CN110130091A - 一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维及其制备方法,属于纺织技术领域。本发明制备的增韧添加剂,较好的固定了牛奶纤维中的活性成分,使得其具有较好的储能性能,并且提高了牛奶纤维的力学性能,增加了拉伸性能,使得牛奶纤维在纺纱过程中不易断丝,保持牛奶纤维原有特性的同时提高了纺丝效果;制备的固色成膜剂,多巴胺在氧存在的环境下进行氧化自聚成膜,形成的膜结构有利于染料的固色;制备的抗黏附涂层,使得利用牛奶纤维所制得的纺丝进行纺纱过程中利用其低表面性能减少由于牛奶纤维本身具有黏性对机件的黏附,使得纺丝过程中不会出现飞花现象。本发明解决了目前目前牛奶纤维在纺纱过程中纤维易黏附机件,飞花现象严重的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的不断进步和科学技术的飞速发展,人们对生活品质的要求不断提高,舒适、保健、环保、高档、时尚集一体的服装越来越 被人们所关注。目前利用现有设备,以多功能纤维为原料,结合新技术不断提高纤维的品质,制备集多功能为一体的服装产品备受消费者 的青睐。
牛奶纤维是一种再生蛋白质纤维,它是以牛奶为主要原料,牛奶经蒸发浓缩去除水分后,通过脱脂、碱化等加工,制得无脂的乳浊液,再经半透膜分离收集的蛋白质与黏合剂、去离子水等混合制得纺丝液,过滤脱泡后,经干法纺丝成型,再结合拉伸干燥定型等手段,得到牛奶纤维。它既有合成纤维机械强度高、尺寸稳定的特点,又具有天然纤维手感柔软、吸湿透气、亲肤环保的特点,是一种集天然纤维和合成纤维的优点于一身的半合成再生蛋白质纤维。
牛奶纤维中含有10种对人体有益的氨基酸,并含有蛋白质天然保湿因子,因此能起到营养肌肤,使肌肤柔润光滑。牛奶纤维具有蚕丝般的光泽,羊绒般的柔软手感;还具有天然的吸湿性、导湿性,穿着滑爽、舒适此外,牛奶蛋白纤维及其长丝是高档的新型纤维材料,它集天然的蛋白质纤维与化学纤维之优点于一身,具有亲肤、养肤、吸湿透气、手感柔软、光泽明亮、外观华贵、物理机械性能优良、具有良好的可纺织性等特点。牛奶纤维因含有对于皮肤有营养作用的牛奶蛋白,因此对人体有亲和性,具有独特的润肌养肤、抗菌消炎、吸湿快干的功效,而且绿色环保,可生物降解,对人体健康和生态环境有益。过去的家纺面料主要是以面料的耐用和外观去赢得消费者的购买欲望。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,健康与时尚结合在一起是消费者所需要的。家纺行业普遍使用的棉纤维具有较好的吸湿性,柔软贴身。同时也具有不透气、排湿慢、容易滋生细菌产生霉变等缺点,已经不能满足人们追求健康、时尚、舒适的生活需求。
目前牛奶纤维越来越多的与其它纤维共同加工成衣服面料,但是牛奶纤维本身也有类似柞蚕丝的米黄色的光泽,且不耐碱,在高温下尺寸收缩手感变差,且氧化漂白时其蛋白容易流失,一般多采用粗棉纺设备生产,产品的舒适度和柔软度等各种性能不是很高;另外,牛奶纤维在纺纱过程中纤维易黏附机件,飞花现象严重,不能满足人们更高的要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前牛奶纤维在纺纱过程中纤维易黏附机件,飞花现象严重的问题,提供一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,包括增韧添加剂、固色成膜剂、抗黏附涂层;
所述增韧添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)取桑枝皮纤维干燥,粉碎过40目筛,收集过筛颗粒按质量比1~3:30~40加入二甲基亚砜搅拌混合,冷却至室温,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物按质量比1~5:90~100加入去离子水,加入干燥物质量3~6%的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物,再加入干燥物质量50~60%的溴化钠搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物;
(2)取搅拌混合物按质量比80~100:10~15加入次氯酸钠搅拌混合,调节pH至3~4,搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物a,取搅拌混合物a按质量比50~70:6~9加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7~7.2,离心,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得增韧添加剂。
所述步骤(1)中搅拌混合物的搅拌混合条件为:于20~25℃搅拌混合50~70min。
所述固色成膜剂的制备方法为:取三羟甲基氨基甲烷按质量比1~4:40~50加入水搅拌混合,加入三羟甲基氨基甲烷4~8倍的盐酸多巴胺,调节pH至6.5~6.8,搅拌混合,得混合物,取混合物按质量比60~80:5~10加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷搅拌混合,即得固色成膜剂。
所述抗黏附涂层的制备方法为:取三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐按质量比3~5:40~50加入HEPES缓冲液,搅拌混合20~30min,再加入HEPES缓冲液质量10~30%的溶菌酶,调节pH至5~6,搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物b,取搅拌混合物b按质量比2~9:10~20加入二氯甲烷,通入氮气保护,加入搅拌混合物a质量1~5%的三乙胺,再加入搅拌混合物a质量2~6%的酰氯化添加剂搅拌混合,即得抗黏附涂层。
所述酰氯化添加剂为:取硬脂酰氯按质量比2~5:1~3加入月桂酰氯混合,即得。
所述抗黏附涂层的搅拌混合条件为:于20~25℃搅拌混合4~6h。
该制备方法包括如下步骤:取增韧添加剂按质量比3~6:10~20加入牛奶蛋白纤维纺丝液混合,进行纺丝,取制得的纺丝干燥,得干燥牛奶蛋白纤维,取固色成膜剂按质量比4~8:3~5加入抗黏附涂层,得混合液,取干燥牛奶蛋白纤维按质量比2~5:6~10加入混合液中浸泡,于20~30℃保温24~36h,灭酶,得灭酶物,取灭酶物于紫外光照射,干燥,即得抗黏附牛奶蛋白纤维。
所述紫外光照射的条件为:于600W、25~30℃紫外光照射20~30min。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明制备的增韧添加剂是以桑枝皮为原料经二甲亚砜处理,再经2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物进行氧化得到纳米型纤维素晶须,其在牛奶蛋白纤维基质中均匀分散,与基体之间形成较强的界面结合,同时限制了晶须附近牛奶纤维无定形区分子链的自由运动,较好的固定了牛奶纤维中的活性成分,使得其具有较好的储能性能,并且提高了牛奶纤维的力学性能,增加了拉伸性能,使得牛奶纤维在纺纱过程中不易断丝,保持牛奶纤维原有特性的同时提高了纺丝效果;
(2)本发明制备的固色成膜剂是以三羟甲基氨基甲烷、盐酸多巴胺等原料,经γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷修饰负载于牛奶纤维表面,多巴胺在氧存在的环境下进行氧化自聚成膜,形成的膜结构有利于染料的固色,同时多巴胺也能作为粘合剂和还原剂,保护了内部牛奶蛋白的活性,不易在洗涤过程中遭到损伤,延长了牛奶纤维的使用,最后通过紫外光固化使得固化时间缩短,提高了牛奶纤维的性能;
(3)本发明制备的抗黏附涂层是以三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐、溶菌酶等原料,加入的三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐通过二硫键还原,使得溶菌酶分子构象发生转变,使其聚集并自组装形成纳米级颗粒吸附于牛奶纤维表层,形成粗糙的表面结构,再经低表面能的酰氯化添加剂修饰,在纤维表面形成超疏水的包膜,使得利用牛奶纤维所制得的纺丝进行纺纱过程中利用其低表面性能减少由于牛奶纤维本身具有黏性对机件的黏附,使得纺丝过程中不会出现飞花现象。
具体实施方式
增韧添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)取桑枝皮纤维干燥,粉碎过40目筛,收集过筛颗粒按质量比1~3:30~40加入二甲基亚砜,于50~60℃搅拌混合3~6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物按质量比1~5:90~100加入去离子水,加入干燥物质量3~6%的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物,再加入干燥物质量50~60%的溴化钠,于20~25℃搅拌混合50~70min,得搅拌混合物;
(2)取搅拌混合物按质量比80~100:10~15加入次氯酸钠,搅拌混合20~30min,调节pH至3~4,于20~30℃搅拌混合1~3h,得搅拌混合物a,取搅拌混合物a按质量比50~70:6~9加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7~7.2,离心,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得增韧添加剂。
固色成膜剂的制备方法为:
取三羟甲基氨基甲烷按质量比1~4:40~50加入水,搅拌混合20~30min,加入三羟甲基氨基甲烷4~8倍的盐酸多巴胺,调节pH至6.5~6.8,于25~30℃搅拌混合30~50min,得混合物,取混合物按质量比60~80:5~10加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,于30~40℃搅拌混合1~3h,即得固色成膜剂。
酰氯化添加剂为:取硬脂酰氯按质量比2~5:1~3加入月桂酰氯混合,即得。
抗黏附涂层的制备方法为:
取三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐按质量比3~5:40~50加入浓度为pH7~8、浓度为1mol/L的HEPES缓冲液,搅拌混合20~30min,再加入HEPES缓冲液质量10~30%的溶菌酶,调节pH至5~6,搅拌混合50~80min,得搅拌混合物b,取搅拌混合物b按质量比2~9:10~20加入二氯甲烷,通入氮气保护,加入搅拌混合物a质量1~5%的三乙胺,再加入搅拌混合物a质量2~6%的酰氯化添加剂,于20~25℃搅拌混合4~6h,即得抗黏附涂层。
一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
取增韧添加剂按质量比3~6:10~20加入牛奶蛋白纤维纺丝液混合,进行纺丝,取制得的纺丝干燥,得干燥牛奶蛋白纤维,取固色成膜剂按质量比4~8:3~5加入抗黏附涂层,得混合液,取干燥牛奶蛋白纤维按质量比2~5:6~10加入混合液中浸泡,于20~30℃保温24~36h,灭酶,得灭酶物,取灭酶物于600W、25~30℃紫外光照射20~30min,干燥,即得纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维。
实施例1
增韧添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)取桑枝皮纤维干燥,粉碎过40目筛,收集过筛颗粒按质量比1:30加入二甲基亚砜,于50℃搅拌混合3h,冷却至室温,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物按质量比1:90加入去离子水,加入干燥物质量3%的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物,再加入干燥物质量50%的溴化钠,于20℃搅拌混合50min,得搅拌混合物;
(2)取搅拌混合物按质量比80:10加入次氯酸钠,搅拌混合20min,调节pH至3,于20℃搅拌混合1h,得搅拌混合物a,取搅拌混合物a按质量比50:6加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7,离心,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得增韧添加剂。
固色成膜剂的制备方法为:
取三羟甲基氨基甲烷按质量比1:40加入水,搅拌混合20min,加入三羟甲基氨基甲烷4倍的盐酸多巴胺,调节pH至6.5,于25℃搅拌混合30min,得混合物,取混合物按质量比60:5加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,于30℃搅拌混合1h,即得固色成膜剂。
酰氯化添加剂为:取硬脂酰氯按质量比2:1加入月桂酰氯混合,即得。
抗黏附涂层的制备方法为:
取三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐按质量比3:40加入浓度为pH7、浓度为1mol/L的HEPES缓冲液,搅拌混合20min,再加入HEPES缓冲液质量10%的溶菌酶,调节pH至5,搅拌混合50min,得搅拌混合物b,取搅拌混合物b按质量比2:10加入二氯甲烷,通入氮气保护,加入搅拌混合物a质量1%的三乙胺,再加入搅拌混合物a质量2%的酰氯化添加剂,于20℃搅拌混合4h,即得抗黏附涂层。
一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
取增韧添加剂按质量比3:10加入牛奶蛋白纤维纺丝液混合,进行纺丝,取制得的纺丝干燥,得干燥牛奶蛋白纤维,取固色成膜剂按质量比4:3加入抗黏附涂层,得混合液,取干燥牛奶蛋白纤维按质量比2:6加入混合液中浸泡,于20℃保温24h,灭酶,得灭酶物,取灭酶物于600W、25℃紫外光照射20min,干燥,即得纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维。
实施例2
增韧添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)取桑枝皮纤维干燥,粉碎过40目筛,收集过筛颗粒按质量比3:40加入二甲基亚砜,于60℃搅拌混合6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物按质量比5:100加入去离子水,加入干燥物质量6%的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物,再加入干燥物质量60%的溴化钠,于25℃搅拌混合70min,得搅拌混合物;
(2)取搅拌混合物按质量比100:15加入次氯酸钠,搅拌混合30min,调节pH至4,于30℃搅拌混合3h,得搅拌混合物a,取搅拌混合物a按质量比70:9加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7.2,离心,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得增韧添加剂。
固色成膜剂的制备方法为:
取三羟甲基氨基甲烷按质量比4:50加入水,搅拌混合30min,加入三羟甲基氨基甲烷8倍的盐酸多巴胺,调节pH至6.8,于30℃搅拌混合50min,得混合物,取混合物按质量比80:10加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,于40℃搅拌混合3h,即得固色成膜剂。
酰氯化添加剂为:取硬脂酰氯按质量比5:3加入月桂酰氯混合,即得。
抗黏附涂层的制备方法为:
取三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐按质量比5:50加入浓度为pH8、浓度为1mol/L的HEPES缓冲液,搅拌混合30min,再加入HEPES缓冲液质量30%的溶菌酶,调节pH至6,搅拌混合80min,得搅拌混合物b,取搅拌混合物b按质量比9:20加入二氯甲烷,通入氮气保护,加入搅拌混合物a质量5%的三乙胺,再加入搅拌混合物a质量6%的酰氯化添加剂,于25℃搅拌混合6h,即得抗黏附涂层。
一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
取增韧添加剂按质量比6:20加入牛奶蛋白纤维纺丝液混合,进行纺丝,取制得的纺丝干燥,得干燥牛奶蛋白纤维,取固色成膜剂按质量比8:5加入抗黏附涂层,得混合液,取干燥牛奶蛋白纤维按质量比5:10加入混合液中浸泡,于30℃保温36h,灭酶,得灭酶物,取灭酶物于600W、30℃紫外光照射30min,干燥,即得纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维。
实施例3
增韧添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)取桑枝皮纤维干燥,粉碎过40目筛,收集过筛颗粒按质量比2:35加入二甲基亚砜,于55℃搅拌混合4h,冷却至室温,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物按质量比3:95加入去离子水,加入干燥物质量5%的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物,再加入干燥物质量55%的溴化钠,于23℃搅拌混合60min,得搅拌混合物;
(2)取搅拌混合物按质量比90:13加入次氯酸钠,搅拌混合25min,调节pH至3.5,于25℃搅拌混合2h,得搅拌混合物a,取搅拌混合物a按质量比60:7加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7.1,离心,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得增韧添加剂。
固色成膜剂的制备方法为:
取三羟甲基氨基甲烷按质量比3:43加入水,搅拌混合25min,加入三羟甲基氨基甲烷6倍的盐酸多巴胺,调节pH至6.7,于28℃搅拌混合40min,得混合物,取混合物按质量比70:6加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,于35℃搅拌混合2h,即得固色成膜剂。
酰氯化添加剂为:取硬脂酰氯按质量比3:2加入月桂酰氯混合,即得。
抗黏附涂层的制备方法为:
取三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐按质量比4:43加入浓度为pH7.5、浓度为1mol/L的HEPES缓冲液,搅拌混合25min,再加入HEPES缓冲液质量20%的溶菌酶,调节pH至5.5,搅拌混合70min,得搅拌混合物b,取搅拌混合物b按质量比7:13加入二氯甲烷,通入氮气保护,加入搅拌混合物a质量3%的三乙胺,再加入搅拌混合物a质量4%的酰氯化添加剂,于23℃搅拌混合5h,即得抗黏附涂层。
一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
取增韧添加剂按质量比5:17加入牛奶蛋白纤维纺丝液混合,进行纺丝,取制得的纺丝干燥,得干燥牛奶蛋白纤维,取固色成膜剂按质量比6:4加入抗黏附涂层,得混合液,取干燥牛奶蛋白纤维按质量比3:8加入混合液中浸泡,于25℃保温26h,灭酶,得灭酶物,取灭酶物于600W、29℃紫外光照射25min,干燥,即得纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维。
对比例1:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少增韧添加剂。
对比例2:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少固色成膜剂。
对比例3:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少抗黏附涂层。
对比例4:温州市某公司生产的牛奶蛋白纤维。
将上述实施例与对比例制备的牛奶蛋白纤维进行检测,干、湿断裂强度按照CB/T13835.5-1992标准检测,线密度按照GB/T14335-2008标准检测,利用 Datacolor 600电脑测色仪测得染色的牛奶纤维表面颜色深度K/S值,得到的结果如表1所示。
表1:
检测项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 |
干断裂强度/CN/dtex | 2.23 | 2.25 | 2.21 | 2.18 | 2.11 | 2.15 | 1.95 |
湿断裂强度/CN/dtex | 1.21 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 0.98 |
线密度/dtex | 1.78 | 1.79 | 1.78 | 1.74 | 1.73 | 1.75 | 1.52 |
干强CV值/% | 23.5 | 22.6 | 23.4 | 21.5 | 21.6 | 20.4 | 18.5 |
K/S值 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.5 |
综合上述,从表1可以看出本发明的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维效果更好,值得推广使用,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳方式,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,其特征在于,包括增韧添加剂、固色成膜剂、抗黏附涂层;
所述增韧添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)取桑枝皮纤维干燥,粉碎过40目筛,收集过筛颗粒按质量比1~3:30~40加入二甲基亚砜搅拌混合,冷却至室温,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物按质量比1~5:90~100加入去离子水,加入干燥物质量3~6%的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧化物,再加入干燥物质量50~60%的溴化钠搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物;
(2)取搅拌混合物按质量比80~100:10~15加入次氯酸钠搅拌混合,调节pH至3~4,搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物a,取搅拌混合物a按质量比50~70:6~9加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7~7.2,离心,取沉淀冷冻干燥,即得增韧添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中搅拌混合物的搅拌混合条件为:于20~25℃搅拌混合50~70min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,其特征在于,所述固色成膜剂的制备方法为:取三羟甲基氨基甲烷按质量比1~4:40~50加入水搅拌混合,加入三羟甲基氨基甲烷4~8倍的盐酸多巴胺,调节pH至6.5~6.8,搅拌混合,得混合物,取混合物按质量比60~80:5~10加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷搅拌混合,即得固色成膜剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,其特征在于,所述抗黏附涂层的制备方法为:取三(2-羰基乙基)磷盐酸盐按质量比3~5:40~50加入HEPES缓冲液,搅拌混合20~30min,再加入HEPES缓冲液质量10~30%的溶菌酶,调节pH至5~6,搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物b,取搅拌混合物b按质量比2~9:10~20加入二氯甲烷,通入氮气保护,加入搅拌混合物a质量1~5%的三乙胺,再加入搅拌混合物a质量2~6%的酰氯化添加剂搅拌混合,即得抗黏附涂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,其特征在于,所述酰氯化添加剂为:取硬脂酰氯按质量比2~5:1~3加入月桂酰氯混合,即得。
6.根据权利要求4所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维,其特征在于,所述抗黏附涂层的搅拌混合条件为:于20~25℃搅拌混合4~6h。
7.一种如权利要求1~6任意一项所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括如下步骤:取增韧添加剂按质量比3~6:10~20加入牛奶蛋白纤维纺丝液混合,进行纺丝,取制得的纺丝干燥,得干燥牛奶蛋白纤维,取固色成膜剂按质量比4~8:3~5加入抗黏附涂层,得混合液,取干燥牛奶蛋白纤维按质量比2~5:6~10加入混合液中浸泡,于20~30℃保温24~36h,灭酶,得灭酶物,取灭酶物于紫外光照射,干燥,即得抗黏附牛奶蛋白纤维。
8.根据权利要求7所述的纺丝牛奶蛋白纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述紫外光照射的条件为:于600W、25~30℃紫外光照射20~30min。
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CN115627630A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-20 | 北京铜牛曙光科技有限公司 | 一种抗起球面料及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN115323799B (zh) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-08-08 | 常熟威怡科技有限公司 | 一种结构生色纤维素织物及其制备方法 |
CN115627630A (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-20 | 北京铜牛曙光科技有限公司 | 一种抗起球面料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115627630B (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-04-30 | 北京铜牛曙光科技有限公司 | 一种抗起球面料及其制备方法和应用 |
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