CN110120537B - Hydration state self-adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system - Google Patents
Hydration state self-adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110120537B CN110120537B CN201910386879.0A CN201910386879A CN110120537B CN 110120537 B CN110120537 B CN 110120537B CN 201910386879 A CN201910386879 A CN 201910386879A CN 110120537 B CN110120537 B CN 110120537B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydration state self-adaptive balancing-based fuel cell cascade power generation system which comprises a fuel cell cascade unit, a fuel cell hydration state balancing unit, a fuel cell auxiliary unit, a direct current conversion unit and a main control unit, wherein the fuel cell cascade unit is respectively connected with the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit and the fuel cell auxiliary unit, the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit is connected with the direct current conversion unit, the main control unit is respectively connected with the fuel cell auxiliary unit and the direct current conversion unit, and the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit is also connected with a fuel cell hydration state self-adaptive balancing slave control unit. The system realizes the adjustment of the water content of the membrane by adaptively controlling the output voltage of the fuel cell module, can effectively avoid the phenomena of membrane dryness and flooding in the actual operation process of a high-power fuel cell system, can effectively improve the influence of the phenomena of membrane dryness, flooding and the like on the performance degradation and durability of the proton exchange membrane, and improves the efficiency and the service life of the cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state self-adaptive equalization.
Background
Hydrogen energy is a novel renewable energy form, the research and application of which are increasingly emphasized, and the high-power integrated fuel cell which is one of the main applications of the hydrogen energy has wide application prospect for power generation. In recent years, with the progress of fuel cell manufacturing processes and system integration technologies, the power density of a fuel cell system is continuously improved, the service life of the fuel cell system is continuously prolonged, and the application scenarios of a high-power integrated fuel cell system are continuously expanded. At present, a high-power integrated fuel cell system is rapidly developed in the application of distributed power generation and the traffic field.
The working principle of the existing high-power integrated fuel cell power generation system is that a load driving control unit sends a current request corresponding to required power to a fuel cell system control unit, the fuel cell system control unit calculates to obtain an air mass flow, a cooling liquid mass flow and an operation temperature instruction required by the normal operation of a fuel cell system according to the requested current, and then a fuel cell auxiliary control unit controls and adjusts auxiliary equipment such as an air compressor, a cooling circulating pump, a cooling fan and the like based on the instruction signal; meanwhile, the fuel cell system control unit sends a current setting signal to the load driving control unit, and the load driving control unit controls the system load to draw the output power of the fuel cell system corresponding to the specified current setting point, so that the closed-loop stable control of the high-power integrated fuel cell system is realized.
However, the commands required for the closed-loop control process of the above-mentioned high-power integrated fuel cell power generation system are usually generated based on simple off-line experimental data interpolation based on real-time control requirements, and the performance differences of the plurality of fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade unit of the fuel cell power generation system are not effectively considered therein. Since the manufacturing process of the fuel cell module and the production control process thereof are complicated, performance differences among the fuel cell modules are inevitably caused. The high-power integrated fuel cell power generation system is a complex electromechanical dynamic system which has close energy interaction with the environment, comprises a gas, liquid and heat multi-energy flow process, is nonlinear and strongly coupled, and if the same control process parameters are applied to fuel cell modules with different performance parameters, the efficiency loss of the integrated fuel cell system is inevitably caused, so that membrane dryness and water flooding of proton exchange membranes in different fuel cell modules are caused, and the service life of the fuel cell system is obviously influenced. Therefore, the operation process control of the high-power integrated fuel cell system has obvious influence on the efficiency of the fuel cell system; the optimal energy efficiency tracking performance of the process control of the fuel cell system is important for improving the internal electrochemical reaction activity of the fuel cell and prolonging the cycle service life.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the existing fuel cell system is low in efficiency and affects the service life of a fuel cell, the invention provides a hydration state self-adaptive balancing-based fuel cell cascade power generation system, which is used for improving the consistency of hydration states of all fuel cell modules in a fuel cell cascade unit, avoiding the occurrence of membrane dryness and flooding of a high-power fuel cell system, improving the energy efficiency of the high-power integrated fuel cell system and simultaneously being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the high-power integrated fuel cell cascade power generation system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state self-adaptive equalization comprises a fuel cell cascade unit, a fuel cell hydration state equalization unit, a fuel cell auxiliary unit, a direct current conversion unit and a main control unit, wherein the fuel cell cascade unit is respectively connected with the fuel cell hydration state equalization unit and the fuel cell auxiliary unit;
the fuel cell cascade unit includes at least one fuel cell module, and when the fuel cell cascade unit includes a plurality of fuel cell modules, the plurality of fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other.
Preferably, the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization slave control unit comprises a fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit and a fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit, and the fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit performs monitoring and estimation on the hydration state of the fuel cell cascade unit;
the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit is composed of a multistage chopper circuit, and the fuel cell hydration state self-adaptive balancing control subunit completes balancing of the hydration state of the fuel cell cascade unit by adjusting the duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit.
Preferably, the fuel cell auxiliary unit includes an air supply subunit, a hydrogen supply subunit, a coolant supply subunit, and a heat radiation fan subunit;
the air supply subunit provides air with required mass flow for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the hydrogen supply subunit provides hydrogen with required working pressure for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the cooling liquid supply subunit provides the cooling liquid with the required mass flow for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the heat radiating fan subunit provides the required operating temperature for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the main control unit comprises a fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit and a direct current conversion control subunit, the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit is respectively connected with the air supply subunit, the hydrogen supply subunit, the cooling liquid supply subunit and the heat dissipation fan subunit, and the direct current conversion control subunit is respectively connected with the direct current conversion unit and the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit to complete the output current control of the fuel cell cascade unit.
Preferably, the duty ratio relationship of the multistage chopper circuit of the fuel cell hydration state equalizing unit is as follows:
wherein, V1,V2,…,VnOutput voltages of the fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade units, respectively; d1,D2,…,DnThe turn-off duty cycles of the switching tubes of the fuel cell hydration state equalization unit are respectively provided, and the turn-off duty cycles are as follows:
D1+D2+...+Dn＝1。
preferably, the fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit monitors and samples the output voltage and the output current of each fuel cell module, and takes the equivalent impedance module value under the characteristic frequency as a state index, and the corresponding k time and the characteristic frequency f0The equivalent impedance modulus function form for the fuel cell module j below is:
wherein, Wu,j(k, f) and Wi,j(k, f) are respectively k time and characteristic frequency f0Wavelet coefficients of the voltage, current sampling sequence of the lower fuel cell module j.
Preferably, the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit performs equalization adjustment on the hydration state of each fuel cell module, and the extreme value search strategy corresponding to the equalization adjustment control subunit is:
wherein alpha is1And alpha2Respectively are empirical setting coefficients, and n is the number of fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade unit;
Djrepresents the turn-off duty factor, z, of the jth switching tube of the fuel cell hydration state equalizing unitjRepresents the equivalent impedance, Δ z, of the jth fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unitjAnd the equivalent impedance modulus difference of the adjacent jth fuel cell module and the jth +1 fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unit is represented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in order to improve the influence of the membrane dry and water flooding problems on the output efficiency of a fuel cell system and the service life of the fuel cell, the invention provides a hydration state self-adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system. Compared with the existing independent fuel cell power generation system, the hydration state self-adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system realizes the adjustment of the water content of the membrane by self-adaptively controlling the output voltage of the fuel cell module, can effectively avoid the membrane dryness and flooding phenomena of the fuel cell cascade unit in the actual operation process of the high-power fuel cell system, and improves the consistency of the hydration state of each fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unit, thereby improving the output efficiency of the fuel cell system; meanwhile, the influence of phenomena such as membrane dryness, flooding and the like on the performance degradation and durability of the proton exchange membrane can be effectively improved, and the service life of a high-power integrated fuel cell cascade power generation system is prolonged. In addition, the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit only passes the differential power among different fuel cell modules, so the power level of the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit is smaller, the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit can be integrated with the direct current conversion unit, the power loss of the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit can be ignored compared with the direct current conversion unit, and the overall operation efficiency of the fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state self-adaptive balancing is not influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydration state adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooperative control strategy of the auxiliary unit and the direct current conversion sub-unit of the fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state adaptive equalization.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state adaptive equalization includes a fuel cell cascade unit 12, a fuel cell hydration state equalization unit 14, a fuel cell auxiliary unit 16, a direct current conversion unit 18, and a main control unit 20.
The fuel cell cascade unit 12 is respectively connected with the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit 14 and the fuel cell auxiliary unit 16, the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit 14 is connected with the direct current conversion unit 18, the main control unit 20 is respectively connected with the fuel cell auxiliary unit 16 and the direct current conversion unit 18, and the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit 14 is further connected with the fuel cell hydration state adaptive balancing slave control unit 22.
The fuel cell cascade unit includes at least one fuel cell module 120, and when the fuel cell cascade unit includes a plurality of fuel cell modules, the plurality of fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other, and the plurality of fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other to increase an output voltage. The fuel cell module can select the existing fuel cell, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The slave control unit 22 for fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization comprises a fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit 220 for monitoring and estimating the hydration state of the fuel cell cascade unit and a fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit 222 for monitoring and estimating the hydration state of the fuel cell cascade unit.
The fuel cell hydration state balancing unit 14 is composed of a multistage chopper circuit, the fuel cell hydration state self-adaptive balancing control subunit 22 completes balancing of the proton exchange membrane hydration state between each fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unit by adjusting the duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit, membrane dryness and flooding of each fuel cell module connected in series are avoided, the output energy efficiency of the fuel cell cascade power generation system taking the fuel cell cascade unit as a power generation unit is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell cascade power generation system is prolonged.
The duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit of the fuel cell hydration state equalizing unit is as follows:
wherein, V1,V2,…,VnOutput voltages of the fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade units, respectively; d1,D2,…,DnSwitching tubes Q of balance unit for hydration state of fuel cell respectively1,Q2,…,QnAnd has:
D1+D2+...+Dn＝1。
the fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit 220 monitors and samples the output voltage and output current of each fuel cell module, and takes the equivalent impedance module value under the characteristic frequency as the state index, and the corresponding k moment and the characteristic frequency f0The equivalent impedance modulus function form for the fuel cell module j below is:
wherein, Wu,j(k, f) and Wi,j(k, f) are respectively k time and characteristic frequency f0Wavelet coefficients of the voltage, current sampling sequence of the lower fuel cell module j.
The fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit 222 performs equalization adjustment on the hydration state of each fuel cell module, and the corresponding extreme value search strategy is as follows:
wherein alpha is1And alpha2And n is the number of fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade unit.
DjRepresents the turn-off duty factor, z, of the jth switching tube of the fuel cell hydration state equalizing unitjRepresents the equivalent impedance, Δ z, of the jth fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unitjAnd the equivalent impedance modulus difference of the adjacent jth fuel cell module and the jth +1 fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unit is represented.
When the consistency of each fuel cell module of the fuel cell cascade unit is good, the equivalent impedance module values of each fuel cell module are approximately equal, and the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit 222 obtains each switching tube { Q ] corresponding to the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization unitjThe off duty cycle of (j ═ 1,2, …, n) is approximately 1/n.
When the consistency of each fuel cell module of the fuel cell cascade unit is poor, the equivalent impedance module values of each fuel cell module are different, and each switch corresponding to the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization unit and obtained by the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunitTube { QjThe off duty cycle of (1, 2, …, n) is { D }j}(j＝1,2,…,n)。
The fuel-cell auxiliary unit 16 includes an air supply subunit 160, a hydrogen supply subunit 162, a coolant supply subunit 164, and a radiator fan subunit 166.
The hydrogen supply subunit 162 supplies hydrogen P at a desired operating pressure to the fuel cell cascade unitH2,sp。
The heat sink subunit 166 provides the required operating temperature T for the fuel cell cascade unitstack,sp。
The fuel cell auxiliary unit ensures normal power output of each fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unit.
The dc conversion unit 18 is formed by a boost converter to match the fuel cell cascade unit with the load voltage after passing through the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit. On one hand, the fuel cell cascade unit belongs to a low-voltage large-current power generation device, and the corresponding load voltage level is relatively high, so that a boost converter is needed to realize voltage matching; on the other hand, the inherent input follow current capability of the boost converter is beneficial to reducing the output current ripple of the fuel cell cascade unit, and meanwhile, under the participation of the direct current conversion control subunit, the output current of the fuel cell cascade unit is conveniently and accurately controlled, so that the binary pseudorandom current signal sequence is effectively superposed.
The main control unit 20 includes a fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit 200 and a dc conversion control subunit 202, and the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit 200 is connected to the air supply subunit, the hydrogen supply subunit, the coolant supply subunit, and the radiator fan subunit, respectively. And the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit provides the required air mass flow instruction, the coolant mass flow instruction and the operation temperature instruction for the normal operation of the fuel cell auxiliary machine unit.
The dc conversion control subunit 202 is connected to the dc conversion unit and the fuel cell auxiliary control subunit, respectively, to complete the control of the output current of the fuel cell cascade unit.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fuel-cell auxiliary-device control subunit 200 depends on the load current demand ireqCalculating the required air mass flow setpoint MF of the air supply subunitair,spCalculating the mass flow rate set point MF of the cooling liquid required by the cooling liquid supply subunitcoolant,spCalculating to obtain the required temperature set point T of the electric pile for the radiating fan subunitstack,sp. Furthermore, the fuel-cell auxiliary control subunit depends on the actual air mass flow MF of the air supply subunit in the fuel-cell auxiliary unitair,realCalculating to obtain an output current set point i required by the direct current conversion control subunitsp. On the basis of the pressure, the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit calculates a hydrogen pressure set point P of a hydrogen supply subunit of the fuel cell auxiliary machine unit according to the air inlet pressureH2,sp. Thereby, closed-loop control between the fuel cell auxiliary control subunit and the fuel cell auxiliary unit is realized.
A DC conversion control subunit for calculating the output current set point i according to the auxiliary control subunitspCombined with input current i of the DC conversion unitsGenerating Q required for a switching tube corresponding to the DC conversion unitsThe pulse width modulation signal realizes the output current control of the fuel cell cascade unit.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state adaptive equalization is characterized by comprising a fuel cell cascade unit, a fuel cell hydration state equalization unit, a fuel cell auxiliary unit, a direct current conversion unit and a main control unit, wherein the fuel cell cascade unit is respectively connected with the fuel cell hydration state equalization unit and the fuel cell auxiliary unit;
the fuel cell cascade unit includes at least one fuel cell module, and when the fuel cell cascade unit includes a plurality of fuel cell modules, the plurality of fuel cell modules are connected in series with each other;
the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization slave control unit comprises a fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit and a fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit, wherein the fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit monitors and estimates the hydration state of the fuel cell cascade unit;
the fuel cell hydration state balancing unit is composed of a multistage chopper circuit, and the fuel cell hydration state self-adaptive balancing control subunit completes balancing of the hydration state of the fuel cell cascade unit by adjusting the duty ratio of the multistage chopper circuit.
2. The hydration state adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell auxiliary unit includes an air supply subunit, a hydrogen supply subunit, a coolant supply subunit, and a radiator fan subunit;
the air supply subunit provides air with required mass flow for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the hydrogen supply subunit provides hydrogen with required working pressure for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the cooling liquid supply subunit provides the cooling liquid with the required mass flow for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the heat radiating fan subunit provides the required operating temperature for the fuel cell cascade unit;
the main control unit comprises a fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit and a direct current conversion control subunit, the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit is respectively connected with the air supply subunit, the hydrogen supply subunit, the cooling liquid supply subunit and the heat dissipation fan subunit, and the direct current conversion control subunit is respectively connected with the direct current conversion unit and the fuel cell auxiliary machine control subunit to complete the output current control of the fuel cell cascade unit.
3. The hydration state adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a duty ratio relationship of a multistage chopper circuit of the fuel cell hydration state equalization unit is as follows:
wherein, V1,V2,…,VnOutput voltages of the fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade units, respectively; d1,D2,…,DnThe turn-off duty cycles of the switching tubes of the fuel cell hydration state equalization unit are respectively provided, and the turn-off duty cycles are as follows:
D1+D2+...+Dn＝1。
4. the fuel cell cascade power generation system based on hydration state adaptive equalization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel cell hydration state monitoring and estimating subunit monitors and samples the output voltage and the output current of each fuel cell module, takes the equivalent impedance modulus value under the characteristic frequency as a state index, and takes the corresponding k time and the characteristic frequency f as a corresponding state index0The equivalent impedance modulus function form for the fuel cell module j below is:
wherein, Wu,j(k, f) and Wi,j(k, f) are respectively k time and characteristic frequency f0Wavelet coefficients of the voltage, current sampling sequence of the lower fuel cell module j.
5. The hydration state adaptive equalization-based fuel cell cascade power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell hydration state adaptive equalization control subunit performs equalization adjustment on the hydration state of each fuel cell module, and the extremum search strategy corresponds to:
wherein alpha is1And alpha2Respectively are empirical setting coefficients, and n is the number of fuel cell modules in the fuel cell cascade unit; djRepresents the turn-off duty factor, z, of the jth switching tube of the fuel cell hydration state equalizing unitjRepresents the equivalent impedance, Δ z, of the jth fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unitjAnd the equivalent impedance modulus difference of the adjacent jth fuel cell module and the jth +1 fuel cell module in the fuel cell cascade unit is represented.
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