CN110124096B - 一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶及其制备方法和应用,属于医用生物材料领域。制备该复合凝胶的原料,以质量百分比计,包括溶菌酶6%,透明质酸2%,余量为水。制备方法包括:1)分别将溶菌酶和透明质酸溶于水中,制得质量浓度为6%的溶菌酶水溶液和质量浓度为2%的透明质酸水溶液;2)将溶菌酶水溶液和透明质酸水溶液按1:1的体积充分混合均匀,得到混合溶液;3)将混合溶液静置,得到絮状沉淀,继续静置直至后转变为凝胶,即得到溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶。该复合凝胶具有良好的力学性能、自愈合性能及抗菌性能,且无细胞毒性;该复合凝胶的制备方法操作简单,反应条件温和,材料来源广泛,因而能够作为促进皮肤伤口愈合的敷料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用生物材料领域,涉及一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
皮肤作为人体第一道免疫防线,起到保护人体组织器官免受外界机械性和化学性刺激和病毒、细菌入侵的作用。皮肤受伤后,伤口愈合是涉及活体组织修复损伤,恢复其解剖完整性以及受伤部位功能的一种生理过程。皮肤创伤修复过程分为四个阶段:止血期、炎症反应期、肉芽组织增生期、再上皮化和组织重塑期。敷料作为创面覆盖物,可以起到暂时保护伤口,一定程度上防止感染,为创面愈合提供有益的微环境,促进伤口愈合的作用。
传统的敷料如纱布、棉垫等虽然有良好的吸水性,制作简单、价格便宜并且被广泛使用,但是在愈合过程中,创伤表面形成的肉芽组织容易与敷料粘连在一起,导致换药的时候对伤口产生二次创伤。目前最理想的创伤敷料就是移植皮肤,但是皮肤来源受限、保存条件高、易感染病原微生物、价格昂贵制约了其发展。由透明聚氨酯薄膜组成的薄膜敷料透气性好,不会渗透液体和微生物,但是其吸水性较差,只适用于干燥的浅表伤口而不适用于渗出液较多的伤口。
近些年来,水凝胶敷料已引起广泛关注,它的优点是含水量高,可保持创面处在湿润环境,便于肉芽的生长,保湿性、韧性和强度较好,能紧密贴敷在不规则的创伤伤口表面,减少细菌的入侵,能大量吸收渗出液,缩短更换敷料的次数,减轻患者的疼痛。
目前,为了制备出具有良好力学性能的水凝胶口敷料,使用最广泛的方法是在制备的过程中引入小分子的交联剂(如甲醛、戊二醛等醛类交联剂)。但是需要注意的是,残余的交联剂会产生较严重的细胞毒性,从而严重影响伤口的愈合。因此,开发一种基于非化学交联的水凝胶敷料尤为重要。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶及其制备方法和应用,该复合凝胶具有良好的力学性能、自愈合性能及抗菌性能,且无细胞毒性;该复合凝胶的制备方法操作简单,反应条件温和,材料来源广泛,因而能够作为促进皮肤伤口愈合的敷料。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明公开了一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶,制备该复合凝胶的原料,以质量百分比计,包括溶菌酶6%,透明质酸2%,余量为水。
优选地,所述溶菌酶为鸡蛋清溶菌酶,分子量为14000。
优选地,所述透明质酸的分子量为1 000 000~1 800 000。
本发明还公开了一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)分别将溶菌酶和透明质酸溶于水中,制得质量浓度为6%的溶菌酶水溶液和质量浓度为2%的透明质酸水溶液;
2)将溶菌酶水溶液和透明质酸水溶液按1:1的体积充分混合均匀,得到混合溶液;
3)将混合溶液静置,得到絮状沉淀,继续静置直至转变为凝胶,即得到溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶。
优选地,所述溶菌酶为鸡蛋清溶菌酶,分子量为14000。
优选地,所述透明质酸的分子量为1 000 000~1 800 000。
本发明还公开了上述的溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶在制备促进皮肤伤口愈合的敷料中的应用。
优选地,所述敷料为促进皮肤伤口修复的敷料。
优选地,所述敷料的形状能够根据不同的皮肤伤口进行调整。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明公开的溶菌酶/透明质酸静电复合凝胶具有良好的力学性能,粘附性强,可以防止从伤口处脱落;有可自愈功能,在凝胶敷料因外力导致断裂时可以自行愈合;有一定的抗菌性,溶菌酶的存在赋予该凝胶敷料一定的抗菌性;无细胞毒性,静电复合避免了毒性交联剂的使用,通过实验验证其效果良好。
本发明公开的上述复合水凝胶的制备方法,采用物理共混法,利用高分子之间的氢键、静电作用或范德华力等物理相互作用来实现,操作简单,反应条件温和,成本低廉,可以有效避免交联剂及其他溶剂引入所造成的的细胞毒性等问题。
本发明公开的复合凝胶能够应用于促进伤口愈合的敷料制备领域,可以根据不同皮肤伤口的需要制备任意形状的凝胶敷料,从而达到促进伤口愈合的目的。
附图说明
图1为凝胶化前形态照片;
图2为凝胶化后形态照片;
图3为凝胶在电镜下的微观结构;
图4为粘附性测试
图5自愈合性能测试
图6凝胶用于小鼠皮肤损伤模型上形态图;
图7为皮肤伤口愈合图片;
图8为皮肤伤口组织病理切片HE染色图;
图9为皮肤伤口组织病理切片Masson染色图;
图10为治疗动物的各器官毒性组织病理染色图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述:
实施例1
将鸡蛋清溶菌酶溶于去离子水配制成6%的溶菌酶水溶液,将透明质酸溶于去离子水制成2%的透明质酸水溶液,将上述两种溶液按照1:1的体积混合均匀,置于西林瓶中,得到的混合溶液形态照片如图1所示,可以看出,该混合溶液在室温下具有流动性。
将混合溶液静置后,在室温下,将西林管反转观察其流动性,发现流动变缓慢,数分钟内即可形成凝胶,即为溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶,其形态照片如图2所示。
本发明所用的鸡蛋清溶菌酶和透明质酸购买自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
1、复合凝胶形貌特征实验
将上述实施例1制得的溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶样品置于真空冷冻干燥机中进行冷冻干燥,取出干燥后的复合凝胶样品,在液氮中将样品切开。且将凝胶断面用导电胶固定,进行喷金,之后通过扫描电子显微镜来观察样品截面的微观形貌。如图3所示,从图3中可以观察到该复合凝胶具有密集的三维网状孔隙结构,外观呈蜂窝状。说明该结构有利于氧分子、水分子、代谢产物和营养物质的传输和扩散。这就使得该复合凝胶材料作为促进伤口愈合敷料具有良好的通透性和渗透性。形成该复合凝胶结构的机制可能是透明质酸分子结构中含有大量羧基,溶菌酶分子结构中氨基含量较多,显正电荷。羧基的负电与氨基的正电发生静电复合,两种大分子结构相互紧密缠绕。
2、复合凝胶粘附性实验
采用猪皮评价复合凝胶的粘附性能。如图4所示,制备圆形的复合凝胶,取2*4cm大小的新鲜猪皮,将复合凝胶粘附在猪皮表面,对猪皮施加折叠、扭转、拉伸等作用力时,复合凝胶可以不受外力影响稳定粘附在猪皮表面,该特性可以使其很好的粘附在皮肤伤口表面而不脱落。将猪皮剪成两半,中间以复合凝胶连接,复合凝胶可以使两块猪皮黏合,用镊子夹起时能够承受自身的重力而不断裂。
3、自愈合实验
用花朵形状的模具制备的复合凝胶,从中间切断,如图5中(a)所示,25℃下重新放入模具中,数秒内即可愈合,见图5中(b)。然后采用流变学的方法对HL凝聚物进行破裂-恢复行为的测试,结果如图5中(c)所示。当凝聚物受到大应力时(6500Pa),G’和G”迅速下降,表示凝聚物网络结构崩溃,但是当应力恢复到10Pa时,G’值和G”值迅速恢复到初始水平。该凝聚物的破裂恢复行为可以交替重复至少10次,显示出HL凝聚物高效快速的自愈合功能。
4、复合凝胶促进皮肤伤口愈合实验
1)选择昆明小鼠为实验动物,背部脱毛,用手术剪剪出直径为1.5cm的圆形切口,为小鼠皮肤损伤模型。将制备好的复合凝胶在模具成做成一定形状,贴在背部圆形伤口处,可以观察到凝胶敷料稳定附着在皮肤伤口处,如图6所示。本发明的复合凝胶组记作HL凝胶处理组,同时以商品3M膜敷料作为对照。
2)每天观察小鼠背部伤口恢复情况,在3、5、7、10天时测量伤口直径,并拍照记录,得到如图7所示,可以明显观察到每天的伤口愈合对比情况,HL凝胶处理组在第十天时伤口已基本愈合,而空白对照组和3M膜处理组还未痊愈。可以证明该溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶确有促进伤口愈合的作用。
3)分别于第3、5、7、10天对未处理皮肤、3M膜处理皮肤和HL凝胶处理的小鼠的伤口组织进行病理切片HE染色,显微镜下观察得图8。从图8中可以看出,创伤修复3天后,HL凝胶处理组已经出现了表皮层的修复,而对照组和3M组未形成表皮层。创伤修复7天后,对照组和3M组表皮开始形成,但很薄,且存在炎性细胞浸润,而HL凝胶处理组已有大量毛囊形成。10天后HL凝胶处理组新生皮肤组织与正常皮肤大体一致。表明相对于3M膜和空白对照处理,HL凝胶具有良好的促进皮肤创伤修复作用。
4)分别于第3、5、7、10天对未处理皮肤、3M膜处理皮肤和HL凝胶处理的小鼠的伤口组织进行病理切片Masson染色,显微镜下观察得图9。从图9中可以看出,HL凝胶处理组真皮中的胶原在3天后开始增殖,5天后大量增殖,明显多于对照组和3M膜组,对照组真皮中的胶原在5天时开始增殖。7天后,HL凝胶处理组的表皮明显增厚,毛囊增多,而对照组和3M组毛囊很少,且存在炎性细胞浸润。表明相对于3M膜和空白对照处理,HL凝胶具有良好的促进皮肤创伤修复作用。
5)HL凝胶处理组在10天后实施安乐死,取心、肝、脾、肺,肾做组织病理学检查,HE染色和Masson染色,结果如图10所示,染色结果显示各器官组织与正常组织大体相同,表面HL凝胶对小鼠无器官毒性,适合用作促进皮肤伤口修复的敷料。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶,其特征在于,制备该复合凝胶的原料,以质量百分比计,包括溶菌酶6%,透明质酸2%,余量为水;所述透明质酸的分子量为1 000 000~1800 000;
该溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)分别将溶菌酶和透明质酸溶于水中,制得质量浓度为6%的溶菌酶水溶液和质量浓度为2%的透明质酸水溶液;
2)将溶菌酶水溶液和透明质酸水溶液按1:1的体积充分混合均匀,得到混合溶液;
3)将混合溶液静置,得到絮状沉淀,继续静置直至转变为凝胶,即得到溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶,其特征在于,所述溶菌酶为鸡蛋清溶菌酶,分子量为14000。
3.一种溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)分别将溶菌酶和透明质酸溶于水中,制得质量浓度为6%的溶菌酶水溶液和质量浓度为2%的透明质酸水溶液;
2)将溶菌酶水溶液和透明质酸水溶液按1:1的体积充分混合均匀,得到混合溶液;
3)将混合溶液静置,得到絮状沉淀,继续静置直至转变为凝胶,即得到溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶菌酶为鸡蛋清溶菌酶,分子量为14000。
5.根据权利要求3所述的溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述透明质酸的分子量为1 000 000~1 800 000。
6.权利要求1~2中任意一项所述的溶菌酶/透明质酸复合凝胶在制备促进皮肤伤口愈合的敷料中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述敷料为促进皮肤伤口修复的敷料。
8.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述敷料的形状能够根据不同的皮肤伤口进行调整。
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