CN110455669A - A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology - Google Patents

A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology Download PDF

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CN110455669A
CN110455669A CN201910816903.XA CN201910816903A CN110455669A CN 110455669 A CN110455669 A CN 110455669A CN 201910816903 A CN201910816903 A CN 201910816903A CN 110455669 A CN110455669 A CN 110455669A
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soil sample
soil
water
quality
salt solution
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张华�
于光涛
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
    • G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract

A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology, including bottle body, it is equipped with soil sample in bottle body, soil sample is placed in pallet, pallet lower end is fixed on chassis, and chassis is connect by load measuring sensor with the intracorporal support frame of bottle；The soil sample top, side are equipped with camera No.1, camera No. two numbers.A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology provided by the invention, the volumetric water content of soil sample can be obtained by directly measuring soil sample volume, improves accuracy.

Description

One kind is special by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil-water with photogrammetric technology Levy the experimental provision of curve
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of by accurately quick with photogrammetric technology Measure the experimental provision of salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction.
Background technique
The experimental provision that soil―structure interaction is quickly measured with salt solustion mehtod used in centrifugal modeling is obtaining soil sample It is the variation that front and back quality of soil sample is balanced using the water_air exchange by measuring between soil sample and vapor when volumetric water content, It obtains final moisture content and its volumetric water content is calculated again, but there is the unreasonable places of the following for this device: its One: experimental error is easy to produce in calculating process by the volumetric water content that soil sample is calculated in final moisture content；Second, former Device can only observe the variation of quality of soil sample and cannot observe and fully take into account the variation of soil sample volume；Third, by most The method that volumetric water content is calculated in whole moisture content is more troublesome, it has not been convenient to.Therefore need to find a kind of above-mentioned drawback of solution Device promote quality of experiments and benefit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind by accurately quickly measuring salt with photogrammetric technology The experimental provision of solwution method soil―structure interaction, can not only be by observing the variation of volume of sample, moreover it is possible to pass through measurement soil sample Volume obtains the volumetric water content of soil sample while improving the quality and efficiency of experiment.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology, Including bottle body, it is equipped with soil sample in bottle body, soil sample is placed in pallet, and pallet lower end is fixed on chassis, and chassis passes through Load sensor Device is connect with the intracorporal support frame of bottle；The soil sample top, side are equipped with camera No.1, camera No. two numbers.
The bottle body includes body, bottom of bottle slot and bottle cap, and body is threadedly coupled with bottom of bottle slot, bottle cap respectively up and down.
It is covered with leak hole on the pallet, permeable paper is equipped between pallet and soil sample.
The diameter of the pallet is not less than the diameter of soil sample, and the diameter on chassis is greater than the diameter of pallet.
The camera No.1, camera two connect with industrial computer communication, acquired image is passed into industrial personal computer； The load measuring sensor is connect with controller.
A kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) prepares soil sample to be measured and the different supersaturated salt solution of a variety of relative humidity.Soil sample to be measured is put into In pallet, one of supersaturated salt solution is poured into bottom of bottle slot, and body, bottom of bottle slot, bottle cap assembling are sealed.Pass through work Control machine obtains the volume of soil sample at this time and quality is respectively V0And m0；
Step 2) thinks that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches until the data of load measuring sensor measurement are constant To balance, it is believed that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively1 And m1, the variable quantity of test front and back quality of soil sample is Δ m at this time1=m0-m1；
Step 3), soil sample to be measured are constant, replace another supersaturated salt solution.It is read after placement by industrial personal computer, until carrying The data of weight sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that in soil sample to be measured Suction records the volume of soil sample equal to saturated vapour pressure and quality is denoted as V respectively2And m2, front and back quality of soil sample is tested at this time Variable quantity is Δ m2=m1–m2；
Step 4) repeats step 3), until a variety of supersaturated salt solutions reach the V measured after balance in water-vapor exchangeiWith mi, the variable quantity of test front and back quality of soil sample is Δ mi=mi-1-mi；
Step 5) tables look-up the relative humidity obtained different saturated salt solutions in room temperature and is input to work in programming process In control machine, acquisition and calculating to related data are realized by industrial personal computer programming, it is molten in various supersaturated salt to finally obtain soil sample Suction under liquid relative humidity.
Step 6) after testing to a variety of saturated salt solutions, takes out soil sample, weighs after being put into dryer drying completely The quality of soil sample is denoted as mi+1, dry the of poor quality of front and back and be denoted as Δ mi+1=mi-mi+1,
Step 7) finally obtains the volume of aqueous after the test of each saturated salt solution by soil sample volumetric water content formula Rate.
Step 8), final drafting are using soil sample volumetric water content to be measured as ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as abscissa Soil-water characteristic curve.
7, a kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction according to claim 6, feature exist In: in step 5): the theoretical calculation formula of suction is as follows:
In formula: total suction of S- soil: kPa
RH- relative humidity
R- argoshield constant:
T- thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0The specific volume (m3/kg) of water
ωvThe molal weight (18.016kg/mol) of vapor
RH- relative humidity
8, a kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction according to claim 6, feature exist In: in step 7): soil sample volumetric water content calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: Δ miThe quality of soil sample and soil when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution The difference (kg) of the quality of sample
ΔVωiThe moisture vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution Volume (m3)
ρ-water density (1*103kg/m3)
ΔVωiThe moisture vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution Volume (m3)
ViPlace the volume (m of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance3)
QiPlace the volumetric water content (%) of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance
9, a kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction according to claim 6, feature exist In: image is passed to industrial personal computer, industry control by No. two camera No.1, camera images for collecting soil sample Machine carries out the comparison of color by image processing software, can extract the profile that soil sample is tested in photo, then obtains test soil Sample deforms the pixel value of forward and backward occupied area, thus calculates the deflection of test soil sample boundary variation, to calculate test soil The actual deformation of sample.
A kind of experiment by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology of the present invention Device has following technical effect that
It 1) is, that volumetric water content, this dress are calculated by quality measurement moisture content when measuring volumetric water content Set the volumetric water content that can directly obtain soil sample
2), not only it is observed that the variation of quality, can also sufficiently observe the variation of soil sample volume.
3), compared to the experimental provision by measuring soil―structure interaction with salt solustion mehtod, the present apparatus can be mentioned preferably The quality and efficiency of height experiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is soil-water characteristic curve figure in the present invention.
In figure: bottle body 1, camera No.1 2, body 3, permeable paper 4, support column 5, pallet 6, chassis 7, support frame 8 carry Re-transmission sensor 9, bottom of bottle slot 10, camera No. two 11, soil sample 12, controller 13, industrial personal computer 14, bottle cap 15.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology Experimental provision, including bottle body 1, bottle body 1 include body 3, and 3 upper end of body is threadedly coupled with bottle cap 15,10 spiral shell of lower end and bottom of bottle slot Line connection.
It is fixed with support frame 8 in 3 side of body, load measuring sensor 9 is installed on support frame 8, load measuring sensor 9 Model XRL-45.
It is fixed with chassis 7 on load measuring sensor 9, support column 5 is fixed on chassis 7, pallet 6 is supported by support column 5.Here Pallet 6 on be covered with through-hole, permeable paper 4, soil sample 12 are sequentially placed on pallet 6.
The diameter of the pallet 6 is not less than the diameter of soil sample 12, and the diameter on chassis 7 is greater than the diameter of pallet 6.Because soil sample is Being put on pallet then pallet certainly should be not less than soil sample diameter, and pallet is put on chassis, during the experiment, is difficult to avoid Soil sample particle occurs to fall off, and soil sample particle cannot be made to fall in solution, thus must chassis diameter be greater than pallet and soil sample, Particle is allowed to fall on chassis
The ratio between diameter and height of the bottom of bottle slot 10 >=1.
Camera No.1 2, camera No. two 11, camera are respectively arranged in the side of 15 inner top surface of bottle cap and body 3 No.1 2, camera No. two 11 diameters for being respectively used to record soil sample and length variation.Camera No.1 2, camera No. two 11 adopt It is cossim, the camera of model XFCAM1080PHD with the brand that Beijing Century Ke Xin scientific instrument Co., Ltd produces.
Here load measuring sensor 9 is sequentially connected by circuit with controller 13, industrial personal computer 14.Here controller 13 is Single-chip microcontroller or embedded system or PLC controller, and data are handled by controller 13.And camera No.1 2, camera shooting First No. two 11 and 14 communication connection of industrial personal computer, pass to industrial personal computer 14 for acquired image.Here camera No.1 2 is main It will be in order to obtain the height H of soil sample 12, and camera No. two 11 is mainly for obtaining the diameter D of soil sample 12.
Such as: camera No.1 2 can take the photo of soil sample variation front and back, and photo is passed to the figure in industrial personal computer 14 As processing software, it can be obtained using image processing software and test the pixel value a, DPI of soil sample in photo (in image per inch length Points) be b, the height of soil sample is in photoIn photo thus the height of deformation front and back can obtain.
Actual height after specimen deformation (when soil sample aqueous vapor balances) is h, and the actual height of original soil sample is h1, is clapped Photo Central Plains soil sample height is h2, and soil sample height is h3 after deformation.
Then deformed actual height are as follows:
Similarly
Also deformed actual diameter can be obtained:
By the cubature formula of cylindrical body can be obtained place i-th kind of solution experiments device reach soil sample aqueous vapor balance when The volume of soil sample.
A kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) prepares soil sample to be measured and the different supersaturated salt solution of a variety of relative humidity.Soil sample to be measured is put into In pallet, one of supersaturated salt solution is poured into bottom of bottle slot, and body, bottom of bottle slot, bottle cap assembling are sealed.Pass through work Control machine obtains the volume of soil sample at this time and quality is respectively V0And m0；
Step 2) thinks that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches until the data of load measuring sensor measurement are constant To balance, it is believed that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively1 And m1, the variable quantity of test front and back quality of soil sample is Δ m at this time1=m0-m1；
Step 3), soil sample to be measured are constant, replace another supersaturated salt solution.It is read after placement by industrial personal computer, until carrying The data of weight sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that in soil sample to be measured Suction records the volume of soil sample equal to saturated vapour pressure and quality is denoted as V respectively2And m2, front and back quality of soil sample is tested at this time Variable quantity is Δ m2=m1–m2；
Step 4) repeats step 3), until a variety of supersaturated salt solutions reach the V measured after balance in water-vapor exchangeiWith mi, the variable quantity of test front and back quality of soil sample is Δ mi=mi-1-mi；
Step 5) tables look-up the relative humidity obtained different saturated salt solutions in room temperature and is input to work in programming process In control machine, acquisition and calculating to related data are realized by industrial personal computer programming, it is molten in various supersaturated salt to finally obtain soil sample Suction under liquid relative humidity.
Step 6) after testing to a variety of saturated salt solutions, takes out soil sample, weighs after being put into dryer drying completely The quality of soil sample is denoted as mi+1, dry the of poor quality of front and back and be denoted as Δ mi+1=mi-mi+1,
Step 7) finally obtains the volume of aqueous after the test of each saturated salt solution by soil sample volumetric water content formula Rate.
Step 8), final drafting are using soil sample volumetric water content to be measured as ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as abscissa Soil-water characteristic curve.
In step 5): the theoretical calculation formula of suction is as follows:
In formula: total suction of S- soil: kPa
RH- relative humidity
R- argoshield constant:
T- thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0The specific volume (m3/kg) of water
ωvThe molal weight (18.016kg/mol) of vapor
RH- relative humidity
In step 7): soil sample volumetric water content calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: Δ miThe quality of soil sample and soil when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution The difference (kg) of the quality of sample
ΔVωiThe moisture vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution Volume (m3)
ρ-water density (1*103kg/m3)
ΔVωiThe moisture vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution Volume (m3)
ViPlace the volume (m of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance3)
QiPlace the volumetric water content (%) of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance
Specific embodiment 1
A kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction, includes the next steps:
1) soil sample to be measured is prepared；Specifically, the compacted samples of diameter are made of cutting ring for soil sample to be measured.
2) multiple groups supersaturated salt solution, is prepared, 8 groups of supersaturated salt solutions, respectively KOH, LiCl, CaCl are such as prepared2, Zn (NO3)2, Mg (CH3COO)2, NH4Cl, Na2SO4, CaSO4Saturated solution.Prepared salting liquid is put into hermetically sealed can storage, can Effectively to prevent the volatilization of salting liquid from ensure that the stability of salting liquid property.And each group mistake is determined by consulting related data The relative humidity of saturated salt solution at different temperatures.It is listed below common supersaturated salt solution phase under condition of different temperatures Corresponding humidity (%), specifically see the table below.
Temperature (DEG C) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Lithium chloride 16 14 13 12 11 11 11 11
Potassium acetate 25 24 24 23 23 23 23 23
Magnesium bromide 32 31 31 31 31 30 30 30
Magnesium chloride 33 33 33 33 33 32 32 31
Potassium carbonate - 47 45 44 43 42 41 40
Magnesium nitrate 54 53 53 52 52 52 51 51
Sodium bromide 59 58 58 57 57 57 57 57
Copper chloride 65 68 68 68 67 67 67 67
Lithium acetate 72 72 71 70 68 66 65 64
Strontium chloride 77 77 75 73 71 69 68 68
Sodium chloride 76 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Ammonium sulfate 81 80 79 79 79 79 79 79
Caddy 83 83 83 82 82 82 79 75
Potassium bromide - 86 85 84 83 82 81 80
Lithium sulfate 84 84 85 85 85 85 85 81
Potassium chloride 88 87 87 86 86 84 84 83
Potassium chromate 89 89 88 88 87 86 84 82
Sodium benzoate 88 88 88 88 88 88 86 83
3), soil sample to be measured is put on pallet 6, and pads permeable paper 4 between pallet 6 and soil sample to be measured, by the CaSO that satiates4 Solution pours into kerve, and bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, and after placing soil sample, uses photogrammetric skill respectively Art and load measuring sensor record the volume of soil sample at this time and quality is respectively V0=58.9cm3And m0=172g, until load-carrying passes The data of sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that suction in soil sample to be measured Equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively1=47.22cm3And m1=137.8g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards1=m0-m1=34.2g.
4) supersaturation Na2SO4 solution, is replaced, bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, read after placement, until The data of load measuring sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that soil sample to be measured Middle suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively2=39.96cm3And m2=116.7g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards2=m1–m2=21.2g.
5) supersaturation NH4Cl solution, is replaced, bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, read after placement, until carrying The data of weight sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that in soil sample to be measured Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively3=34.8cm3And m3=101.63g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards3=m2–m3=15.066g.
6) supersaturation Mg (CH3COO) 2 solution, is replaced, bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, read after placement Number, until the data of load measuring sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that It surveys suction in soil sample and is equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively4=30.63cm3And m4=89.45g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards4=m3–m4=12.18g.
7), bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, are read after placement by replacement supersaturation, 2 solution of Zn (NO3), The data measured to load measuring sensor think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that soil to be measured Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in sample；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively5=25.83cm3And m5=75.434g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards5=m4–m5=14.016g.
8) supersaturation CaCl2 solution, is replaced, bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, read after placement, until carrying The data of weight sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that in soil sample to be measured Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively6=22.44cm3And m6=65.534g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards6=m5–m6=9.9g.
9) supersaturation LiCl solution, is replaced, bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, read after placement, until carrying The data of weight sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that in soil sample to be measured Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively7=18.95m3And m7=55.334g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m afterwards7=m6–m7=10.2g.
10) supersaturated KOH solution, is replaced, bottle cap 15, body 3 and bottom of bottle slot 10 are assembled, read after placement, until carrying The data of weight sensor measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that in soil sample to be measured Suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure；
The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively8=17.5cm3And m8=51.134g, before testing at this time The variable quantity of quality of soil sample is Δ m8=m7-m8=4.2g afterwards.
11) it, tables look-up and 1 obtains different saturated salt solutions and obtain its relative humidity in room temperature (being commonly referred to be 20 DEG C) and compiling Industrial personal computer 14 is inputted during journey, realizes adopting to related data (quality of soil sample, volume etc.) by programming to industrial personal computer 14 Collection and calculating, obtain suction of the soil sample under each relative humidity.Relationship between relative humidity and suction is as shown in the table:
Saturated salt solution Relative humidity % 20 DEG C of suction (MPa)
KOH 7 377.6
LiCl 15 269.35
CaCl 32.3 160.45
Zn(NO3)2 42 123.11
Mg(CH3COO)2 52 91.9
NH4Cl 79.3 33
Na2SO4 93 10.3
CaSO4 98 2.9
12) it, after eight kinds of saturated salt solution tests, takes out after soil sample is put into dryer drying completely and weighs soil sample Quality is denoted as m9=48.3g remembers Δ m9=m8-m9=2.83g passes through formula
In formula: Δ miThe quality of soil sample and soil when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution The difference (kg) of the quality of sample
ΔVωiThe moisture vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution Volume (m3)
ρ-water density (1*103kg/m3)
To the volume that soil sample moisture after soil sample drying volatilizees when obtaining placing the 8th kind of salting liquid.
Then pass through formula
In formula: Δ VωiIt is vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution Water volume (m3)
ViPlace the volume (m of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance3)
QiPlace the volumetric water content (%) of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance
The volumetric water content for obtaining placing soil sample when the 8th kind of salting liquid soil sample reaches aqueous vapor balance, similarly repeats above-mentioned The volumetric water content of soil sample when the 1-7 saturated salt solution with placement initial to soil sample of operation
Specific volumetric water content calculated result is as shown in the table
It is final to draw using soil sample volumetric water content to be measured as ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as the Tu Shuite of abscissa Curve is levied, as shown in Figure 2.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology, It is characterized in that: including bottle body (1), being equipped with soil sample (12) in bottle body (1), soil sample (12) is placed in pallet (6), pallet (6) lower end It is fixed on chassis (7), chassis (7) are connect by load measuring sensor (9) with the support frame (8) in bottle body (1)；The soil sample (12) top, side are equipped with camera No.1 (2), camera two (11).
2. according to claim 1 a kind of special by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil-water with photogrammetric technology Levy the experimental provision of curve, it is characterised in that: the bottle body (1) includes body (3), bottom of bottle slot (10) and bottle cap (15), body (3) it is threadedly coupled respectively with bottom of bottle slot (10), bottle cap (15) up and down.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of special by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil-water with photogrammetric technology Levy the experimental provision of curve, it is characterised in that: be covered with leak hole on the pallet (6), be equipped between pallet (6) and soil sample (12) saturating Water paper (4).
4. according to claim 3 a kind of special by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil-water with photogrammetric technology Levy curve experimental provision, it is characterised in that: the diameter of the pallet (6) be not less than soil sample (12) diameter, chassis (7) it is straight Diameter is greater than the diameter of pallet (6).
5. according to claim 1 a kind of special by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil-water with photogrammetric technology Levy the experimental provision of curve, it is characterised in that: the camera No.1 (2) communicates for camera two (11) with industrial personal computer (14) Connection, passes to industrial personal computer (14) for acquired image；The load measuring sensor (9) connect with controller (13).
6. one kind described in -5 is by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil-water with photogrammetric technology according to claim 1 The experimental provision of indicatrix carries out soil―structure interaction method for measuring, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1) prepares soil sample to be measured and the different supersaturated salt solution of a variety of relative humidity.Soil sample to be measured (12) is put into In pallet (6), one of supersaturated salt solution is poured into bottom of bottle slot (10), and by body (3), bottom of bottle slot (10), bottle cap (15) assembling sealing.The volume of soil sample (12) at this time is obtained by industrial personal computer (14) and quality is respectively V0And m0；
Step 2) thinks that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches until the data of load measuring sensor (9) measurement are constant To balance, it is believed that suction is equal to saturated vapour pressure in soil sample to be measured；The volume and quality for recording soil sample at this time are denoted as V respectively1 And m1, the variable quantity of test front and back quality of soil sample is Δ m at this time1=m0-m1；
Step 3), soil sample to be measured are constant, replace another supersaturated salt solution.It is read after placement by industrial personal computer (14), until carrying The data of re-transmission sensor (9) measurement think that the water-vapor exchange between soil sample and vapor reaches balance when constant, it is believed that soil to be measured Suction records the volume of soil sample equal to saturated vapour pressure in sample and quality is denoted as V respectively2And m2, front and back soil sample matter is tested at this time The variable quantity of amount is Δ m2=m1–m2；
Step 4) repeats step 3), until a variety of supersaturated salt solutions reach the V measured after balance in water-vapor exchangeiAnd mi, examination The variable quantity for testing front and back quality of soil sample is Δ mi=mi-1-mi；
Step 5) tables look-up the relative humidity obtained different saturated salt solutions in room temperature and is input to industrial personal computer in programming process (14) in, acquisition and calculating to related data is realized by industrial personal computer (14) programming, finally obtain soil sample in various supersaturation Suction under salting liquid relative humidity；
Step 6) after testing to a variety of saturated salt solutions, is taken out soil sample (12), weighs after being put into dryer drying completely The quality of soil sample is denoted as mi+1, dry the of poor quality of front and back and be denoted as Δ mi+1=mi-mi+1；
Step 7) finally obtains the volumetric water content after the test of each saturated salt solution by soil sample volumetric water content formula；
Step 8), final drafting are using soil sample volumetric water content to be measured as ordinate, using the suction of soil sample to be measured as the soil of abscissa Water characteristic curve.
7. a kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: In step 5): the theoretical calculation formula of suction is as follows:
In formula: total suction of S- soil: kPa
RH- relative humidity
R- argoshield constant:
T- thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0The specific volume (m3/kg) of water
ωvThe molal weight (18.016kg/mol) of vapor
RH- relative humidity.
8. a kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: In step 7): soil sample volumetric water content calculation formula is as follows:
In formula: Δ miThe matter of the quality of soil sample and soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution The difference (kg) of amount
ΔVωiThe water volume vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution (m3)
ρ-water density (1*103kg/m3)
ΔVωiThe water volume vapored away when placing i-th kind of saturated salt solution to soil sample when placing i+1 kind saturated salt solution (m3)
ViPlace the volume (m of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance3)
QiPlace the volumetric water content (%) of soil sample when i-th kind of solution experiments device reaches soil sample aqueous vapor balance.
9. a kind of method of accurate measurement salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: Camera No.1 (2), camera two (11) images for collecting soil sample, pass to industrial personal computer for image as input data (14), industrial personal computer (14) carries out the comparison of color by image processing software, can extract the profile that soil sample is tested in photo, so Thus the pixel value for obtaining the test forward and backward occupied area of specimen deformation afterwards calculates the deflection of test soil sample boundary variation, from And calculate the test actual deformation of soil sample.
CN201910816903.XA 2019-08-30 2019-08-30 A kind of experimental provision by accurately quickly measuring salt solustion mehtod soil―structure interaction with photogrammetric technology Pending CN110455669A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103994933A (en) * 2014-04-23 2014-08-20 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 Unsaturated soil slope apparatus for measuring deformation and suction of soil, and operating method thereof
CN108627114A (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-10-09 宁波大学 Inside soil body visualization of 3 d deformation measurement method
CN109931876A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-25 三峡大学 A method of passing through photogrammetric geotechnical sample deformation
CN110095374A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-08-06 三峡大学 The device and method of soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103994933A (en) * 2014-04-23 2014-08-20 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 Unsaturated soil slope apparatus for measuring deformation and suction of soil, and operating method thereof
CN108627114A (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-10-09 宁波大学 Inside soil body visualization of 3 d deformation measurement method
CN109931876A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-25 三峡大学 A method of passing through photogrammetric geotechnical sample deformation
CN110095374A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-08-06 三峡大学 The device and method of soil-water characteristic curve is surveyed with salt solustion mehtod

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Application publication date: 20191115