CN110095374B - Device and method for measuring soil-water characteristic curve by using salt solution method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring soil-water characteristic curve by using salt solution method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring soil-water characteristic curves by using a saline solution method. According to the invention, the bottle body and the bottom groove are arranged in a detachable structure, so that the bottom groove can be replaced at any time to measure different saturated salt solutions, and the same soil sample can be used for measurement, thereby avoiding the influence on the experimental result caused by the difference of the soil sample. Load sensor is connected through the chassis, can monitor the change of soil sample weight at any time, need not to wait to await measuring soil sample and take out from the device and weigh, not only reduces work load by a wide margin, still avoids taking out soil sample because of needs and measures the condition emergence of the balanced condition of soil sample and vapor in the destruction device, avoids taking out the influence of weighing in-process steam to measured data, improves data accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a soil-water characteristic curve by using a saline solution method.
Background
The characteristic curve of soil and water is defined as the relation curve between the water content of soil and the suction force of soil, and the water content of soil can be gravity water content (omega), volume water content (theta) and saturation (Sr). The suction force may be a substrate suction force, i.e. a capillary pressure, or may be said to be a total suction force. When the suction value is high (typically greater than 1500kPa), the substrate suction and the total suction can generally be assumed to be equal. The soil-water characteristic curve can be measured by a salt solution method. The saturated saline solution method is one of the most common high-suction control technologies at present, and the purpose of controlling the suction of the soil sample is achieved by controlling the environmental humidity through different saline solutions.
The research and application of the soil-water characteristic curve experiment of unsaturated soil, Zhou Xiao Ju, Beijing university of industry, Master academic paper page 18, provide the details of the salt solution method test. The experimental device for measuring the soil-water characteristic curve by the salt solution measuring method commonly used in the soil test is to adopt a plurality of soil samples to be put into different types of saturated salt solution devices for measurement, and the soil samples need to be taken out at intervals to measure the quality in the test process to confirm whether the soil samples and water vapor reach exchange balance, and the method has certain disadvantages: firstly, when the change of the soil sample quality in different kinds of saturated salt solutions is measured, a plurality of soil samples need to be prepared, so that the experimental result is easily influenced by the difference of the plurality of soil samples; the second step is as follows: when the water-gas exchange balance between the soil sample and the water vapor is determined, the soil sample needs to be taken out of the device for weighing and needs to be weighed for multiple times, and the operation is complicated; more seriously, when the soil sample is taken out of the device and weighed, the equilibrium condition of the soil sample and water vapor in the experimental device is destroyed, and the mass measurement data of the soil sample is responded. Therefore, it is necessary to find a device to solve the above drawbacks to improve the quality and efficiency of the experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring soil and water characteristic curves by using a salt solution method, which can improve the precision and the working efficiency of experiments.
The technical scheme includes that the device for measuring the soil-water characteristic curve by using the saline solution method comprises a bottle cap, a bottle body and a bottom groove to form a closed space, wherein the bottle cap and the bottle body are detachably connected, the bottle body and the bottom groove are detachably connected, a support is mounted on the inner wall of the bottle body, a load sensor is arranged on the support, and the load sensor is further connected with a chassis.
Further, the chassis center is equipped with the support column, and the top of support column is equipped with the tray that is used for placing the soil sample that awaits measuring, and tray evenly distributed has a plurality of through-holes that run through from top to bottom, and the tray top still is equipped with the paper that permeates water.
Further, the diameter of the tray is not smaller than that of the soil sample to be detected, and the diameter of the chassis is larger than that of the tray.
Further, the ratio of the diameter to the height of the bottom groove is more than or equal to 1.
Furthermore, the bottle cap and the bottle body are in threaded connection, and the bottle body and the bottom groove are in threaded connection.
Further, the load sensor transmits the acquired data to the controller, and the data are processed by the controller.
Further, the controller is a single chip microcomputer or an embedded system or a PLC system
The invention also relates to a method for measuring the soil-water characteristic curve by adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a plurality of groups of saturated salt solutions, and preparing a soil sample to be detected;
2) placing a soil sample to be detected on a tray, filling water permeable paper between the tray and the soil sample to be detected, pouring saturated salt solution into a bottom groove, assembling a bottle cap, a bottle body and the bottom groove, reading after placing, considering that water vapor exchange between the soil sample and water vapor reaches balance when data measured by a load sensor is unchanged, and considering that suction force in the soil sample to be detected is equal to saturated vapor pressure;
3) changing different saturated salt solutions in the bottom groove, assembling the bottle cap, the bottle body and the bottom groove, reading after placing, considering that the water vapor exchange between the soil sample and the water vapor reaches balance when the data measured by the load sensor is unchanged, and considering that the suction force in the soil sample to be measured is equal to the saturated vapor pressure;
4) and calculating to obtain the final water content of the soil sample to be detected according to the relative humidity of each group of saturated salt solutions at different temperatures and the change of the mass of the soil sample to be detected, which is detected by the load sensor, so as to obtain the volume water content of the soil sample, and finally drawing a soil-water characteristic curve taking the volume water content of the soil sample to be detected as a vertical coordinate and the suction force of the soil sample to be detected as a horizontal coordinate.
Further, the salt solution is 8 groups, each of which is K2SO4、KNO3、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、K2CO3、MgCl2And CH3Saturated solution of COOK.
Further, the soil sample to be detected is made into a compacted soil sample with the diameter of 61.88mm and the height of 10mm by adopting a cutting ring.
According to the method, different environment relative humidity is controlled through different salt solutions, then the soil sample to be detected is placed in different relative humidity environments, and after the moisture in the soil sample to be detected reaches water vapor exchange balance in the relative humidity environment, the suction force in the soil sample to be detected is considered to be equal to the saturated vapor pressure; and obtaining the following relational expression, and calculating the total suction force of the soil sample to be detected according to the relation between the relative humidity and the suction force.
In the formula: s-total suction of soil: kPa (kPa)
RH-relative humidity
R-universal gas constant: 8.314J (mol. K)
T-thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0Specific volume of water (m3/kg)
ωvMolar Mass of Water vapor (18.016kg/mol)
Meanwhile, the water content of the soil sample to be detected is calculated according to the mass of the soil sample to be detected before and after the experiment, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: final moisture content (%) of omega-soil sample
m-initial mass (g) of soil sample
m 1-mass of soil sample at equilibrium for water-gas exchange (g).
And finally, drawing a soil-water characteristic curve which takes the volume water content of the soil sample to be detected as a vertical coordinate and the suction force of the soil sample to be detected as a horizontal coordinate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the bottle body and the bottom groove are arranged in a detachable structure, so that the bottom groove can be replaced at any time to measure different saturated salt solutions, and the same soil sample can be used for measurement, thereby avoiding the influence on the experimental result caused by the difference of the soil sample.
2. According to the device, the chassis is connected with the load sensor, so that the weight change of the soil sample can be monitored at any time, the soil sample to be measured does not need to be taken out of the device for weighing, the workload is not reduced suddenly, the condition that the balance condition of the soil sample and water vapor in the device is damaged due to the measurement of the taken soil sample is avoided, the influence of the water vapor on the measured data in the process of taking out and weighing is avoided, and the data precision is improved.
3. According to the invention, the supporting columns are arranged above the chassis connected with the load sensor, the tray is arranged above the supporting columns, and the weight of the soil sample to be measured on the tray acts on the central part of the chassis through the supporting columns, so that the data measured by the load sensor is more accurate.
4. According to the invention, the tray is arranged above the chassis, and the diameter of the chassis is larger than that of the tray, so that the soil sample to be tested on the tray can be loosened after water is lost in the test process, so that part of the soil sample falls off, and the fallen soil sample falls into the chassis, so that the accuracy of data cannot be influenced because the soil sample falls into a salt solution.
5. According to the invention, the tray is uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes which penetrate through the tray up and down, so that the bottom of the soil sample to be measured can be fully contacted with air in the surrounding environment, the balance of water vapor is achieved, and the measurement result is more accurate.
6. The device has the advantages of simple structure of each part, easy processing or direct purchase from the market, low cost, convenient installation and obvious effect improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the chassis of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a tray of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the load sensor of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following examples.
As shown in figures 1-4, the invention provides a device for measuring soil and water characteristic curves by using a saline solution method, which comprises a closed space formed by a bottle cap 1, a bottle body 3 and a bottom groove 10, wherein the bottle cap and the bottle body and the bottom groove are detachably connected, a support 8 is arranged on the inner wall of the bottle body, a load sensor 9 is arranged on the support, and the load sensor is also connected with a chassis 7.
In the preferred scheme, the chassis center is equipped with support column 5, and the top of support column is equipped with the tray 6 that is used for placing the soil sample that awaits measuring, and tray evenly distributed has a plurality of through-holes that run through from top to bottom, and the tray top still is equipped with permeable paper 4. The setting of the paper that permeates water is convenient for keep the integrality of soil sample on the one hand, prevents that soil sample from droing from the through-hole, and on the other hand, the exchange of the steam of being convenient for reaches the balance as early as possible.
Further, the diameter of the tray is not smaller than that of the soil sample to be detected, and the diameter of the chassis is larger than that of the tray. In a further preferred embodiment, a flange may be provided on the outer periphery of the tray to block the soil sample that has fallen off.
In a preferable scheme, the ratio of the diameter to the height of the bottom groove is more than or equal to 1. The area of the bottom groove is properly increased, so that the contact area of the saturated salt solution and the surrounding environment can be increased, and the water vapor in the air can reach balance as soon as possible.
In the preferred scheme, the bottle cap and the bottle body are in threaded connection, and the bottle body and the bottom groove are in threaded connection. But may also be keyed, pinned, etc.
In a preferred scheme, the load sensor transmits the acquired data to the controller 2, and the data are processed by the controller. The load sensor can be selected from model XRL-45.
Furthermore, the controller is a single chip microcomputer or an embedded system or a PLC system. Optionally, the model of the single chip microcomputer is STC89C 52.
The method for measuring the soil-water characteristic curve by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a soil sample to be detected; specifically, the soil sample to be measured is made into a compacted soil sample with the diameter of 61.88mm and the height of 10mm by adopting a cutting ring. Preparing multiple groups of saturated salt solutions, e.g. 8 groups of saturated salt solutions, each K2SO4、KNO3、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、K2CO3、MgCl2And CH3Saturated solution of COOK. The prepared salt solution is put into a sealThe storage tank can effectively prevent the volatilization of the salt solution and ensure the stability of the property of the salt solution. And determining the relative humidity of each group of saturated salt solution at different temperatures by looking up the relevant data. The relative humidity (%) of the commonly used saturated salt solution at different temperatures is given in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
2) Placing a soil sample to be detected on a tray, filling water permeable paper between the tray and the soil sample to be detected, pouring saturated salt solution into a bottom groove, assembling a bottle cap, a bottle body and the bottom groove, reading after placing, considering that water vapor exchange between the soil sample and water vapor reaches balance when data measured by a load sensor is unchanged, and considering that suction force in the soil sample to be detected is equal to saturated vapor pressure;
3) changing different saturated salt solutions in the bottom groove, assembling the bottle cap, the bottle body and the bottom groove, reading after placing, considering that the water vapor exchange between the soil sample and the water vapor reaches balance when the data measured by the load sensor is unchanged, and considering that the suction force in the soil sample to be measured is equal to the saturated vapor pressure;
4) and calculating to obtain the final water content of the soil sample to be detected according to the relative humidity of each group of saturated salt solutions at different temperatures and the change of the mass of the soil sample to be detected, which is detected by the load sensor, so as to obtain the volume water content of the soil sample, and finally drawing a soil-water characteristic curve taking the volume water content of the soil sample to be detected as a vertical coordinate and the suction force of the soil sample to be detected as a horizontal coordinate.
Further, the theoretical calculation formula of the relationship between the relative humidity and the suction force is as follows:
in the formula: s-total suction of soil: kPa (kPa)
RH-relative humidity
R-universal gas constant: 8.314J (mol. K)
T-thermodynamic temperature (K) (the temperature is generally set to be 25 ℃ in a room temperature environment, and the appropriate temperature can be adjusted through a constant temperature box and the like according to specific needs, and only the relative humidity corresponding to the temperature is adopted in subsequent calculation.)
Vw0Specific volume of water (m)3/kg)
ωvMolar Mass of Water vapor (18.016kg/mol)
The theoretical calculation formula of the water content of the soil sample to be measured is as follows:
in the formula: final moisture content (%) of omega-soil sample
m-initial mass (g) of soil sample
m 1-mass of soil sample at equilibrium for water-gas exchange (g).
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and equivalents including technical features described in the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. Utilize salt solution method survey soil water characteristic curve's device, its characterized in that: the bottle comprises a bottle cap, a bottle body and a bottom groove, wherein a closed space is formed by the bottle cap, the bottle body and the bottom groove are detachably connected, a support is arranged on the inner wall of the bottle body, a load sensor is arranged on the support, and the load sensor is also connected with a chassis; a support column is arranged in the center of the base plate, a tray for placing a soil sample to be tested is arranged above the support column, a plurality of through holes which penetrate through the tray up and down are uniformly distributed on the tray, and water permeable paper is arranged above the tray;
the specific operation steps are as follows:
1) preparing a plurality of groups of saturated salt solutions, and preparing a soil sample to be detected;
2) placing a soil sample to be detected on a tray, filling water permeable paper between the tray and the soil sample to be detected, pouring saturated salt solution into a bottom groove, assembling a bottle cap, a bottle body and the bottom groove, reading after placing, considering that water vapor exchange between the soil sample and water vapor reaches balance when data measured by a load sensor is unchanged, and considering that suction force in the soil sample to be detected is equal to saturated vapor pressure;
3) changing different saturated salt solutions in the bottom groove, assembling the bottle cap, the bottle body and the bottom groove, reading after placing, considering that the water vapor exchange between the soil sample and the water vapor reaches balance when the data measured by the load sensor is unchanged, and considering that the suction force in the soil sample to be measured is equal to the saturated vapor pressure;
4) and calculating to obtain the final water content of the soil sample to be detected according to the relative humidity of each group of saturated salt solutions at different temperatures and the change of the mass of the soil sample to be detected, which is detected by the load sensor, so as to obtain the volume water content of the soil sample, and finally drawing a soil-water characteristic curve taking the volume water content of the soil sample to be detected as a vertical coordinate and the suction force of the soil sample to be detected as a horizontal coordinate.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the tray is not smaller than that of the soil sample to be detected, and the diameter of the chassis is larger than that of the tray.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the diameter to the height of the bottom groove is more than or equal to 1.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bottle cap and the bottle body are in threaded connection, and the bottle body and the bottom groove are in threaded connection.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the load sensor transmits the acquired data to the controller, and the data are processed by the controller.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the controller is a single chip microcomputer or an embedded system or a PLC system.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the salt solution is 8 groups, and is K respectively2SO4、KNO3、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、K2CO3、MgCl2And CH3Saturated solution of COOK.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the theoretical calculation formula of the relationship between the relative humidity and the suction force is as follows:
in the formula: s-total suction of soil: kPa (kPa)
RH-relative humidity
R-universal gas constant: 8.314J (mol. K)
T-thermodynamic temperature (K)
Vw0Specific volume of water (m3/kg)
ωvMolar Mass of Water vapor (18.016kg/mol)
The theoretical calculation formula of the water content of the soil sample to be measured is as follows:
in the formula: final moisture content (%) of omega-soil sample
m-initial mass (g) of soil sample
m 1-mass of soil sample at equilibrium for water-gas exchange (g).
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