CN1100988C - 监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents

监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1100988C
CN1100988C CN98117333A CN98117333A CN1100988C CN 1100988 C CN1100988 C CN 1100988C CN 98117333 A CN98117333 A CN 98117333A CN 98117333 A CN98117333 A CN 98117333A CN 1100988 C CN1100988 C CN 1100988C
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冯国蕾
李梅
何凤琴
赵章成
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种监测害虫对杀虫剂抗性的试纸片及其制法,特征在于:将生物工程中使用的定性滤纸经过含有底物(α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯)或同时含有底物和一种有机磷杀虫剂的丙酮(酒精)液浸泡和晾干处理,在进行害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的测定时,基层单位不再需要备有底物α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯及标准有机磷杀虫剂等,而仅需将虫体匀浆液点在该试纸上便可快捷方便地测出其抗性,且监测结果准确,保留时间长。

Description

监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种监测害虫对杀虫剂抗性的试纸及其制法,特别是涉及一种监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸及其制备方法。
背景技术:
害虫是农业的天敌,人们在实施杀灭某一害虫时,如果所施用杀虫剂的剂量低于该害虫对此杀虫剂的抗性,则达不到杀灭害虫的目的;如果施用的杀虫剂剂量过大,在造成不必要浪费的同时,也会增加对环境的不必要污染,所以测定害虫对杀虫剂的抗性水平十分重要。
有机磷杀虫剂的种类很多,其结构也各有所不同,有的含P=O键,也有的含P=S键;有的含苯环,有的不含苯环,有的是双乙基,有的是双甲基或丙基等等。它们对害虫的作用机制也有所不同。因此害虫对不同类型有机磷杀虫剂所显示的抗性水平不用。目前广泛使用的监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的手段有如下几种:
一.  生物测定法:
用不同浓度的有机磷(5-7个浓度)的丙酮液,以点滴、喷雾或浸渍的方法与害虫接触。经24小时或48小时后观察死亡率,计算致死中剂量(LD50)或致死中浓度(LC50),以比较害虫对杀虫剂的抗性水平。这种方法常需要大量的标准虫,测定条件也较苛刻,只能在实验室的恒温、恒湿和一定光照条件下才能得出满意的结果;同时易受其它因素的干扰,特别在抗性个体频率产生微小改变时,LD-P线中的LD50和b值不会有明显的改变。因此获得的结果总是滞后于抗性的发展速度,也不可能用LD50或LC50值预测抗性。
随着抗药性问题的日趋普遍和严重,人们对抗性监测的要求是快速、简易,不但能监测抗性水平的动态变化,而且特别希望进行早期预警,及时采取措施以防抗性发展,因此,此生物测定的方法不能满足人们对害虫抗性监测的需求。
二.  生化测定方法:
根据Pasteur et al(1998),Abdel-Aal et al(1990),Feng et al(1996)和李梅等(1997)等文献,在研究蚜虫,蚊虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性机理的基础上,明确了蚜虫体内α-萘酯酶或β-萘酯酶活力的增加是抗性的主要原因。提出了用滤纸作为载体测定非特异性酯酶的生化方法:
1.滤纸酯酶斑点法
①制备虫体匀浆液
单个成蚜(或家蝇成虫头,或个体害虫)放在试管内(5cm×0.5cm)。加50-100微升含有0.5%的Triton100的0.2mo1/L PH7.4的磷酸缓冲液,用玻璃棒匀浆,而后虫体匀浆液液面上放一小块擦镜纸以防虫体渣污染滤纸斑点;
②每头取出2微升上清夜分别点在13cm×6cm的Whatman 1号滤纸上,每张
点10头;
③放入含有底物为0.1%乙酸萘酯(α-NA)的磷酸缓冲液中浸泡2分钟,
取出在水中漂洗,用吸水纸吸干;
④将滤纸片放入含有0.15%牢固蓝RR或GBC或牢固蓝B的水溶液中浸泡
2分钟,现出藕紫色斑点或粉色斑点,用水漂洗;
⑤放在10%的冰醋酸水溶液内浸泡数分钟,取出放在吸水纸中待干;
⑥用便携式的RCP光密度计进行吸收值测定。每个种群随机取50-100头,根据吸收值(OD值)可计算种群中酯酶活力的分布频率,并可测出种群中抗性基因的频率,从而进行抗性早期预警。
这种方法只能测出害虫种群中个体酯酶活力的频率分布,只能说明某一类型杀虫剂对酯酶活力的影响,而不能确定某一种有机磷杀虫剂的抗性基因频率。又由于有机磷杀虫剂结构不同,以及各地施用杀虫剂的种类也各不相同,所显示的抗性水平不同,所测出的酯酶分布频率不能代表某一具体杀虫剂的抗性。另外,基层用户在测定害虫对杀虫剂抗性时,还必须具有Whatman 1号滤纸以及底物α-NA等,操作极不方便。
2.测试有机磷杀虫剂对害虫个体非特异性酯酶滤纸法
①将预先配制的含一定浓度的某有机磷杀虫剂(例如甲基1605,辛硫磷,
久效磷等)分别先点1微升到滤纸上;
②然后再重复上述方法1中的第①至⑥步骤。
这种方法虽可测出种群中某一有机磷杀虫剂对个体害虫的α-乙酸萘酯酶的抑制频率分布,从而评价抗性程度,抑制率高(剩余酶活低)的为敏感个体,抑制率低(剩余酶活高)的为抗性个体。但这种方法使用起来极不方便(尤其对基层单位),这种方法除了存在方法1的缺陷外,为了保证在测试时能将杀虫剂和虫体匀浆液准确地点在滤纸上的相同区域内,须在滤纸上先点杀虫剂的地方做出明显标记,所以造成监测操作的不方便,同时测试结果也不易准确。
发明内容:
本发明目的在于克服上述方法存在的诸多缺陷,而提供一种监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的滤纸片及其制法,由于这种滤纸片预先经过了含有底物(α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯)或同时含有底物(α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯)和某有机磷杀虫剂的丙酮或酒精液的浸泡和凉干处理,在进行害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的测定时,不需要备有Whatman 1号滤纸片,底物α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯及标准有机磷杀虫剂,而仅需将虫体匀浆液点在滤纸上便可方便测出其抗性,且监测结果准确。
本发明的实施方案如下:
本发明提供的监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂的滤纸,其滤纸为生物工程中使用的定性滤纸,特征在于该滤纸经过含α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯丙酮或酒精液充分浸泡和凉干处理;该滤纸每cm2上浸含有α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯28-140μg。该滤纸还可经过同时含α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯与一种有机磷杀虫剂的丙酮或酒精液的充分浸泡、凉干处理,该滤纸每cm2上浸含有α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯28-140μg,一种有机磷杀虫剂0.2ug-100ug。
本发明的监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸的制备方法如下:
1.浸泡处理:
将生物工程中使用的定性滤纸放在重量百分比浓度为0.1-0.5%的α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯的丙酮或酒精液中充分浸泡;
或将生物工程中使用的定性滤纸放在同时含重量百分比浓度为0.1-0.5%的α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001-0.5%的一种有机磷杀虫剂的丙酮或酒精液中充分浸泡;
2.将浸泡过的滤纸取出凉干,铝箔纸密封包装,低温下保存。
使用本发明提供的滤纸在监测、测定某害虫对某有机磷杀虫剂抗性时,只须将害虫的虫体匀浆液点在滤纸上进行显色即可。使用方便、快捷,且监测结果准确,利于推广,并且本发明的滤纸制造方法简便,测定的结果可长期保存,有利测定田间不同时期的抗性动态变化,适用于多种害虫如棉蚜、桃蚜等同翅目昆虫及家蝇、蚊虫等卫生害虫的抗性监测。
具体实施方式:实施例:
用本发明提供的方法制备本发明的监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的滤纸实例1.将Whatman 1号定性滤纸分别在重量百分比浓度为0.1%,0.25%和0.5%的α-乙酸萘酯的丙酮液中充分浸泡之后取出凉干,从而制成试纸A-1,A-2,A-3;试纸A-1,A-2,A-3上浸含α-乙酸萘酯含量分别为28μg/cm2,70μg/cm2,140μg/cm2。实例2.将Whatman 1号定性滤纸分别在重量百分比浓度为0.1%,0.25%和0.5%的β-乙酸萘酯的丙酮液中充分浸泡之后取出凉干,从而制成试纸B-1,B-2,B-3;试纸B-1,B-2,B-3上浸含β-乙酸萘酯含量分别为28μg/cm2,70μg/cm2,140μg/cm2
用上述1.2实施例制作的试纸A-1,A-2,A-3和B-1,B-2,B-3监测棉蚜抗性,具体步骤和效果如下:
取50头棉蚜,每头棉蚜加60微升含0.5%Triton100的0.2mol/L PH7.4的磷酸缓冲液在(5cm×0.5cm)试管内用玻璃棒匀浆,匀浆液液面上放一小块擦镜纸以防虫体渣污染斑点,将每头匀浆液分别取2微升点在A-1,A-2,A-3和B-1,B-2,B-3的滤纸片上,每张滤纸点10头;2分钟后将滤纸片放在0.15%牢固蓝GBC的水溶液中浸泡2分钟,显出藕紫色或粉色斑点后,用水漂洗;再放入10%冰醋酸溶液内固定数分钟后,取出放在吸水纸上凉干,用便携式的光密度计测定OD值,测定结果见表1:表1.比较三种不同浓度底物测定棉蚜个体酯酶活力
  棉蚜编号                α-乙酸萘酯                 β-乙酸萘酯
    A-1     A-2     A-3     B-1      B-2      B-3
 (28μg/cm2)  (70ug/cm2)    (140ug/cm2)  (28μg/cm2)   (70ug/cm2)  (140ug/cm2)
  1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950     0.210.130.040.170.070.200.090.200.050.200.130.090.210.180.100.140.180.100.140.170.210.220.070.190.130.210.200.040.060.120.110.100.110.120.080.070.120.090.120.100.060.140.170.140.190.180.170.120.140.13     0.200.130.070.230.060.230.090.240.090.250.160.090.200.200.140.170.180.160.160.190.180.160.050.170.140.170.160.050.060.120.130.120.150.180.140.070.150.120.130.120.070.140.140.130.170.170.200.160.150.14     0.210.140.070.200.070.210.110.250.070.210.180.110.200.210.140.170.200.140.160.210.190.180.060.180.120.170.180.040.060.120.120.120.160.160.130.080.140.120.120.110.060.170.180.190.200.200.230.180.180.13     0.140.110.080.140.100.190.120.200.080.170.130.110.140.160.100.090.150.090.130.140.160.130.070.130.100.120.140.050.070.080.090.080.090.110.080.060.100.060.090.080.080.090.090.110.140.140.170.110.150.11     0.200.120.090.210.100.200.130.210.090.170.150.120.170.180.110.160.190.130.140.180.200.170.080.180.120.190.160.070.080.080.120.120.120.130.090.090.120.090.130.110.060.110.110.140.150.150.160.130.130.09     0.190.130.110.190.110.190.120.250.090.240.140.110.220.170.100.150.170.120.150.160.140.190.060.180.090.120.140.060.080.080.100.100.110.130.110.070.110.090.120.090.050.070.110.100.150.160.170.100.130.09
上述结果表明用A-1,A-2,A-3滤纸片测定棉蚜个体的α-NA酯酶活力(OD值)的波动范围在0.00-0.06之间,波动范围小于0.05的个体占84%。用B-1,B-2,B-3滤纸片测定B-NA酯酶活力(OD值)波动范围在0.00-0.08,波动范围小于0.05的个体占84%。由此表明A-1,A-2,A-3和B-1,B-2,B-3的滤纸片均适合于测定个体酯酶的频率分布。
用上述A-1和B-1试纸分别测定了山东康庄,河北井沟和北京种群棉蚜的酯酶频率分布,见表2:
表2.不同地区酯酶频率分布
酶    活(OD值)                   试纸A-1                  试纸 B-1
    康庄    井沟   北京   康庄   井沟  北京
0-0.05     0     0    26
0.06-0.10     0     3    0     3   26
0.11-0.15     0     7    2     24   8
0.16-0.20     1     23    12     50   38
0.21-0.25     3     30    28     6     26   28
0.26-0.30     14     36    4     62     2
0.31-0.35     31     1     32
0.36-0.40     35
0.41-0.45     15
0.46-0.50     1
结果表明,以α-NA酯酶活力(OD值)小于0.1为敏感个体,OD值大于0.40为抗性个体,北京棉蚜种群中敏感个体占26%,抗性个体为0;康庄种群敏感个体为0,抗性个体为16%;井沟种群中敏感个体占3%,抗性个体为0。β-NA酯酶活力小于0.05为敏感个体,大于0.30为抗性个体,则北京种群敏感个体占26%,抗性个体为0;康庄种群敏感个体为0,抗性个体为32%;井沟敏感个体占3%,抗性个体为0。因此以这个方法可以对不同地区棉蚜种群中α-NA和β-NA酯酶的频率分布。仅能认为康庄棉蚜种群对有机磷杀虫剂抗性比井沟和北京种群高,与生物测定结果相类似。实例3.将Whatman 1号定性滤纸分别在同时含重量百分比浓度为0.1%的α-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001%、0.1%、0.5%的甲基1605杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡后,取出凉干,制成试纸C-1甲(A-1),C-2甲(A-1),C-3甲(A-1);分别在同时含重量百分比浓度为0.25%的α-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001%、0.1%、0.5%的甲基1605杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡后,取出凉干,制成试纸C-1甲(A-2),C-2甲(A-2),C-3甲(A-2);分别在同时含重量百分比浓度为0.5%的α-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001%、0.1%、0.5%的甲基1605杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡后,取出凉干,制成试纸C-1甲(A-3),C-2甲(A-3),C-3甲(A-3)。
用上述试纸片C-1甲(A-1),C-2甲(A-1),C-3甲(A-1);C-1甲(A-2),C-2甲(A-2),C-3甲(A-2);C-1甲(A-3),C-2甲(A-3),C-3甲(A-3),测定不同浓度的甲基1605对棉蚜个体α-NA酯酶的抑制率的频率分布,A-1作对照组。   表3.不同浓度甲基1605对棉蚜α-NA酯酶的抑制后酶活
  编号    A-1    C-1甲(A-1)     C-2甲(A-1)    C-3甲(A-1)
  1   0.24     0.07(71)     0.07(71)     0.06(75)
  2   0.37     0.06(84)     0.04(89)     0.05(87)
  3   0.30     0.05(83)     0.05(83)     0.03(90)
  4   0.58     0.10(83)     0.09(85)     0.08(86)
  5   0.34     0.06(82)     0.05(82)     0.04(88)
  6   0.59     0.20(66)     0.13(78)     0.12(80)
  7   0.37     0.08(78)     0.06(84)     0.04(89)
  8   0.60     0.24(60)     0.13(78)     0.11(82)
  9   0.70     0.47(33)     0.12(83)     0.07(90)
  10   0.34     0.30(12)     0.06(82)     0.05(85)
  11   0.39     0.09(77)     0.09(77)     0.09(77)
  12   0.31     0.07(77)     0.05(84)     0.05(84)
  13   0.07     0.03(57)     0.03(57)     0.03(57)
  14   0.18     0.05(72)     0.04(78)     0.04(78)
  15   0.11     0.07(36)     0.06(46)     0.06(46)
  16   0.45     0.16(64)     0.11(76)     0.11(76)
  17   0.23     0.09(62)     0.07(70)     0.07(70)
  18   0.30     0.08(73)     0.05(83)     0.05(83)
  19   0.41     0.27(34)     0.10(76)     0.07(83)
  20   0.42     0.33(21)     0.09(79)     0.07(83)
  21   0.46     0.08(83)     0.06(87)     0.07(85)
  22   0.19     0.04(79)     0.04(79)     0.04(79)
  23   0.19     0.02(89)     0.02(89)     0.02(89)
  24   0.52     0.07(87)     0.08(85)     0.07(87)
  25   0.29     0.07(76)     0.06(79)     0.05(83)
  26   0.39     0.12(69)     0.09(77)     0.09(77)
  27   0.34     0.07(79)     0.04(88)     0.04(88)
  28   0.63     0.25(60)     0.13(79)     0.15(76)
  29   0.43     0.11(78)     0.08(81)     0.06(86)
  30   0.28     0.17(39)     0.07(75)     0.10(64)
  31   0.33     0.06(82)     0.07(79)     0.07(79)
  32   0.57     0.10(82)     0.10(82)     0.10(82)
  33   0.26     0.05(81)     0.05(85)     0.04(89)
  34   0.34     0.03(91)     0.05(85)     0.03(91)
  35   0.49     0.11(78)     0.10(80)     0.10(80)
  36   0.54     0.13(76)     0.14(74)     0.12(78
  37   0.54     0.13(76)     0.12(78)     0.12(78)
  38   0.35     0.07(80)     0.07(80)     0.07(80)
  39   0.39     0.11(22)     0.08(79)     0.08(79)
  40   0.32     0.24(25)     0.14(56)     0.12(63)
  41   0.47     0.14(700     0.06(87)     0.06(87)
  42   0.46     0.09(80)     0.09(80)     0.09(80)
  43   0.27     0.05(81)     0.03(89)     0.03(89)
  44   0.41     0.06(85)     0.06(85)     0.07(83)
  45   0.39     0.14(64)     0.08(79)     0.08(79)
  46   0.49     0.19(61)     0.09(82)     0.08(84)
  47   0.40     0.14(65)     0.06(85)     0.06(85)
  48   0.48     0.16(67)     0.07(85)     0.08(83)
  49   0.06     0.06(0)     0.04(33)     0.04(33)
  50   0.36     0.23(36)     0.04(89)     0.03(92)
  编号   A-2    C-1甲(A-2)    C-2甲(A-2)    C-3甲(A-2)
    1   0.24     0.07(71)     0.07(71)     0.06(75)
    2   0.37     0.06(84)     0.04(89)     0.04(89)
    3   0.31     0.05(84)     0.05(84)     0.03(90)
    4   0.58     0.10(83)     0.09(84)     0.08(86)
    5   0.35     0.06(83)     0.05(86)     0.04(89)
    6   0.59     0.21(64)     0.15(75)     0.12(80)
    7   0.39     0.08(79)     0.05(87)     0.03(92)
    8   0.60     0.22(63)     0.12(80)     0.10(83)
    9   0.70     0.45(36)     0.14(80)     0.06(91)
    10   0.35     0.31(11)     0.05(86)     0.04(89)
    11   0.41     0.08(80)     0.07(83)     0.07(83)
    12   0.33     0.07(80)     0.05(86)     0.05(86)
    13   0.09     0.03(87)     0.04(56)     0.03(87)
    14   0.18     0.05(72)     0.04(77)     0.05(72)
    15   0.15     0.07(53)     0.05(67)     0.04(73)
    16   0.45     0.18(60)     0.12(73)     0.12(73)
    17   0.25     0.09(64)     0.07(72)     0.07(72)
    18   0.32     0.08(75)     0.06(81)     0.05(84)
    19   0.41     0.25(39)     0.09(78)     0.07(83)
    20   0.42     0.34(21)     0.09(79)     0.07(84)
    21   0.46     0.08(83)     0.06(87)     0.05(89)
    22   0.20     0.03(85)     0.03(85)     0.02(90)
    23   0.19     0.02(89)     0.02(89)     0.01(95)
    24   0.53     0.07(87)     0.06(87)     0.04(92)
    25   0.30     0.08(73)     0.07(77)     0.05(83)
    26   0.39     0.12(69)     0.08(79)     0.08(79)
    27   0.35     0.07(80)     0.03(91)     0.03(91)
    28   0.63     0.25(60)     0.12(81)     0.10(84)
    29   0.43     0.10(77)     0.07(84)     0.06(86)
    30   0.29     0.17(41)     0.06(79)     0.05(83)
    31   0.33     0.06(82)     0.06(82)     0.04(88)
    32   0.57     0.10(82)     0.09(84)     0.09(84)
    33   0.27     0.05(81)     0.05(85)     0.05(81)
    34   0.35     0.03(86)     0.04(89)     0.04(89)
    35   0.49     0.11(76)     0.10(80)     0.08(84)
    36   0.54     0.13(76)     0.14(74)     0.10(82)
    37   0.54     0.13(76)     0.12(78)     0.11(80)
    38   0.36     0.11(69)     0.08(78)     0.08(78)
    39   0.39     0.23(41)     0.14(64)     0.12(69)
    40   0.33     0.13(61)     0.06(82)     0.06(82)
    41   0.47     0.09(81)     0.08(83)     0.08(83)
    42   0.46     0.05(89)     0.03(93)     0.02(96)
    43   0.28     0.06(79)     0.05(82)     0.05(82)
    44   0.41     0.06(85)     0.06(85)     0.05(88)
    45   0.38     0.14(63)     0.08(80)     0.07(82)
    46   0.49     0.19(61)     0.09(82)     0.09(82)
    47   0.41     0.14(66)     0.07(83)     0.05(88)
    48   0.48     0.16(67)     0.07(85)     0.05(90)
    49   0.08     0.06(25)     0.05(38)     0.04(50)
    50   0.37     0.23(38)     0.04(89)     0.02(95)
  编号     A-3    C-1甲(A-3)    C-2甲(A-3)    C-3甲(A-3)
    1    0.27     0.06(78)     0.05(81)     0.05(81)
    2    0.24     0.09(63)     0.03(88)     0.03(88)
    3    0.07     0.04(43)     0.03(57)     0.02(71)
    4    0.42     0.23(45)     0.08(81)     0.08(81)
    5    0.35     0.29(17)     0.12(66)     0.06(83)
    6    0.27     0.13(52)     0.05(81)     0.05(81)
    7    0.29     0.16(45)     0.03(90)     0.03(90)
    8    0.35     0.35(0)     0.15(57)     0.15(57)
    9    0.38     0.32(16)     0.23(39)     0.06(84)
    10    0.15     0.04(73)     0.03(80)     0.03(80)
    11    0.36     0.15(58)     0.04(89)     0.04(89)
    12    0.32     0.11(66)     0.02(94)     0.02(94)
    13    0.40     0.22(45)     0.06(85)     0.05(88)
    14    0.35     0.30(14)     0.14(60)     0.10(71)
    15    0.12     0.03(75)     0.01(92)     0.01(92)
    16    0.19     0.07(63)     0.02(89)     0.02(89)
    17    0.23     0.10(57)     0.03(87)     0.03(87)
    18    0.16     0.07(56)     0.03(81)     0.03(81)
    19    0.37     0.15(59)     0.03(92)     0.02(95)
    20    0.19     0.05(74)     0.01(95)     0.0(100)
    21    0.23     0.07(70)     0.01(96)     0.01(96)
    22    0.45     0.32(29)     0.05(89)     0.03(93)
    23    0.44     0.42(5)     0.12(73)     0.04(91)
    24    0.36     0.07(87)     0.08(85)     0.07(87)
    25    0.28     0.08(71)     0.03(89)     0.03(89)
    26    0.36     0.07(81)     0.04(89)     0.04(89)
    27    0.36     0.09(75)     0.02(94)     0.02(94)
    28    0.28     0.08(71)     0.03(89)     0.02(93)
    29    0.37     0.21(43)     0.04(89)     0.03(92)
    30    0.38     0.32(16)     0.08(79)     0.04(89)
    31    0.31     0.14(55)     0.06(81)     0.06(81)
    32    0.54     0.44(19)     0.19(65)     0.07(87)
    33    0.40     0.30(25)     0.04(90)     0.04(90)
    34    0.51     0.33(35)     0.05(90)     0.05(90)
    35    0.61     0.47(23)     0.10(84)     0.07(89)
    36    0.29     0.12(59)     0.07(76)     0.07(76)
    37    0.38     0.26(32)     0.10(74)     0.09(76)
    38    0.20     0.09(55)     0.01(95)     0.01(95)
    39    0.34     0.20(41)     0.04(88)     0.02(94)
    40    0.39     0.29(26)     0.06(85)     0.03(92)
    41    0.16     0.03(81)     0.02(88)     0.02(88)
    42    0.25     0.05(80)     0.03(88)     0.02(92)
    43    0.30     0.06(80)     0.03(90)     0.03(90)
    44    0.32     0.18(44)     0.04(88)     0.04(88)
    45    0.24     0.06(75)     0.04(83)     0.04(830
    46    0.31     0.10(68)     0.06(81)     0.06(810
    47    0.21     0.06(71)     0.05(76)     0.04(81)
    48    0.15     0.07(53)     0.04(73)     0.03(80)
    49    0.32     0.32(0)     0.11(66)     0.10(69)
    50    0.35     0.08(77)     0.047(89)     0.04(89)
*()内数据为抑制百分率表4为不同浓度甲基1605对α-NA酯酶的抑制频率分布
          表4.不同浓度甲基1605对α-NA酯酶的抑制频率分布
抑制率(%)   C-1甲(A-1)   C-2甲(A-1)   C-3甲(A-1)   C-1甲(A-2)   C-2甲(A-2)   C-3甲(A-2)   C-1甲(A-3)   C-2甲(A-3)   C-3甲(A-3)
  ≥0     2     4
  1-10     0     2
  11-20     2     2     10
  21-30     6     2     4     8
  31-40     10     2     2     6     2     0     4
  41-50     0     2     2     4     0     2     14     2
  51-60     6     2     2     6     2     0     18     4     2
  61-70     18     2     6     22     4     2     20     8     2
  71-80     30     42     34     24     34     18     24     14     10
  81-90     24     48     50     32     54     64     6     58     56
  91-100     2     0     4     0     4     14     0     14     30
从上述结果表明,不同浓度甲基1605与不同底物浓度α-乙酸萘酯对棉蚜个体α-NA酯酶的抑制作用,可以看出低浓度(0.2ug/cm2)甲基1605与0.1%α-NA处理的滤纸片对棉蚜个体α-NA酯酶的抑制频率分布明显低于20ug/cm2和100ug/cm2。如以0.2ug/cm2甲基1605处理,抑制率低于30%的频率有10%个体,大于70%个体有56%,而20ug/cm2和100ug/cm2抑制率低于30%个体分别为2和0,而抑制率大于70%的分别为90%和88%个体,说明浓度对棉蚜酯酶的抑制率是随浓度增加而增加,这与用生物测定方法是一致的,因此用这种方法可以用来监测抗性的水平。实例4.将Whatman1号定性滤纸分别在同时含重量百分比浓度为0.1%的β-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001%、0.1%、0.5%的辛硫磷杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡后,取出凉干,制成试纸D-1辛(B-1),D-2辛(B-1),D-3辛(B-1);分别在同时含重量百分比浓度为0.25%的β-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001%、0.1%、0.5%的辛硫磷杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡后,取出凉干,制成试纸D-1辛(B-2),D-2辛(B-2),D-3辛(B-2);分别在司时含重量百分比浓度为0.5%的β-乙酸萘酯和重量百分比浓度为0.001%、0.1%、0.5%的辛硫磷杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡后,取出凉干,制成试纸D-1辛(B-3),D-2辛(B-3),D-3辛(B-3);
用上述试纸片测定不同浓度辛硫磷对棉蚜β-萘酯酶的抑制频率分布,具体操作:分别取25头北京和山东的二个棉蚜种群以编号1-25号为北京种群,26-50为山东种群,其它步骤和计算等方法同实例3。表5.辛硫磷对北京和山东康庄棉蚜酯酶抑制后的酶活
编号   B-1    D-1辛(B-1)    D-2辛(B-1)   D-3辛(B-1)
    北京
    1   0.11     0.10(9)     0.05(55)     0.03(73)
    2   0.16     0.10(38)     0.02(88)     0.01(94)
    3   0.11     0.07(36)     0.03(73)     0.01(91)
    4   0.19     0.14(26)     0.07(63)     0.04979)
    5   0.18     0.15(17)     0.06(67)     0.02(89)
    6   0.17     0.12(29)     0.04(76)     0.02(88)
    7   0.11     0.07(36)     0.04(64)     0.03(73)
    8   0.17     0.14(18)     0.06(64)     0.03(82)
    9   0.18     0.18(0)     0.10(44)     0.07(61)
    10   0.16     0.15(6)     0.05(69)     0.03(81)
    11   0.15     0.13(13)     0.06(60)     0.04(73)
    12   0.17     0.16(16)     0.08(52)     0.02(88)
    13   0.19     0.17(11)     0.12(37)     0.07(63)
    14   0.13     0.12(18)     0.09(31)     0.05(62)
    15   0.17     0.15(12)     0.08(53)     0.03(82)
    16   0.11     0.09(18)     0.06(45)     0.04(64)
    17   0.13     0.12(8)     0.06(54)     0.04(69)
    18   0.14     0.12(14)     0.04(71)     0.01(93)
    19   0.16     0.10(38)     0.06(63)     0.03(81)
    20   0.16     0.15(6)     0.06(63)     0.04(75)
    21   0.14     0.13(7)     0.03(79)     0.01(93)
    22   0.17     0.13(24)     0.06(65)     0.04(76)
    23   0.13     0.11(15)     0.05(62)     0.03(77)
    24   0.15     0.14(7)     0.06(60)     0.02(87)
    25   0.12     0.10(17)     0.05(50)     0.03(75)
    康庄
    26   0.30     0.28(7)     0.24(20)     0.20(33)
    27   0.28     0.20(29)     0.18(36)     0.16(43)
    28   0.28     0.21(25)     0.15(46)     0.10(64)
    29   0.29     0.25(14)     0.22(24)     0.15(50)
    30   0.33     0.25(24)     0.26(21)     0.16(520
    31   0.30     0.26(13)     0.23(23)     0.19(37)
    32   0.24     0.21(13)     0.17(29)     0.11(54)
    33   0.26     0.23(12)     0.18(31)     0.12(54)
    34   0.26     0.24(8)     0.24(98)     0.15(42)
    35   0.30     0.25(17)     0.21(30)     0.13(57)
    36   0.30     0.26(13)     0.24(20)     0.12(60)
    37   0.30     0.24(20)     0.25(17)     0.20(33)
    38   0.29     0.23(21)     0.23(21)     0.18(38)
    39   0.33     0.28(15)     0.25(24)     0.20(39)
    40   0.28     0.21(25)     0.24(14)     0.20(29)
    41   0.32     0.23(28)     0.24(25)     0.22(31)
    42   0.26     0.19(27)     0.19(27)     0.15(42)
    43   0.30     0.30(0)     0.25(10)     0.15(50)
    44   0.33     0.29(12)     0.21(36)     0.16(52)
    45   0.27     0.22(19)     0.18(33)     0.16(41)
    46   0.32     0.24(25)     0.28(13)     0.23(28)
    47   0.29     0.23(21)     0.23(21)     0.19(34)
    48   0.26     0.23(12)     0.20(23)     0.18(31)
    49   0.24     0.21(13)     0.18(25)     0.17(29)
    50   0.26     0.22(15)     0.19(27)     0.14(46)
  编号    B-2    D-1辛(B-2)    D-2辛(B-2)    D-3辛(B-2)
   北京
    1   0.15     0.12(20)     0.07(53)     0.05(67)
    2   0.20     0.15(25)     0.04(80)     0.03(85)
    3   0.13     0.09(31)     0.04(69)     0.01(92)
    4   0.20     0.14(30)     0.07(65)     0.03(85)
    5   0.21     0.17(19)     0.06(71)     0.02(90)
    6   0.19     0.13(32)     0.04(79)     0.02(89)
    7   0.11     0.07(36)     0.04(64)     0.03(73)
    8   .18     0.15(17)     0.05(72)     0.03(83)
    9   0.19     0.18(5)     0.11(42)     0.07(63)
    10   0.16     0.15(6)     0.05(69)     0.02(88)
    11   0.17     0.15(12)     0.06(65)     0.04(76)
    12   0.18     0.17(6)     0.08(56)     0.02(89)
    13   0.21     0.20(5)     0.12(43)     0.06(71)
    14   0.15     0.13(13)     0.08(47)     0.04(73)
    15   0.20     0.15(25)     0.08(60)     0.03(85)
    16   0.13     0.11(15)     0.06(54)     0.03(77)
    17   0.17     0.14(18)     0.05(71)     0.04(76)
    18   0.18     0.12(33)     0.06(67)     0.02(89)
    19   0.19     0.15(21)     0.07(63)     0.04(79)
    20   0.17     0.14(18)     0.03(82)     0.01(94)
    21   0.15     0.13(13)     0.06(60)     0.04(73)
    22   0.15     0.11(27)     0.05(67)     0.02(87)
    23   0.11     0.09(18)     0.04(64)     0.01(91)
    24   0.18     0.15(17)     0.07(61)     0.02(89)
    25   0.11     0.09(18)     0.05(55)     0.02(82)
   康庄
    26   0.32     0.28(13)     0.24(25)     0.20(38)
    27   0.33     0.22(33)     0.18(45)     0.14(58)
    28   0.31     0.23(25)     0.15(52)     0.08(74)
    29   0.29     0.24(17)     0.21(28)     0.14(52)
    30   0.35     0.12(52)     0.24(31)     0.15(57)
    31   0.33     0.30(9)     0.23(30)     0.17(48)
    32   0.24     0.21(13)     0.16(33)     0.10(58)
    33   0.27     0.22(19)     0.16(41)     0.10(63)
    34   0.26     0.21(19)     0.22(15)     0.14(46)
    35   0.31     0.25(19)     0.20(35)     0.12(61)
    36   0.32     0.26(19)     0.22(31)     0.11(66)
    37   0.30     0.25(17)     0.23(23)     0.18(40)
    38   0.32     0.25(22)     0.21(34)     0.16(50)
    39   0.33     0.28(15)     0.25(24)     0.18(45)
    40   0.29     0.21(28)     0.18(38)     0.16(45)
    41   0.33     0.23(30)     0.19(42)     0.15(55)
    42   0.28     0.25(11)     0.21(25)     0.14(50)
    43   0.32     0.22(31)     0.17(47)     0.09(72)
    44   0.33     0.24(27)     0.15(55)     0.11(67)
    45   0.28     0.21(25)     0.14(50)     0.12(57)
    46   0.33     0.23(30)     0.18(45)     0.11(67)
    47   0.29     0.21(28)     0.17(41)     0.10(66)
    48   0.28     0.20(29)     0.15(46)     0.09(68)
    49   0.26     0.21(19)     0.14(40     0.07(73)
    50   0.29     0.19(34)     0.13(55)     0.09(69)
  编号    B-3     D-1辛(B-3)     D-2辛(B-3)     D-3辛(B-3)
  北京
    1   0.15     0.12(20)     0.07(53)     0.04(73)
    2   0.21     0.15(29)     0.03(86)     0.03(86)
    3   0.13     0.08(38)     0.04(69)     0.01(92)
    4   0.19     0.14(26)     0.06(68)     0.03(84)
    5   0.20     0.171(50)     0.05(75)     0.02(90)
    6   0.21     0.14(33)     0.04(81)     0.02(90)
    7   0.12     0.07(33)     0.04(67)     0.03(75)
    8   0.18     0.14(22)     0.03(83)     0.02(89)
    9   0.19     0.17(11)     0.10(47)     0.05(74)
    10   0.15     0.14(07)     0.05(67)     0.02(87)
    11   0.17     0.14(18)     0.06(65)     0.03(82)
    12   0.19     0.16(16)     0.08(58)     0.02(89)
    13   0.22     0.19(14)     0.12(45)     0.06(73)
    14   0.16     0.13(19)     0.08(50)     0.04(75)
    15   0.21     0.15(29)     0.08(62)     0.03(86)
    16   0.15     0.11(27)     0.06(60)     0.03(80)
    17   0.19     0.14(26)     0.05(74)     0.03(84)
    18   0.17     0.13(24)     0.06(65)     0.02(88)
    19   0.21     0.18(14)     0.07(67)     0.04(81)
    20   0.19     0.15(21)     0.03(84)     0.02(89)
    21   0.15     0.13(13)     0.06(60)     0.04(73)
    22   0.14     0.11(21)     0.05(62)     0.01(93)
    23   0.12     0.10(17)     0.06(50)     0.02(83)
    24   0.17     0.14(18)     0.07(59)     0.02(88)
    25   0.10     0.08(20)     0.05(50)     0.02(80)
   康庄
    26   0.33     0.29(12)     0.24(27)     0.20(39)
    27   0.35     0.23(34)     0.19(46)     0.13(63)
    28   0.31     0.24(23)     0.16(48)     0.08(74)
    29   0.29     0.24(17)     0.21(28)     0.14(52)
    30   0.33     0.26(21)     0.24(27)     0.15(55)
    31   0.37     0.31(16)     0.21(43)     0.17(54)
    32   0.25     0.21(16)     0.16(36)     0.10(60)
    33   0.27     0.23(14)     0.15(44)     0.12(56)
    34   0.27     0.21(22)     0.20(26)     0.13(52)
    35   0.35     0.26(26)     0.21(40)     0.11(69)
    36   0.32     0.27(16)     0.20(38)     0.11(66)
    37   0.30     0.25(17)     0.21(30)     0.16(47)
    38   0.33     0.26(21)     0.20(39)     0.17(48)
    39   0.35     0.23(34)     0.19(46)     0.15(57)
    40   0.31     0.28(10)     0.20(35)     0.16(48)
    41   0.32     0.27(16)     0.19(41)     0.15(53)
    42   0.25     0.23(08)     0.17(32)     0.06(68)
    43   0.34     0.25(26)     0.14(59)     0.09(74)
    44   0.35     0.20(43)     0.14(60)     0.08(77)
    45   0.29     0.22(24)     0.12(59)     0.06(79)
    46   0.33     0.21(36)     0.17(48)     0.12(64)
    47   0.28     0.26(29)     0.15(46)     0.10(64)
    48   0.27     0.21(22)     0.14(48)     0.07(74)
    49   0.29     0.19(34)     0.13(55)     0.05(83)
    50   0.30     0.18(40)     0.11(63)     0.07(77)
表6-1.D-辛(B-1)滤纸测定北京和山东地区棉蚜个体B-NA酯酶的频率分布
抑  制  率(%)      D-1辛(B-1)       D-辛(B-1)       D-3辛(B-1)
  北京   山东   北京   山东   北京   山东
    ≥01-1011-2021-3031-4041-5051-6061-7071-8081-9091-100     428401216     485236 122436164 162052164 20323216 123228244
表6-2.D-辛(B-2)滤纸测定北京和山东地区棉蚜个体β-NA酯酶的频率分布
抑  制  率(%)     D-1辛(B-2)       D-2辛(B-2)     D-3辛(B-2)
  北京   山东   北京   山东   北京   山东
    ≥01-1011-2021-3031-4041-5051-6061-7071-8081-9091-100 16482016 8404012 122440214 424243612 8324812 824243212
表6-3.D-辛(B-3)滤纸测定北京和山东地区棉蚜个体β-NA酯酶的频率分布
抑  制  率(%)      D-1辛(B-3)      D-2辛(B-3)      D-3辛(B-3)
  北京   山东   北京   山东   北京   山东
    ≥01-1011-2021-3031-4041-5051-6061-7071-8081-9091-100 4483684 83236204 202036816 202436164 32608 4123224244
上述结果表明,以不同浓度辛硫磷与不同底物浓度配制的试纸片测定辛硫磷对棉蚜个体β-NA酯酶的抑制作用,可以看出,低浓度0.2ug/cm2)辛硫磷与不同底物浓度处理的试纸片,无论是北京和山东康庄种群均差异不大。而用20ug/cm2和100ug/cm2辛硫磷与28μg/cm2β-NA处理的滤纸片,可以明显看到抑制率小于30%(作为抗性个体)北京种群均为0,山东种群分别为80%和12%;用20ug/cm2和100ug/cm2辛硫磷与70μg/cm2β-NA处理的滤纸片,北京种群为0,山东种群分别为20%和0%。上述结果均反应了北京棉蚜种群是一个比较敏感的种群,无抗性基因个体。而康庄种群中β-NA酯酶的抗性基因频率明显高于北京种群,并且随辛硫磷浓度的增加其抑制作用也随之增加,这与生物测定结果也是一致的。由此用这种方法可以确定田间种群中害虫β-NA酯酶的抗性基因频率。实例5.将Whatman 1号定性滤纸用重量百分比浓度为0.1%α-乙酸萘酯与重量百分比浓度为0.1%甲基1605杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡之后取出凉干,制成试纸E-甲;将Whatman 1号定性滤纸用重量百分比浓度为0.1%α-乙酸萘酯与重量百分比浓度为0.1%辛硫磷杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡之后取出凉干,制成试纸E-辛;将Whatman 1号定性滤纸用重量百分比浓度为0.1%α-乙酸萘酯与重量百分比浓度为0.1%久效磷杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡之后取出凉干,制成试纸E-久;将Whatman 1号定性滤纸用重量百分比浓度为0.1%α-乙酸萘酯与重量百分比浓度为0.1%丙溴磷杀虫剂的丙酮液中充分浸泡之后取出凉干,制成试纸E-丙;试纸E-甲,E-辛,E-久和E-丙的α-乙酸萘酯含量为28μg/cm2,杀虫剂含量均为20ug/cm2。用制成的E-甲,E-辛,E-久和E-丙的试纸片测定三个不同地区二龄棉铃虫幼虫个体α-乙酸萘酯酶的抑制频率分布。
具体操作步骤:取25头二龄棉铃虫幼虫,分别将1头幼虫放在(0.5cm×5cm)的玻璃试管内,加50微升含有0.5%的Triton 100的0.2mol/L PH7.4的磷酸缓冲液,用玻璃棒匀浆,在匀浆液液面上覆盖一小块擦镜纸以防虫体渣污染试纸;其它步骤同前面的实例。结果见表7。
       表7不同杀虫剂对棉铃虫酯酶的抑制频率(%)
  抑制率             甲基1605           辛硫磷
 植保所   河北   北京  植保所 河北 北京
    ≤0     1
    1-10     0
    11-20     4     1
    21-30     4     7   8     0
    31-40     4     23     4   12     1
    41-50     0     41     8   28     2
    51-60     0     4     19     24   24     27
    61-70     40     20     5     48   24     39
    71-80     24     60     16   4     26
    81-90     24     16     4
    91-100     4
             久效磷            丙溴磷
    ≤0     16     36     15
    1-10     12     8     8
    11-20     20     12     27
    21-30     28     0     20   8
    31-40     8     8   4
    41-50     8     8     7     20   36
    51-60     8     4     36   28     1
    61-70     16     36   24     2
    71-80     8     8     24
    81-90     55
    91-100     18
结果表明,如以杀虫剂的抑制率小于30%的个体作为抗性个体,抑制率大于70%的个体作为敏感个体,则植保所棉铃虫对甲基1605的抗性个体占4%,敏感个体为52%,辛硫磷分别为0%和16%;丙溴磷为0%和8%,久效磷为76%和0%;河北棉铃虫对甲基1605分别为0%和76%,辛硫磷为8%和4%;丙溴磷为8%和0%,久效磷为56%和8%;山东种群对甲基1605分别为12%和0%,辛硫磷为1%和30%;丙溴磷为0%和9%,久效磷为70%和0%。这些结果显示了同一种群对不同有机磷杀虫剂显示的抗性程度不同。例植保所种群敏感个体频率甲基1605>辛硫磷>丙溴磷>久效磷,河北种群甲基1605>久效磷>辛硫磷>丙溴磷,山东种群久效磷>甲基1605>辛硫磷>丙溴磷。这方法可以准确同时比较几种不同有机磷杀虫剂的抗性程度。根据不同地区对杀虫剂的抗性程度及时提出选用较好的杀虫剂控制害虫抗性的发展。

Claims (2)

1.一种监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸,其试纸以生物工程中使用的定性滤纸,其特征在于该滤纸经过含α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯丙酮或酒精液浸泡及凉干处理,或经过同时含有α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯与一种有机磷杀虫剂的丙酮或酒精液充分浸泡、凉干处理,每平方厘米的试纸上浸含有α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯28μg/cm2-140μg/cm2或每平方厘米的试纸上浸含有α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯28μg/cm2-140μg/cm2和一种有机磷杀虫剂0.2ug/cm2-100ug/cm2
2.一种监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
①将生物工程中使用的定性滤纸放在含重量百分比浓度为0.1%-0.5%的α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯的丙酮或酒精液中充分浸泡;或将生物工程中使用的定性滤纸放在含重量百分比浓度为0.1%-0.5%的α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯和0.001-0.5%的一种有机磷杀虫剂的丙酮或酒精液中充分浸泡;
②将浸泡过的滤纸取出凉干,铝箔纸密封包装,低温下保存。
CN98117333A 1998-08-17 1998-08-17 监测害虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的试纸及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1100988C (zh)

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CN101178400B (zh) * 2007-11-20 2012-05-23 苏州大学 对有机磷农药抗性野桑蚕种群的检验方法
CN102486459A (zh) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-06 中国科学院动物研究所 应用羧酸酯酶显色法快速检测抗性蚊虫的试剂盒
CN103558375A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-02-05 江苏省农业科学院 一种灰飞虱有机磷杀虫剂抗性快速检测方法
CN103604730B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2016-11-23 河南农大迅捷测试技术有限公司 水敏感组合物、水敏纸及其制备方法

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