CN110105231A - 一种含薁环的化合物、其用途及包含其的有机光电装置 - Google Patents

一种含薁环的化合物、其用途及包含其的有机光电装置 Download PDF

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CN110105231A
CN110105231A CN201910472989.9A CN201910472989A CN110105231A CN 110105231 A CN110105231 A CN 110105231A CN 201910472989 A CN201910472989 A CN 201910472989A CN 110105231 A CN110105231 A CN 110105231A
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compound
ring
layer
azulene
containing azulene
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CN110105231B (zh
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高铁阵
高威
牛晶华
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Wuhan Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Shanghai Tianma AM OLED Co Ltd
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Priority to US16/875,606 priority patent/US11667618B2/en
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种含薁环的化合物、其用途及包含其的有机光电装置。所述含薁环的化合物是具有式I结构的化合物。所述有机光电装置包括阳极、阴极,以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的一层或多层有机薄膜层;且至少一层所述有机薄膜层中含有上述具有式I结构的含薁环的化合物。本发明提供的含薁环的化合物的最低单重态S1与最低三重态T1之间的能级差ΔEst≤0.3eV,具有热活化延迟荧光材料的发光机制,可作为热活化延迟荧光材料用于有机光电装置中,提高器件发光效率。

Description

一种含薁环的化合物、其用途及包含其的有机光电装置
技术领域
本发明属于有机发光材料技术领域,涉及一种热活化延迟荧光材料,尤其涉及一种含薁环的化合物、其用途及包含其的有机光电装置。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(OLED)是一种基于有机发光材料的发光器件,具有宽视角、超薄、响应快、发光效率高、可实现柔性显示等优点,是全球公认的液晶后的下一代主流显示器。
根据发光机制,可用于OLED发光层的材料主要有以下四种:荧光材料、磷光材料、三线态-三线态湮灭(TTA)材料和热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料。
根据自旋统计,激子中单线态和三线态激子的比例是1:3,所以荧光材料最大内量子产率不超过25%。依据朗伯发光模式,光取出效率为20%左右,故基于荧光材料的OLED器件的外量子效率(EQE)不超过5%。
磷光材料由于重原子效应,可以通过自旋偶合作用,加强分子内部系间窜越,可以直接利用75%的三线态激子,从而实现在室温下最低单重态(S1)激子和最低三重态(T1)激子共同参与的发射,理论最大内量子产率可达100%。故基于磷光材料的OLED器件的EQE可以达到20%。但是磷光材料基本为Ir、Pt、Os、Re、Ru等重金属配合物,生产成本较高,不利于大规模生产。而且在高电流密度下,磷光材料存在严重的效率滚降现象,使得磷光OLED器件的稳定性并不好。
TTA材料可以利用两个相邻的三重态激子复合生成一个更高能级的单重激发态分子和一个基态分子,但是两个三重态激子只能产生一个单重态激子,所以TTA材料理论最大内量子产率只能达到62.5%。同时,为了防止产生较大的效率滚降现象,TTA材料发光过程中的三重态激子的浓度需要进行调控。
TADF材料具有较小的单重态和三重态能级差,T1态激子可吸收环境热通过反向系间窜越转换到S1态,可同时利用75%的三线态激子和25%的单线态激子,理论最大内量子产率可达100%。TADF材料主要为有机化合物,不需要稀有金属元素,生产成本低,可通过多种方法进行化学修饰。
但目前已发现的TADF材料较少,新型的可用于OLED器件的TADF材料仍然亟待开发。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种含薁环的化合物、其用途及包含其的有机光电装置。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种含薁环的化合物,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式I结构的化合物:
式I中,Z环为不饱和五元环或不饱和六元环,D为给电子基。
第二方面,本发明提供一种上述含薁环的化合物的用途,所述含薁环的化合物用作热活化延迟荧光材料。
第三方面,本发明提供一种有机光电装置,包括阳极、阴极,以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的一层或多层有机薄膜层;
且至少一层所述有机薄膜层中含有本发明第一方面提供的含薁环的化合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明以不饱和五元环或不饱和六元环对薁的五元环位点进行功能化修饰,形成的薁并不饱和五元环材料和薁并不饱和六元环材料集合了薁环和不饱和芳环所具有的优异的化学性能和物理性能。以该薁并不饱和五元环或薁并不饱和六元环作为电子受体,配合给电子基团,形成的化合物的最低单重态S1与最低三重态T1之间的能级差ΔEst≤0.3eV,T1态激子可以逆向系间窜越至S1态,具有TADF材料发光机制,可用于有机光电装置中,提高发光效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的有机发光器件的结构示意图;
其中,1为玻璃基板,2为ITO阳极,3为第一空穴传输层,4为第二空穴传输层,5为发光层,6为第一电子传输层,7为第二电子传输层,8为阴极,9为阴极覆盖层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述具体实施方式仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
第一方面,本发明提供一种含薁环的化合物,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式I结构的化合物:
式I中,Z环为不饱和五元环或不饱和六元环,D为给电子基。
薁可看作由带正电荷的环庚三烯和带负电荷的环戊二烯并合而成,所以分子具有较大的偶极矩(1.08D),薁类衍生物有机材料具有良好的电荷传输性能和给电子性能。薁类衍生物有机材料通常具有良好的稳定性,具有独特的电学、光学、氧化还原和自组装性能,使之成为有机光电材料的重要候选者。
本发明以不饱和五元环或不饱和六元环对薁的五元环位点进行功能化修饰,形成的薁并不饱和五元环材料和薁并不饱和六元环材料集合了薁环和不饱和芳环所具有的优异的化学性能和物理性能。
以该薁并不饱和五元环或薁并不饱和六元环作为电子受体,配合给电子基团,形成的化合物的最低单重态S1与最低三重态T1之间的能级差较小,T1态激子可以逆向系间窜越至S1态,具有TADF材料发光机制。
在本发明一实施方式中,式I中Z环为苯环、噻吩环、呋喃环或吡啶环。
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式II结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式III结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式IV结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式V结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,D为含氮的给电子基。
在本发明一实施方式中,D选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,X、Y各自独立地选自碳原子、氮原子、氧原子、硫原子或硅原子中的一种;
R1、R2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20(例如1、2、3、5、6、8、10、12、13、15、16、18或20等)的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20(例如1、2、3、5、6、8、10、12、13、15、16、18或20等)的烷氧基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的二苯胺基中的任意一种,r、s各自独立地为0、1、2或3;
R3、R4各自独立地选自氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20(例如1、2、3、5、6、8、10、12、13、15、16、18或20等)的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20(例如1、2、3、5、6、8、10、12、13、15、16、18或20等)的烷氧基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的二苯胺基中的任意一种,p、q各自独立地为0、1或2;
#为基团的连接位点。
当X或Y为碳原子或硅原子时,p或q为2;
当X或Y为氮原子时,p或q为1;
当X或Y为氧原子或硫原子时,p或q为0。
在本发明一实施方式中,所述取代或未取代的苯基的结构式为所述取代或未取代的咔唑基的结构式为所述取代或未取代的二苯胺基的结构式为
其中,R5、R6、R7、R8各自独立地选自碳原子数为1-20(例如1、2、3、5、6、8、10、12、13、15、16、18或20等)的烷基、碳原子数为1-20(例如1、2、3、5、6、8、10、12、13、15、16、18或20等)的烷氧基、苯基中的任意一种;
u、v各自独立地为0、1、2或3;
##为基团的连接位点。
在本发明一实施方式中,D选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#为基团的连接位点。
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有如下任意一种结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有如下任意一种结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有如下任意一种结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物是具有如下任意一种结构的化合物:
在本发明一实施方式中,所述含薁环的化合物的最低单重态能级S1与最低三重态能级T1之间的能级差ΔEst=ES1-ET1≤0.3eV;例如可以是0.3eV、0.28eV、0.25eV、0.24eV、0.23eV、0.22eV、0.2eV、0.18eV、0.16eV、0.15eV、0.13eV、0.12eV、0.1eV、0.08eV、0.06eV、0.05eV或0.03eV等。
第二方面,本发明提供一种上述含薁环的化合物的用途,所述含薁环的化合物用作热活化延迟荧光材料。
第三方面,本发明提供一种有机光电装置,包括阳极、阴极,以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的一层或多层有机薄膜层;
且至少一层所述有机薄膜层中含有本发明第一方面提供的含薁环的化合物。
在本发明一实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层中至少包括一层发光层;
所述发光层包括主体材料和客体材料,所述发光层的主体材料或客体材料包括本发明第一方面提供的含薁环的化合物。
在本发明一实施方式中,所述有机薄膜层还包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层或电子注入层中的一种或至少两种的组合。
在本发明一实施方式中,所述有机光电装置包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极;
所述发光层的客体材料选自本发明第一方面提供的含薁环的化合物中的一种或至少两种的组合。
本发明实施例中通过电子给体化合物A和电子受体化合物之间的反应制备具有式I结构的含薁环的化合物,其中,电子给体化合物A的合成路线如下:
其中,代表
电子给体化合物A1的制备
合成路线如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
(1)将环庚三烯酚酮S1(10g,81.9mmol)溶于250mL甲苯中,然后加入二氯亚砜(10.7g,90mmol),有白色固体析出。将反应温度升至120℃,回流1.5h,白色固体消失,溶液变成红色。减压旋蒸掉过量的二氯亚砜和甲苯,得到棕色固体,柱层析分离[V(石油醚):V(乙酸乙酯)=5:1]后得到灰色固体,再加入石油醚回流,减压旋蒸掉石油醚得白色固体S210.5g,产率93%。
(2)将钠(4.0g,174mmol)溶解于120mL无水乙醇中,再加入化合物1,3-丙酮二羧酸二乙酯(4.34g,21.5mmol),得到乳白色溶液。将溶于10mL无水乙醇的S2(2.0g,14.3mmol)溶液迅速加入到上述体系中,体系变成砖红色溶液。在室温下搅拌反应12h后,加入200mL水,有橙色固体析出,然后过滤,得到橙色固体,然后溶于30mL冰乙酸中,加入100mL水稀释,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,浓缩后,柱层析[V(石油醚):V(乙酸乙酯)=5:1]分离得橙黄色固体S3 2.03g,产率49%。
(3)将化合物S3(500mg,1.74mmol)溶于15mL甲苯中,然后加入30%的K3PO4(3.21g,15.1mmol)水溶液,冰浴冷却至0℃后缓慢滴入三氟甲磺酸酐(671mg,2.38mmol),体系由黄色变为血红色。室温反应24℃,加入100ml水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,浓缩后,柱层析[V(石油醚):V(二氯甲烷)=1:1]分离得红色固体S4 1.42g,产率97%。
(4)向100mL反应管中依次加入化合物S4(500mg,1.19mmol)、苯硼酸(214mg,1.78mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(138mg,0.12mmol)和CS2CO3(1.16g,3.57mmol),抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入20mL重蒸的THF,4mL鼓泡后的水。然后升温至80℃搅拌反应10h。反应结束后将反应液倒入100ml水中,二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,浓缩后柱层析[V(石油醚):V(二氯甲烷)=4:1]分离得紫红色固体S5 342mg,产率98%。
(5)向100mL反应瓶中加入化合物S5(100mg,0.34mmol)、多聚磷酸PPA(40mmol)。然后升温至100℃搅拌反应6h,化合物S5逐渐扩散到整个体系中,体系颜色由红色变成灰色。反应结束后将反应液倒入100ml冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,浓缩后柱层析[V(石油醚):V(二氯甲烷)=2:3]分离得灰色固体A1 28mg,产率98%。
电子给体化合物A2的制备
合成路线如下:
具体合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,将替换为
电子给体化合物A3的制备
合成路线如下:
具体合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,步骤(5)的反应温度为150℃。
电子给体化合物A4的制备
合成路线如下:
具体合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,将替换为
电子给体化合物A5的制备
合成路线如下:
具体合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,将替换为
电子给体化合物A6的制备
合成路线如下:
具体合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,将替换为
电子给体化合物A7的制备
合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,将替换为
电子给体化合物A8的制备
合成步骤与电子给体化合物A1的区别在于,将替换为
制备例1
化合物M1的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤如下:
将化合物A1(10mmol)、化合物D1(21.5mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.05mmol)、叔丁醇钠(14mmol)、叔丁基膦(0.2mmol)投入50mL三口烧瓶中,一面搅拌,一面迅速反复3次脱气和氮气置换,通过注射器加入20mL甲苯。将该混合物在氮气气流下,加热回流3小时。反应结束后,放置冷却至室温,然后向反应溶液中添加水,利用二氯甲烷进行萃取,并利用饱和食盐水进行洗净。利用无水硫酸钠对有机层进行干燥后,将溶剂蒸馏去除,并使用柱层析法进行精制,获得目标产物M1(6.8mmol、产率68%)。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M1元素结构分析(分子式C29H17NO2):理论值(%):C,84.65;H,4.16;N,3.40;O,7.78。测试值(%):C,84.61;H,4.13;N,3.43;O,7.83。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:411.13,测试值:411.15。
制备例2
化合物M2的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2替换为A1。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M2元素结构分析(分子式C29H17NO2):理论值:C,84.65;H,4.16;N,3.40;O,7.78。测试值:C,84.62;H,4.19;N,3.41;O,7.81。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:411.13,测试值:411.09
制备例3
化合物M4的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物D1替换为D5。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M4元素结构分析(分子式C35H22N2O):理论值:C,86.40;H,4.56;N,5.76;O,3.29。测试值:C,86.38;H,4.52;N,5.79;O,3.32。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:486.17,测试值:486.15。
制备例4
化合物M5的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A1和D2。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M5元素结构分析(分子式C32H24N2O):理论值:C,84.93;H,5.35;N,6.19;O,3.54。测试值:C,84.95;H,5.38;N,6.16;O,3.51。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:452.19,测试值:452.14。
制备例5
化合物M7的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A3和D3。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M7元素结构分析(分子式C33H25NO):理论值:C,87.77;H,5.58;N,3.10;O,3.54。测试值:C,87.77;H,5.58;N,3.10;O,3.54。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:451.19,测试值:451.11。
制备例6
化合物M10的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A1和D4。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M10元素结构分析(分子式C41H27NOSi):理论值:C,85.23;H,4.71;N,2.42;O,2.77;Si,4.86。测试值:C,85.13;H,4.78;N,2.48;O,2.82。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:577.19,测试值:577.15。
制备例7
化合物M17的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A6和D5。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M17元素结构分析(分子式C30H22N2OS):理论值:C,78.57;H,4.84;N,6.11;O,3.49;S,6.99。测试值:C,78.61;H,4.85;N,6.09;O,3.48。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:458.15,测试值:458.18。
制备例8
化合物M20的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A6和D7。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M20元素结构分析(分子式C33H17NO2S):理论值:C,80.63;H,3.49;N,2.85;O,6.51;S,6.52。测试值:C,80.41;H,3.45;N,2.94;O,6.59。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:491.10,测试值:491.25。
制备例9
化合物M22的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A5和D8。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M22元素结构分析(分子式C51H33N3OS):理论值:C,83.24;H,4.52;N,5.71;O,2.17;S,4.36。测试值:C,83.75;H,4.45;N,5.75;O,2.16。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:735.23,测试值:735.65。
制备例10
化合物M24的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A6和D9。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M24元素结构分析(分子式C39H22N2OS):理论值:C,82.66;H,3.91;N,4.94;O,2.82;S,5.66。测试值:C,82.25;H,3.89;N,4.95;O,2.84。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:566.15,测试值:566.42。
制备例11
化合物M27的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A5和D6。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M27元素结构分析(分子式C29H19NO3S):理论值:C,75.47;H,4.15;N,3.03;O,10.40;S,6.95。测试值:C,75.14;H,4.19;N,3.10;O,10.19。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:461.11,测试值:461.58。
制备例12
化合物M35的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A7和D3。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M35元素结构分析(分子式C30H22N2O2):理论值:C,81.43;H,5.01;N,6.33;O,7.23。测试值:C,81.31;H,5.09;N,6.38;O,7.28。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:442.17,测试值:442.54。
制备例13
化合物M57的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体的合成步骤,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物A2和D1分别替换为A8和D3。
采用元素分析仪对化合物M57元素结构分析(分子式C31H22N2O):理论值:C,84.91;H,5.06;N,6.39;O,3.65。测试值:C,84.72;H,5.11;N,6.46;O,3.72。
通过液相质谱联用分析得ESI-MS(m/z)(M+):理论值:438.17,测试值:438.45。
利用Gaussian 09软件对本发明制备例提供的具有式I结构的含薁环的化合物的HOMO(最高占据分子轨道)能级、LUMO(最低未占分子轨道)能级、最低单重态能级ES1、最低三重态能级ET1进行模拟计算,结果如下表1所示:
表1
表1中,ΔEst=ES1-ET1,Eg为HOMO-LUMO能级差。
由表1可以看出,所有化合物的ΔEST均小于0.3eV,具有较小的单线态和三线态能级差,有利于反向系间窜越,具有延迟荧光效应。
下文中,本发明将通过如下实施例进行详细解释以便更好地理解本发明的各个方面及其优点。然而,应当理解,以下的实施例是非限制性的而且仅用于说明本发明的某些实施方案。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种有机发光器件。如图1所示,有机发光器件包括:玻璃基板1、ITO阳极2、第一空穴传输层3、第二空穴传输层4、发光层5、第一电子传输层6、第二电子传输层7、阴极8(镁银电极,镁银质量比为9:1)和盖帽层9(CPL),其中ITO阳极2的厚度是15nm,第一空穴传输层3的厚度是10nm、第二空穴传输层4的厚度是95nm、发光层5的厚度是30nm、第一电子传输层6的厚度是35nm、第二电子传输层7的厚度是5nm、阴极8的厚度是15nm和阴极覆盖层9(盖帽层或CPL)的厚度是100nm。
本实施例的有机发光器件的制备步骤如下:
1)将ITO阳极2和玻璃基板1的复合材料切成50mm×50mm×0.7mm的大小,分别在异丙醇和去离子水中超声处理30分钟,然后暴露在臭氧下约10分钟来进行清洁;将所得的具有ITO阳极的玻璃基板安装到真空沉积设备上;
2)在ITO阳极层2上,通过真空蒸镀方式蒸镀第一空穴传输层材料HAT-CN,厚度为10nm,该层作为第一空穴传输层3;
3)在第一空穴传输层3上真空蒸镀第二空穴传输层材料TAPC,厚度为95nm,作为第二空穴传输层4;
4)空穴传输层4上共沉积发光层5,其中,化合物M1作为客体材料,DBP作为主体材料,DBP和化合物M1的质量比为19:1,厚度为30nm;
5)在发光层5上真空蒸镀第一电子传输层6,第一电子传输层6的材料为BPhen,厚度为35nm;
6)在第一电子传输层6上真空蒸镀第二电子传输层7,第二电子传输层7的材料为Alq3,厚度为5nm;
7)在第二电子传输层7上真空蒸镀镁银电极,其中,质量比Mg:Ag为9:1,厚度为15nm,作为阴极8;
8)在阴极8上真空蒸镀高折射率的空穴型材料CBP,厚度为100nm,作为阴极覆盖层9(盖帽层或CPL)使用。
其中,所用材料的简称对应的结构式如下:
实施例2
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M2。
实施例3
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M4。
实施例4
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M5。
实施例5
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M17。
实施例6
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M20。
实施例7
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M22。
实施例8
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M24。
实施例9
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M35。
实施例10
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物M57。
对比例1
提供一种有机发光器件,与实施例1的区别在于,将化合物M1替换为化合物DBP。
有机光电装置的性能评价:
用Keithley 2365A数字纳伏表测试实施例1-12和对比例1中提供的有机光电装置在不同电压下的电流,然后用电流除以发光面积得到有机光电装置的在不同电压下的电流密度。用Konicaminolta CS-2000分光辐射亮度计测试根据测试例以及对比例制作的有机光电装置在不同电压下的亮度和辐射能流密度。根据有机光电装置在不同电压下的电流密度和亮度,得到在相同电流密度下(10mA/cm2)的电流效率(CE,单位Cd/A)和外量子效率EQE,结果如下表2所示:
表2
由表2的结果可以看出,相较于对比例1,以本发明提供的含薁环的化合物作为发光层客体材料的有机发光器件的驱动电压更低,电流效率和外量子效率更高,其在10mA/cm2电流密度下的驱动电压≤4.3V,电流效率≥13Cd/A,外量子效率≥7%。表明本发明提供的含薁环的化合物能够作为热活化延迟荧光材料用于有机发光器件中,有效提高器件效率,降低器件功耗。
申请人声明,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (18)

1.一种含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式I结构的化合物:
式I中,Z环为不饱和五元环或不饱和六元环,D为给电子基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,式I中Z环为苯环、噻吩环、呋喃环或吡啶环。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式II结构的化合物:
4.根据权利要求1所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式III结构的化合物:
5.根据权利要求1所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式IV结构的化合物:
6.根据权利要求1所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有式V结构的化合物:
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,D为含氮的给电子基。
8.根据权利要求7所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,D选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,X、Y各自独立地选自碳原子、氮原子、氧原子、硫原子或硅原子中的一种;
R1、R2各自独立地选自取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的二苯胺基中的任意一种,r、s各自独立地为0、1、2或3;
R3、R4各自独立地选自氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的二苯胺基中的任意一种,p、q各自独立地为0、1或2;
#为基团的连接位点。
9.根据权利要求8所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述取代或未取代的苯基的结构式为所述取代或未取代的咔唑基的结构式为所述取代或未取代的二苯胺基的结构式为
其中,R5、R6、R7、R8各自独立地选自碳原子数为1-20的烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、苯基中的任意一种;
u、v各自独立地为0、1、2或3;
##为基团的连接位点。
10.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,D选自如下基团中的任意一种:
其中,#为基团的连接位点。
11.根据权利要求3或4所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有如下任意一种结构的化合物:
12.根据权利要求5或6所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物是具有如下任意一种结构的化合物:
13.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的含薁环的化合物,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物的最低单重态能级S1与最低三重态能级T1之间的能级差ΔEst=ES1-ET1≤0.3eV。
14.一种如权利要求1-13任一项所述的含薁环的化合物的用途,其特征在于,所述含薁环的化合物用作热活化延迟荧光材料。
15.一种有机光电装置,其特征在于,所述有机光电装置包括阳极、阴极,以及位于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的一层或多层有机薄膜层;
且至少一层所述有机薄膜层中含有权利要求1-13任一项所述的含薁环的化合物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的有机光电装置,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层中至少包括一层发光层;
所述发光层包括主体材料和客体材料,所述发光层的主体材料或客体材料包括权利要求1-13任一项所述的含薁环的化合物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的有机光电装置,其特征在于,所述有机薄膜层还包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层或电子注入层中的一种或至少两种的组合。
18.根据权利要求16所述的有机光电装置,其特征在于,所述有机光电装置包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极;
所述发光层的客体材料选自权利要求1-13任一项所述的含薁环的化合物中的一种或至少两种的组合。
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CN114890858B (zh) * 2022-06-07 2023-10-27 西湖大学 含薁稠环芳烃材料及其合成方法、荧光元器件

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