CN112290056A - Control method of cathode air supply system of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents
Control method of cathode air supply system of hydrogen fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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Abstract
The invention provides a control method of a cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: calculating the oxygen demand flow under the current of the fuel cell stack needing to be loaded; calculating the air demand flow under the current of the fuel cell stack needing to be loaded according to the oxygen demand flow; calculating the air flow which is required to be supplied to the fuel cell stack by the air compressor according to the air demand flow, then obtaining the rotating speed of the air compressor according to the air flow, and setting the rotating speed to the air compressor; calculating the current of the fuel cell stack which can be loaded by the current air flow according to the air flow collected by the air flow meter, comparing the current of the fuel cell stack which can be loaded by the current air flow with the current of the fuel cell stack which needs to be loaded, selecting a smaller current value of the current and the current of the fuel cell stack which needs to be loaded, and setting the smaller current value to the DC/DC converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy automobiles, in particular to a control method of a cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The hydrogen energy is a clean, efficient, safe and renewable energy source, is a development direction for future energy utilization and development, does not relate to a combustion process of fuel in a reaction process, has high conversion efficiency, and has wide application prospects in the fields of electric power, communication, aerospace, traffic and the like. The principle of the fuel cell is that the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen in the process is converted into electric energy which can provide power for the automobile by using the oxidation-reduction reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen. In the reaction process of the hydrogen and the oxygen, the product is water, and the method is green and environment-friendly. The whole process does not cause harm to the environment like a lead-acid battery. In terms of energy conversion efficiency, the fuel cell is 2-3 times higher than the traditional internal combustion engine, and the power generation efficiency is as high as 82.9%. China has a great gap with developed countries of the automobile industry compared with developed countries starting late in the direction of new energy automobiles, but the overall level of China is equivalent to that of developed countries in the field of fuel cell automobiles. In recent years, the development progress of Chinese fuel cell automobiles is accelerated, and the development progress is also in popular cooperation with all countries around the world. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the fuel cell has the advantages of high efficiency, large specific power, light weight, small corrosiveness and CO receiving2The influence is small, the source is wide, and the like, and the electric vehicle is most hopeful to be a power source of the electric vehicle.
The fuel cell power generation system includes a fuel cell stack, a cathode air supply system, an anode hydrogen system, a cooling system, and various sensors. The stability of the cathode air supply system of the fuel cell system plays a crucial role in the stable operation of the fuel cell system. The fuel cell cathode air supply system has a certain hysteresis when supplying stack air, and the required flow rate of the fuel cell cathode air supply system needs to be continuously changed along with the power of a load. When the load changes suddenly, the fuel cell reaction consumes more oxygen, and if the air supply is insufficient, "oxygen starvation" occurs, that is, the phenomenon of insufficient air supply to the cathode of the stack results in the adverse effects of the decline of the output voltage of the cell, the flooding of the stack, the damage to the service life of the fuel cell, and the like. When the air flow is much higher than the required amount, the compressor power consumption (parasitic power consumption) is excessive without a significant increase in the stack output power, so that the efficiency of the operation of the entire fuel cell system is reduced. The influence of temperature on the stack is also very obvious, the humidity is influenced by the saturated water vapor pressure of air, a high oxygen ratio needs to be maintained when the temperature is too low, and a certain oxygen ratio needs to be maintained when the temperature is high. Therefore, the air flow is controlled quickly and accurately, and the system oxygen ratio is always kept in an ideal range, so that the operation of the fuel cell automobile meets the important guarantee of complex working conditions and load change at any moment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for controlling a cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which can take into account the oxygen ratio and temperature of the fuel cell, and which solves the problem of excessive influence of weather temperature changes on the cathode air system of the fuel cell, and at the same time ensures that the fuel cell system can stably output power under the control method, and by maintaining the oxygen ratio in an ideal range, the "starvation" phenomenon caused by insufficient oxygen supply of the fuel cell is avoided, and the energy consumption of the air system is reduced, so that the efficiency and the service life of the fuel cell are improved, and the operation process of the system is more reasonable.
The invention provides a control method of a cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the current I of the fuel cell stack needing to be loaded currentlystThe required flow rate of oxygen;
s2, calculating the current fuel cell stack current I needing to be loaded according to the oxygen demand flow obtained in the step S1stThe lower air demand flow;
s3, calculating the air flow rate of the air compressor to supply to the fuel cell stack according to the air demand flow rate obtained in the step S2, then obtaining the rotating speed of the air compressor according to the air flow rate and the air compressor characteristic data, and setting the rotating speed to the air compressor;
s4, calculating the current I of the fuel cell stack which can be loaded by the current air flow according to the air flow collected by the air flow meterst_setComparing the current air flow rate to be loadedst_setCurrent I of fuel cell stack required to be loaded currentlystAnd (3) selecting a smaller current value of the two, and setting the smaller current value to the DC/DC converter.
Further, the current fuel cell stack current I that needs to be loadedstThe following formula for calculating the oxygen demand flow is:
in the formula, MO2Is the molar mass of oxygen, n is the fuel cell stack number, IstF is the Faraday constant, W, for the current fuel cell stack current that needs to be loadedO2，recThe required flow of oxygen at the current of the fuel cell stack that needs to be loaded at present.
Further, the current fuel cell stack current I that needs to be loadedstThe following formula for calculating the required air flow is:
in the formula, MairIs the molar mass of air, χO2The molar mass fraction of oxygen in air is 0.21, Wair,recThe air demand flow under the current of the fuel cell stack which needs to be loaded currently.
Further, the air flow rate that the air compressor should supply to the fuel cell stack is calculated by the formula:
Wair＝λairWair,rec
in the formula, λairThe stoichiometric ratio of air is obtained by examining the manufacturer manual of the fuel cell stack according to the temperature of cooling water of the fuel cell stack and the current, temperature and pressure of the current fuel cell stack, WairThe air compressor should supply the fuel cell stack with air flow.
Further, the calculation formula of the current fuel cell stack current to which the current air flow can be loaded is:
in the formula, Wair_mFor the air flow rate collected by the air flow meter, Ist_setThe fuel cell stack current that can be loaded for the current air flow.
The temperature influences the humidity of the fuel cell stack by influencing the saturated water vapor pressure of air, so that when the weather temperature and the like change, the original air compressor setting and flow rate requirement do not adapt to the fuel cell stack any more, when the temperature is too low, a high oxygen ratio needs to be kept, namely, the supply of air flow is increased, and when the temperature is high, the oxygen ratio needs to be reduced, namely, the supply of air flow is reduced; the control method of the cathode air supply system considers the influence of temperature weather change on the fuel cell, increases the over-oxygen ratio when the temperature is too low, namely increases the air flow supply, and reduces the over-oxygen ratio when the temperature is increased, namely reduces the air flow supply, thereby keeping the over-oxygen ratio in a reasonable range and improving the efficiency of the fuel cell.
The control method of the cathode air supply system provided by the invention limits the loading current by utilizing the real-time flow of the air compressor, and avoids the problem of service life attenuation caused by damage of a galvanic pile due to loading of large current when the air supply is insufficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing a control method of a cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a cathode air supply system in the method for controlling the cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling a cathode air supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell, including the following steps:
step S1, calculating the current fuel cell stack current I needing to be loadedstThe required flow rate of oxygen; wherein the current required to load the current I of the fuel cell stackstThe following formula for calculating the oxygen demand flow is:
in the formula, MO2Is the molar mass of oxygen, n is the fuel cell stack number, IstFor the current fuel cell stack current needing to be loaded, the current fuel cell stack current I needing to be loadedstThe value of (A) is a value set according to the requirement or a value obtained by calculation by using the required power of the whole automobile and the bus voltage of the automobile, F is a Faraday constant, and W isO2，recThe required flow of oxygen at the current of the fuel cell stack that needs to be loaded at present.
Step S2, calculating the current fuel cell stack current I needing to be loaded according to the oxygen demand flow obtained in the step S1stThe lower air demand flow; wherein the current required to load the current I of the fuel cell stackstThe following formula for calculating the required air flow is:
in the formula, MairIs the molar mass of air, χO2The molar mass fraction of oxygen in air is 0.21, Wair,recThe air demand flow under the current of the fuel cell stack which needs to be loaded currently.
Step S3, calculating the air flow rate of the air compressor to supply to the fuel cell stack according to the air demand flow rate obtained in step S2, then checking the Map of the air compressor Map or the corresponding relation Map of the air flow rate and the rotating speed of the air compressor according to the air flow rate and the air compressor characteristic data to obtain the rotating speed of the air compressor, and setting the rotating speed to the air compressor; the calculation formula of the air flow which is supplied to the fuel cell stack by the air compressor is as follows:
Wair＝λairWair,rec
in the formula, λairThe stoichiometric ratio of air is obtained by examining the manufacturer manual of the fuel cell stack according to the temperature of cooling water of the fuel cell stack and the current, temperature and pressure of the current fuel cell stack, WairThe air compressor should supply the fuel cell stack with air flow.
Step S4, calculating the current I of the fuel cell stack which can be loaded by the current air flow according to the air flow collected by the air flow meterst_setComparing the current air flow rate to be loadedst_setCurrent I of fuel cell stack required to be loaded currentlystSelecting a smaller current value of the two, and setting the smaller current value to the DC/DC converter; the calculation formula of the current fuel cell stack current which can be loaded by the current air flow is as follows:
in the formula, Wair_mFor the air flow rate collected by the air flow meter, Ist_setThe fuel cell stack current that can be loaded for the current air flow.
The structure of the cathode air supply system in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, the cathode air supply system includes an air cleaner 1, an air flow meter 2, an air compressor 3, an intercooler 4, a humidifier 5, an in-stack throttle 6, a pressure sensor 7, an out-stack throttle 8, and a fuel cell stack 9, after air is filtered by the air cleaner 1, the air enters the fuel cell stack 9 through the air compressor 3, the intercooler 4, the humidifier 5, and the in-stack throttle 6, the air compressor 3 is mainly used for supplying air required for reaction of the fuel cell stack 9, and the air flow meter 2 is used for detecting air flow.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A cathode air supply system control method of a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, calculating the current I of the fuel cell stack needing to be loaded currentlystThe required flow rate of oxygen;
s2, calculating the current fuel cell stack current I needing to be loaded according to the oxygen demand flow obtained in the step S1stThe lower air demand flow;
s3, calculating the air flow rate of the air compressor to supply to the fuel cell stack according to the air demand flow rate obtained in the step S2, then obtaining the rotation speed of the air compressor according to the air flow rate, and setting the rotation speed to the air compressor;
s4, calculating the current I of the fuel cell stack which can be loaded by the current air flow according to the air flow collected by the air flow meterst_setComparing the current air flow rate to be loadedst_setCurrent I of fuel cell stack required to be loaded currentlystAnd (3) selecting a smaller current value of the two, and setting the smaller current value to the DC/DC converter.
2. The cathode air supply system control method of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the current fuel cell stack current I that needs to be loaded at presentstThe following formula for calculating the oxygen demand flow is:
in the formula, MO2Is the molar mass of oxygen, n is the fuel cell stack number, IstF is the Faraday constant, W, for the current fuel cell stack current that needs to be loadedO2，recThe required flow of oxygen at the current of the fuel cell stack that needs to be loaded at present.
3. The cathode air supply system control method of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that the current fuel cell stack current I that needs to be loaded at presentstThe following formula for calculating the required air flow is:
in the formula, MairIs the molar mass of air, χO2The molar mass fraction of oxygen in air is 0.21, Wair,recThe air demand flow under the current of the fuel cell stack which needs to be loaded currently.
4. The cathode air supply system control method of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formula of the air flow rate that the air compressor should supply to the fuel cell stack is:
Wair＝λairWair,rec
in the formula, λairIs the stoichiometric ratio of air, WairThe air compressor should supply the fuel cell stack with air flow.
5. The cathode air supply system control method of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the calculation formula of the stack current to which the current air flow rate can be applied is:
in the formula, Wair_mFor the air flow rate collected by the air flow meter, Ist_setThe fuel cell stack current that can be loaded for the current air flow.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113097533A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-09 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Air supply system of fuel cell |
| CN113131812A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-07-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Calculation method of loadable current of engine |
| CN113258106A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Method for judging content of water generated by fuel cell and control system |
| CN114188571A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-15 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and starting operation control method thereof |
| CN116031447A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-04-28 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for controlling humidity of fuel cell |
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| CN110069033A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-30 | 福州大学 | A kind of total power fuel cell air compressor machine bilayer forecast Control Algorithm |
| WO2020194019A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system and method for controlling fuel cell system |
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| CN103682399A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-26 | 现代自动车株式会社 | System and method for controlling fuel cell system |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113097533A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-09 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Air supply system of fuel cell |
| CN113258106A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Method for judging content of water generated by fuel cell and control system |
| CN113131812A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-07-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Calculation method of loadable current of engine |
| CN114188571A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-15 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and starting operation control method thereof |
| CN114188571B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-08-08 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and starting operation control method thereof |
| CN116031447A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-04-28 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for controlling humidity of fuel cell |
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