CN110126405A - 户外塑胶地板及其生产工艺 - Google Patents

户外塑胶地板及其生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN110126405A
CN110126405A CN201810128765.1A CN201810128765A CN110126405A CN 110126405 A CN110126405 A CN 110126405A CN 201810128765 A CN201810128765 A CN 201810128765A CN 110126405 A CN110126405 A CN 110126405A
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tpu
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戴会斌
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ZHEJIANG JINGTONG PLASTICS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种户外塑胶地板及其生产工艺，包括石塑基材层和分别置于石塑基材层上下表面的TPU层，所述TPU层由以下重量份的原料组成：PTU80‑120份；稳定剂2‑4份；PE蜡1‑1.5份；硬脂酸1‑1.5份；石粉40‑80份；CPE2‑4份。该塑胶地板可以适用于户外，具有很好的抗老化性。

Description

户外塑胶地板及其生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及地板领域，特别涉及一种户外塑胶地板及其生产工艺。
背景技术
塑胶地板是以PVC为主要原料，加入填料、增塑剂、稳定剂、着色剂等辅料制成的地板，在生产制造过程中，一般都会在地板的表面热压彩膜层和耐磨层，由彩膜层实现装饰的功能，由耐磨层实现耐刮的功能，但彩膜层和耐磨层均由PVC材料制成，PVC材料在长时间光照下容易老化而造成损坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种户外塑胶地板，可提升其抗老化性并适用于户外。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种户外塑胶地板，包括石塑基材层和分别置于石塑基材层上下表面的TPU层，所述TPU层由以下重量份的原料组成：TPU80-120份；钙锌稳定剂2-4份；PE蜡1-1.5份；硬脂酸1-1.5份；石粉40-80份；CPE2-4份。
通过采用上述技术方案，在使用过程中，最上层的TPU层曝露于外界环境，在长时间的光照下，TPU层相较于PVC的抗老化性更好，从而在户外使用过程中能够延长其使用寿命，并且表面的TPU层耐磨、耐油、弹性好，进而可拓宽其适用范围，同时，TPU层的机械强度高，承载能力、抗冲击性及减震性能突出，并且TPU的玻璃态转变温度比较低，在零下35摄氏度仍保持良好的弹性、柔顺性和其它物理性能，因为在生产过程中需要对TPU层进行挤出成型，而TPU相较于PVC的加工性能更好；而且，相较于现有的石塑地板，利用TPU层直接代替了耐磨层和彩膜层，降低了生产成本，也使表面的耐磨性更好。通过加入石粉能够确保TPU层的强度，加入钙锌稳定剂能够提高TPU的稳定性，加入硬脂酸可以实现内润滑，减少分子间的摩擦力，提高流动性，在螺杆挤出机挤出过程中更加顺利，改善最终产品的光洁度；加入CPE可以增强TPU层的韧性，加入聚乙烯蜡能够实现外润滑，在螺杆挤出机挤出过程中更容易脱模，进而提升其尺寸的稳定度。
本发明进一步设置为：所述石塑基材层由以下重量份的原料组成：聚氯乙烯50份，石粉150份，钙锌稳定剂6份，硬脂酸0.35份，PVC改性剂5份，炭黑0.2份，聚乙烯蜡0.6份，所述PVC改性剂为以甲基丙烯酸甲啼为主体的丙烯酸树脂。
通过采用上述技术方案，通过加入石粉能够确保石塑基材层的强度，加入钙锌稳定剂能够提高聚氯乙烯的稳定性，加入硬脂酸可以实现内润滑，减少分子间的摩擦力，提高流动性，在螺杆挤出机挤出过程中更加顺利，改善最终产品的光洁度；加入PVC改性剂可以提升强度以及增强韧性，加入炭黑对石塑基材层起到着色效果，加入聚乙烯蜡能够实现外润滑，在螺杆挤出机挤出过程中更容易脱模，进而提升其尺寸的稳定度。
本发明进一步设置为：所述石塑基材层与任意一层TPU层的厚度之比为2:1。
通过采用上述技术方案，使从上至下的三层厚度比例为1:2:1，该比例的厚度可达到更好的机械强度和弹性，使其在户外使用时，达到更好的使用性能。
本发明进一步设置为：最上层所述TPU层表面压印有压花，最下层所述TPU层底面压印有底纹。
通过采用上述技术方案，在最上层的TPU层表面压印有压花，进而可起到装饰的效果，从而可替代原先石塑地板的耐磨层和彩膜层，降低生产成本，利用最下层的TPU层底面的底纹能够提升安装后底部的摩擦力，进而提升装配后的稳定性。
本发明进一步设置为：所述TPU层还包括PVC0-20份。
通过采用上述技术方案，加入一定份数的PVC能够在一定程度上降低生产成本。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种户外塑胶地板的生产工艺，可提升其抗老化性并适用于户外。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种户外塑胶地板的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤A：配料，将石塑基材层的原料聚氯乙烯、石粉、钙锌稳定剂、硬脂酸、PVC改性剂、炭黑以及聚乙烯蜡进行称重并混合，将TPU层的原料TPU、钙锌稳定剂、PE蜡、硬脂酸、石粉、CPE进行称重并混合；
步骤B：上料，将石塑基材层的原料和TPU层的原料以1:1的比例进行称重，并将上述两种原料分别放入一台挤出机内；
步骤C：三层共挤，两台挤出机分别将熔融的原料以相同的速度挤入至三层共挤分配器内实现共挤，并通过模具进行初步成型，输出从上至下依次设置的TPU层、石塑基材层、TPU层的片材；
步骤D：定厚，将步骤C模具中输出的片材从上下设置的两根定厚辊之间穿过；
步骤E：表面压花和底纹压花，将定厚之后的片材从上下设置的压花辊和底纹辊之间穿过；
步骤F：冷却，对压花之后的片材在25℃室温下实现空气冷却；
步骤G：裁切，对冷却完之后的片材进行指定尺寸的裁切；
步骤H：分片开槽，对裁切之后的片材边缘进行开槽。
通过采用上述技术方案，依靠两台挤出机和三层共挤分配器以及一个模具能够共挤出从上至下依次设置的TPU层、石塑基材层和TPU层，将石塑基材层的原料和TPU层的原料分别放入一台挤出机内，两台挤出机以相同的挤出速度将熔融的原料输送至三层共挤分配器内，由三层共挤分配器将TPU原料均匀地分成两份且分别置于石塑基材层的上下位置，再经过模具的初步成型后，可实现三层材料的结合，该工艺方法简单，无需进行多层之间的粘接，也无需后期进行热压成型，并且该种成型的方式，各层之间的连接强度更高。而利用压花辊能够使最上层的TPU层呈现所需的花纹图案，提升其装饰效果。
本发明进一步设置为：所述步骤C中的三层共挤分配器的温度保持在180℃-200℃。
通过采用上述技术方案，使熔融的原料具有更好的流动性，从而在挤出时可以更好的实现各层之间的连接，使每一层之间在熔融状态下达到更好的结合，有效避免在挤出过程中产生原料的断开。
本发明进一步设置为：所述步骤D中的定厚辊以及步骤E中的压花辊和底纹辊均通有180℃-200℃的导热油。
通过采用上述技术方案，在压花过程中保持压花辊和底纹辊的温度，能够使图案成型质量更好，避免因温度过低而使TPU层固化而影响图案的成型。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
其一：利用石塑基材层上下分别设置的TPU层，能够提升表面的抗老化性能，且延长其使用寿命，提升表层的弹性效果，并可适用于户外；
其二：利用压花之后的TPU层能够代替现有石塑地板中的耐磨层和彩膜层，进而能够降低生产成本；
其三：利用三层共挤分配器，实现TPU原料和石塑基材层原料的共挤，并达到三层的结构，生产工艺简单，并无需其它粘接或热压的方式对其进行成型。
附图说明
图1是本实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记：1、TPU层；2、石塑基材层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一：
一种户外塑胶地板，参照图1所示，包括从上至下依次设置的TPU层1、石塑基材层2和TPU层，两层TPU层的材料配方相同，三层材料在熔融状态下通过三层共挤分配器实现共挤成型，并通过模具实现片材的初步成型。从上至下三层的厚度比例为1:2：1，则每一层TPU层的厚度与石塑基材层的厚度比例为1:2。
TPU层由以下重量份的原料组成：TPU80份；钙锌稳定剂2份；PE蜡1份；硬脂酸1份；石粉40份；CPE2份。
石塑基材层由以下重量份的原料组成：聚氯乙烯50份，石粉150份，钙锌稳定剂6份，硬脂酸0.35份，PVC改性剂5份，炭黑0.2份，聚乙烯蜡0.6份，其中PVC改性剂是以甲基丙烯酸甲啼为主体的丙烯酸树脂。
实施例二：
一种户外塑胶地板，与实施例一的不同之处在于，TPU层由以下重量份的原料组成：TPU120份；钙锌稳定剂4份；PE蜡1.5份；硬脂酸1.5份；石粉80份；CPE4份；PVC20份。
对比例一：
一种户外塑胶地板，与实施例一的不同之处在于，包括从上至下依次设置的耐磨层、彩膜层、石塑基材层，耐磨层和彩膜层均主要由PVC制成，在生产过程中先将上述三层材料依次叠加，再由热压机进行热压复合。
试验一：耐刮性测试
试验方法：将实施例一和二作为试验样，选择对比例1做为对比样，将试验样和对比样均利用东莞市润之电子有限公司生产的RZ-700耐刮测试仪进行耐刮测试，分别将试验样和对比样放置于耐刮测试仪的针头下进行耐刮测试，并在针头上逐渐添加砝码，直至表面被划破，记录砝码的全部中重量值至表1中。
表1
平均耐刮值(砝码重量g)
试验样 3258
对比样 2521
试验二：光照老化试验
根据GB/T 14522-2008标准，将实施例一和二作为试验样，将对比例一作为对比样，利用UVA-340荧光紫外灯对试验样和对比样以波长通带处于290nm至320nm之间的光线进行辐照12小时，再将试验样和对比样均利用万能材料试验机进行静曲强度测试，使用万能材料试验机，在特定夹具下，特定时间内在最大载荷作用时的弯矩和抗弯截面模量之比以计算出静曲强度，并将该值记录至表2中。
表2
静曲强度(MPa)
试验样 42
对比样 17
实施例三：
一种户外塑胶地板的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤A：配料，将石塑基材层的原料聚氯乙烯、石粉、钙锌稳定剂、硬脂酸、PVC改性剂、炭黑以及聚乙烯蜡进行称重并混合；将TPU层的原料TPU、钙锌稳定剂、PE蜡、硬脂酸、石粉、CPE进行称重并混合；
步骤B：上料，将石塑基材层的原料和TPU层的原料以1:1的比例进行称重，并将上述两种原料分别放入一台挤出机内；
步骤C：三层共挤，两台挤出机分别将熔融的原料以相同的速度挤入至三层共挤分配器内实现共挤，将三层共挤分配器的温度保持在180℃-200℃，并通过模具进行初步成型，输出从上至下依次设置的TPU层、石塑基材层、TPU层的片材；
步骤D：定厚，将步骤C模具中输出的片材从上下设置的两根定厚辊之间穿过，定厚辊内通有180℃-200℃的导热油；
步骤E：表面压花和底纹压花，将定厚之后的片材从上下设置的压花辊和底纹辊之间穿过，压花辊和底纹辊内均通有180℃-200℃的导热油；
步骤F：冷却，对压花之后的片材在25℃室温下实现空气冷却；
步骤G：裁切，对冷却完之后的片材进行指定尺寸的裁切；
步骤H：分片开槽，对裁切之后的片材边缘进行开槽。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (8)

1.一种户外塑胶地板，其特征是：包括石塑基材层（2）和分别置于石塑基材层（2）上下表面的TPU层（1），所述TPU层（1）由以下重量份的原料组成：TPU80-120份；钙锌稳定剂2-4份；PE蜡1-1.5份；硬脂酸1-1.5份；石粉40-80份；CPE2-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的户外塑胶地板，其特征是：所述石塑基材层（2）由以下重量份的原料组成：聚氯乙烯50份，石粉150份，钙锌稳定剂6份，硬脂酸0.35份，PVC改性剂5份，炭黑0.2份，聚乙烯蜡0.6份，所述PVC改性剂为以甲基丙烯酸甲啼为主体的丙烯酸树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的户外塑胶地板，其特征是：所述石塑基材层（2）与任意一层TPU层（1）的厚度之比为2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的户外塑胶地板，其特征是：最上层所述TPU层（1）表面压印有压花，最下层所述TPU层（1）底面压印有底纹。
5.根据权利要求1所述的户外塑胶地板，其特征是：所述TPU层（1）还包括PVC0-20份。
6.一种户外塑胶地板的生产工艺，其特征是：包括如下步骤：
步骤A：配料，将石塑基材层（2）的原料聚氯乙烯、石粉、钙锌稳定剂、硬脂酸、PVC改性剂、炭黑以及聚乙烯蜡进行称重并混合，将TPU层（1）的原料TPU、钙锌稳定剂、PE蜡、硬脂酸、石粉、CPE进行称重并混合；
步骤B：上料，将石塑基材层（2）的原料和TPU层（1）的原料以1:1的比例进行称重，并将上述两种原料分别放入一台挤出机内；
步骤C：三层共挤，两台挤出机分别将熔融的原料以相同的速度挤入至三层共挤分配器内实现共挤，并通过模具进行初步成型，输出从上至下依次设置的TPU层（1）、石塑基材层（2）、TPU层（1）的片材；
步骤D：定厚，将步骤C模具中输出的片材从上下设置的两根定厚辊之间穿过；
步骤E：表面压花和底纹压花，将定厚之后的片材从上下设置的压花辊和底纹辊之间穿过；
步骤F：冷却，对压花之后的片材在25℃室温下实现空气冷却；
步骤G：裁切，对冷却完之后的片材进行指定尺寸的裁切；
步骤H：分片开槽，对裁切之后的片材边缘进行开槽。
7.根据权利要求6所述的户外塑胶地板的生产工艺，其特征是：所述步骤C中的三层共挤分配器的温度保持在180℃-200℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的户外塑胶地板的生产工艺，其特征是：所述步骤D中的定厚辊以及步骤E中的压花辊和底纹辊均通有180℃-200℃的导热油。
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