01 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Tunnel two-lining end mould joint structure with sealing device |
| CN108547633A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-09-18 | 西南交通大学 | It is a kind of to cross over active fault anti-seismic structure and its construction method |
| CN109488342B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2024-03-22 | 山东建筑大学 | Hoop shell filling type flexible yielding lining for roadway support and construction method |
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