CN111613813B - Fuel cell air supply system and pressure relief control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell air supply system and pressure relief control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111613813B CN111613813B CN202010457208.1A CN202010457208A CN111613813B CN 111613813 B CN111613813 B CN 111613813B CN 202010457208 A CN202010457208 A CN 202010457208A CN 111613813 B CN111613813 B CN 111613813B
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell control, in particular to a fuel cell air supply system and a pressure relief control method thereof. Including fuel cell negative pole, with the air compressor machine of fuel cell cathode inlet intercommunication, with the afterbody discharge valve of fuel cell cathode outlet intercommunication, its characterized in that: a pressure release valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell is arranged between the air compressor and the tail discharge valve; a back pressure valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is arranged between the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell and the tail discharge valve; the pressure relief control device is electrically connected with the pressure relief valve and the backpressure valve and used for controlling the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve and the opening of the backpressure valve. The invention not only improves the pressure relief efficiency, but also fundamentally solves the problem of water blockage in the cathode of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell control, in particular to a fuel cell air supply system and a pressure relief control method thereof.
Background
A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy, and is also called an electrochemical generator. It is a fourth power generation technology following hydroelectric power generation, thermal power generation and atomic power generation. The fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy in the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and is not limited by the Carnot cycle effect, so the efficiency is high; in addition, the fuel cell uses fuel and oxygen as reaction raw materials, and has no mechanical transmission part, so that the fuel cell has no noise and has very little pollution of discharged harmful gas. It follows that fuel cells are a promising power generation technology from the viewpoint of energy saving and ecological environment protection.
Among the many types of fuel cells, pem fuel cells use a solid polymer membrane material that conducts protons as the electrolyte. Such electrolytes have a high power-to-mass ratio and a low operating temperature. Is an ideal material for fixed and mobile devices. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is regarded as an automobile power source with good development prospect due to the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low working temperature, corresponding rapidness, zero emission and the like. In the following of the present specification, all fuel cells are referred to as proton exchange membrane fuel cells unless otherwise specified.
The air supply system is an important subsystem in a fuel cell system, and pressure relief is one of its functions. According to the electrochemical principle, water is generated at the cathode of the fuel cell, and if the water generated in the cathode blocks the flow channel, air diffusion is hindered, and the performance of the fuel cell is affected. The macroscopic appearance of water blockage is an excessive pressure at the fuel cell inlet. If the cathode gas pressure exceeds the limit, damage may be caused to the fuel cell, resulting in a reduction in its durability.
In a fuel cell air supply system, the pressure regulating function is achieved by regulating the flow of air into the air compressor to regulate the air compressor outlet pressure. However, when pressure relief is needed, the purpose of pressure relief is generally not achieved directly by controlling the air compressor. The reason is that if the turbine type air compressor is adopted, when the air flow is too small, the air compressor can generate surge, and the service life of the air compressor can be damaged. Therefore, it is a common practice to add a pressure relief valve in the fuel cell air supply system to achieve the pressure relief function.
Considering that the main reason of the over-limit of air pressure is caused by water blockage in the cathode of the fuel cell, the excess water in the cathode should be further discharged while the pressure is released. The prior art generally does not consider how to discharge the excessive water of the cathode, for example, in the chinese invention patent with the patent number "CN 201910914732.4" entitled "fuel cell air circuit, air extractor control method and controller", the control method described in the patent considers the situation that the pressure relief is needed, but the method directly performs the pressure relief through the air extractor, but does not fully consider how to discharge the excessive water while performing the pressure relief. If the excessive water of the cathode is not discharged in time, the problem of pressure overrun can occur again in the subsequent use.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above mentioned problems of the background art, and provides an air supply system for a fuel cell and a method for controlling pressure relief thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a fuel cell air supply system, includes fuel cell negative pole, with the air compressor machine of fuel cell negative pole entry intercommunication, with the afterbody discharge valve of fuel cell negative pole export intercommunication, its characterized in that: a pressure release valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell is arranged between the air compressor and the tail discharge valve; a back pressure valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is arranged between the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell and the tail discharge valve; the pressure relief control device is electrically connected with the pressure relief valve and the backpressure valve and used for controlling the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve and the opening of the backpressure valve.
And further, an inlet of the pressure release valve is communicated with an outlet of the air compressor, and an outlet of the pressure release valve is communicated with an inlet of the tail discharge valve.
And the inlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the back pressure valve is communicated with the inlet of the tail discharge valve.
The device further comprises a humidifier; the inlet of the humidifier is communicated with the outlet of the air compressor, and the outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the inlet of the cathode of the fuel cell; the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell is communicated with a humidifier; and the inlet of the backpressure valve is communicated with a humidifier.
The fuel cell further comprises an inlet pressure sensor and an inlet temperature sensor which are positioned on the inlet side of the cathode of the fuel cell, and an outlet pressure sensor which is positioned on the outlet side of the cathode of the fuel cell; and the inlet pressure sensor, the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet pressure sensor are electrically connected with the pressure relief control device.
A pressure release control method of a fuel cell air supply system is characterized in that: and collecting and calculating the operation data of the cathode of the fuel cell, and controlling the inlet pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell and the outlet pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell according to the calculation result.
The method for controlling the cathode inlet pressure of the fuel cell according to the calculation result comprises the following steps: obtaining the actual pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cell according to the collected cathode operation data of the fuel cellactAnd acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r of the fuel cell cathodeall(ii) a To ractAnd rallAn analysis is performed to determine whether to close or open a pressure relief valve for controlling the fuel cell cathode inlet pressure.
Further, the method for judging whether to close or open the pressure relief valve comprises the following steps: when the actual pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell exceeds the limit percentage ractGreater than the acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r of the fuel cell cathodeallWhen the pressure relief valve is opened, the pressure relief valve is controlled to be opened; when the actual pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell exceeds the limit percentage ractNo greater than an acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r of the fuel cell cathodeallAnd when the pressure relief valve is closed, the pressure relief valve is controlled to be closed.
Further, the obtained actual pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cellactThe method comprises the following steps: obtaining the target pressure P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell according to the collected cathode operation data of the fuel cellsp(ii) a Collecting actual pressure P of cathode inlet of fuel cellactThrough PactAnd PspObtaining the actual pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cellact。
Further said obtaining a fuel cell cathode inlet target pressure PspThe method comprises the following steps: collecting required current I provided by vehicle controllerstAnd actual fuel cell cathode inlet temperature TactAccording to IstAnd TactLooking up the table to obtain the target pressure P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellsp。
Further, obtaining the acceptable pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cellallThe method comprises the following steps: collecting actual temperature T of cathode inlet of fuel cellactThrough TactObtaining the acceptable pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cell by looking up a tableall。
The method for controlling the outlet pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell according to the calculation result comprises the following steps: collecting the operation data of the cathode of the fuel cell to obtain the opening alpha of a back pressure valve for controlling the outlet pressure of the cathode of the fuel cellspAccording to the opening degree alphaspAnd controlling the back pressure valve to realize the regulation of the cathode outlet pressure of the fuel cell.
Further opening degree alpha of the back pressure valvespThe obtaining method comprises the following steps: acquiring actual pressure difference delta P between the inlet and the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell according to the collected cathode operation data of the fuel cellact(ii) a The actual pressure difference deltaP of the cathode of the fuel cellactTarget pressure difference delta P of cathode inlet of fuel cell obtained by looking up tablespCalculating to obtain the pressure difference deviation eΔP(ii) a Deviation e according to pressure differenceΔPLook-up table can obtain back pressure valve target opening alphasp。
Further said obtaining an actual pressure difference Δ P between the fuel cell cathode inlet and outletactThe method comprises the following steps: collecting actual pressure P of cathode inlet of fuel cellactAnd actual fuel cell cathode outlet pressure Pout，PactAnd PoutThe difference is the actual pressure difference delta P of the cathode of the fuel cellact。
According to the invention, the pressure relief valve and the back pressure valve are arranged in the pipeline system, and the pressure relief control device controls the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve and the opening of the back pressure valve, so that when water inside the cathode of the fuel cell is blocked, the pipeline can be quickly decompressed, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell is expanded, the normal discharge of the water inside the cathode of the fuel cell is ensured, the pressure relief efficiency is improved, the problem of water blockage inside the cathode of the fuel cell can be fundamentally solved, and the pipeline system has great popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell air supply system;
FIG. 2: the invention discloses a module diagram of a pressure relief control device of a fuel cell air supply system;
FIG. 3: the invention discloses a flow chart of a control method of a pressure relief control device of a fuel cell air supply system;
wherein: 1-fuel cell cathode; 2, an air compressor; 3, an intercooler; 4-a humidifier; 5-tail drain valve; 6-pressure relief control device; 7, a pressure relief valve; 8-back pressure valve; 9-inlet pressure sensor; 10-inlet temperature sensor; 11-outlet pressure sensor; 12-outlet temperature sensor; 13-flow meter.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the fuel cell air supply system of the present embodiment, an air compressor 2 is disposed on one side of an inlet of a cathode 1 of a fuel cell, the air compressor 2 is used for supplying air to a required pressure, a flow meter 13 is disposed on one side of an inlet of the air compressor 2 and is used for measuring an air flow entering the air compressor 2, a tail discharge valve 5 is disposed on one side of an outlet of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell, and the tail discharge valve 5 is used for mixing and discharging air discharged from an outlet of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell and a pressure release valve 7 to the atmosphere and is also used for discharging water discharged from the inside of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell.
Wherein, an intercooler 3 and a humidifier 4 are sequentially arranged between the air compressor 2 and the cathode 1 of the fuel cell, the intercooler 3 is used for cooling the air discharged from the air compressor 2, and the humidifier 4 is used for humidifying the air. The air entering and exiting the cathode 1 of the fuel cell shares the same humidifier 4, and the path of the air is that the air exits from the intercooler 3, is humidified by the humidifier 4 and enters the cathode 1 of the fuel cell; air leaving the fuel cell cathode 1 carries a significant amount of water vapor which passes through the humidifier 4 and into the back pressure valve 8 where the water vapor can humidify the air entering the humidifier 4.
The specific pipeline connection is that the outlet of the intercooler 3 is respectively communicated with the humidifier 4 and the tail discharge valve 5, a pressure release valve 7 is arranged between the intercooler 3 and the tail discharge valve 5, the inlet of the humidifier 4 is respectively communicated with the outlet of the intercooler 3 and the outlet of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the humidifier 4 is respectively communicated with the inlet of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell and the tail discharge valve 5. The pressure relief valve 7 is adapted to open when the actual pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell cathode 1 is excessive, relieving the air pressure.
A back pressure valve 8 is arranged between the humidifier 4 and the tail discharge valve 5, the back pressure valve 8 is a valve structure with an inlet communicated with the humidifier 4 and an outlet communicated with the tail discharge valve 5, and the back pressure valve 8 is used for increasing the opening degree when the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell cathode 1 becomes smaller, actually controlling the pressure at the outlet of the fuel cell cathode 1 and increasing the pressure difference to promote the water in the fuel cell cathode 1 to be discharged.
The pressure relief valve 7 and the back pressure valve 8 of the present embodiment are controlled by the pressure relief control device 6, and in addition, in order to control the pressure relief valve 7 and the back pressure valve 8 according to the actual operation condition of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell, the air supply system of the present embodiment further includes an inlet pressure sensor 9 (such as P1 shown in fig. 1) and an inlet temperature sensor 10 (such as T1 shown in fig. 1) on the inlet side of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell, and an outlet pressure sensor 11 (such as P2 shown in fig. 1) and an outlet temperature sensor 12 (such as T2 shown in fig. 1) on the outlet side of the cathode 1 of the fuel cell, the inlet pressure sensor 9, the inlet temperature sensor 10, the outlet pressure sensor 11 and the outlet temperature sensor 12 are electrically connected to the pressure relief control device 6, and are used for collecting the temperature and pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell and transmitting the collected parameters to the pressure relief control device 6, so that the pressure relief control means 6 can be controlled appropriately according to these parameters.
As shown in fig. 2, the pressure relief control device 6 of the present embodiment includes:
target pressure acquisition module, the function of which is to pass the demanded current IstAnd the actual temperature T of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactObtaining a target pressure P of a cathode inlet of a fuel cellsp. Wherein the required current IstThe data is provided by a vehicle control unit and is a known value; actual temperature T of cathode inlet of fuel cellactProvided by an inlet temperature sensor 10; and a target pressure P of a cathode inlet of the fuel cellspAnd the required current IstAnd the actual temperature T of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactThere is a corresponding relationship between them, and it can be obtained by looking up the table.
A percentage over pressure calculation module, the function of which is to calculate the actual pressure P at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactExceeding a target pressure P of a cathode inlet of a fuel cellspPercentage of (a) ract. Actual pressure P at cathode inlet of fuel cellactProvided by the inlet pressure sensor 10.
A feed forward controller whose function is to pass the actual temperature T of the cathode of the fuel cellactObtaining the actual cathode temperature T of the current fuel cell by looking up a tableactAcceptable percentage of pressure overrun r for the fuel cell cathodeall(ii) a Acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r for fuel cell cathodesallIs the maximum pressure P that the cathode inlet of the fuel cell can acceptmaxExceeding a target pressure P of a cathode inlet of a fuel cellspPercentage of (c). Maximum acceptable pressure P at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellmaxCan be obtained by calibration according to the properties and actual needs of the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, the control of the air supply system is divided into two parts, namely, the control of the pressure release valve 7 and the control of the back pressure valve 8, as shown in fig. 3, the specific control measures are as follows:
s101: obtaining the required current IstActual temperature T of cathode inlet of fuel cellactActual pressure P at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactAnd the actual pressure P at the cathode outlet of the fuel cellout；
Required current IstProvided by the vehicle control unit, is a known value; actual temperature T of cathode inlet of fuel cellactCollected by the inlet temperature sensor 10; actual pressure P at cathode inlet of fuel cellactCollected by the inlet pressure sensor 9; cathode outlet of fuel cellActual pressure P ofoutAcquired by the outlet pressure sensor 11.
S201: according to the required current IstAnd the actual temperature T of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactObtaining a target pressure P of a cathode inlet of the fuel cellsp；
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the required current I of the fuel cellstActual temperature TactAnd target pressure P of cathode inlet of fuel cellspThere is a corresponding relationship, which can be obtained by calibration according to the property of the fuel cell itself and the actual need, and this embodiment does not limit the corresponding relationship.
S301: the target pressure P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellspActual pressure P with the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactCalculating to obtain the actual pressure overrun percentage r of the fuel cellactThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: pact-actual pressure at the fuel cell cathode inlet;
Psp-a target pressure at the fuel cell cathode inlet;
ract-fuel cell actual pressure overrun percentage;
actual fuel cell cathode inlet pressure PactProvided by an inlet pressure sensor 9;
s202: according to the actual temperature T at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactObtaining the acceptable pressure overrun percentage r of the fuel cellall；
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the actual temperature T of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactAnd target pressure P of cathode inlet of fuel cellspAnd at this time the maximum pressure P that the cathode of the fuel cell can withstandmaxA corresponding relation exists, and the relation can be obtained by calibration according to the property of the fuel cell and the actual need; further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r for fuel cell cathodesallIs the target pressure P from the cathode inlet of the fuel cellspMaximum pressure P bearable by cathode inlet of fuel cellmaxObtained through calculation. Therefore, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the actual temperature T of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactAnd the acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellallThere is a corresponding relationship between them, and this embodiment does not describe the corresponding relationship again.
S401: the actual pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell is overrun by percentage ractPercentage of pressure overrun acceptable to fuel cell rallA comparison is made. If the actual pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell exceeds the percentage limit ractPercentage of pressure overrun r acceptable over fuel cell cathodeallIf the pressure is large, the pressure release valve 7 is opened; otherwise, the pressure relief valve 7 is closed.
S203: the actual pressure P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellactMinus the actual pressure P at the cathode outlet of the fuel celloutObtaining the actual pressure difference DeltaP of the cathode of the fuel cellact；
S303: the target pressure difference delta P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellspSubtracting the actual pressure difference deltaP of the cathode of the fuel cellactObtaining a pressure difference deviation e△P；
In S303, a target pressure difference DeltaP at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellspIs a preset value; those skilled in the art will appreciate that the target pressure differential Δ P at the cathode inlet of the fuel cellspThe target pressure difference deltaP of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell is obtained by experiments according to the properties and the actual needs of the fuel cellspThe value of (b) is not limiting.
S403: deviation e according to pressure difference△PObtaining the opening degree alpha of the back pressure valve through a PID controllersp(deviation amount of pressure difference e in actual application△POpening degree alpha of back pressure valvespThere is a corresponding relation, a corresponding table of the two can be formed by a calibration mode, and the deviation e from the pressure difference is called according to the table△PCorresponding back pressure valve opening degree alphaspNamely); opening degree of back pressure valvespThe back pressure valve 8 is input to realize corresponding opening, so that the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell cathode 1 is increased, and the discharge of water in the fuel cell cathode 1 is promoted;
as can be understood by those skilled in the art, the PID controller controls the controlled object by forming a control quantity by combining the control deviation quantity proportionally, integrally and differentially; the PID controller consists of a proportional unit P, an integral unit I and a differential unit D, and an ideal control quantity can be obtained through setting a proportional parameter Kp, an integral parameter Ki and a differential parameter Kd, so that the aim of controlling a controlled object is fulfilled. Those skilled in the art can understand that the three parameters need to be obtained according to a relevant method of an automatic control theory and an actual situation, and the values of the three parameters are not limited in this embodiment.
Now, a pressure relief control method of an air supply system is explained through a specific implementation flow:
s101: the vehicle controller sends a signal to the pressure relief control device 6 to inform that the required current of the vehicle is 350A; the pressure relief control device 6 obtains the actual temperature of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell through a sensor, the actual pressure of the inlet is 150kPa, and the actual pressure of the outlet is 100 kPa;
s201: according to the required current 350A and the actual temperature of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell of 60 ℃, obtaining the target pressure of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell of 130kPa in the state through table lookup; the fuel cell demand current, the actual temperature of the fuel cell cathode inlet and the target pressure of the cathode have a corresponding relation, the relation is obtained through experiments, and the essence is a data table which is stored in the memory of the control device;
s301: calculating the target pressure 130kPa of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell and the actual pressure 150kPa of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell to obtain the actual pressure overrun percentage of the fuel cell as 15.4%;
s202: obtaining the acceptable pressure overrun percentage of the fuel cell as 12% according to the actual temperature of 60 ℃ at the cathode inlet of the fuel cell;
s401: comparing the actual pressure overrun percentage of the cathode of the fuel cell with 15.4% and the acceptable pressure overrun percentage of the cathode of the fuel cell with 12%, and opening the pressure release valve 7 because the actual pressure overrun percentage of the cathode of the fuel cell is larger than the acceptable pressure overrun percentage of the cathode of the fuel cell; the pressure release valve 7 is an on-off valve which only has two states of opening and closing and does not need to adjust the opening degree;
s203: subtracting the actual pressure of the cathode outlet of the fuel cell from the actual pressure of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell (150 kPa) to obtain the actual pressure difference (50 kPa);
s303: subtracting the actual pressure difference from the target pressure difference 60kPa to obtain a pressure difference deviation value of 10 kPa; the deviation value is larger than 0, which means that the opening of the back pressure valve needs to be adjusted to be larger, and the target pressure difference is obtained through tests according to the properties of the fuel cell and actual needs and then stored in the memory of the control device;
s403: acquiring a target opening degree of the back pressure valve by a PID controller according to the pressure difference deviation value of 10kPa, wherein the target opening degree is 60%; the opening degree of the back pressure valve is input into the back pressure valve 8, and the back pressure valve is enabled to realize the corresponding opening degree, so that the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cathode of the fuel cell is increased, and the discharge of water in the cathode of the fuel cell is promoted.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A pressure release control method of a fuel cell air supply system, the fuel cell air supply system comprises a fuel cell cathode (1), an air compressor (2) communicated with an inlet of the fuel cell cathode (1), and a tail discharge valve (5) communicated with an outlet of the fuel cell cathode (1), and is characterized in that: a pressure release valve (7) used for adjusting the pressure of the inlet of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell is arranged between the air compressor (2) and the tail discharge valve (5); a back pressure valve (8) for adjusting the outlet pressure of the fuel cell cathode (1) is arranged between the outlet of the fuel cell cathode (1) and the tail discharge valve (5); the pressure relief control device (6) is electrically connected with the pressure relief valve (7) and the backpressure valve (8) and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve (7) and the opening of the backpressure valve (8); the fuel cell further comprises an inlet pressure sensor (9) and an inlet temperature sensor (10) which are positioned on one side of the inlet of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell, and an outlet pressure sensor (11) which is positioned on one side of the outlet of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell; the inlet pressure sensor (9), the inlet temperature sensor (10) and the outlet pressure sensor (11) are electrically connected with the pressure relief control device (6),
the method is characterized in that: collecting and calculating operation data of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell, and controlling the inlet pressure of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell and the outlet pressure of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell according to the calculation result;
the method for controlling the inlet pressure of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell according to the calculation result comprises the following steps: obtaining the actual pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cell according to the collected operation data of the cathode (1) of the fuel cellactAnd acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r of the fuel cell cathodeall(ii) a To ractAnd rallAnalyzing, and judging whether to close or open a pressure relief valve (7) for controlling the inlet pressure of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell;
the method for controlling the outlet pressure of the fuel cell cathode (1) according to the calculation result comprises the following steps: collecting the operation data of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell to obtain the opening alpha of a back pressure valve (8) for controlling the outlet pressure of the cathode (1) of the fuel cellspAccording to the opening degree alphaspAnd controlling the backpressure valve (8) to realize the regulation of the outlet pressure of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell.
2. The pressure relief control method according to claim 1, wherein: the method for judging whether the pressure relief valve (7) is closed or opened comprises the following steps: when the actual pressure of the cathode of the fuel cell exceeds the limit percentage ractGreater than the acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r of the fuel cell cathodeallWhen the pressure is needed, the pressure release valve (7) is controlled to be opened; when actual pressure of fuel cell cathodeOverrun percentage ractNo greater than an acceptable percentage of pressure overrun r of the fuel cell cathodeallAnd when the pressure is needed, the pressure relief valve (7) is controlled to be closed.
3. A pressure relief control method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by: obtaining the actual pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cellactThe method comprises the following steps: obtaining a fuel cell cathode inlet target pressure P based on the collected fuel cell cathode (1) operating datasp(ii) a Collecting actual pressure P of cathode inlet of fuel cellactThrough PactAnd PspObtaining the actual pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cellact。
4. A method of controlling pressure relief as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the target pressure P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell is obtainedspThe method comprises the following steps: collecting required current I provided by vehicle controllerstAnd actual fuel cell cathode inlet temperature TactAccording to IstAnd TactLooking up the table to obtain the target pressure P of the cathode inlet of the fuel cellsp。
5. A pressure relief control method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by: obtaining the acceptable pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cellallThe method comprises the following steps: collecting actual temperature T of cathode inlet of fuel cellactThrough TactObtaining the acceptable pressure overrun percentage r of the cathode of the fuel cell by looking up a tableall。
6. The pressure relief control method according to claim 1, wherein: opening degree alpha of the back pressure valve (8)spThe obtaining method comprises the following steps: acquiring actual pressure difference delta P between the inlet and the outlet of the cathode (1) of the fuel cell according to the collected cathode operation data of the fuel cell (1)act(ii) a The actual pressure difference deltaP of the cathode of the fuel cellactTarget pressure difference delta P of cathode inlet of fuel cell obtained by looking up tablespPerforming an operation to obtain a voltageForce difference deviation eΔP(ii) a Deviation e according to pressure differenceΔPLook-up table can obtain back pressure valve target opening alphasp。
7. The pressure relief control method according to claim 6, wherein: the actual pressure difference delta P between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell cathode (1) is obtainedactThe method comprises the following steps: collecting the actual pressure P of the inlet of the cathode (1) of the fuel cellactAnd actual fuel cell cathode outlet pressure Pout，PactAnd PoutThe difference is the actual pressure difference delta P of the cathode of the fuel cellact。
8. The pressure relief control method according to claim 1, wherein: and an inlet of the pressure release valve (7) is communicated with an outlet of the air compressor (2), and an outlet of the pressure release valve (7) is communicated with an inlet of the tail discharge valve (5).
9. The pressure relief control method according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the backpressure valve (8) is communicated with the outlet of the fuel cell cathode (1), and the outlet of the backpressure valve (8) is communicated with the inlet of the tail discharge valve (5).
10. A method of controlling pressure relief as claimed in claim 9, wherein: also comprises a humidifier (4); the inlet of the humidifier (4) is communicated with the outlet of the air compressor (2), and the outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the inlet of the fuel cell cathode (1); the outlet of the fuel cell cathode (1) is communicated with a humidifier (4); the inlet of the backpressure valve (8) is communicated with the humidifier (4).
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