CN110092543B - Environment-friendly treatment method for tail water of urban sewage treatment plant by using algae pond, artificial wetland and ecological pond - Google Patents
Environment-friendly treatment method for tail water of urban sewage treatment plant by using algae pond, artificial wetland and ecological pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN110092543B CN110092543B CN201910396853.4A CN201910396853A CN110092543B CN 110092543 B CN110092543 B CN 110092543B CN 201910396853 A CN201910396853 A CN 201910396853A CN 110092543 B CN110092543 B CN 110092543B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource environment protection, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly treatment method of an algae pond, an artificial wetland and an ecological pond of tail water of a town sewage treatment plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource environment protection, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly treatment method for tail water of a municipal sewage treatment plant, namely an algae pond-artificial wetland-ecological pond.
Background
Along with the development of urbanization and the improvement of living standard, the discharge amount of urban domestic sewage is greatly increased. In order to reduce the influence of domestic sewage discharge on the water quality and water ecology of a receiving water body, the domestic sewage treatment rate in cities and towns in China also has a power exponential growth trend, and by 12 months in 2017, 5707 sewage treatment plants are built nationwide, and the daily treatment capacity reaches 1.80 multiplied by 10 9 m 3 And d. Due to relatively stable water quality and water quantity, tail water of a town sewage treatment plant becomes an important water replenishing mode for the urban river and lake environment. However, even if the tail water of the urban sewage treatment plant is subjected to the highest emission standard (primary A standard), the tail water is still too high relative to the environmental quality standard limit of surface water, and the tail water still can be applied to the receiving water bodyA certain influence is generated.
In order to reduce the environmental impact of tail water discharge of sewage plants on receiving water bodies, sewage plants in various countries and regions of the world adopt an enhanced treatment technology to carry out 'upgrading and modification' and execute stricter pollutant discharge standards. Although inorganic components in the wastewater inlet water of the sewage treatment plant are effectively removed in the strengthening treatment process, organic components become main forms of biogenic elements in the tail water of the sewage treatment plant, such as 40-85% of dissolved organic nitrogen and 26-81% of dissolved organic phosphorus. Meanwhile, the tail water of the sewage plant also contains some toxic and harmful substances, such as heavy metals and refractory organic pollutants. The discharge of these chemicals into the receiving water body will affect the water quality and water ecological effect.
The tail water of the municipal sewage treatment plant is a water resource which is not reasonably utilized. In view of the above, the environmental-friendly workers in China develop the research on the advanced treatment technology of the tail water of the urban sewage treatment plant, and the breakthrough progress is made in the aspect of recycling or water supplementing of the tail water of the urban sewage treatment. The advanced treatment technology of the tail water of the urban sewage treatment plant mainly comprises the technologies of activated carbon adsorption, membrane separation, advanced oxidation, artificial wetland and the like, and a new combination technology of single technology such as resin adsorption-ozone catalytic oxidation, an aeration biological filter-artificial wetland and the like is developed based on the technologies.
However, the current single process or combined process can not meet the requirements of low investment and operation cost and good treatment effect at the same time, so that the recovery rate of the urban tail water is greatly reduced, and the popularization and application are limited. Therefore, the current water environment provides more urgent needs for the environment-friendly discharge technology of the tail water of the urban sewage plant, which is environment-friendly, efficient, low in cost and free of potential ecological risks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an environment-friendly treatment method of an algae pond, an artificial wetland and an ecological pond of tail water of a municipal sewage treatment plant,
tail water of a municipal sewage treatment plant flows through an algae pond, an artificial wetland and an ecological pond in turn,
wherein the organisms in the algae pond comprise algae and bacteria, the algae comprises algae capable of directly utilizing hydrophilic components for dissolving organic matters in the tail water, in particular crescent moon algae, the bacteria comprises bacteria capable of converting hydrophobic components for dissolving organic matters in the tail water which cannot be directly utilized by the algae into forms capable of being utilized by the algae, in particular bacillus megatherium and/or pseudomonas,
the effective water depth in the algae pond is 2-3 m, algae and bacteria are fully dispersed in the water body in the algae pond, the biological quantity of the algae in the algae pond is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 mg Chl-a/L, when the biomass of the algae exceeds 0.5mg Chl-a/L, the excess algae is timely fished to reduce the treatment load of subsequent units, the volume of the algae pond and the water inlet and outlet rates of the algae pond are controlled, and the hydraulic retention time of the algae pond is controlled to be 3-4 days;
the artificial wetland comprises a tank body, a tank cavity of the tank body is filled with a substrate, the substrate at least comprises ceramsite, biomass charcoal and steel slag, the ceramsite, the biomass charcoal and the steel slag occupy different areas in the tank cavity respectively, a ceramsite area, a biomass charcoal area and a steel slag area are arranged adjacently and communicated with each other, water from an algae tank sequentially passes through the ceramsite area, the biomass charcoal area and the steel slag area,
the method specifically comprises the following steps: in the artificial wetland pool, a ceramsite layer, a biomass charcoal layer and a steel slag layer are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, and the matrix in the pool cavity is completely submerged by water from the algae pool,
the ceramsite and the biomass charcoal are commercial products, after the artificial wetland is filled with water, microorganisms, namely indigenous microorganisms on the ceramsite and the biomass charcoal, are formed on the ceramsite and the biomass charcoal in the process that water from the algae pond flows through the ceramsite and the biomass charcoal,
the steel slag is fresh steel slag discarded in the steel-making process,
preferably, the substrate in the artificial wetland can also comprise gravel, zeolite and the like,
on the other hand, the artificial wetland is planted with aquatic plants, the aquatic plants are planted on the upper part of the substrate in the tank body, the aquatic plants are upwards exposed out of the horizontal plane in the artificial wetland,
the aquatic plant comprises canna, siberian iris, calamus, cane shoot, etc.,
the substrate in the artificial wetland has the main functions of removing heavy metals and refractory organic pollutants in a water body through adsorption, filtration, coprecipitation and the like, and microorganisms on the substrate and aquatic plants in the artificial wetland are also key ecological units for the function exertion of the artificial wetland:
although the matrix per se has an adsorption and purification effect on the refractory organic pollutants in the water body, the matrix cannot adsorb all the refractory organic pollutants in the water body, so that the refractory organic pollutants remain, for this reason, the steel slag used in the scheme is fresh steel slag discarded in the steel-making process, and the fresh steel slag necessarily contains variable-value metals (most typically divalent iron ions), and the applicant thinks that: the existence of the variable valence metals changes the living environment of indigenous microorganisms on the surface of the substrate in the same water body, so that the indigenous microorganisms promote the degradation of the refractory organic pollutants in the residual water body into micromolecular pollutants, and the purification efficiency of the micromolecular pollutants is far higher than that of the micromolecular pollutants by both aquatic plants in the artificial wetland and plants in a subsequent ecological pond, therefore, the purification of the water body can be better facilitated after the refractory organic pollutants are converted into micromolecules,
in addition, the artificial wetland can also improve the removal effect of the artificial wetland on pollutants through root exudates of aquatic plants or through adding wood chips as an external carbon source,
controlling the hydraulic retention time of the artificial wetland to be 3-5 days;
an ecological floating bed is constructed in the ecological pond, the ecological floating bed adopts the design in a three-dimensional ecological floating bed for strengthening and purifying the water quality of the urban black and odorous riverway (application No. 201510577900.7),
in addition, the ecological pond can also be provided with a bank zone aquatic plant zone, the bank zone aquatic plant zone is used for planting trees, shrubs, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants from the land area to the water body in sequence,
the ecological pond is mainly used for discharging the water body into a receiving water body or recycling the water body after further stabilizing the water body,
the ecological floating island is paved to occupy 25% of the water surface area, and the length-width ratio of the ecological pond is more than 5:1, the effective water depth is 0.3-2.5 m, the slope-to-fall ratio (the ratio of the pond bottom of the ecological pond) is 1:2.5, controlling the hydraulic retention time of the ecological pond to be 6-8 days.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the effluent of the algae pond enters the artificial wetland after being filtered by the homogeneous filter material unit, and the effluent of the artificial wetland enters the ecological pond after being filtered by the homogeneous filter material unit,
the water body flows into the artificial wetland from the algae pond and the ecological pond from the artificial wetland by the gravity of the water body, drop measures are arranged between the algae pond and the artificial wetland and between the artificial wetland and the ecological pond, the drop height is set to be 0.5-1.0 m,
the aquatic plants in the artificial wetland and the ecological pond are harvested at 10 months every year, the harvesting proportion is 70%, and the algae pond, the artificial wetland and the ecological pond are respectively provided with a water quality online monitoring device and a water quantity (flow and flow speed) online monitoring device.
According to the scheme, organic components of biogenic elements in the tail water and toxic and harmful pollutants which are not removed in the sewage treatment process are removed in a targeted mode, dissolved organic matters are utilized by means of algae and bacteria, wet plants of the artificial wetland further treat the dissolved organic matters and the toxic and harmful pollutants which can be biologically utilized in the tail water of the urban sewage treatment plant, and friendly discharge of the tail water of the sewage treatment plant is achieved, so that potential hazards of tail water discharge to the water quality and water ecology of the receiving water body (such as eutrophication and black and odorous phenomena of the receiving water body) are greatly reduced, necessary conditions are provided for tail water recycling of the urban sewage treatment plant or ecological water replenishing of urban rivers, meanwhile, the landscape patches for treating the tail water are added, the heterogeneity of the urban landscape is enhanced, and a foundation is laid for enhancing the toughness of the city. The method has the advantages of energy conservation, low carbon effect, ecological system self-repairing effect, low investment, low cost, quick response, good clearing effect and no secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an environmentally friendly processing method in the present invention,
figure 2 is a view of the internal structure distribution (front cross-section) of the artificial wetland pool of the present invention,
the device comprises a tank body, 11 parts of a first separation baffle, 12 parts of a second separation baffle, 13 parts of a third separation baffle, 14 parts of pore channels (the pore channels are provided with grid plates for allowing water flow to pass through and blocking a matrix to pass through), 2 parts of gravel, 3 parts of zeolite, 4 parts of ceramsite, 5 parts of biomass charcoal, 6 parts of steel slag, 7 parts of aquatic plants and 8 parts of water surface.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The scheme of the application is adopted to treat tail water of a sewage treatment plant entering a river of a certain city river in east China: before treatment, the concentration of a hydrophilic component of DON dissolved organic matter in tail water is 0.32mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophobic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.4mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophilic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.026mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophobic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.04mg/L, the concentration of AOX is 0.85mg/L, and the concentration of anilines is 0.43mg/L (AOX and anilines represent organic pollutants difficult to degrade in the tail water),
the tail water flows through the algae pond, the artificial wetland and the ecological pond in sequence by depending on the gravity of the water body, wherein, drop measures and switch valves are arranged between the algae pond and the artificial wetland and between the artificial wetland and the ecological pond, the drop height is set to be 1.0m, the effluent of the algae pond enters the artificial wetland after being filtered by a homogeneous filter material unit, and the effluent of the artificial wetland enters the ecological pond after being filtered by the homogeneous filter material unit,
wherein, crescent moon algae, bacillus megatherium and Pseudomonas putida (Pseudomonas putida) are fully dispersed in the water body of the algae pond, the initial biomass of the crescent moon algae added into the water body of the algae pond is 0.5mg Chl-a/L, and the initial concentrations of the bacillus megatherium and the Pseudomonas putida added into the water body of the algae pond are both 10mg (dry weight)/m 3 Controlling the hydraulic retention time of the algae pond to be 4 days,
through detection, in water from the algae pond, the concentration of a hydrophilic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.134mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophobic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.092mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophilic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.012mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophobic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.008mg/L,
sampling the effluent of the algae pond, and observing that the water body sample still presents light green at the 15 th day, which indicates that the crescent moon algae in the water body sample has good growth vigor;
the artificial wetland comprises a pool body, a pool cavity of the pool body is filled with a matrix, the matrix comprises gravels, zeolite, ceramsite, biomass carbon and steel slag, as shown in figure 2, various different matrices are filled in each space region in the pool cavity, through the design of a baffle, water from an algae pool sequentially permeates through a gravel region, a zeolite region, a ceramsite region, a biomass carbon region and a steel slag region and leaves the pool body, wherein the upper and lower interfaces of the ceramsite layer, the biomass carbon layer and the steel slag layer are all communicated, meanwhile, the matrix in the pool cavity is completely submerged by the water from the algae pool to form the artificial wetland (in actual operation, different matrices are filled in the pool cavity and stacked into the distribution shown in figure 2 and then are subjected to water re-filling),
the canna as the aquatic plant is planted in the artificial wetland, the canna is planted at the upper part of the matrix in the tank body, the root of the canna is planted in the matrix and is upwards exposed out of the horizontal plane of the artificial wetland,
the steel slag is fresh steel slag discarded in the steel-making process,
controlling the hydraulic retention time of the artificial wetland to be 5 days;
the effective depth of the ecological pond is 2m, an ecological floating bed is constructed in the center of a water area, the ecological floating bed adopts the design of the embodiment 1 in a three-dimensional ecological floating bed for strengthening and purifying the water quality of an urban black and odorous riverway (application No. 201510577900.7), the laying of the ecological floating island occupies 25 percent of the water surface area, the hydraulic retention time of the ecological pond is controlled to be 7 days,
through detection, the concentration of AOX in the water discharged from the ecological pond is 0.188mg/L and the concentration of aniline is 0.045mg/L at 25 ℃, and the discharged water completely meets the standard of being discharged into receiving water bodies such as rivers and the like on the whole.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas putida were not added to the algae pond, and the rest of the treatment procedure was the same as in example 1.
Through detection, in water discharged from the algae pond at 25 ℃, the concentration of a hydrophilic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.157mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophobic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.396mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophilic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.016mg/L, the concentration of a hydrophobic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.04mg/L,
the effluent of the algae pond is sampled, the water body sample is placed in the same environment (the same as the example 1), and the water body sample is observed to be light yellow at the 15 th day, which indicates that crescent moon algae in the water body is basically dead, and then the water body gradually becomes black and smelly.
The above results indicate that there should be insufficient components for growth or life maintenance of the crescent moon algae in the water, and it is verified that the addition of bacillus megaterium and pseudomonas putida in example 1 should convert a substantial part of the hydrophobic components dissolving organic matters into a form absorbable by the crescent moon algae, so that the life and growth of the crescent moon algae are ensured, the survival time of the crescent moon algae is prolonged, the crescent moon algae can be recycled, and the hydrophobic components dissolving organic matters in the water are effectively removed.
Through detection, the concentration of AOX in the water from the ecological pond is 0.341mg/L and the concentration of aniline is 0.135mg/L at 25 ℃.
Comparative example 2
The steel slag used in the constructed wetland was steel slag obtained by sufficiently oxidizing the steel slag in the oxidizing furnace in example 1 (after sufficiently oxidizing, the valence-variable metals in the steel slag reach relatively stable valence state), and the rest of the treatment operations were the same as in example 1.
Through detection, the concentration of AOX in the water from the ecological pond is 0.462mg/L and the concentration of aniline is 0.208mg/L at 25 ℃. It can be seen that the effect of removing the persistent organic pollutants is far less than that of the example 1 in which the steel slag of the artificial wetland contains the variable-valence metals.
Comparative example 3
In comparison with example 1, the procedure of example 1 was followed except that "crescent moon (Selenastrum bibrarium)" added to the water body of the algae pond was replaced with "Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris)" of an equivalent bioavailable concentration (crescent moon algae belongs to the genus crescent, where the Chlorella belongs to the genus Chlorella, and the genera crescent and Chlorella are classified into the family Chlorella).
Through detection, in water from the algae pond, the concentration of the hydrophilic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.176mg/L, the concentration of the hydrophobic component of DON dissolved organic matter is 0.31mg/L, the concentration of the hydrophilic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.017mg/L, the concentration of the hydrophobic component of DOP dissolved organic matter is 0.032mg/L,
sampling effluent from the algae pond, placing the water sample in the same environment (same as example 1), and observing that the water sample turns black and smelly at 15 days, which indicates that the chlorella therein dies for a period of time, probably because the form of the transformed hydrophobic component for dissolving organic matters can not be absorbed and utilized by the chlorella under the action of bacillus megaterium and pseudomonas putida;
through detection, the concentration of AOX and aniline in water discharged from the ecological pond at 25 ℃ is 0.272mg/L and 0.154mg/L respectively.
For comparison, the following table lists the original concentrations of the relevant pollutants in the tail water of a river in a certain city of east China entering into a town sewage treatment plant in river and town, and the concentrations (the concentration when the pollutants are discharged from the algae pond, the concentration when the pollutants are discharged from the ecological pond) after the purification treatment of the above examples and comparative examples:
Claims (1)
1. an environment-friendly treatment method of an algae pond-artificial wetland-ecological pond of tail water of a municipal sewage treatment plant is characterized in that: the treatment method comprises the following steps of enabling tail water of the urban sewage treatment plant to sequentially flow through an algae pond, an artificial wetland and an ecological pond, wherein organisms in the algae pond are crescent moon algae, bacillus megatherium and/or pseudomonas respectively;
the artificial wetland comprises a pond body, a pond cavity of the pond body is filled with a substrate, the substrate comprises ceramsite, biomass charcoal and steel slag, and the substrate in the pond cavity is completely submerged by water from the algae pond;
aquatic plants are further planted in the artificial wetland and are planted at the upper part of the substrate in the tank body, and the aquatic plants are upwards exposed out of the horizontal plane in the artificial wetland;
the aquatic plants comprise canna, siberian iris, calamus and wild rice shoots;
the hydraulic retention time of the algae pond is 3-4 days, the hydraulic retention time of the artificial wetland is 3-5 days, and the hydraulic retention time of the ecological pond is 6-8 days;
the effluent of the algae pond enters the artificial wetland after being filtered by the homogeneous filter material unit, and the effluent of the artificial wetland enters the ecological pond after being filtered by the homogeneous filter material unit;
an ecological floating bed is constructed in the ecological pond;
drop measures are arranged between the algae pond and the artificial wetland and between the artificial wetland and the ecological pond, and the drop height is set to be 0.5-1.0 m;
the steel slag is steel slag containing variable-valence metal.
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| CN111003892A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 广州市环境保护工程设计院有限公司 | Composite distributed rural sewage treatment system |
| CN111204927A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-29 | 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司 | Ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system and sewage treatment and recycling method |
| CN112537848A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-23 | 华川技术有限公司 | Process for improving quality of tail water of sewage plant |
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