CN110104785A - A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant - Google Patents
A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN110104785A CN110104785A CN201910248614.4A CN201910248614A CN110104785A CN 110104785 A CN110104785 A CN 110104785A CN 201910248614 A CN201910248614 A CN 201910248614A CN 110104785 A CN110104785 A CN 110104785A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The present invention relates to water pollution controls and water ecology to repair field, disclose the configuration and management method of a kind of biological floating bed plant, including being divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area for biological floating bed, Water cultivating area sets gradually the first Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area from the inside to the outside, high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is planted in first Water cultivating area, second Water cultivating area plantation in high stalk type emergent aquactic plant, third Water cultivating area plantation in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant；High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in 7~August part and December, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant once gathered in 6~August part；Underwater growing area is colonized submerged plant, and submerged plant is once gathered in 11~December.Present invention can assure that biological floating bed have throughout the year lasting pollution clean-up effect, the invasion of weeds especially Alien Invasive Plants alternanthera philoxeroides can be obstructed, plant can also be effectively prevent to lodge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water pollution control and water ecology repair field, more particularly to a kind of matching for biological floating bed plant
It sets and management method.
Background technique
Biological floating bed is a kind of Water Ecological Recovery technology being derived by modern agronomy hydroponics technology, generally also by
Referred to as ecological floating island, biologic float bed, artificial floating bed, artificial floating island or biological floating island.In recent years, with China's water prevention and cure of pollution
Work is pushed forward comprehensively, and this ecological reestablishment for being known as " water garden " by reputation has obtained very extensively in many areas in China
General application.For engineering measure, the biological floating bed main distinction with natural plants purification is: biological floating bed to use gently
Material fixes water plant and growth of bubbling through the water column to high-density.It is very how excellent that this technological means imparts floating bed technology
Gesture is mainly reflected in: (1) the selection space such as floristics, setting area is big, and the profundal zone for being unfavorable for plant growth is such as arranged in；
(2) very little is influenced by SEA LEVEL VARIATION, the depth of water, water flow etc.；(3) whole design is carried out easily in conjunction with water landscape, ornamental value is expanded empty
Between it is big.
Plant is one of the mostly important building of biological floating bed system and functional imperative, the configuration of biological floating bed plant and pipe
Whether reason method is reasonable, is directly related to biological floating bed pollution detergent power and long-term effect, water ecology revegetation potentiality and life
State landscape effect.But biological floating bed common there are plants configurations more casual, the management method of current institute, China development and application
It is more extensive, plant is often only laid particular emphasis on to the optical absorption Red shift and ornamental value of pollutant, has ignored and water ecology is restored
It is the plant rhizosphere effect and weed invasion (especially Alien Invasive Plants alternanthera philoxeroides) that have an important influence on, biological floating bed
The problems such as stability (such as unbalance stress), plant lodging, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, later maintenance administrative convenience.
Currently, number of patent application is CN201610008484.3 patent of invention, disclose a kind of based on biological floating bed water
Body ecological restoring method discloses biological floating bed plants configuration measure: two growing areas are divided into biological floating bed plantation, the
Emergent aquactic plant is planted in one water plant area, plants floatingleaved plant (the chrysanthemum fire hose) or submerged plant in the second water plant planting area
(watermifoil).The effect as described in the patent document, the plants configuration measure enhance biological floating bed whole landscape
Effect.But since two growing areas are arranged on the water surface, the emergent aquactic plant stalk in the first growing area is tall and big, and second
Floating leaf or submerged plant stalk in growing area are again very short and small and can spread growth outward, inevitably result in view stereovision not
By force (high and low fall is too big), the first growing area plant easily lodge, later maintenance management it is inconvenient (as because of the second growing area plant extension
Grow and be difficult to enter the first growing area and safeguarded) the problems such as；In addition, the setting in the second floating leaf or submerged plant planting area
Necessarily lead to the diminution of the first growing area emergent aquactic plant cultivated area, the purification efficiency of floating bed unit area extremely may therefore not
Increase counter subtract.On the other hand, a large amount of engineering practices discovery, the chrysanthemum fire hose or submerged plant also easily by Alien Invasive Plants especially
The invasion of alternanthera philoxeroides, this also brings difficulty to later maintenance management.
At the same time, which also discloses in biological floating bed bottom hung rope form carbon fibre ecological grass, utilizes
The effect that the ecological grass serves as biofilm carrier further increases biological floating bed pollution clean-up effect, but carbon fibre is ecological
Grass is made by synthetic material, and cost of manufacture is high, and pollution purification depends on the oxidation of microorganism attached to it
Degradation, extremely limited to the detergent power of nitrogen, phosphorus substance, in addition, the material needs to be suspended on biological floating bed bottom, installation is made
Industry is inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to disadvantages mentioned above existing in the prior art, provides the configuration and management of a kind of biological floating bed plant
Stratification of landscapes sense can be enhanced in method, plants configuration of the invention and management method, and it is net to further increase biological floating bed pollution
Change effect, effectively prevent the invasion of Alien Invasive Plants alternanthera philoxeroides, plant can also be effectively prevent to lodge, is convenient for the later period pair
The maintenance management of plant.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is addressed by following technical proposals:
A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant, comprising:
It is divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area by biological floating bed, Water cultivating area sets gradually first from the inside to the outside
Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area, the first Water cultivating area are arranged in biological floating bed centre bit
It sets, the setting of the second Water cultivating area is arranged in the first Water cultivating area outside, third Water cultivating area in the second Water cultivating
Area outside plants high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the first Water cultivating area, and high stalk type endures water plant in the plantation of the second Water cultivating area
Object, third Water cultivating area plantation in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant；
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in 7~August part and December, in it is low
Stalk type emergent aquactic plant is once gathered in 6~August part；
At the underwater 0.5~1.5m of biological floating bed peripheral frame, underwater growing area is colonized heavy water and plants for underwater growing area setting
Object, field planting method are as follows:
By submerged plant field planting on geotechnological straw mats, obtains geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end and life
The connection of state floating bed periphery frame, geotechnological straw mats are planted the raw body other end and are connect with body is aggravated, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and sink under the water；
Submerged plant is once gathered in 11~December.
Preferably, the initial seeding density of the high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the first Water cultivating area is 18~27 plants/m2,
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is 9~18 plants/m in second Water cultivating area2, in third Water cultivating area
The initial seeding density of low stalk type emergent aquactic plant is 27~36 plants/m2, the initial plantation density of submerged plant in underwater growing area
For 30~100 plants/m2。
Preferably, high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is canna glauca or arrow leaf mullet grass, middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are drought
Umbrella grass, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant be evergreen aquatic iris, submerged plant be eel grass, waterweed, water caltrop, hornwort and black algae in
One or more.
Preferably, the area ratio in the first Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area be 1:2~
3:1.5~2.
Preferably, geotechnological straw mats are the three-dimensional wire side structured soil geosynthetics as made of plastic processing, geotechnological straw mats
Width be 5~15cm, length be 0.5~1.5m, with a thickness of 5~20mm.
Preferably, aggravating body is stone or brick, aggravates body and be used to sink under the water geotechnological straw mats plant raw body, stone
To ensure that geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and can sink under the water with the weight of brick.
The present invention is set as Water cultivating area and underwater growing area for biological floating bed, and wherein Water cultivating area is arranged from inside to outside
At three growing areas, and successively plant high stalk type emergent aquactic plant, middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant and in low stalk emergent aquactic plant.The present invention
Plant configuration and management method comprehensively considered the habit (such as growth period and florescence) of plant, morphological feature (such as strain
Body height), pollution detergent power, strain body weight, rhizosphere microorganism effect, landscape effect, lodging tolerance, later maintenance management
Etc. factors, and optimize zone configuration accordingly.Using the configuration and management method of the plant, not only may insure biological floating bed
With throughout the year lasting pollution clean-up effect, outermost evergreen aquatic iris remains to play purification of water quality ability when such as winter,
Form the clearly demarcated three-dimensional waterborne landscape of height；Plant can also be effectively prevent to lodge, such as outermost aquatic iris strain body is opposite
Shorter, leaf narrow short, not only capacity of anti-storm itself is stronger, while can buffer stormy waves in the first Water cultivating area and the
The impact of the plant in two Water cultivating areas.
Underwater growing area is arranged in biological floating bed peripheral frame in the present invention, can make biological floating bed physical feature obtain into
One step, which is expanded, to be utilized, meanwhile, the growth of the submerged plant of underwater growing area field planting will not be by biological floating bed physical feature and Yi Shui
The influence of upper plant shading can not only significantly improve the biological floating bed biomass of unit area and purification of water quality ability, moreover it is possible to
Underwater submerged plant buffer belt is formed in biological floating bed surrounding, barrier weeds especially Alien Invasive Plants alternanthera philoxeroides enters
It invades.At the same time, the oxygen that the photosynthesis of submerged plant is discharged can be again Water cultivating area plant rhizosphere microbe
Biodegrade conversion provides sufficient oxygen source, to further increase the biological floating bed effect to purify water.
The present invention by submerged plant be colonized on geotechnological straw mats, simply and synchronously realize submerged plant field planting and
The installation of biofilm packing: on the one hand, tridimensional network specific to geotechnological straw mats can function similarly to biologic packing material, carbon
The effect of these water process special bio membrane carriers of cellulose fiber ecological grass；On the other hand, the particle in intercepted adsorbed water body
Object and it is formed by biomembrane again and can provided for the growth of submerged plant the fixation nutrient source for being similar to plantation Nutrition Soil, makes to sink
The survival rate of water plant is high, growing way is good.
In addition, relative to biologic packing material, carbon fibre ecological grass these water process special biomembrane fillers, geotechnological straw mats
Cost is relatively low, and the service life is longer, is 20 years or more, and fabrication and installation are more convenient, need to only be colonized submerged plant
Geotechnological straw mats are obtained on geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end is then fixed on biological floating bed peripheral frame
On, geotechnological straw mats plant the raw body other end and sink under the water.
The growth cycle of canna glauca, arrow leaf mullet grass and cyperus alternifolius is long, strain body highest when growing into 7~August part, only
The decline of change ability, and it is easy to appear lodging, the energy fast-growth after the harvesting of 7~August part, to accelerate to pollutant in water body
Transfer, but above-mentioned plant enter winter after gradually wither, December harvesting nutriment can be prevented to be re-released into water body
In.
Evergreen aquatic iris is to like cold property plant, and winter grows fine and preferable purification of water quality and landscape can be kept to imitate
Fruit is biological floating bed common water plant.But the plant high-temperature resistance is weak, will stop giving birth in summer 7~August part plant
Long, plant appearance is withered and yellow, and crown rot easily occurs at this time and causes plant withered and lodging.The present invention is withered in 7~August part plant
Evergreen aquatic iris is gathered in when yellow, harvesting relatively convenient can be effectively controlled the generation of crown rot, be also beneficial to summer high temperature
The quick tiller of plant afterwards.
The growth cycle of submerged plant is long, and being gathered in 11~December neither influences it to weeds, especially it is external enter
The barrier of hollow plant alternanthera is invaded, and its transfer to pollutant in water body can be accelerated.
The present invention is due to using above technical scheme, with significant technical effect:
The configuration and management method of plant of the invention can significantly improve unit area biological floating bed biomass and water
Matter detergent power, it is ensured that it is biological floating bed that there is throughout the year lasting pollution clean-up effect, stratification of landscapes sense can be enhanced, it can be in life
State floating bed surrounding forms underwater submerged plant buffer belt, obstructs the invasion of weeds especially Alien Invasive Plants alternanthera philoxeroides,
Plant can also be effectively prevent to lodge；In addition, submerged plant is colonized on geotechnological straw mats by the present invention, it can be simple and synchronous
Ground realizes the field planting of submerged plant and the installation of biofilm packing.
The configuration of biological floating bed plant of the invention and management method are growth characteristics, the root zone effect, dirt for plant
Dye purification, the factors such as landscape need are determined respectively, and the configuration and management method not only contribute to turn of pollutant in water body
It moves, avoids secondary pollution and pest and disease damage from occurring, it may also be ensured that biological floating bed maintenance four seasons ecoscape.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant, comprising:
It is divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area by biological floating bed, Water cultivating area sets gradually first from the inside to the outside
Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area, the first Water cultivating area are arranged in biological floating bed centre bit
It sets, the setting of the second Water cultivating area is arranged in the first Water cultivating area outside, third Water cultivating area in the second Water cultivating
Area outside plants high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the first Water cultivating area, and high stalk type endures water plant in the plantation of the second Water cultivating area
Object, third Water cultivating area plantation in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant；
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in July and December, in low stalk
Type emergent aquactic plant is once gathered in August part；
At the underwater 0.5~1.5m of biological floating bed peripheral frame, underwater growing area is colonized heavy water and plants for underwater growing area setting
Object, field planting method are as follows:
By submerged plant field planting on geotechnological straw mats, obtains geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end and life
The connection of state floating bed periphery frame, geotechnological straw mats are planted the raw body other end and are connect with body is aggravated, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and sink under the water；
Submerged plant is once gathered in December.
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in first Water cultivating area is 20 plants/m2, the second Water cultivating
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is 15 plants/m in area2, low stalk type emergent aquactic plant in third Water cultivating area
Initial seeding density be 30 plants/m2, the initial plantation density of submerged plant is 50 plants/m in underwater growing area2。
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant be canna glauca, middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant be cyperus alternifolius, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant
For evergreen aquatic iris, submerged plant is eel grass, waterweed, water caltrop, hornwort and black algae.
The area ratio in the first Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area is 1:2:1.5.
Geotechnological straw mats are the three-dimensional wire side structured soil geosynthetics as made of plastic processing, and the width of geotechnological straw mats is 5
~15cm, length is 0.5~1.5m, with a thickness of 5~20mm.
Exacerbation body is stone, aggravates body and is used to sink under the water geotechnological straw mats plant raw body, the weight of stone will ensure geotechnique
Straw mats, which plant raw body, to sink under the water.
Comparative example 1
Biological floating bed same embodiment 1, except that biological floating bed do not set underwater growing area, biological floating bed upper only plantation beauty
People any of several broadleaf plants, the initial seeding density of canna are 20 plants/m2, canna respectively once gathered in July and December.
Comparative example 2
The configuration of biological floating bed plant and management method are with embodiment 1, except that biological floating bed do not set underwater plantation
Area.
In the configuration and management method of the biological floating bed upper biological floating bed plant for implementing embodiment 1 and comparative example 1-2 respectively,
Then by the biological floating bed comparative study for carrying out pilot-scale, the processing time is 20 days, is calculated biological floating bed to main in water body
Want the removal rate of pollutant (ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus), wherein raw sewage ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration be respectively 9.2,
10.5 and 1.2mg/L, the results are shown in Table 1.
The removal rate (%) of 1 embodiment 1 of table and comparative example 1-2 to major pollutants in water body
As shown in Table 1, using the configuration and management method of the biological floating bed plant of embodiment 1, to nitrogen, the phosphorus object in water body
Matter removal effect is significantly better than comparative example 1-2.Therefore, the configuration of plant of the invention and management method can significantly improve ecology
The purification of water quality ability of floating bed, it is ensured that biological floating bed that there is throughout the year lasting pollution clean-up effect.
Embodiment 2
A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant, comprising:
It is divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area by biological floating bed, Water cultivating area sets gradually first from the inside to the outside
Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area, the first Water cultivating area are arranged in biological floating bed centre bit
It sets, the setting of the second Water cultivating area is arranged in the first Water cultivating area outside, third Water cultivating area in the second Water cultivating
Area outside plants high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the first Water cultivating area, and high stalk type endures water plant in the plantation of the second Water cultivating area
Object, third Water cultivating area plantation in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant；
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in August part and December, in low stalk
Type emergent aquactic plant is once gathered in July；
At the underwater 0.5~1.5m of biological floating bed peripheral frame, underwater growing area is colonized heavy water and plants for underwater growing area setting
Object, field planting method are as follows:
By submerged plant field planting on geotechnological straw mats, obtains geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end and life
The connection of state floating bed periphery frame, geotechnological straw mats are planted the raw body other end and are connect with body is aggravated, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and sink under the water；
Submerged plant is once gathered in November.
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in first Water cultivating area is 18 plants/m2, the second Water cultivating
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is 9 plants/m in area2, low stalk type emergent aquactic plant in third Water cultivating area
Initial seeding density is 27 plants/m2, the initial plantation density of submerged plant is 30 plants/m in underwater growing area2。
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant be canna glauca, middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant be cyperus alternifolius, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant
For evergreen aquatic iris, submerged plant is eel grass and black algae.
The area ratio in the first Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area is 1:2:2.
Geotechnological straw mats are the three-dimensional wire side structured soil geosynthetics as made of plastic processing, and the width of geotechnological straw mats is 5
~15cm, length is 0.5~1.5m, with a thickness of 5~20mm.
Exacerbation body is stone, aggravates body and is used to sink under the water geotechnological straw mats plant raw body, the weight of stone will ensure geotechnique
Straw mats, which plant raw body, to sink under the water.
It is applied to the configuration of the present embodiment and the plant of comparative example 1 and management method to administer Huzhou City Changxing County, Zhejiang Province river
Road, after 1 year field investigation find, the present embodiment it is biological floating bed it is upper do not occur Alien Invasive Plants and plant lodging phenomenon,
And comparative example 1 it is biological floating bed on there is alternanthera philoxeroides and largely invade, part of canna glauca lodges.
Embodiment 3
A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant, comprising:
It is divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area by biological floating bed, Water cultivating area sets gradually first from the inside to the outside
Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area, the first Water cultivating area are arranged in biological floating bed centre bit
It sets, the setting of the second Water cultivating area is arranged in the first Water cultivating area outside, third Water cultivating area in the second Water cultivating
Area outside plants high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the first Water cultivating area, and high stalk type endures water plant in the plantation of the second Water cultivating area
Object, third Water cultivating area plantation in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant；
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in August part and December, in low stalk
Type emergent aquactic plant is once gathered in June；
At the underwater 0.5~1.5m of biological floating bed peripheral frame, underwater growing area is colonized heavy water and plants for underwater growing area setting
Object, field planting method are as follows:
By submerged plant field planting on geotechnological straw mats, obtains geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end and life
The connection of state floating bed periphery frame, geotechnological straw mats are planted the raw body other end and are connect with body is aggravated, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and sink under the water；
Submerged plant is once gathered in December.
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in first Water cultivating area is 27 plants/m2, the second Water cultivating
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is 18 plants/m in area2, low stalk type emergent aquactic plant in third Water cultivating area
Initial seeding density be 36 plants/m2, the initial plantation density of submerged plant is 100 plants/m in underwater growing area2。
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant be canna glauca, middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant be cyperus alternifolius, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant
For evergreen aquatic iris, submerged plant is waterweed.
The area ratio in the first Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area is 1:3:1.5.
Geotechnological straw mats are the three-dimensional wire side structured soil geosynthetics as made of plastic processing, and the width of geotechnological straw mats is 5
~15cm, length is 0.5~1.5m, with a thickness of 5~20mm.
Exacerbation body is stone, aggravates body and is used to sink under the water geotechnological straw mats plant raw body, the weight of stone will ensure geotechnique
Straw mats, which plant raw body, to sink under the water.
The configuration of the present embodiment and the plant of comparative example 1 and management method are applied to Jiaxing City Nanhu District river, one
Field investigation is found after year, the present embodiment it is biological floating bed it is upper there are not Alien Invasive Plants and plant lodging phenomenon, and it is right
Ratio 1 it is biological floating bed on there is alternanthera philoxeroides and largely invade, part of canna glauca lodges.
Embodiment 4
A kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant, comprising:
It is divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area by biological floating bed, Water cultivating area sets gradually first from the inside to the outside
Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area, the first Water cultivating area are arranged in biological floating bed centre bit
It sets, the setting of the second Water cultivating area is arranged in the first Water cultivating area outside, third Water cultivating area in the second Water cultivating
Area outside plants high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the first Water cultivating area, and high stalk type endures water plant in the plantation of the second Water cultivating area
Object, third Water cultivating area plantation in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant；
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in July and December, in low stalk
Type emergent aquactic plant is once gathered in July；
At the underwater 0.5~1.5m of biological floating bed peripheral frame, underwater growing area is colonized heavy water and plants for underwater growing area setting
Object, field planting method are as follows:
By submerged plant field planting on geotechnological straw mats, obtains geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end and life
The connection of state floating bed periphery frame, geotechnological straw mats are planted the raw body other end and are connect with body is aggravated, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and sink under the water；
Submerged plant is once gathered in December.
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in first Water cultivating area is 24 plants/m2, the second Water cultivating
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is 12 plants/m in area2, low stalk type emergent aquactic plant in third Water cultivating area
Initial seeding density be 33 plants/m2, the initial plantation density of submerged plant is 75 plants/m in underwater growing area2。
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant be canna glauca, middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant be cyperus alternifolius, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant
For evergreen aquatic iris, submerged plant is water caltrop, hornwort and black algae.
The area ratio in the first Water cultivating area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area is 1:2:2.
Geotechnological straw mats are the three-dimensional wire side structured soil geosynthetics as made of plastic processing, and the width of geotechnological straw mats is 5
~15cm, length is 0.5~1.5m, with a thickness of 5~20mm.
Exacerbation body is brick, aggravates body and is used to sink under the water geotechnological straw mats plant raw body, the weight of brick will ensure geotechnique
Straw mats, which plant raw body, to sink under the water.
The configuration of the present embodiment and the plant of comparative example 1 and management method are applied to reported in Tianhe district of Guangzhou river, one
Field investigation is found after year, the present embodiment it is biological floating bed it is upper there are not Alien Invasive Plants and plant lodging phenomenon, and it is right
Ratio 1 it is biological floating bed on there is alternanthera philoxeroides and largely invade, part of canna glauca lodges.
In short, the foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is all according to equalization made by scope of the present invention patent
Variation and modification, shall all be covered by the patent of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of configuration and management method of biological floating bed plant characterized by comprising
It is divided into Water cultivating area and underwater growing area by biological floating bed, it is waterborne that Water cultivating area sets gradually first from the inside to the outside
Growing area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area, the first Water cultivating area are arranged in biological floating bed center, the
The setting of two Water cultivating areas is arranged in the first Water cultivating area outside, third Water cultivating area in the second Water cultivating area periphery
It encloses, high stalk type emergent aquactic plant, high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the plantation of the second Water cultivating area, third is planted in the first Water cultivating area
Low stalk type emergent aquactic plant in the plantation of Water cultivating area；
High stalk type emergent aquactic plant and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant are respectively once gathered in 7~August part and December, in low stalk type
Emergent aquactic plant is once gathered in 6~August part；
At the underwater 0.5~1.5m of biological floating bed peripheral frame, underwater growing area is colonized submerged plant, fixed for underwater growing area setting
Plant method are as follows:
By submerged plant field planting on geotechnological straw mats, obtains geotechnological straw mats and plant raw body, geotechnological straw mats plant raw body one end and ecology is floating
The peripheral frame connection of bed, geotechnological straw mats are planted the raw body other end and are connect with body is aggravated, and geotechnological straw mats plant raw body and sink under the water；
Submerged plant is once gathered in 11~December.
2. the configuration and management method of a kind of biological floating bed plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: first is waterborne
The initial seeding density of high stalk type emergent aquactic plant in growing area is 18~27 plants/m2, high stalk type in the second Water cultivating area
The initial seeding density of emergent aquactic plant is 9~18 plants/m2, the initial plantation of low stalk type emergent aquactic plant in third Water cultivating area
Density is 27~36 plants/m2, the initial plantation density of submerged plant is 30~100 plants/m in underwater growing area2。
3. the configuration and management method of a kind of biological floating bed plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: high stalk type is endured
Water plant is canna glauca or arrow leaf mullet grass, and middle high stalk type emergent aquactic plant is cyperus alternifolius, in low stalk type emergent aquactic plant be normal
Clear water gives birth to iris, submerged plant be one of eel grass, waterweed, water caltrop, hornwort and black algae or more than one.
4. the configuration and management method of a kind of biological floating bed plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: first is waterborne
The area ratio of growing area, the second Water cultivating area and third Water cultivating area is 1:2~3:1.5~2.
5. the configuration and management method of a kind of biological floating bed plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: geotechnological straw mats
For the three-dimensional wire side structured soil geosynthetics as made of plastic processing, the width of geotechnological straw mats is 5~15cm, length 0.5
~1.5m, with a thickness of 5~20mm.
6. the configuration and management method of a kind of biological floating bed plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: aggravating body is
Stone or brick aggravate body and are used to sink under the water geotechnological straw mats plant raw body.
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Application publication date: 20190809 |