CN110128269A - 一种植物油多元醇及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种植物油多元醇的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将植物油与双氧水、有机酸、催化剂、稳定剂混合,搅拌进行环氧化反应,得到碘值为15~50的环氧植物油;(2)将步骤(1)得到的环氧植物油与甲醇混合,搅拌进行开环反应,即得粘度较低利于后期应用的植物油多元醇。本发明还公开了植物油多元醇及其在制备聚氨酯粘合或聚氨酯弹性体中的应用。本发明制备得到的植物油多元醇粘度低,品质好,可替代传统聚醚多元醇,用于聚氨酯粘合剂和聚氨酯弹性体的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质多元醇及其制备方法和应用,具体涉及一种植物油多元醇及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
传统的CASE类聚醚多元醇都是用甘油、二甘醇、丙二醇作为起始剂,环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷作为链增长剂,里面含有98%以上是石油衍生物。目前,人们希望减少对石油的依赖,改善环境。生物质多元醇与石油类多元醇相比,能耗降低23%,非可再生资源消耗降61%,温室气体排放减少36%,以其替代石油基多元醇生产聚氨酯已成为聚氨酯材料发展的重要方向。
聚氨酯粘合剂是指在分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团(-NHCOO-)或异氰酸酯基(-NCO)的胶粘剂。异氰酸酯基(-NCO)和氨基甲酸酯基(-NH-COO-)具有强极性和化学活泼型,与含有活泼氢的基材,如泡沫、塑料、木材、皮革、织物、纸张、陶瓷等多孔材料,以及金属、玻璃、橡胶、塑料等表面光洁的材料都有优良的化学粘接力。然而常规粘合剂的固化时间较长,粘合强度低,韧性差,熔解后流动性不好,稳定性差。部分聚氨酯粘合剂需要进行改性,增加了粘合剂的成本。
发明内容
发明目的:为了解决现有的植物油中双键氧化程度高、环氧值较高、碘值较低,导致生成的多元醇产品羟值高、粘度高的问题,本发明第一发明提供了一种植物油多元醇的制备方法,第二方面提供了所述制备方法得到的植物油多元醇及其应用。
技术方案:本发明所述一种植物油多元醇的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将植物油与双氧水、有机酸、催化剂、稳定剂混合,进行环氧化反应得到碘值为15~50的环氧植物油;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的环氧植物油与甲醇混合,进行开环反应即得植物油多元醇。
步骤(1)中,所述的有机酸为甲酸或乙酸,所述的催化剂为硫酸或磷酸,所述的稳定剂为乙二胺四乙酸;所述的植物油为大豆油、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油、芝麻油中的任意一种或几种的组合;所述植物油中的双键、双氧水、有机酸、催化剂和稳定剂的摩尔比为1∶0.83~1.06∶0.83~1.06∶0.005~0.01∶0.001~0.005。优选地,所述植物油中的双键、双氧水、有机酸、催化剂和稳定剂的摩尔比为1∶0.83~1.06∶0.83~1.06∶0.005~0.01∶0.001~0.005。优选地,所述植物油中的双键、双氧水、有机酸、催化剂和稳定剂的摩尔比为1∶0.83~0.96∶0.83~0.96∶0.01∶0.002。所述环氧化反应的反应温度为40~50℃,反应时间为3~6h。优选地,环氧化反应的温度为45℃,反应时间为5h。
步骤(2)中,所述环氧植物油中环氧基和甲醇的摩尔比为1∶1.5~4.5;所述开环反应的反应温度为60~70℃,反应时间为6~10h。优选地,开环反应温度为65℃,反应时间为8h。
本发明第二方面提供所述的制备方法制备得到的植物油多元醇,所述植物油多元醇的粘度为600~2600mPa·s。
本发明第三方面提供所述植物油多元醇在制备聚氨酯粘合剂或聚氨酯弹性体中的应用。
优选地,所述聚氨酯粘合剂的制备方法可参考现有技术,优选方法如下:将本发明制备得到的植物油多元醇与活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120-140℃抽真空脱水1-3h;冷却至40-50℃,加入催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;再与B组分异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化制备聚氨酯粘合剂。所述植物油多元醇、活性碳酸钙、异氰酸酯聚合MDI、催化剂T-12的质量比为1∶1~1.8∶0.2~0.6∶0.0001~0.0003。
优选地,所述聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法参考现有技术,优选方法如下:在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将本发明制备的植物油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120-140℃抽真空脱水2-3h,冷却至55-65℃后加入异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1-3h合成异氰酸根含量为4.5-8.5%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入扩链剂1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入90-120℃的模具中硫化20-40min后脱模放入80-100℃的烘箱后硫化16-20h,得到聚氨酯弹性体。其中,所述植物油多元醇、异氰酸酯TDI-100、1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷的质量比为1∶0.3~0.5∶0.04~0.08∶0.01~0.04。
有益效果:植物油中含有不饱和碳碳双键,经环氧化反应生成环氧基,随后环氧基经开环反应引入羟基。本发明通过优化植物油、双氧水、有机酸、催化剂和稳定剂的比例,使环氧植物油保持部分双键,使环氧植物油的碘值维持在15-50,制备得到了粘度较低且利于后期应用的植物油多元醇,该多元醇可替代传统CASE类聚醚多元醇,用于聚氨酯粘合剂和聚氨酯弹性体的制备。同时,本发明工艺简单,操作方便,能耗低,有机酸消耗少,副反应少,所得的产物无需进一步处理,非常适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
本发明对所制备的环氧植物油及植物油多元醇的相关测定方法如下:
(1)根据GB/T 12008.3-2009测羟值;
(2)根据GB/T 12008.7-2010测粘度;
(3)根据GB/T 5532-2008测碘值;
(4)根据GB/T 1677-2008测环氧值;
(5)根据GB/T 1040-2006测拉伸强度和断裂伸长率;
(6)根据GB/T 7124-2008测拉伸剪切强度;
(7)根据GB/T 1457-2005测滚筒剥离强度;
(8)根据GB/T 10807-2006测硬度;
(9)根据GB/T 528-2009测扯断伸长率。
实施例1
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将926g大豆油(碘值130)(含双键4.75mol),196g甲酸(4.26mol),483g 30%的双氧水(4.26mol),5g硫酸(0.05mol)和2.9g EDTA(0.01mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5h,分离有机相得到环氧大豆油,其碘值为50,环氧值为4.05。将得到的环氧植物油与315g甲醇(9.84mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8h。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制大豆油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g大豆油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯粘合剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g大豆油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得大豆油基聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将921g玉米油(碘值120)(含双键4.35mol),173g甲酸(3.77mol),428g 30%的双氧水(3.77mol),4.3g硫酸(0.044mol)和2.54g EDTA(0.0087mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5h,分离有机相得到环氧玉米油,其碘值为40,环氧值为4.15。将得到的环氧植物油与279g甲醇(8.7mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8h。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制玉米油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g玉米油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯粘合剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g玉米油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得玉米油基聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例3
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将923g芝麻油(碘值110)(含双键4.00mol),163g甲酸(3.55mol),402g 30%的双氧水(3.55mol),3.9g硫酸(0.04mol)和2.34g EDTA(0.008mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5h,分离有机相,得到环氧芝麻油,其碘值为35,环氧值为3.95。将得到的环氧植物油与262g甲醇(8.19mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8h。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制芝麻油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g芝麻油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯胶黏剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g芝麻油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得芝麻油基聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例4
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将923g棉籽油(碘值105)(含双键3.8mol),157g甲酸(3.40mol),385g 30%的双氧水(3.40mol),3.53g硫酸(0.036mol)和2.13g EDTA(0.0073mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5小时,分离有机相得到环氧棉籽油,其碘值为28,环氧值为4.05。将得到的环氧植物油与251g甲醇(7.84mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8小时。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制棉籽油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g棉籽油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯粘合剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g棉籽油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得棉籽油基聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例5
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将916g花生油(碘值95)(含双键3.46mol),153g甲酸(3.33mol),378g 30%的双氧水(3.33mol),3.43g硫酸(0.035mol)和2.02g EDTA(0.0069mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5h,分离有机相得到环氧花生油,其碘值为25(18),环氧值为(3.95)。将得到的环氧植物油与246g甲醇(7.68mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8h。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制花生油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g花生油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯粘合剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g花生油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得花生油基聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将926g大豆油(含双键4.75mol),282g甲酸(6.12mol),483g 30%的双氧水(4.26mol),5g硫酸(0.05mol)和2.9g EDTA(0.01mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5h,分离有机相得到环氧大豆油,其碘值为9,环氧值为6.2。将得到的环氧植物油与315g甲醇(9.84mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8h。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制大豆油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g大豆油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯粘合剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g大豆油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得大豆油基聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例2
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
将926g大豆油(含双键5.10(4.75)mol),117g甲酸(2.55mol),483g 30%的双氧水(4.26mol),5g硫酸(0.05mol)和2.9g EDTA(0.01mol)混合,温度设定为45℃,600rpm搅拌反应5h,分离有机相得到环氧大豆油,其碘值为69,环氧值为3.12。将得到的环氧植物油与315g甲醇(9.84mol)混合,设定温度为65℃,600rpm搅拌反应8h。冷却至室温后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用5%碳酸钠溶液和蒸馏水洗涤至pH=7,随后用无水硫酸钠干燥得到精制大豆油多元醇。
(2)植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
取100g大豆油多元醇与150g活性碳酸钙置于密闭分散容器;升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h;冷却至45℃,加入0.0125g催化剂T-12后均匀分散,得到聚氨酯粘合剂A组分;取100g聚氨酯粘合剂A组分,加入20g异氰酸酯聚合MDI反应固化即可制得聚氨酯粘合剂。
(3)植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的制备
在氮气保护下,采用预聚体法制备聚氨酯弹性体,将100g大豆油多元醇投入三口瓶,升温至120℃抽真空脱水2h,冷却至60℃后加入40g异氰酸酯TDI-100搅拌反应1.5h合成异氰酸根含量为6%的预聚体,合成预聚体后加入4.0g1,4-丁二醇和1.0g三羟甲基丙烷,搅拌混合均匀后倒入100℃的模具中硫化40min后脱模放入100℃的烘箱后硫化20h,即可制得大豆油基聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例1-5,对比例1-2制备得到的植物油多元醇的性能指标见表1,制备得到的植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂性能指标见表2,制备得到的植物油基聚氨酯弹性体性能指标见表3。
表1植物油多元醇性能指标
性能指标 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
碘值(g/100g) | 50 | 40 | 35 | 28 | 18 | 9 | 69 |
羟值(mgKOH/g) | 134.2 | 137.2 | 131.5 | 135.8 | 132.6 | 175.3 | 101.8 |
粘度(g/100g) | 780 | 800 | 850 | 880 | 910 | 2960 | 500 |
表2植物油基聚氨酯粘合剂性能指标
表3植物油基聚氨酯弹性体性能指标
性能指标 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
硬度(邵尔D) | 37 | 38 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 41 | 31 |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 32 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 38 | 29 |
扯断伸长率(%) | 350 | 330 | 340 | 330 | 320 | 290 | 370 |
Claims (9)
1.一种植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将植物油与双氧水、有机酸、催化剂、稳定剂混合,进行环氧化反应得到碘值为15~50的环氧植物油;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的环氧植物油与甲醇混合,进行开环反应即得植物油多元醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的有机酸为甲酸或乙酸,所述的催化剂为硫酸或磷酸,所述的稳定剂为乙二胺四乙酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的植物油为大豆油、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油、芝麻油中的任意一种或几种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述植物油中的双键、双氧水、有机酸、催化剂和稳定剂的摩尔比为1∶0.83~1.06∶0.83~1.06∶0.005~0.01∶0.001~0.005。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述环氧化反应的反应温度为40~50℃,反应时间为3~6h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述环氧植物油中环氧基和甲醇的摩尔比为1∶1.5~4.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述开环反应的反应温度为60~70℃,反应时间为6~10h。
8.权利要求1~7任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的植物油多元醇。
9.权利要求8所述的植物油多元醇在制备聚氨酯粘合剂或聚氨酯弹性体中的应用。
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