CN110120537A - A kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization - Google Patents
A kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization Download PDFInfo
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- CN110120537A CN110120537A CN201910386879.0A CN201910386879A CN110120537A CN 110120537 A CN110120537 A CN 110120537A CN 201910386879 A CN201910386879 A CN 201910386879A CN 110120537 A CN110120537 A CN 110120537A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization that the invention discloses a kind of, including fuel cell tandem unit, fuel cell hydration status balanced unit, fuel cell subsidiary engine unit, DC converting unit and main control unit, fuel cell tandem unit is connected with fuel cell hydration status balanced unit and fuel cell subsidiary engine unit respectively, fuel cell hydration status balanced unit is connected with DC converting unit, main control unit is connected with fuel cell subsidiary engine unit and DC converting unit respectively, fuel cell hydration status balanced unit is also connected with fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization from control unit.The system realizes the adjusting to its membrane water content by the output voltage of self adaptive control fuel cell module, it can effectively avoid high power fuel cell running from occurring film in the process to do and water logging phenomenon, influence of the phenomena such as dry film and water logging can be effectively improved to proton exchange membrane performance degradation and durability, improves battery efficiency and service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell system fields, and in particular to a kind of fuel electricity based on hydration status adaptive equalization
Pond tandem electricity generation system.
Background technique
Hydrogen Energy is as a kind of novel renewable energy form, and research application receives increasing attention, as main application
One of high-power integrated fuel cell power generation have broad application prospects.In recent years, with fuel cell manufacturing process with
And the progress of system integration technology, the power density of fuel cell system are continuously improved, service life constantly extends, so that big function
Rate integrated fuel cell systematic difference scene constantly extends.Currently, high-power integrated fuel cell system is in distributed power generation
And development at full speed is achieved in the application of field of traffic.
The working principle of existing high-power integrated fuel cell electricity generation system is, electric from load driving control unit to fuel
Cell system control unit issues the electric current request for corresponding to demand power, according to the request electric current, is controlled by fuel cell system
Air quality flow, coolant liquid mass flow and running temperature needed for fuel cell system operates normally is calculated in unit
Instruction, so by fuel cell subsidiary engine control unit based on above-metioned instruction signal to air compressor machine, coolant circulation pump and radiation air
The subsidiary engines equipment such as machine is controlled to adjust；Meanwhile electricity is sent from fuel cell system control unit to load driving control unit
Setting signal is flowed, it is defeated that load driving control unit control system load draws the corresponding fuel cell system of specified current flow set point
Power out, to realize the closed-loop stabilization control of high-power integrated fuel cell system.
However, being needed based on real-time control, the closed loop control process institute of above-mentioned high-power integrated fuel cell electricity generation system
It need to instruct and be typically based on simple test experiment data interpolating and generate, also, wherein and consideration fuel cell power generation system not yet in effect
The performance difference of multiple fuel cell modules in system fuel cell tandem unit.Due to fuel cell module manufacture craft and its life
It is complex to produce control process, inevitably leads to the performance difference between fuel cell module.High-power integrated fuel electricity
Pond electricity generation system is with environment there are close energetic interaction, includes air-liquid, hot multipotency stream process, non-linear, close coupling
Complicated electromechanical dynamic system, if the fuel cell module different for performance parameter apply identical control process parameter,
The loss of integrated fuel cell system effectiveness certainly will be will lead to, thus cause the film of proton exchange membrane in different fuel battery module dry
And water logging, it will while significantly affecting the service life of fuel cell system.Therefore, high-power integrated fuel cell system operation
Process control is significant on being influenced based on fuel cell system efficiency；The optimal efficiency tracing property of fuel cell system process control
Can, promotion active to fuel battery inside electrochemical reaction and the extension of service life cycle are most important.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that existing fuel cell system is inefficient, fuel battery service life is influenced, the present invention provides one
Fuel cell tandem electricity generation system of the kind based on hydration status adaptive equalization, to improve each fuel in fuel cell tandem unit
The consistency of battery module hydration status, avoiding high power fuel cell system from occurring, film is dry and the generation of water logging, described in raising
While high-power integrated fuel cell system energy efficiency, facilitates the high-power integrated fuel cell tandem electricity generation system and be on active service
Life-time dilatation.
The following technical solution is employed by the present invention:
A kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization, including fuel cell tandem list
Member, fuel cell hydration status balanced unit, fuel cell subsidiary engine unit, DC converting unit and main control unit, fuel cell
Tandem unit is connected with fuel cell hydration status balanced unit and fuel cell subsidiary engine unit respectively, fuel cell hydration status
Balanced unit is connected with DC converting unit, the main control unit respectively with fuel cell subsidiary engine unit and DC converting unit phase
Even, the fuel cell hydration status balanced unit is also connected with fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization from control unit；
The fuel cell tandem unit includes at least one fuel cell module, when fuel cell tandem unit includes more
When a fuel cell module, multiple fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other.
Preferably, the fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization includes that fuel cell hydration status monitors from control unit
Estimate that subelement and fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement, fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation is single
Member is monitored estimation to the hydration status of fuel cell tandem unit；
The fuel cell hydration status balanced unit is made of multistage chopper circuit, and fuel cell hydration status is adaptive
Balance route subelement completes the equal of the hydration status of fuel cell tandem unit by the duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit of adjusting
Weighing apparatus.
Preferably, the fuel cell subsidiary engine unit includes air supply subelement, hydrogen supply subelement, coolant liquid confession
To subelement and cooling fan subelement；
Air supplies subelement and provides the air of required mass flow for fuel cell tandem unit；
Hydrogen supplies subelement and provides the hydrogen of required operating pressure for fuel cell tandem unit；
Coolant liquid supplies subelement and provides the coolant liquid of required mass flow for fuel cell tandem unit；
Cooling fan subelement provides required running temperature for fuel cell tandem unit；
Main control unit includes fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement and DC converting control subelement, fuel cell subsidiary engine control
Subunit supplies subelement and radiation air loom list with air supply subelement, hydrogen supply subelement, coolant liquid respectively
Member is connected, and DC converting control subelement is connected with DC converting unit and fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement respectively, completes
To the output current control of fuel cell tandem unit.
Preferably, the duty cycle relationship of the multistage chopper circuit of the fuel cell hydration status balanced unit are as follows:
Wherein, V1,V2,…,VnThe output voltage of fuel cell module respectively in fuel cell tandem unit；D1,
D2,…,DnThe respectively shutdown duty factor of fuel cell hydration status balanced unit switching tube, and have:
D1+D2+...+Dn=1.
Preferably, fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation subelement to the output voltage of each fuel cell module and
Output electric current is monitored sampling, using the equivalent impedance modulus value under characteristic frequency as state index, corresponding k moment, feature frequency
Rate f0Under fuel cell module j equivalent impedance modulus value functional form are as follows:
Wherein, Wu,j(k, f) and Wi,j(k, f) is respectively k moment, characteristic frequency f0Under fuel cell module j voltage,
The wavelet coefficient of current sampling sequence.
Preferably, hydration of the fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement to each fuel cell module
State carries out well-balanced adjustment, corresponding extremum search strategy are as follows:
Wherein, α1And α2Respectively experience tuning coefficient, n are fuel cell module number in the fuel cell tandem unit；
DjIndicate the shutdown duty factor of j-th of switching tube of the fuel cell hydration status balanced unit, zjDescribed in expression
The equivalent impedance of j-th of fuel cell module, Δ z in fuel cell tandem unitjIt indicates in the fuel cell tandem unit
The equivalent impedance modulus value of+1 fuel cell module of adjacent j-th of fuel cell module and jth is poor.
The invention has the advantages that:
Film is dry and influence of the water logging problem to fuel cell system delivery efficiency and fuel cell service life to improve,
The fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization that the present invention provides a kind of.Compared to existing independent combustion
Expect battery generating system, the fuel cell tandem electricity generation system of the invention based on hydration status adaptive equalization, by adaptive
Adjusting of the output voltage realization of fuel cell module to its membrane water content should be controlled, high power fuel cell can be effectively avoided
Fuel cell tandem unit occurs that film is dry and water logging phenomenon during running, improves each in fuel cell tandem unit
The consistency of fuel cell module hydration status, to improve the delivery efficiency of fuel cell system；Meanwhile, it is capable to be effectively improved
Influence of phenomena such as film is dry and water logging to proton exchange membrane performance degradation and durability, facilitates high-power integrated fuel cell string
The extension of grade electricity generation system service life.Further, since fuel cell hydration status balanced unit only passes through different fuel battery
The differential power of intermodule, thus its power grade is smaller, and Integrated design can be realized with DC converting unit, and its power damages
Consumption can be ignored compared with the DC converting unit, have no effect on the fuel based on hydration status adaptive equalization
The overall operation efficiency of battery tandem electricity generation system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the fuel cell tandem electricity generation system schematic diagram of the invention based on hydration status adaptive equalization.
Fig. 2 is that the fuel cell of the fuel cell tandem electricity generation system of the invention based on hydration status adaptive equalization is auxiliary
Loom unit and DC converting subelement coordination control strategy schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
A kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, including combustion
Expect battery tandem unit 12, fuel cell hydration status balanced unit 14, fuel cell subsidiary engine unit 16, DC converting unit 18
With main control unit 20.
Fuel cell tandem unit 12 respectively with fuel cell hydration status balanced unit 14 and fuel cell subsidiary engine unit
16 are connected, and fuel cell hydration status balanced unit 14 is connected with DC converting unit 18, and main control unit 20 is electric with fuel respectively
Pond subsidiary engine unit 16 is connected with DC converting unit 18, and fuel cell hydration status balanced unit 14 is also connected with fuel cell water
Conjunction state adaptive equalization from control unit 22.
Fuel cell tandem unit includes at least one fuel cell module 120, when fuel cell tandem unit includes more
When a fuel cell module, multiple fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other, and multiple fuel cell modules are serially connected to improve
Output voltage.Existing fuel cell, such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be selected in fuel cell module.
Fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization includes that fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation is single from control unit 22
Member 220 and fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement 222, fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation subelement
Estimation is monitored to the hydration status of fuel cell tandem unit.
Fuel cell hydration status balanced unit 14 is made of multistage chopper circuit, and fuel cell hydration status is adaptively equal
Weighing apparatus control subelement 22 completes each fuel cell in fuel cell tandem unit by the duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit of adjusting
The equilibrium of proton exchange membrane hydration status between module avoids each fuel electricity being serially connected in fuel cell tandem unit
Pond module occurs that film is dry and water logging, improves using fuel cell tandem unit as the fuel cell tandem electricity generation system of generator unit
Efficiency is exported, its service life is extended.
The duty cycle relationship of the multistage chopper circuit of fuel cell hydration status balanced unit are as follows:
Wherein, V1,V2,…,VnThe output voltage of fuel cell module respectively in fuel cell tandem unit；D1,
D2,…,DnRespectively fuel cell hydration status balanced unit switching tube Q1,Q2,…,QnShutdown duty factor, and have:
D1+D2+...+Dn=1.
Output voltage and output electric current of the fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation subelement 220 to each fuel cell module
It is monitored sampling, using the equivalent impedance modulus value under characteristic frequency as state index, corresponding k moment, characteristic frequency f0Under
The equivalent impedance modulus value functional form of fuel cell module j are as follows:
Wherein, Wu,j(k, f) and Wi,j(k, f) is respectively k moment, characteristic frequency f0Under fuel cell module j voltage,
The wavelet coefficient of current sampling sequence.
Fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization controls subelement 222 and carries out to the hydration status of each fuel cell module
Well-balanced adjustment, corresponding extremum search strategy are as follows:
Wherein, α1And α2Respectively experience tuning coefficient, n are fuel cell module number in the fuel cell tandem unit.
DjIndicate the shutdown duty factor of j-th of switching tube of the fuel cell hydration status balanced unit, zjDescribed in expression
The equivalent impedance of j-th of fuel cell module, Δ z in fuel cell tandem unitjIt indicates in the fuel cell tandem unit
The equivalent impedance modulus value of+1 fuel cell module of adjacent j-th of fuel cell module and jth is poor.
When the consistency of each fuel cell module of fuel cell tandem unit is preferable, each fuel cell module it is equivalent
Impedance magnitude is approximately equal, and what fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement 222 obtained corresponds to fuel cell
Each switching tube { Q of hydration status adaptive equalization unitjThe shutdown duty factor of (j=1,2 ..., n) is approximately 1/n.
When the consistency of each fuel cell module of fuel cell tandem unit is poor, each fuel cell module it is equivalent
Impedance magnitude is different, and what fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement obtained corresponds to fuel cell hydration status
Each switching tube { Q of adaptive equalization unitjThe shutdown duty factor of (j=1,2 ..., n) is { Dj(j=1,2 ..., n).
Fuel cell subsidiary engine unit 16 includes air supply subelement 160, hydrogen supply subelement 162, coolant liquid supply
Subelement 164 and cooling fan subelement 166.
Air supplies subelement 160 and provides the air MF of required mass flow for fuel cell tandem unitair,sp。
Hydrogen supplies subelement 162 and provides the hydrogen P of required operating pressure for fuel cell tandem unitH2,sp。
Coolant liquid supplies subelement 164 and provides the coolant liquid of required mass flow for fuel cell tandem unit
MFcoolant,sp。
Cooling fan subelement 166 provides required running temperature T for fuel cell tandem unitstack,sp。
Fuel cell subsidiary engine unit ensures the normal power output of each fuel cell module in fuel cell tandem unit.
DC converting unit 18 is made of a booster converter, to realize that fuel cell tandem unit is hydrated through fuel cell
Matching after state equalization unit between load voltage.On the one hand, fuel cell tandem unit belongs to low-voltage, high-current power generation
Device, and it is relatively high to correspond to load voltage grade, thus boost converter is needed to realize voltage matches；On the other hand, it rises
The intrinsic input afterflow ability of buckling parallel operation facilitates the output current ripple for reducing fuel cell tandem unit, meanwhile, straight
Rheology is changed under the participation of control subelement, and the output electric current for being easy to implement fuel cell tandem unit accurately controls, with effectively folded
Add two-value Pseudo-random Current signal sequence.
Main control unit 20 includes fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement 200 and DC converting controls subelement 202, fuel electricity
Pond subsidiary engine controls subelement 200 and supplies subelement with air supply subelement, hydrogen supply subelement, coolant liquid respectively and dissipate
Air-heater subelement is connected.Fuel cell subsidiary engine controls subelement and provides required sky for fuel cell subsidiary engine unit normal operation
Makings amount flow instruction, the instruction of coolant liquid mass flow and running temperature instruction.
DC converting control subelement 202 is connected with DC converting unit and fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement respectively,
Complete the output current control to fuel cell tandem unit.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, fuel cell subsidiary engine controls subelement 200 according to load current demand ireq, it is calculated
Air quality flow set point MF needed for air supplies subelementair,sp, it is calculated cold needed for coolant liquid supply subelement
But liquid mass flow set point MFcoolant,sp, stack temperature set point T needed for cooling fan subelement is calculatedstack,sp。
In addition, air supplies the actual air mass of subelement in fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement fuel cell subsidiary engine unit
Flow MFair,realOutput current setpoint i needed for DC converting control subelement is calculatedsp.On this basis, fuel
Battery subsidiary engine controls subelement and supplies subelement according to the hydrogen that fuel cell subsidiary engine unit is calculated in Air inlet pressure
Hydrogen Vapor Pressure set point PH2,sp.Hereby it is achieved that closing between fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement and fuel cell subsidiary engine unit
Ring control.
DC converting controls subelement, the output current setpoint that fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement is calculated
isp, in conjunction with the input current i of DC converting units, Q needed for generating the switching tube for corresponding to DC converting unitsPulsewidth tune
Signal processed realizes the output current control to fuel cell tandem unit.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization, which is characterized in that including fuel electricity
Pond tandem unit, fuel cell hydration status balanced unit, fuel cell subsidiary engine unit, DC converting unit and main control unit,
Fuel cell tandem unit is connected with fuel cell hydration status balanced unit and fuel cell subsidiary engine unit respectively, fuel cell
Hydration status balanced unit is connected with DC converting unit, and the main control unit becomes with fuel cell subsidiary engine unit and direct current respectively
It changes unit to be connected, the fuel cell hydration status balanced unit is also connected with fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization from control
Unit；
The fuel cell tandem unit includes at least one fuel cell module, when fuel cell tandem unit includes multiple combustions
When expecting battery module, multiple fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other.
2. a kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization includes that the monitoring estimation of fuel cell hydration status is sub from control unit
Unit and fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement, and fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation subelement is to combustion
The hydration status of material battery tandem unit is monitored estimation；
The fuel cell hydration status balanced unit is made of multistage chopper circuit, fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization
Subelement is controlled by the duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit of adjusting, completes the equilibrium of the hydration status of fuel cell tandem unit.
3. a kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the fuel cell subsidiary engine unit includes air supply subelement, hydrogen supply subelement, coolant liquid supply son list
Member and cooling fan subelement；
Air supplies subelement and provides the air of required mass flow for fuel cell tandem unit；
Hydrogen supplies subelement and provides the hydrogen of required operating pressure for fuel cell tandem unit；
Coolant liquid supplies subelement and provides the coolant liquid of required mass flow for fuel cell tandem unit；
Cooling fan subelement provides required running temperature for fuel cell tandem unit；
Main control unit includes fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement and DC converting control subelement, fuel cell subsidiary engine control
Unit supplies subelement and cooling fan subelement phase with air supply subelement, hydrogen supply subelement, coolant liquid respectively
Even, DC converting control subelement is connected with DC converting unit and fuel cell subsidiary engine control subelement respectively, completes to combustion
Expect the output current control of battery tandem unit.
4. a kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, the duty cycle relationship of the multistage chopper circuit of the fuel cell hydration status balanced unit are as follows:
Wherein, V1,V2,…,VnThe output voltage of fuel cell module respectively in fuel cell tandem unit；D1,D2,…,
DnThe respectively shutdown duty factor of fuel cell hydration status balanced unit switching tube, and have:
D1+D2+...+Dn=1.
5. a kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, output voltage and output electricity of the fuel cell hydration status monitoring estimation subelement to each fuel cell module
Stream is monitored sampling, using the equivalent impedance modulus value under characteristic frequency as state index, corresponding k moment, characteristic frequency f0Under
Fuel cell module j equivalent impedance modulus value functional form are as follows:
Wherein, Wu,j(k, f) and Wi,j(k, f) is respectively k moment, characteristic frequency f0Under fuel cell module j voltage, electric current
The wavelet coefficient of sample sequence.
6. a kind of fuel cell tandem electricity generation system based on hydration status adaptive equalization according to claim 2,
Be characterized in that, fuel cell hydration status adaptive equalization control subelement to the hydration status of each fuel cell module into
Row well-balanced adjustment, corresponding extremum search strategy are as follows:
Wherein, α1And α2Respectively experience tuning coefficient, n are fuel cell module number in the fuel cell tandem unit；DjTable
Show the shutdown duty factor of fuel cell hydration status j-th of switching tube of balanced unit, zjIndicate the fuel cell tandem list
The equivalent impedance of j-th of fuel cell module in member, Δ zjIndicate adjacent j-th of fuel electricity in the fuel cell tandem unit
The equivalent impedance modulus value of+1 fuel cell module of pond module and jth is poor.
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| CN114824378A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
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