CN110095374A - The device and method of soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod - Google Patents
The device and method of soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod Download PDFInfo
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- CN110095374A CN110095374A CN201910276829.7A CN201910276829A CN110095374A CN 110095374 A CN110095374 A CN 110095374A CN 201910276829 A CN201910276829 A CN 201910276829A CN 110095374 A CN110095374 A CN 110095374A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
- G01N5/025—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content for determining moisture content
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of device and methods that soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod, the device includes that bottle cap, body and kerve constitute enclosure space, wherein between bottle cap and body, it is to be detachably connected between body and kerve, body inner wall is equipped with bracket, bracket is equipped with load measuring sensor, and load measuring sensor is also connected with chassis.The present invention can replace kerve at any time to carry out the measurement of different saturated salt solutions, and the same soil sample can be used and be measured by the way that body and kerve are arranged to dismountable structure, avoid otherness because of soil sample influence caused by experimental result.Load measuring sensor is connected by chassis, the variation of soil sample weight can be monitored at any time, it is not necessary that soil sample to be measured to be taken out to weighing from device, workload is not only greatly reduced, it also avoids because needing to take out the case where soil sample measures the equilibrium condition of soil sample and vapor in breaking plant generation, influence of the steam to measurement data during avoiding taking-up from weighing improves data precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, specially a kind of device that soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod
And method.
Background technique
Soil-water characteristic curve is defined as the relation curve between the water content and soil suction of soil, and native water content can be
Gravity water content (ω), volumetric(al) moisture content (θ) are also possible to saturation degree (Sr).Suction can be matric suction i.e. capillary pressure,
It could also say that total suction.When suction value is very high (generally higher than 1500kPa), matric suction and total suction generally be can be assumed that
It is equal.Measurement soil-water characteristic curve can be carried out with salt solustion mehtod.Saturated salt solution method is most common high suction
One of control technology controls ambient humidity by different salting liquids, to achieve the purpose that control soil sample suction.
The soil-water characteristic curve experimental study and application of unsaturated soil, Zhou Xiaoju, Beijing University of Technology, master thesis
The particular content of salt solustion mehtod test is given in page 18.And salt solustion mehtod measurement soil-water is commonly measured in soil test
The experimental provision of indicatrix is to be put into the saturated salt solution device of different types by using multiple soil samples to measure, and is tried
It needs to take out soil sample during testing at regular intervals and is measured quality and whether reaches to exchange confirming soil sample with aqueous vapor and put down
Weighing apparatus, there are certain drawbacks for this method: first, when measuring the variation of middle quality of soil sample of variety classes saturated salt solution
It needs to prepare multiple soil samples, is easy in this way because the otherness of multiple soil samples impacts experimental result；Second, determining soil
When water_air exchange between sample and vapor balances, needs to take out soil sample into weighing from device and need to weigh more
It is secondary, it is cumbersome；More seriously, the soil sample when soil sample is taken out weighing from device, in meeting breaking test device
With the equilibrium condition of vapor, the quality determination data of soil sample are rung.Therefore it is next to need to find a kind of device for solving above-mentioned drawback
Promote quality of experiments and efficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides it is a kind of with salt solustion mehtod survey soil-water characteristic curve device and
Method can be improved the precision and working efficiency of experiment.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that surveying the device of soil-water characteristic curve, including bottle cap, body with salt solustion mehtod
Enclosure space is constituted with kerve, is to be detachably connected between body and kerve wherein between bottle cap and body, body inner wall peace
Equipped with bracket, bracket is equipped with load measuring sensor, and load measuring sensor is also connected with chassis.
Further, the center chassis is equipped with support column, and the top of support column is equipped with the support for placing soil sample to be measured
Disk, pallet are evenly distributed with multiple perforative through-holes up and down, are additionally provided with permeable paper above pallet.
Further, the diameter of the pallet is not less than the diameter of soil sample to be measured, and the diameter on chassis is greater than the diameter of pallet.
Further, the ratio between the kerve diameter and height >=1.
It further, is to be threadedly coupled between body and kerve between the bottle cap and body.
Further, collected data are transferred to controller by load measuring sensor, and are carried out by controller to data
Processing.
Further, controller is single-chip microcontroller or embedded system or PLC system
The invention further relates to the methods using the device measurement soil-water characteristic curve, comprising the following steps:
1) multiple groups saturated salt solution is prepared, soil sample to be measured is prepared；
2) soil sample to be measured is put on pallet, and pads permeable paper between pallet and soil sample to be measured, saturated salt solution is fallen
Enter in kerve, and bottle cap, body and kerve are assembled, read after placement, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement are recognized when constant
Water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance, it is believed that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；
3) soil sample to be measured is constant, and different saturated salt solutions is replaced in kerve, and bottle cap, body and kerve are assembled, put
Reading is postponed, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant,
Think that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；
4) soil sample to be measured measured according to each group saturated salt solution relative humidity at different temperatures and load measuring sensor
The variation of quality is calculated the final moisture content of soil sample to be measured, and then obtains the volumetric water content of soil sample, final to draw with to be measured
Soil sample volumetric water content is ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as the soil-water characteristic curve of abscissa.
Further, the salting liquid is 8 groups, respectively K2SO4、KNO3、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、K2CO3、MgCl2With
CH3The saturated solution of COOK.
Further, diameter 61.88mm, the compacted samples of height 10mm are made using cutting ring in the soil sample to be measured.
The present invention controls different envionmental humidities by different salting liquids, is then placed in soil sample to be measured different
Under relative humidity conditions, after the moisture in soil sample to be measured reaches water-vapor exchange balance under relative humidity conditions, it is believed that soil to be measured
Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in sample；Obtain following relationship, according to the relationship between relative humidity and suction be calculated to
Survey total suction of soil sample.
In formula: total suction of S- soil: kPa
RH- relative humidity
R- argoshield constant: 8.314J (molK)
T- thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0The specific volume (m3/kg) of water
ωvThe molal weight (18.016kg/mol) of vapor
Simultaneously as according to the moisture content of the Mass Calculation soil sample to be measured before soil sample to be measured experiment and after the completion of experiment, tool
Body calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: the final moisture content of ω-soil sample (%)
The initial mass (g) of m- soil sample
The quality (g) of soil sample when m1- water_air exchange balances.
The final moisture content of soil sample is taken as volumetric water content, and finally drawing with soil sample volumetric water content to be measured is vertical sit
Mark, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as the soil-water characteristic curve of abscissa.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention can replace kerve at any time by the way that body and kerve are arranged to dismountable structure to carry out difference
The measurement of saturated salt solution, and the same soil sample can be used and be measured, avoid the otherness because of soil sample to experimental result
Caused by influence.
2, apparatus of the present invention can monitor the variation of soil sample weight at any time, be not necessarily to by the way that chassis is connected load measuring sensor
Soil sample to be measured is taken out to weighing from device, does not significantly reduce workload suddenly, it is thus also avoided that is destroyed because taking out soil sample measurement
The case where equilibrium condition of soil sample and vapor in device, occurs, and steam is to measurement data during avoiding taking-up weighing
It influences, improves the precision of data.
3, the present invention above the chassis that load measuring sensor connects by being arranged support column, setting pallet above support column,
The weight of soil sample to be measured acts on the centre on chassis by support column on pallet, so that the data that load measuring sensor measures are more
It is accurate.
4, pallet is arranged by the top on chassis in the present invention, and the diameter on chassis is greater than the diameter of pallet, pallet
On soil sample to be measured during the test may be loose after water loss, cause falling off for part soil sample, and the soil after falling off
Sample can drop into chassis, will not influence the accuracy of data because soil sample is fallen in salting liquid.
5, the pallet in the present invention is uniformly distributed multiple perforative through-holes up and down, can make bottom and the surrounding of soil sample to be measured
Air in environment comes into full contact with, and reaches the balance of steam, so that measurement result is more accurate.
6, all parts structure of apparatus of the present invention is simple, is easily worked or can be directly from buying on the market, cost
Cheap, easy for installation, effect is promoted obvious.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the chassis top view of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the pallet top view of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the main view of apparatus of the present invention load measuring sensor.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated.
As shown in Figs 1-4, the present invention provides the devices that soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod, including bottle cap 1, bottle
Body 3 and kerve 10 constitute enclosure space, are to be detachably connected between body and kerve wherein between bottle cap and body, body
Inner wall is equipped with bracket 8, and bracket is equipped with load measuring sensor 9, and load measuring sensor is also connected with chassis 7.
In preferred embodiment, the center chassis is equipped with support column 5, and the top of support column is equipped with for placing soil sample to be measured
Pallet 6, pallet are evenly distributed with multiple perforative through-holes up and down, are additionally provided with permeable paper 4 above pallet.The setting of permeable paper, one
Aspect prevents soil sample from falling off from through-hole convenient for the integrality of holding soil sample, on the other hand, convenient for the exchange of steam, reaches as early as possible
To balance.
Further, the diameter of the pallet is not less than the diameter of soil sample to be measured, and the diameter on chassis is greater than the diameter of pallet.
It, can also be in the periphery setting flange of pallet, for blocking the soil sample to fall off in further preferred scheme.
In preferred embodiment, the ratio between the kerve diameter and height >=1.The appropriate area for increasing kerve, can increase saturated salt
The contact area of solution and ambient enviroment makes the steam in air reach balance as early as possible.
It is to be threadedly coupled between body and kerve between the bottle cap and body in preferred embodiment.It is also possible to key company
It connects or pin connection etc..
In preferred embodiment, collected data are transferred to controller 2 by load measuring sensor, and by controller to data into
Row processing.The optional model XRL-45 of load measuring sensor.
Further, controller is single-chip microcontroller or embedded system or PLC system.Optionally, the model of single-chip microcontroller
STC89C52。
Using the method for the device measurement soil-water characteristic curve, comprising the following steps:
1) soil sample to be measured is prepared；Specifically, diameter 61.88mm, the compacting of height 10mm is made using cutting ring in soil sample to be measured
Soil sample.Multiple groups saturated salt solution is prepared, 8 groups of saturated salt solutions, respectively K are such as prepared2SO4、KNO3、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、
K2CO3、MgCl2And CH3The saturated solution of COOK.Prepared salting liquid is put into hermetically sealed can storage, and it is molten to can effectively prevent salt
The volatilization of liquid ensure that the stability of salting liquid property.And determine each group saturated salt solution in not equality of temperature by consulting related data
Relative humidity under degree.It is listed below common saturated salt solution corresponding humidity (%) under condition of different temperatures, specifically
It is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
2) soil sample to be measured is put on pallet, and pads permeable paper between pallet and soil sample to be measured, saturated salt solution is fallen
Enter in kerve, and bottle cap, body and kerve are assembled, read after placement, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement are recognized when constant
Water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance, it is believed that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；
3) soil sample to be measured is constant, and different saturated salt solutions is replaced in kerve, and bottle cap, body and kerve are assembled, put
Reading is postponed, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant,
Think that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；
4) soil sample to be measured measured according to each group saturated salt solution relative humidity at different temperatures and load measuring sensor
The variation of quality is calculated the final moisture content of soil sample to be measured, and then obtains the volumetric water content of soil sample, final to draw with to be measured
Soil sample volumetric water content is ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as the soil-water characteristic curve of abscissa.
Further, the theoretical calculation formula of the relationship between the relative humidity and suction is as follows:
In formula: total suction of S- soil: kPa
RH- relative humidity
R- argoshield constant: 8.314J (molK)
(temperature is traditionally arranged to be 25 DEG C of room temperature environment to T- thermodynamic temperature (K), can also be according to specifically needing to pass through perseverance
The suitable temperature of the adjustment such as incubator need to only use the corresponding relative humidity of the temperature in subsequent calculating.)
Vw0Specific volume (the m of water3/kg)
ωvThe molal weight (18.016kg/mol) of vapor
The moisture content theoretical calculation formula of soil sample to be measured is as follows:
In formula: the final moisture content of ω-soil sample (%)
The initial mass (g) of m- soil sample
The quality (g) of soil sample when m1- water_air exchange balances.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and are not construed as limitation of the invention, this hair
Bright protection scope should be with the technical solution of claim record, technical characteristic in the technical solution recorded including claim
Equivalents are protection scope.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. surveying the device of soil-water characteristic curve with salt solustion mehtod, it is characterised in that: constitute and close including bottle cap, body and kerve
Space is to be detachably connected between body and kerve wherein between bottle cap and body, and body inner wall is equipped with bracket, bracket
It is equipped with load measuring sensor, load measuring sensor is also connected with chassis.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the center chassis is equipped with support column, the top of support column
Equipped with the pallet for placing soil sample to be measured, pallet is evenly distributed with multiple perforative through-holes up and down, is additionally provided with above pallet
Water paper.
3. the apparatus of claim 2, it is characterised in that: the diameter of the pallet is not less than the diameter of soil sample to be measured,
The diameter on chassis is greater than the diameter of pallet.
4. the apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ratio between the kerve diameter and height >=1.
5. the apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: between the bottle cap and body, between body and kerve
To be threadedly coupled.
6. the apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: collected data are transferred to control by load measuring sensor
Device, and data are handled by controller.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: controller is single-chip microcontroller or embedded system or PLC system.
8. using the method for the measurement soil-water characteristic curve of device described in claim 1-7 any one, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
1) multiple groups saturated salt solution is prepared, soil sample to be measured is prepared；
2) soil sample to be measured is put on pallet, and pads permeable paper between pallet and soil sample to be measured, saturated salt solution is poured into bottom
In slot, and bottle cap, body and kerve are assembled, read after placement, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement think soil when constant
Water-vapor exchange between sample and vapor reaches balance, it is believed that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；
3) soil sample to be measured is constant, and different saturated salt solutions is replaced in kerve, bottle cap, body and kerve is assembled, after placement
Reading, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that
Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；
4) quality of soil sample to be measured measured according to each group saturated salt solution relative humidity at different temperatures and load measuring sensor
Variation, the final moisture content of soil sample to be measured is calculated, and then obtain the volumetric water content of soil sample, it is final to draw with soil sample to be measured
Volumetric water content is ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as the soil-water characteristic curve of abscissa.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized by: the salting liquid be 8 groups, respectively K2SO4、KNO3、KCl、
NaCl、NaBr、K2CO3、MgCl2And CH3The saturated solution of COOK.
10. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized by: the theory of the relationship between the relative humidity and suction
Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: total suction of S- soil: kPa
RH- relative humidity
R- argoshield constant: 8.314J (molK)
T- thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0The specific volume (m3/kg) of water
ωvThe molal weight (18.016kg/mol) of vapor
The moisture content theoretical calculation formula of soil sample to be measured is as follows:
In formula: the final moisture content of ω-soil sample (%)
The initial mass (g) of m- soil sample
The quality (g) of soil sample when m1- water_air exchange balances.
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| CN110455669A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-15 | 三峡大学 | A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology |
| CN113049779A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-29 | 华中农业大学 | Device and method for measuring soil moisture characteristic curve under dry-wet alternation condition based on salt solution method |
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