CN110126702A - 一种减振毯 - Google Patents

一种减振毯 Download PDF

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CN110126702A
CN110126702A CN201910456847.3A CN201910456847A CN110126702A CN 110126702 A CN110126702 A CN 110126702A CN 201910456847 A CN201910456847 A CN 201910456847A CN 110126702 A CN110126702 A CN 110126702A
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vibration damping
damping blanket
superficial layer
staple fiber
layer
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张丛见
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Wuxi Jixing Auto Acoustic Parts Technology Co Ltd
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Wuxi Jixing Auto Acoustic Parts Technology Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/64Back-rests or cushions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N3/00Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for
    • B60N3/04Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets
    • B60N3/048Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets characterised by their structure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R5/00Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like
    • B60R5/04Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like arranged at rear of vehicle
    • B60R5/044Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like arranged at rear of vehicle luggage covering means, e.g. parcel shelves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003Interior finishings

Abstract

本发明公开了一种减振毯,所述减振毯至少包括一个表面层,所述表面层由短纤维和极细纤维混合制成,其特征在于:所述极细纤维的线密度为0.02dtex~0.5dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量≥8wt%,所述短纤维的线密度为1~20dtex,短纤维的长度在25mm~130mm之间。本发明的减振毯能够发挥很高的隔声性能,同时具有很好的吸声性能。能满足车辆等交通工具的高端化、私密化的需求,减少对于人耳的噪声危害。

Description

一种减振毯
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车内饰材料技术领域,尤其是涉及一种减振毯。
背景技术
汽车内部通常会用到不同类型的地毯,有的由毯面、毛毡租成,有的由毯面、EVA、毛毡组成,而也有的由毯面、EPDM和PU组成。根据声学性能的要求不同,客户会选择不同类型的地毯。而无论哪种类型的地毯,通常都不会缺少毯面。毯面主要有两种类型:簇绒毯和针刺毯。簇绒毯一般用于中高端车型,价格比较高;而针刺毯常用于平民车型。毯面不但有理化性能的要求,近年来对声学性能的要求也越来越高。
公开号为:CN104321478的中国专利公开了一种中空纤维在针刺地毯上的应用,该发明中至少包括一个由短纤维制成的作为顶层的针刺表面层,短纤维中包括中空纤维。与普通针刺毯相比,中空纤维针刺毯的耐磨性能占有明显优势,但声学性能并没有多大提升。
限于目前对于吸声材料中微观结构和吸声原理的认知水平,目前市场中生产的毯面材料基本都仅仅着眼于其隔声性能的改善,但是,一种材料整体的声学性能不光与其隔声性能有关,还与其吸声性能密切相关。材料的吸声性能主要取决于声波在其本体结构中传播的耗散,即与组成吸声材料的纤维种类、纤维直径和纤维强度密切相关。传统毡类毯面材料,通过背胶的设计如淋不同克重的胶膜层或者复合不同克重的薄膜,往往可以取得很高的隔声性能,但这必然会牺牲掉毯面的吸声性能。对于改善车内吸声性能,传统毯面材料通常已没有更好的办法,使得传统车用毯面材料在应用时具有一定的局限性。
随着自动驾驶技术的发展,乘客的注意力会从驾驶转移到驾乘体验上,对车辆舒适性要求会越来越高,对车内吸声和隔声的需求只增不减。在客户需求的驱动下,本领域的技术人员需要研发一种既能发挥很高的隔声性能,又能保持很好的吸声性能的减振毯面,提升车内的声学品质。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种既能发挥很高的隔声性能,又能保持很好的吸声性能的减振毯,以满足车辆等交通工具的高端化、私密化需求,减少对于人耳的噪声危害。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种减振毯,所述减振毯至少包括一个表面层,所述表面层由短纤维和极细纤维混合制成,其特征在于:所述极细纤维的线密度为0.02dtex~0.5dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量≥8wt%。
特别地,所述短纤维由热塑性材料制成,所述热塑性材料为聚丙烯腈纤维、腈纶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、丙纶(PP)或者聚酰胺(PA)的任一种或几种。
特别地,所述短纤维的线密度为1~20dtex,优选为4~10dtex。
特别地,所述短纤维的长度在25mm~130mm之间,优选为40~90mm。
特别地,所述减振毯中的表面层为丝绒、无定向丝绒或平坦的表面的任一种。
特别地,所述表面层具有100~2000g/m2的面积重量。
一种减振毯,所述减振毯包括上述表面层,所述表面层的底部设置有粘结介质层,所述粘结介质层通过底部的粘结层与表面层粘结为一体。
特别地,所述粘结介质层为无纺布层或泡沫层的任一种。
特别地,所述粘结层由胶膜或者胶粉制成,所述胶膜或者胶粉由PE、PP或EVA制成。
特别地,所述减振毯用于制备汽车或轨道交通车辆中的覆盖物,特别是用做主地毯、内控制板区域、地板垫、座椅靠背、行李架的覆盖物,或者用作车尾箱或行李箱中的区域的覆盖物。
本发明的有益效果为,与现有技术相比所述减振毯能够发挥很高的隔声性能,同时具有很好的吸声性能。能满足车辆等交通工具的高端化、私密化的需求,减少对于人耳的噪声危害。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施方式中实施例1,实施例2,对比例1以及对比例2得到的减振毯的吸声系数随声波频率之间的变化曲线;
图2为本发明具体实施方式中实施例1,实施例2,对比例1以及对比例2得到的减振毯的隔声系数随声波频率之间的变化曲线;
图3为本发明具体实施方式中实施例1,实施例3,实施例4以及对比例3得到的减振毯的吸声系数随声波频率之间的变化曲线;
图4为本发明具体实施方式中实施例1,实施例3,实施例4以及对比例3得到的减振毯的隔声系数随声波频率之间的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
为了便于理解本发明,下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施例。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容理解的更加透彻全面。需要说明的是,当部件被称为“固定于”另一个部件,它可以直接在另一个部件上或者也可以存在居中的部件。当一个部件被认为是“连接”另一个部件,它可以是直接连接到另一个部件或者可能同时存在居中部件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例1:
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯1:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex,所述减振毯中极细纤维的线密度为0.05dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量20wt%。
实施例2:
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯2:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述减振毯中极细纤维的线密度为0.05dtex,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex。与实施例1的区别仅在于,所述减振毯2中极细纤维的含量为8wt%。
实施例3:
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯3:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量20wt%。与实施例1的区别仅在于,所用极细纤维的线密度为0.1dtex。
实施例4:
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯4:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量20wt%。与实施例1的区别仅在于,所用极细纤维的线密度为0.5dtex。
为了更好地体现上述各个实施例的吸声及隔声性能,特例举以下对比例:
对比例1:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量5wt%。
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯5:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述极细纤维的线密度为0.05dtex,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex。
对比例2:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,其中无极细纤维。
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯6:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex。
对比例3:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,所用极细纤维的线密度为1dtex。
表面层使用标准工业规模的毯面生产线来制造。短纤维和超细纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在无纺布中,之后覆乳胶定型,形成一种能单独使用或者与其他功能层复合的毯面结构,即为减振毯7:经检测,所述减振毯厚度为5mm,面积重量为800g/m2,所述短纤维的线密度为4dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量20wt%。
通过如下方法对上述各实施例和对照例得到的减振毯1~7的声性能进行测试,得到如图1至图4的变化曲线图。
(1)吸声性能测试
根据通用认证标准GMW14177-2014中所述的方法分别测试减振毯1~7在不同频率下的吸声系数,绘制吸声系数随声波频率之间的变化曲线,以表征其吸声性能。
(2)隔声性能测试
根据通用认证标准GMW14618-2015中所述的方法分别测试减振毯1~7在不同频率下的插入损失,绘制插入损失随声波频率之间的变化曲线,以表征其隔声性能。
注意,上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解,本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例,对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此,虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明,但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例,在不脱离本发明构思的情况下,还可以包括更多其他等效实施例,而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (10)

1.一种减振毯,所述减振毯至少包括一个表面层,所述表面层由短纤维和极细纤维混合制成,其特征在于,所述极细纤维的线密度为0.02dtex~0.5dtex,按重量百分数计算,所述极细纤维的含量≥8wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述短纤维由热塑性材料制成,所述热塑性材料为聚丙烯腈纤维、腈纶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、丙纶或者聚酰胺的任一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述短纤维的线密度为1~20dtex,优选为4~10dtex。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述短纤维的长度在25mm~130mm之间,优选为40~90mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述减振毯中的表面层为丝绒、无定向丝绒或平坦的表面的任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述表面层具有100~2000g/m2的面积重量。
7.一种减振毯,其特征在于,所述减振毯包括如权利要求1-6任一项所述的表面层,所述表面层的底部设置有粘结介质层,所述粘结介质层通过底部的粘结层与表面层粘结为一体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述粘结介质层为无纺布层或泡沫层的任一种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述粘结层由胶膜或者胶粉制成,所述胶膜或者胶粉由PE、PP或EVA制成。
10.根据权利要求7所述的减振毯,其特征在于,所述减振毯用于制备汽车或轨道交通车辆中的覆盖物,特别是用做主地毯、内控制板区域、地板垫、座椅靠背、行李架的覆盖物,或者用作车尾箱或行李箱中的区域的覆盖物。
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JP2003049351A (ja) * 2001-07-31 2003-02-21 Toyobo Co Ltd 高性能吸音材
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CN102627010A (zh) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-08 株式会社广谷 车辆用防噪声材及其制造方法
CN103088549A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-05-08 江苏六鑫洁净新材料有限公司 基于聚丙烯超细纤维和涤纶短纤维的双组份吸音、隔热棉及其制备方法
CN104797415A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2015-07-22 富士工株式会社 轻质毛毡材料
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0581756A2 (fr) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-02 Luxmetall S.A. Procédé d'absorption de liquide ou vapeur sur supports métalliques ou non métalliques
JPH06212545A (ja) * 1993-01-20 1994-08-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Co <3M> 難燃性メルトブローン不織布
JP2003049351A (ja) * 2001-07-31 2003-02-21 Toyobo Co Ltd 高性能吸音材
CN201233717Y (zh) * 2008-07-17 2009-05-06 侯慕毅 熔喷超细纤维双组份隔音材料
CN102627010A (zh) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-08 株式会社广谷 车辆用防噪声材及其制造方法
CN103088549A (zh) * 2012-12-04 2013-05-08 江苏六鑫洁净新材料有限公司 基于聚丙烯超细纤维和涤纶短纤维的双组份吸音、隔热棉及其制备方法
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