CN110098822B - High-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line - Google Patents
High-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110098822B CN110098822B CN201910397754.8A CN201910397754A CN110098822B CN 110098822 B CN110098822 B CN 110098822B CN 201910397754 A CN201910397754 A CN 201910397754A CN 110098822 B CN110098822 B CN 110098822B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid medium
- inner conductor
- forming line
- cylinder
- insulating support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
Landscapes
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line, and aims to solve the problem that a rectangular wave pulse is difficult to provide under a condition of small size in the conventional forming line. The invention is composed of an inner conductor, an outer cylinder, 2 insulating support plates and a liquid medium, wherein the inner conductor is rotationally symmetrical about a central shaft OO', the inner conductor is coaxially arranged in the center of the outer cylinder, and two ends of the outer cylinder are respectively sealed by the 2 insulating support plates. The inner conductor consists of a cylinder and n outer disc bulges which are arranged at equal intervals; the outer cylinder consists of a cylinder and n inner circular ring bulges which are arranged at equal intervals, and each inner circular ring bulge is positioned in the middle position between two outer circular disc bulges and is embedded with the outer circular disc bulges in a staggered way to form a slow wave structure with a radial folding structure; the liquid medium is a high energy storage density liquid medium. The invention can increase the speed of forming line energy storage and slowing down electromagnetic wave transmission, realizes long pulse output, keeps compact integral structure and increases the output pulse width.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pulse forming line in the technical field of high-power pulse driving sources, in particular to a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folding type radial pulse forming line.
Background
The high-power (more than 100 MW) pulse drive source technology is an electro-physical technology for rapidly compressing and converting low-power stored high-density electromagnetic field energy into pulse high power, and is the basis of high-power microwaves, pulse lasers, electromagnetic emission, fusion energy and other applications. In recent years, under the application traction of a high-performance pulse driving source device, quasi-square-wave high-power electric pulse obtains wide attention and rapid development in a plurality of key fields such as high-power microwave, high-energy pulse laser, plasma physics, material modification, industrial waste gas and wastewater treatment, biomedicine, food sterilization and disinfection and the like. The important development direction of the high-power pulse driving source technology is high power, long pulse, compactness, high stability and reliability. The capacitive energy storage type pulse power source adopts a liquid medium pulse forming line as an energy storage device, has the characteristics of high output waveform quality and high repetition frequency operation, is widely researched and applied, and is one of important technical approaches in the field.
The liquid medium type pulse forming line is a key subcomponent of a high-power pulse driving source for forming square-wave electric pulses, generally occupies more than 60% of the volume of a pulse driving source device, and directly determines the working performance, application prospect and volume of the driving source. The pulse forming line is essentially an electric transmission line and can realize the functions of storing, transmitting and forming square waves of electric energy, and the energy storage medium of the pulse forming line is usually composed of a solid or liquid medium and has a fixed relative dielectric constant epsilon r . The electrical energy of the pulse forming line is stored in the energy storage medium between the transmission lines, and after the switch is closed, the electrical energy is transmitted to the load (the load impedance is equal to the eigen impedance of the pulse forming line) with a constant voltage amplitude, and square-wave electrical pulses are formed on the load.
The pulse width of the square-wave electrical pulse is directly proportional to the electrical length of the pulse-forming line. The electrical length τ of the pulse-forming line may be expressed as
Wherein epsilon r The relative dielectric constant of the energy storage medium in the pulse-forming line, l the mechanical length of the pulse-forming line, and c the speed of light in vacuum. The electrical length tau of the pulse-forming line and the relative permittivity epsilon of the energy storage medium r In a proportional half power relationship, the pulse-forming line electrical length can be increased by using a liquid medium with a higher dielectric constant. The pulse forming line is equivalent to a capacitor in the energy storage process, wherein the energy storage density at a certain position is as follows: ω =0.5 ε 0 ε r E 2 . Wherein E is the electric field strength at the corresponding point, ε 0 And epsilon r Respectively the dielectric constant in vacuum and the relative dielectric constant of the energy storage medium, epsilon 0 ＝10 7 /(4πc 2 )＝8.85×10 -12 F/m. The higher dielectric constant liquid medium enables the average energy storage density of the formed lines to be effectively increased, and this class of liquid is generally referred to as a high energy storage density liquid medium. In the process of practical application, the liquid mediumSince the resistivity of the medium also affects the electric field strength, the liquid medium with high energy storage density should have a high resistivity (greater than 20M Ω · cm) in addition to a high dielectric constant.
The formation of the in-line conductor structure and the liquid energy storage are key technologies of a high-power pulse driving source. In order to obtain rectangular wave electric pulses with pulse widths of several tens of nanoseconds, transformer oil (epsilon) is generally used r = 3-5) or deionised water (epsilon) r = 80) or the like, and a straight cylinder using a high energy storage density liquid medium liquid as an insulating medium coaxially forms a line. Whereas for square-wave electrical pulses with pulse widths greater than 150ns, if a straight cylinder of oil medium is used to form a line coaxially, its length will be greater than 15m. If a straight cylinder of an aqueous medium is adopted to coaxially form a line, the length of the straight cylinder is larger than 2.5m, the length of the formed line is greatly reduced, but the straight cylinder is still insufficient to meet the requirement of portability in practice, the volume of a pulse driving source is still very large, and a large amount of space resources and financial resources are occupied. In addition, the resistivity of water can only reach 18M omega cm at most and is difficult to maintain, and if a straight cylinder of 2.5M long aqueous medium is coaxially formed into a line, deionized water at each position is difficult to circulate well to maintain high resistivity, so that the dielectric constant epsilon of the deionized water is maintained although r However, the existing formed wire using deionized water as an insulating medium can only be used in the occasion of generating pulse square waves within 10ns, but cannot be used in the occasion of generating pulse square waves of tens of nanoseconds. When long square wave electric pulse is required to be output, the straight cylinder coaxial forming line has overlarge size and limited application range, and cannot meet the application requirement.
If the pulse width of the output square wave electric pulse is lengthened, a longer forming line can be adopted, and a high-energy storage density liquid medium can also be adopted. However, as can be seen from the above, the method of merely lengthening the mechanical length of the straight coaxial pulse forming line results in an oversize pulse driving source, and therefore, the structure of the inner conductor of the forming line and the liquid energy storage medium, such as a forming line with a slow wave structure or a liquid medium with high energy storage density, must be further studied.
Documents [ F.ya. Zagulov, V.V.Kladukhin, S.V.Kladukhin, S.P.Khramtsov, and V.Yu.Yalov.Applications of comber-type coaxial lines with a built-in charging transformer for generating high-power nanosecond pulses[J]Instruments and Experimental Techniques for the use of internal transformer combform lines, instruments and Experimental Techniques for the generation of high power nanosecond pulses, f.ya. Zagulov, v.v.kladukhin, s.v.kladukhin, s.p.khamtsov, and v.yu.yalov., volume 2012, 55, no.6, page number 660-663) report a high power pulse drive source based on oil medium based combform pulse forming lines, hereinafter referred to as background art one. The comb-shaped pulse forming line has a cylindrical overall structure as shown in fig. 1, and is rotationally symmetric about a central axis. The comb-shaped pulse forming line consists of a comb-shaped inner conductor 1, an outer cylinder 2, a built-in transformer 3 (a Tesla transformer), a load output end 4 and a transformer oil medium 5. The comb-shaped pulse forming line is a coaxial forming line with a comb-shaped slow wave structure inner conductor. The outer wall of an inner conductor 1 of the device forms a disc-shaped protruding structure (the whole structure is a comb-shaped structure) through grooving, and the structure and the smooth inner wall of an outer barrel 2 form a slow-wave structure. In experiments, under the geometrical scale that the diameter of the pulse forming line is 22cm and the length of the pulse forming line is 160cm, quasi-square-wave electric pulses can be obtained on a load 45 omega by a comb-shaped pulse forming linear pulse driving source. The output peak power is 2GW, the voltage is 300kV, the pulse width is 16ns, the energy storage density of the formed line is 0.5J/L, and the pulse width is 1.2 times of that of the coaxial straight-barrel-shaped line with the same size. Due to the use of transformer oil (epsilon) r = 2.25) as energy storage medium, the output pulse width of the comb-shaped pulse forming line with built-in tesla transformer generated on unit length is difficult to be increased to more than 100ns, and the energy storage density of the forming line is difficult to break through 1J/L.
From the above, the straight cylinder coaxial forming line is generally used for obtaining pulses with pulse widths of tens of nanoseconds, and if a rectangular wave electric pulse with a pulse width of more than 150ns needs to be obtained, even if the straight cylinder coaxial forming line of the high energy storage density liquid medium is adopted, the overall size of the pulse driving source is still too large, space resources and financial resources are wasted, so that in order to make the overall size more compact, the high energy storage density liquid medium is adopted, and meanwhile, the forming line needs to be optimizedAn inner conductor structure. In the comb pulse forming line as shown in fig. 1, although the slow wave structure formed by the comb structure on the outer wall of the inner conductor 1 and the smooth inner wall of the outer tube 2 can lengthen the output pulse width, the relative dielectric constant of the transformer oil is low (e) because of the liquid medium 5 used in the slow wave structure r And the resistivity is lower than that of 2.25 (the resistivity of the oil is about 10M omega cm), and the optimization of the structure design of the inner conductor forming the line is insufficient, so that the effect of the pulse width lengthening multiple is not obvious. Even if the forming line uses a liquid with a higher dielectric constant, the pulse width of the output voltage cannot be increased to several tens of nanoseconds. And the electric field inside the formed wire is not uniformly distributed, the local electric field close to the outer cylinder is almost zero, and the internal space resources of the formed wire cannot be fully utilized. How to fully utilize the internal space of the formed line and increase the pulse width of the output is still a technical problem to be overcome in the field.
At present, no technical scheme of a pulse forming line which adopts a high energy storage density liquid medium and has an inner conductor and an outer cylinder inner protrusion staggered radial folding slow wave structure is disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that a straight-tube coaxial forming line is difficult to provide rectangular wave pulse under the condition of smaller size, the comb-shaped forming line has the advantages of being absorbed, the structure of the comb-shaped forming line is optimized, the problems that the comb-shaped forming line is low in energy storage density, low in internal space utilization efficiency and the like are improved, and the high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folding type radial pulse forming line is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line comprises an inner conductor, an outer cylinder, a first insulating support plate, a second insulating support plate and a liquid medium. The entire structure is rotationally symmetric about the central axis OO'. The inner conductor is coaxially arranged in the center of the outer barrel, the two ends of the outer barrel are respectively sealed by the first insulating supporting plate and the second insulating supporting plate, and the outer barrel is grounded. One end (namely one end close to the first insulating support plate) of a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line connected with an external pulse transformer is the front end, and one end (namely one end close to the second insulating support plate) connected with a gas switch is the rear end. Generally, the forming line can be matched with a gas switch to play a role, if the gas switch is considered to be placed in a high-energy-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line, the axial length of the outer cylinder needs to be larger than that of the inner conductor, a certain space is reserved between the rear end of the inner conductor and the second insulating support plate, and the external gas switch is placed; if the gas switch is considered to be placed outside the folded radial pulse forming line, the axial lengths of the inner conductor and the outer cylinder are equal.
The inner conductor consists of a cylinder and n outer disc bulges, the cylinder is provided with two end faces but is hollow inside, the thickness of the two end faces and the thickness of the side wall are both m, m is generally 2-20 mm, and the outer radius of the cylinder is r z2 ，r z2 By R = ρ ln (R) w1 /r z2 ) Determining where r w1 For the outer radius of the outer cylinder, R is the impedance of the forming line to be designed, and ρ is the resistivity of the liquid medium. The inner radius of the cylinder being r z3 ，r z3 ＝r z2 -m. The axial length of the cylinder being l z I.e. the distance between the two end faces of the inner conductor (named front end face and rear end face) in the axial direction (including the thickness of the two end faces), l z By
The formula determines τ to be the desired output pulse width of the formed line to be designed. N outer disc bulges are processed on the outer wall of the cylinder along the circumferential direction, n-1 gaps among the n outer disc bulges are called as outer grooves, and the n outer disc bulges are regularly arranged at equal intervals. The outer radius of the bulge of the outer disc is r z1 General ratio of r w2 Small 0.5d, wherein r w2 The inner radius of the outer cylinder and the inner radius of the outer disc bulge are r z2 The thickness is m, d is the width of a slot, d is generally 5 mm-200 mm, wherein the interval between the first outer disk protrusion of the front end and the front end of the inner conductor is also d, and the interval between the last outer disk protrusion of the rear end and the rear end of the inner conductor is 1.5d, so that the thickness of the inner conductor is equal to that of the slot, and the width of the slot is equal to that of the slot, thereby the inner conductor is formed by the inner conductor and the outer conductor, and the inner conductor is formed by the inner conductor
The front end face of the inner conductor is connected with the first insulation supporting plate through a bolt, so that the outer pulse transformer can be conveniently connected. If the gas switch is placed in the forming line, the rear end face of the inner conductor is connected with the gas switch through a bolt, and the gas switch is connected with the second insulating support plate through a bolt; if the gas switch is placed outside the forming wire, the rear end face of the inner conductor is connected with the second insulating support plate through a bolt.
The outer cylinder consists of a cylinder and n inner circular ring bulges. The outer radius of the outer cylinder is r w1 Inner radius of r w2 Outer radius r w1 Equal to the radius of the external gas switch, the inner radius r w2 ＝r w1 -m. Axial length l of outer cylinder w I.e. the length between the two insulating support plates (excluding the thickness of the two insulating support plates), which depends on the inner conductor: if the gas switch is considered to be placed within the folded radial pulse forming line,/, then w Greater than the axial length l of the inner conductor z A certain space is reserved between the rear end face of the inner conductor and the second insulating support plate, and an external gas switch is placed in the space; if the switch is considered to be placed outside the folded radial pulse forming line,. L w ＝l z . The inner side wall of the outer cylinder is provided with n inner circular ring protrusions, the gaps among the n inner circular ring protrusions are n-1 and are called as inner grooves, the n inner circular ring protrusions are regularly arranged at equal intervals, and the positions of each inner groove and the corresponding outer groove are staggered by 0.5d in the axial direction. The width of each inner groove is d, the thickness of the inner circular ring protrusion is m, and the outer radius of the inner circular ring protrusion is r w2 All inner radii are r w3 General ratio of r z2 0.5d larger. Each inner circular ring protrusion is positioned in the middle between the two outer circular disc protrusions of the inner conductor and is embedded with the outer circular disc protrusions of the inner conductor in a staggered mode. The radial folding structure of the inner disc bulge and the outer disc bulge forms a slow wave structure, and can slow down the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the forming line, so that the output pulse width of the pulse forming line is increased. From the cross-sectional view of the formed line, the structure of the formed line is like the structure formed by folding a longer line, and the structure of the electric field actually formed by the structure is also folded, and the energy of the electric field isTo some extent, radially.
The liquid medium is filled in the space between the inner conductor and the outer cylinder to play an insulation role and prevent the inner conductor from being punctured with the outer cylinder when being charged with high voltage. The liquid medium is high energy storage density liquid medium (the high energy storage density liquid medium refers to relative dielectric constant epsilon) r >A liquid medium having a resistivity of 3 or more and more than 20 M.OMEGA.cm or more, e.g. castor oil ε r =4.3, glycerol epsilon r =37, propylene carbonate epsilon r Liquid =65, etc.). Because the forming line adopts the high-energy-storage-density liquid medium as the insulating medium, the forming line is called as a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folding type radial pulse forming line.
The first insulating supporting plate is a circular disc with a radius of r w1 . Since the forming wire is generally transverse and it is necessary to keep the inner conductor in the center of the outer cylinder and out of contact with the outer cylinder, in use a bolt on the first insulating support plate is connected to the left end of the inner conductor and acts to support the inner conductor. The weight of the support mainly falls on the insulating support plate, so that the thickness of the first insulating support plate can meet the requirement of supporting the inner conductor, and the thickness d of the first insulating support plate 1 Typically 10mm to 30mm. The first insulating support plate is arranged at the front end of the outer cylinder and plays a role in sealing and supporting the inner conductor.
The second insulating supporting plate has the same structure as the first insulating supporting plate. If the gas switch is arranged in the forming line, the second insulating supporting plate is connected with the gas switch through a bolt; if the gas switch is arranged outside the forming line, the second insulating support plate is arranged at the rear end of the outer barrel, connected with the right end of the inner conductor through a bolt and used for supporting the inner conductor, and the second insulating support plate plays a role in closing the forming line.
The inner conductor and the outer barrel are made of stainless steel materials, and the first insulating support plate and the second insulating support plate are generally made of nylon materials.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the folded radial pulse forming line inner conductor and the outer barrel are provided with the disc protrusion structures, the radial folding structures of the inner disc protrusion and the outer disc protrusion form a slow wave structure, the inner electric field is uniformly distributed when charging is conducted, the inner space of the line can be formed by full utilization, an LC circuit network is built automatically, the wave speed of electromagnetic waves transmitted on the forming line is slowed down, and the pulse width is lengthened.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following effects:
(1) The folding radial pulse forming line has the advantages that the discs between the inner conductor and the outer cylinder are folded in a staggered mode to form a slow wave structure, the space for forming the line can be fully utilized, the energy storage of the forming line is increased, the transmission speed of electromagnetic waves is reduced, long pulse output is realized, the integral structure is kept compact, the folding radial pulse forming line is applied to a high-power pulse driving source, and the size of the device can be greatly reduced or the output pulse width can be greatly increased.
(2) The high energy storage density liquid medium adopted by the invention can enable the energy storage density of the pulse forming line to reach more than 10J/L and increase the output pulse width of the pulse forming line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a high power pulse drive source based on an oil-based comb pulse forming line reported in the background art [ F. Ya. Zagulov, V.V.Kladukhin, S.V.Kladukhin, S.P.Khramtsov, and V.Yu.Yalov.applications of comb-type coaxial lines with a build-in transforming for generating high-power nonsecondd pulses [ J ]. Instruments and Experimental Techniques,2012, vol.55, no.6, pp.660-663 ];
FIG. 2 is a general block diagram of embodiment 1 of a high energy storage density liquid medium based folded radial pulse forming line (when a gas switch is placed in the forming line) of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the central axis OO' of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a general block diagram of embodiment 2 of a high energy storage density liquid medium based folded radial pulse forming line (when the gas switch is placed outside the forming line) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 taken along the center axis OO';
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional structural view of a folded radial pulse forming line inner conductor (same as embodiment 1 and embodiment 2);
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a folded type radial pulse forming bobbin taken along the center axis OO' (the same as in examples 1 and 2);
fig. 8 is a graph showing the result of electric field simulation of example 1 (gas switch placed in forming line) of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the simulation result of the electric field in example 2 of the present invention (the gas switch is placed outside the formation line).
Fig. 10 is a graph of a field-path collaborative simulation output voltage waveform of a high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line provided by the invention (the same as in example 1 and example 2).
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a high power pulse driving source based on an oil medium based comb pulse forming line, which is reported in background art documents [ f.ya.zakulov, v.v.kladukhin, s.v.kladukhin, s.p.khamtsov, and v.yu.yalv.applications of comb-type coaxial lines with a build-in converting for generating high-power nonsecondled pulses [ J ]. Instruments and Experimental technologies, 2012, vol.55, no.6, pp.660-663 ], and mainly consists of an inner conductor 1, an outer cylinder 2, an internal transformer 3, a load output 4 and a transformer oil medium 5. The front end refers to the end away from the load output 4 and the rear end refers to the end close to the load output 4.
The inner conductor 1 is made of a comb-shaped stainless steel circular tube with the radius of 75mm and the axial length of 1300 mm. The comb-shaped structure on the circular tube is composed of 20 disc protrusions, the outer radius of the comb-shaped structure is 75mm, the inner radius of the comb-shaped structure is 50mm, the thickness of the disc protrusions is 45mm, and the intervals among the disc protrusions are 45mm. The end face of the front end of the gas spark plug is welded with a metal cylinder boss with the diameter of 130mm and the length of 100mm, so that the gas spark plug can be conveniently connected with a gas spark switch and supported. A metal cylindrical boss with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 130mm is welded on the section of the rear end of the connecting rod, so that the connecting rod is convenient to connect, load and support. The outer cylinder 2 is made of a stainless steel round pipe with the inner radius of 110mm, the outer radius of 120mm and the axial length of 1300 mm. A through hole with the radius of 50mm is drilled at the geometric center of the drill rod. The liquid insulating medium is transformer oil medium 5.
FIG. 2 is a general block diagram of embodiment 1 of a high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line (with a gas switch placed inside the forming line) according to the present invention; fig. 3 is a sectional view of fig. 2 taken along a central axis OO'. The invention is composed of an inner conductor 1, an outer cylinder 2, a first insulating support plate 8, a second insulating support plate 9 and a liquid medium 5. The entire structure is rotationally symmetric about the central axis OO'. The inner conductor 1 is coaxially arranged in the center of the outer cylinder 2, two ends of the outer cylinder 2 are respectively sealed by a first insulating supporting plate 8 and a second insulating supporting plate 9, and the outer cylinder 2 is grounded. One end (namely one end close to the first insulating support plate 8) of the high-energy-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line connected with the external pulse transformer is the front end, and one end (namely one end close to the second insulating support plate 9) connected with the gas switch is the rear end. Fig. 2 shows that the gas switch is placed in a high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line, the axial length of the outer cylinder 2 needs to be greater than that of the inner conductor 1, a certain space is reserved between the rear end of the inner conductor 1 and the second insulating support plate 9, and an external gas switch is placed, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3; if the gas switch is placed outside the folded radial pulse forming line, the axial lengths of the inner conductor 1 and the outer cylinder 2 are equal, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
FIG. 4 is a general block diagram of embodiment 2 of a high energy storage density liquid medium based folded radial pulse forming line (gas switch placed outside the forming line) of the present invention; fig. 5 is a sectional view of fig. 4 along a central axis OO'. The only difference between fig. 4 and 5 and fig. 2 and 3 is that the axial lengths of the inner conductor 1 and the outer sleeve 2 in embodiment 2 are equal, i.e./ w ＝l z The remaining parameters in fig. 4 and 5 are identical to those in fig. 2 and 3 of embodiment 1, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 6, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the inner conductor 1 is composed of a cylinder 11 and n outer circular disk protrusions 12, the cylinder 11 has two end faces but is hollow inside, the thickness of the two end faces and the thickness of the side wall are both m, m is generally 2mm to 20mm, and the outer radius r of the cylinder 11 is z2 ，r z2 By R = ρ ln (R) w1 /r z2 ) Is determined in which r w1 For the outer radius of the outer cylinder 2, R is the impedance of the forming line to be designed and ρ is the resistivity of the liquid medium. The inner radius of the cylinder 11 is r z3 ，r z3 ＝r z2 -m. The axial length of the cylinder 11 isl z I.e. the distance between the two end faces (named front end face and rear end face) of the inner conductor 1 in the axial direction (including the thickness of the two end faces), l z By
The formula determines τ to be the desired output pulse width of the formed line to be designed. The outer wall of the cylinder 11 is provided with n outer disc protrusions 12 in the circumferential direction, and n-1 gaps between the n outer disc protrusions 12 are called as outer grooves 15, and the n outer disc protrusions 12 are regularly arranged at equal intervals. The outer radius of the outer disc bulge 12 is r z1 General ratio r w2 Small 0.5d, wherein r w2 The inner radius of the outer cylinder 2; inner radii are all r z2 The thickness is m, d is the width of a slot, d ranges from 5mm to 200mm, wherein the interval between the first outer circular disc protrusion 121 at the front end and the front end of the inner conductor 1 is also d, and the interval between the last outer circular disc protrusion 122 at the rear end and the rear end of the inner conductor 1 is 1.5d, so that the thickness is m, d is the width of a slot, d ranges from 5mm to 200mm, and the interval between the last outer circular disc protrusion 122 at the rear end and the rear end of the inner conductor 1 is also d, therefore
The preceding terminal surface of inner conductor 1 passes through the bolt to be connected with first insulation backup pad 8, is convenient for connect external pulse transformer, and the rear end face of inner conductor 1 passes through bolted connection gas switch, and gas switch passes through the second insulation backup pad of bolted connection.
As shown in fig. 7, in conjunction with fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the outer cylinder 2 is composed of a cylinder 21, n inner annular protrusions 22. The outer radius of the outer cylinder 2 is r w1 Inner radius of r w2 Outer radius r w1 Equal to the radius of the external gas switch, the inner radius r w2 ＝r w1 -m. Axial length l of outer tube 2 w I.e. the length between the two insulating support plates 8, 9 (excluding the thickness of the two insulating support plates), which depends on the inner conductor 1: if the gas switch is considered to be placed in the folded radial pulse forming line, then w Is longer than the axial length l of the inner conductor 1 z A certain space is reserved between the rear end face of the inner conductor 1 and the second insulating support plate 9, and an external gas switch is placed, as shown in fig. 2 and 3; if the switch is considered to be placed outside the folded radial pulse forming line,. L w ＝l z As in fig. 4 and 5. The inner side wall of the outer cylinder 2 is processed with n inner circular ring protrusions 22, the gaps among the n inner circular ring protrusions 22 are n-1, the inner circular ring protrusions are called as inner grooves 25, the n inner circular ring protrusions 22 are regularly arranged at equal intervals, and the position of each inner groove 25 is axially staggered from the position of the corresponding outer groove 15 by 0.5d. The width of each inner groove 25 is d, the thickness of the inner annular protrusion 22 is m, and the outer radius of the inner annular protrusion 22 is r w2 All inner radii are r w3 General ratio r z2 Is 0.5d larger. Each inner circular ring protrusion 22 is located at the middle position between the two outer circular disc protrusions 12 of the inner conductor 1, and is embedded with the outer circular disc protrusions 12 of the inner conductor 1 in a staggered manner. The radially folded structure of the inner and outer disk protrusions forms a slow wave structure, which is like a structure formed by folding a longer wire in a cross-sectional view of the formed wire, and the structure actually forms an electric field structure that is folded, and the energy of the electric field propagates a distance in the radial direction to some extent.
The liquid medium 5 is filled in the space between the inner conductor 1 and the outer cylinder 2, plays an insulating role and prevents the inner conductor 1 from being punctured with the outer cylinder 2 when being charged with high voltage. The liquid medium 5 adopts a high energy storage density liquid medium (which refers to a relative dielectric constant epsilon) r >3 or more and a resistivity of more than 20 M.OMEGA.. Cm).
The first insulating support plate 8 is a circular disc with a radius r w1 . The first insulating support plate 8 is connected to the inner conductor by bolts and functions to support the inner conductor. The weight of the support is to fall on the insulating support plate, so that the thickness of the first insulating support plate 8 is sufficient to support the inner conductor 1, and the thickness d thereof 1 Generally 10mm to 30mm. A first insulating support plate 8 is placed at the front end of the outer cylinder 2 and functions to close and support the inner conductor 1.
The second insulating support plate 9 is identical in structure to the first insulating support plate 8. If the gas switch is arranged in the forming line, the second insulating supporting plate 9 is connected with the gas switch by a bolt; if the gas switch is arranged outside the forming line, the second insulating support plate 9 is arranged at the rear end of the outer barrel 2, is connected with the rear end of the inner conductor 1 through a bolt and plays a role in supporting the inner conductor 1 and sealing the forming line.
The inner conductor 1 and the outer cylinder 2 are made of stainless steel materials, and the first insulating support plate 8 and the second insulating support plate 9 are generally made of nylon materials.
Example 1 as shown in fig. 2-3 realizes a folded type radial pulse forming line (gas switch is put in the forming line) in which the designed length is 650mm, and 11 (n = 11) sets of disc protrusion structures of staggered inlays are designed. The specific parameters are as follows: l z ＝650mm，l w ＝850mm，r w1 ＝235mm，r w2 ＝225mm，r w3 ＝125mm，r z1 ＝210mm，r z2 ＝235mm，r z3 ＝100mm，d＝50mm，m＝10mm，d 1 ＝10mm。
Example 2 as shown in fig. 4-5, realizes a folded type radial pulse forming line (gas switch is placed outside the forming line) where the designed length is 650mm, and 11 (n = 11) sets of staggered inlaid disk protrusion structures are designed. The specific parameters are as follows: l z ＝l w ＝650mm，r w1 ＝235mm，r w2 ＝225mm，r w3 ＝125mm，r z1 ＝210mm，r z2 ＝235mm，r z3 ＝100mm，d＝50mm，m＝10mm，d 1 ＝10mm。
The electric field simulation was performed for example 1, and the electric field simulation result graph is shown in fig. 8. The electric field simulation was performed for example 2, and the electric field simulation result chart is shown in fig. 9. In the case of impedance matching in the field-circuit co-simulation, the voltage waveforms of the field-circuit co-simulation output voltages of example 1 and example 2 completely coincide, as shown in fig. 10.
FIG. 8 shows the electric field distribution of example 1 obtained by applying a voltage of 1kV to the inner conductor using CST electromagnetic simulation software. The scale on the left in fig. 8 is the value of the variation of the electric field intensity with color, the darker the black, the larger the value of the electric field intensity. The right side of fig. 8 is the electric field distribution forming a line, the electric field is distributed between the outer discoid protrusions 12 and the inner discoid protrusions 22, and the intensity is represented by the depth of black. By observing the electric field distribution between the disc protrusions of the inner conductor 1 and the outer cylinder 2, the electric field distribution can be found to be in a folded shape, the black depth is basically consistent, and the electric field strength is proved to be uniform and sufficient. This means that the utilization of the space inside the forming wire is high.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional 2-dimensional view of the electric field distribution in example 2, and the electric field distribution inside the formed lines is the same as that in FIG. 8. The black areas at the two ends of the inner conductor are caused by the electric field simulation end effect and are irrelevant to the actual effect.
Fig. 10 is an output voltage waveform of examples 1 and 2. The abscissa is time and the ordinate is voltage. The voltage curve in the figure has a tendency to rapidly reach from 0V to around-100 kV, and after a duration of 180ns the voltage curve falls back to around 0V. It can be seen that the voltage waveform is an ideal quasi square wave pulse with a width of 180ns and a maximum amplitude of-100 kV.
From the results of the above examples, it can be seen that the pulse drive sources of examples 1 and 2 can output 100kV voltage pulse square waves, the pulse width is 180ns, and the length of the inner conductor of examples 1 and 2 is 650mm. The pulse width of the coaxial forming line of the examples 1 and 2 relative to the straight cylinder with the same size is 32ns, the pulse width is lengthened to 6 times of the pulse width, and the pulse width lengthening is remarkable. The pulse width of the output voltage of a comb-shaped pulse forming line in the prior art is 1.2 times that of a coaxial straight cylindrical line with the same size. The lengthening coefficient of the embodiment reaches 6 times, and the embodiment has great superiority.
From the results of the above embodiments, the present invention can solve the problem that it is difficult to provide a rectangular wave pulse under a small size condition for a straight-tube coaxial forming line, and at the same time, absorb the advantages of a comb-shaped forming line, optimize its structure, and improve its problems of low energy storage density, low internal space utilization efficiency, etc. The inner part of the invention is provided with a radial folding structure, the disc bulges between the inner conductor 1 and the outer cylinder 2 are folded in a staggered way, the inner electric field is uniformly distributed during charging, the formed electric field structure is folded, the energy of the electric field is transmitted for a certain distance along the radial direction to a certain extent, thus the inner space of a line can be fully utilized, and an LC circuit network is constructed by self, so that the wave speed of the electromagnetic wave transmitted on the line is slowed down, and the pulse width is lengthened. And then because the high energy storage density liquid medium with the relative dielectric constant more than 3 is adopted, the formed line has higher energy storage density, and the electrical length of the pulse forming line is further increased. Finally, the invention can realize long pulse output while keeping the whole structure compact.
Claims (10)
1. A high energy storage density liquid medium base folding type radial pulse forming line comprises an inner conductor (1), an outer cylinder (2) and a liquid medium (5), wherein the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central shaft OO', the inner conductor (1) is coaxially arranged in the center of the outer cylinder (2), and the outer cylinder (2) is grounded; the high-energy-density liquid medium-based folding type radial pulse forming line is characterized by further comprising a first insulating support plate (8) and a second insulating support plate (9); two ends of the outer cylinder (2) are respectively sealed by a first insulating support plate (8) and a second insulating support plate (9), one end of a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming wire connected with an external pulse transformer, namely the end close to the first insulating support plate (8), is the front end, and one end connected with a gas switch, namely the end close to the second insulating support plate (9), is the rear end; the gas switch is placed in the high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line, the axial length of the outer cylinder (2) is greater than that of the inner conductor (1), and a space for placing the gas switch is reserved between the rear end of the inner conductor (1) and the second insulating support plate (9);
the inner conductor (1) consists of a cylinder (11) and n outer disc bulges (12), the cylinder (11) is provided with two end surfaces, the interior of the cylinder is hollow, the thickness of the two end surfaces and the thickness of the side wall are both m, and the outer radius of the cylinder (11) is r z2 The inner radius of the cylinder (11) is r z3 ，r z3 ＝r z2 -m, axial length l of cylinder (11) z (ii) a The outer wall of the cylinder (11) is annularly sleeved with n outer disc bulges (12), n-1 gaps among the n outer disc bulges (12) are called as outer grooves (15), and the n outer disc bulges (12) are arranged at equal intervals; the outer radius of the outer disc bulge (12) is r z1 The inner radius of the outer disc bulge (12) is r z2 The thickness is m, the width of the outer groove (15) is d, the interval between the first outer circular disc protrusion (121) at the front end and the front end of the inner conductor (1) is also d, and the interval between the last outer circular disc protrusion (122) at the rear end and the rear end of the inner conductor (1) is 1.5d; the front end surface of the inner conductor (1) is connected with the first insulation supporting plate (8) through a bolt, and the rear end surface of the inner conductor (1) passes throughThe bolt is connected with a gas switch, and the gas switch is connected with a second insulating support plate (9) through the bolt;
the outer cylinder (2) consists of a cylinder 21 and n inner circular ring bulges (22), and the outer radius of the outer cylinder (2) is r w1 Inner radius of r w2 Outer radius r w1 Equal to the radius of the circumscribed gas switch, inner radius r w2 ＝r w1 -m; the axial length of the outer cylinder (2) is l w (ii) a N inner circular ring protrusions (22) are machined on the inner side wall of the outer cylinder (2), gaps among the n inner circular ring protrusions (22) are n-1 and are called as inner grooves (25), the n inner circular ring protrusions (22) are arranged at equal intervals, and the positions of each inner groove (25) and the corresponding outer groove (15) are axially staggered by 0.5d; the width of each inner groove (25) is d, the thickness of the inner circular ring protrusion (22) is m, and the outer radius of the inner circular ring protrusion (22) is r w2 All inner radii are r w3 (ii) a Each inner circular ring protrusion (22) is positioned in the middle between the two outer circular disc protrusions (12) of the inner conductor (1) and is embedded with the outer circular disc protrusions (12) of the inner conductor (1) in a staggered manner; the radial folding structure of the inner disc bulges and the outer disc bulges forms a slow wave structure;
the liquid medium (5) is filled in the space between the inner conductor (1) and the outer cylinder (2), and the liquid medium (5) adopts a high energy storage density liquid medium;
the first insulating supporting plate (8) is a disc with radius r w1 (ii) a Thickness d of the first insulating support plate (8) 1 The inner conductor (1) is supported, and the first insulating support plate (8) is placed at the front end of the outer cylinder (2);
the second insulating support plate (9) has the same structure as the first insulating support plate (8), and the second insulating support plate (9) is connected with the gas switch through bolts.
2. The high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas switch is placed outside the high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line, the axial lengths of the inner conductor (1) and the outer cylinder (2) are equal, the rear end face of the inner conductor (1) is connected with a second insulating support plate (9) through a bolt, the second insulating support plate (9) is placed at the rear end of the outer cylinder (2), and the second insulating support plate is connected with the right end of the inner conductor (1) through a bolt and supports the inner conductor (1).
3. The high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the two end faces and the thickness m of the side wall of the cylinder (11) are 2mm to 20mm, and the outer radius r is z2 From R = ρ ln (R) w1 /r z2 ) Is determined in which r w1 The radius of the outer cylinder (2), R is the impedance of a high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line, and rho is the resistivity of the liquid medium; axial length l of cylinder (11) z By
And determining by a formula, wherein tau is the output pulse width of the high-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line to be designed.
4. A high energy storage density liquid medium based folded radial pulse forming line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer radius r of the outer disc protrusion (12) is z1 Ratio r w2 Small 0.5d,r w2 The width d of the outer groove (15) is 5 mm-200 mm which is the inner radius of the outer cylinder (2), and the number of the outer disc bulges (12)
5. A high energy storage density liquid medium based folded radial pulse forming line as claimed in claim 1 wherein the axial length l of said outer barrel (2) is w Namely, the length between the two insulating support plates (8), (9) is determined according to the inner conductor (1): if the gas switch is placed in the folded radial pulse forming line, then w Is longer than the axial length l of the inner conductor (1) z If the gas switch is placed outside the folded radial pulse forming line, then w ＝l z 。
6. The high energy storage density liquid of claim 1A dielectric-based folded radial pulse forming line characterized in that the inner radius r of said inner annular protrusion (22) w3 Ratio r z2 0.5d larger.
7. The high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line of claim 1, wherein the high energy storage density liquid medium has a relative dielectric constant ∈ r >3 or more and a resistivity of more than 20M omega cm or more.
8. The high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line of claim 7, wherein the high energy storage density liquid medium is any one of castor oil, glycerin and propylene carbonate.
9. A high energy storage density liquid medium based folded radial pulse forming line as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first insulating support plate (8) has a thickness d 1 Is 10 mm-30 mm.
10. The high energy storage density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner conductor (1) and the outer cylinder (2) are made of stainless steel material, and the first insulating support plate (8) and the second insulating support plate (9) are made of nylon material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910397754.8A CN110098822B (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | High-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910397754.8A CN110098822B (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | High-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110098822A CN110098822A (en) | 2019-08-06 |
| CN110098822B true CN110098822B (en) | 2022-11-29 |
Family
ID=67447931
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910397754.8A Active CN110098822B (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | High-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110098822B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110995209B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-10-04 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Comb-shaped pulse forming line based on nano liquid medium |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR72540E (en) * | 1957-12-03 | 1960-04-14 | Jaeger Ets Ed | Improvements made to devices for removable fixing of a part in a housing provided in a support, in particular to those used for the removable mounting of a lamp socket in a hole provided in a panel or instrument panel of a vehicle |
| WO2016011972A1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Pulse power device based on annular ceramic solid state line |
| CN106712744A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Semicircular coaxial high-power pulse formation line |
| CN106788343A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of convoluted banding pulse-forming line based on high energy storage density liquid medium |
-
2019
- 2019-05-14 CN CN201910397754.8A patent/CN110098822B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR72540E (en) * | 1957-12-03 | 1960-04-14 | Jaeger Ets Ed | Improvements made to devices for removable fixing of a part in a housing provided in a support, in particular to those used for the removable mounting of a lamp socket in a hole provided in a panel or instrument panel of a vehicle |
| WO2016011972A1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Pulse power device based on annular ceramic solid state line |
| CN106712744A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Semicircular coaxial high-power pulse formation line |
| CN106788343A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of convoluted banding pulse-forming line based on high energy storage density liquid medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110098822A (en) | 2019-08-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107869342B (en) | Pipeline scale removal and rock stratum fracturing device based on liquid electric pulse shock wave | |
| CN110098822B (en) | High-energy-storage-density liquid medium-based folded radial pulse forming line | |
| Efremov et al. | Generation and radiation of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses with high stability and effective potential | |
| CN104362060A (en) | Dielectric filled compact type relativistic backward wave oscillator | |
| Yang et al. | Compact intense electron-beam accelerators based on high energy density liquid pulse forming lines | |
| CN110995209B (en) | Comb-shaped pulse forming line based on nano liquid medium | |
| Peng et al. | A high repetitive rate intense electron beam accelerator based on high coupling Tesla transformer | |
| CN104158430A (en) | Ultra-compact high-voltage nanosecond pulse source | |
| CN106712744B (en) | Semicircular coaxial high-power pulse forming line | |
| CN204089634U (en) | Ultra-compact high-voltage nanosecond pulse source | |
| Yu-Wei et al. | A compact magnetically insulated line oscillator with new-type beam dump | |
| CN105261541A (en) | High power radial line relativistic klystron amplifier | |
| CN112751173B (en) | Metamaterial slow-wave structure unit based on Cerenkov radiation mechanism and slow-wave structure | |
| CN108631640B (en) | Pulse driving source with variable output pulse width | |
| CN108807112B (en) | Coaxial double-dielectric interdigital arrangement high-power microwave device | |
| CN108831815B (en) | Periodic dielectric medium filled coaxial high-power microwave device | |
| CN204577823U (en) | A kind of coaxial state pulse forming line based on helical structure | |
| CN107565938A (en) | Solid-state high-power pulse forming line with vortex line type electrode structure | |
| CN105719925A (en) | High band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator | |
| CN1844954A (en) | Pulse discharge electrode | |
| Mao et al. | Three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation of monolithic radial transmission lines for Z-pinch | |
| Li et al. | A high-voltage, long-pulse generator based on magnetic pulse compressor and Blumlein-type rolled strip pulse forming line | |
| RU2422938C1 (en) | Relativistic magnetron with wave-guide outputs of capacity | |
| CN112788827B (en) | Gas discharge method for enhancing plasma intensity | |
| Matsumoto et al. | Development of low impedance nanosecond pulse generator and construction measurement environment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |