CN111777268A - Ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin - Google Patents
Ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin Download PDFInfo
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin, which comprises the following steps: (1) the initial rapid purification stage: carrying out in-situ flocculation purification by using modified plant tannin; (2) a long-acting water quality maintaining stage: firstly, covering bottom mud and releasing pollution, secondly, strengthening the biological membrane pollution cleaning of a riverbed base, thirdly, improving micro-nano oxygenation plug flow and hydrodynamic force, fourthly, carrying out deep treatment on an automatic circulating membrane filtration system, and fifthly, constructing submerged vegetation and ecologically purifying the submerged vegetation; (3) and (3) a burst emergency treatment stage: modified plant tannin is utilized to flocculate and remove algae in situ. The modified plant tannin has good flocculation effect, no toxicity, no harm, biodegradability and low cost, can quickly and efficiently remove suspended matters, pollutants and algae in the water body, can obviously improve the self-purification capability of the water body by coupling other technologies, and ensures that the water body stably reaches the standard for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological purification method of landscape water based on modified plant tannin, belonging to the technical field of water purification in environmental management.
Background
The landscape water body refers to a naturally formed or artificially constructed water body of cities, villages and tourist attractions which gives people aesthetic feeling, such as large and small lakes, urban rivers, landscape fountains and the like. With the rapid development of the economic society, some landscape water bodies are polluted and damaged in different degrees, such as domestic sewage discharge, catering oil pollution, rainfall runoff non-point source pollution and the like, so that the phenomena of water body eutrophication, algae outbreak, transparency reduction and even blackening and smelly appearance are caused. In order to improve the living standard of residents, the problem of landscape water pollution must be effectively solved.
At present, the technologies for purifying the landscape water bodies in rivers and lakes mainly comprise a physical method, a chemical method, a microbial method, an ecological restoration method and the like. The physical method comprises dredging, clear water diversion, aeration, oxygen charging and the like: the sediment dredging technology is often huge in engineering quantity and easy to cause the problem of secondary pollution; the technology of introducing clear water and changing water is a common method for improving water body pollution by diluting the concentration of impurities in water and increasing the self-cleaning capacity of a water body, but for an isolated, remote or closed water body, introducing clear water and releasing turbidity often becomes difficult or difficult to achieve; aeration and oxygenation can improve the dissolved oxygen of the water body and improve black and odorous water body, but basically, pollution substances are difficult to remove, and the effect on eutrophic water body is not great. The chemical method mainly comprises the steps of adding various chemical reagents into a water body to eliminate pollution, including adding chemical agents to kill algae, adding ferric salt to promote phosphorus precipitation, adding lime to denitrify, and the like, but various toxic and harmful reagents adopted by the method are easy to cause secondary pollution. The microbial method belongs to one of water body in-situ restoration technologies, relates to selection and domestication culture of microbial species, and is a new field of water body restoration research, but has fewer successful cases in practical application, higher continuous cost and poorer long-term operation stability. The ecological restoration method comprises transferring, converting and degrading pollutants in water to CO by using life activities of cultured plants or cultured fishes under natural ecology2、H2O or other harmless substances; but the technology has slow effect, complex operation and investmentThe cost is high, the effect is not good when the pollution load exceeds the ecological restoration capacity, the pollution load is easy to be interfered by environmental conditions, the purification effect is low particularly in winter, and the water quality is easy to rebound.
The landscape water body is different from the general water bodies of rivers and lakes, and the environmental problems and the technical requirements of the landscape water body are unique: (1) urban landscape water is mostly static or poor-mobility closed water, generally has the characteristics of small area, simple aquatic ecosystem, small water environment capacity, poor self-purification capacity and the like, and due to the limitation of design, dead corners often appear, water in the dead corners is lack of mobility, and the water quality problem is often more easily worsened. (2) Due to the influence of excessive cultivation of ornamental fishes in the life and water of residents, pollution caused by washing the ground by rainwater, settlement of floating dust in the air, scattering of leaves, garbage and the like, the increase of suspended matters in water and the reduction of transparency are easily caused. (3) At a higher temperature, the water rich in N, P and other nutrient elements can grow algae, so that the water presents obvious green and even brown, and has obvious fishy smell, not only the whole landscape loses the ornamental value, but also the psychological feeling of people to the landscape water is affected. (4) The traditional physical method, chemical method, microbiological method, ecological restoration method and the like for water body treatment have respective advantages and disadvantages, and due to the unique properties of the closed landscape water body, the target requirement of purifying the landscape water body cannot be effectively met by singly applying the treatment technologies. (5) The main problems of treatment of the closed landscape water body are changed along with different treatment stages, and the problems of different water body regions are different, so that different technical schemes must be formulated for different treatment stages and different water body regions in the purification technology of the closed landscape water body.
The flocculation treatment technology is a water treatment technology for removing pollutants by adding a flocculating agent so as to improve water quality. In the treatment process of lake landscape water, the flocculation treatment technology gradually shows certain superiority in the aspects of rapidness and high efficiency. However, the conventional flocculation materials commonly used at present, including aluminum salt inorganic flocculants (such as aluminum sulfate and polyaluminium chloride), synthetic polymeric flocculants (such as polyacrylamide), clay mineral flocculants, etc., have various defects in terms of environmental safety, flocculation effect, cost, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the water body purification technology in landscape water body treatment, and provides an ecological purification method of the landscape water body based on the modified plant tannin, which can effectively improve the treatment effect of the landscape water body, quickly remove pollutants such as suspended matters, algae and the like, obviously improve the water quality of the water body, recover and maintain the self-purification capacity of the water body for a long time, and is a green, efficient and low-cost treatment method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin is characterized by comprising the following specific implementation steps:
(1) the initial rapid purification stage: before adding the flocculating agent, large and medium floaters and suspended matters in the water body are salvaged manually or mechanically; then adding a modified plant tannin flocculating agent into the water body, fully dispersing the flocculating agent in the water body, and removing a large amount of small-particle-size suspended particles, algae, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; the modified plant tannin is added into the landscape water body, under the flocculation effect, the modified plant tannin strengthens flocculation to quickly purify and remove suspended matters and pollutants, and simultaneously reduces turbidity, improves transparency and quickly improves water quality.
Further, the modified plant tannin flocculant is synthesized by the following steps: reacting diethylamine with formaldehyde in a four-necked flask to obtain methylenediamine, dissolving plant tannin and 1, 4-dioxane, adding methylenediamine, stirring, and adding acid catalyst with acid amount of 0.02 mol/g plant tannin; reacting at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 4 h, then adding epoxy chloropropane, and continuing to react for 4 h to terminate the reaction; distilling under reduced pressure to separate the solvent to obtain modified plant tannin; wherein, the dosage molar ratio of the main chemical agents is as follows: formaldehyde: plant tannin: 1, 4-dioxane: epichlorohydrin =1:1:1:2: 1.5-2.
(2) A long-acting water quality maintaining stage: on the basis of the initial rapid purification, further treatment of pollutants and long-term maintenance of treatment effect are carried out; the method specifically comprises the deep treatment of a full-lake circulating membrane filtration water treatment system, the restoration of lake bottom matrix, the multi-medium purification of river bed, the micro-nano oxygen-increasing plug flow and the hydrodynamic improvement.
Further, the deep treatment of the full-lake circulating membrane filtration water treatment system uses a water inlet pump to pump lake water to an automatic circulating membrane filtration device for treatment, the treated water is pumped back to the lake body, and the membrane filtration device is subjected to back washing at regular time; the automatic circulating membrane filtering device comprises a water inlet pipe, a water inlet dosing pump, a water inlet pump, a coarse filter, a fine filter, a water outlet dosing pump and a water distribution pipe network; the water is pumped into the water inlet pipe from the bottom of the landscape water body by the water inlet pump, the modified plant tannin flocculating agent is added by the water inlet dosing pump, then the water sequentially enters the coarse filter and the fine filter, and after the filtered water is added with the bactericide by the water outlet dosing pump, the water is uniformly distributed along the periphery of the landscape water body by the water distribution pipe network.
Further, the lake bottom matrix restoration and river bed multi-medium purification specifically comprise the following contents:
covering bottom mud and blocking pollution release, namely, after flocs are completely settled, covering the sediments in situ by adopting a natural zeolite material, wherein the coverage area of the zeolite is 80-100%, the particle size of the selected zeolite is 5-10 mm, and the density is 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the zeolite layer is 10-20 mm, and the porosity is selected to be 20-40%.
Strengthening river bed base biomembrane decontamination, namely selecting pebbles as contact fillers, laying a layer of pebbles on the zeolites, adsorbing organic matters in water on the surfaces of the pebbles to form a biomembrane, further removing COD (chemical oxygen demand), total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen at a water-sediment interface through nitrification and denitrification, removing phosphorus at the water-sediment interface by virtue of the adsorption of soil and the pebbles, wherein the coverage area of the pebbles is 40-60%, the coverage range is the region with higher risk of lake body coastal and local closed retention water body pollution, the particle size of the selected pebbles is 30-50 mm, and the density is 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the pebble layer is 30-50 mm, and the porosity is selected from 30-50%.
Constructing submerged vegetation and ecologically purifying: restoring submerged vegetation at the bottom of the river bed, further inhibiting sediment from resuspending by using the submerged vegetation, forming a substrate microecological purification system by using a matrix, microorganisms and plants, and removing nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body by using plant absorption; the submerged plant is selected from at least two of curly pondweed, waterweed, eel grass and hydrilla verticillata.
Further, the micro-nano oxygen increasing plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement specifically comprise the following contents: the micro-nano oxygen increasing impeller is arranged in the lake body, the hydrodynamic condition of the water body is changed, the high-efficiency oxygen increasing and flow pushing of the water body are realized, the circulation of the locally closed detented water body is promoted, the normal purification function of aerobic microorganisms is ensured to be exerted, the mixing of the modified plant tannin and pollutants in the water body is promoted, and the flocculation effect is strengthened.
(3) And (3) a burst emergency treatment stage: aiming at rapidly processing a large amount of suspended particles and rapidly-propagated algae in a short time, modified plant tannin is adopted for emergency treatment: adding the modified plant tannin flocculant by using a water outlet dosing pump of an automatic circulating membrane filtration system, and uniformly dispersing the flocculant into a water body through a porous spray head at the tail end; in dead corners of lakes or areas which are difficult to reach by a pipeline feeding device, suspended matters or algae are removed by a manual spraying mode by spraying equipment, and the emergency treatment effect is enhanced by equipment maintenance, membrane backwashing and plant management measures.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of good treatment effect, quick response, low cost, stable treatment effect, strong operability, convenience in operation and maintenance and the like, and is a green, efficient and low-cost treatment method. Each index of the treated landscape water body can reach the standard of surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus for controlling the amount of carbon dioxide released according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are specifically described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Compared with various traditional flocculants, the natural flocculant obtained by extracting and modifying the plant has the advantages of wide source, low cost, good flocculation effect, biodegradability, no secondary pollution and the like. Of the many natural flocculants, plant tannins, a secondary metabolite of complex phenols found extensively in plant skin, roots, leaves and pulp, are of increasing interest. The modified plant tannin with the flavonoid structure obtained through the Mannich reaction has the isoelectric point remarkably increased from pH 2.0-3.0 to pH 7.0-8.0, the flocculation capacity is greatly improved, and the modified plant tannin has the characteristics of high efficiency, easiness in treatment, wide application range, natural, environment-friendly, degradable, no toxicity, harmlessness and no secondary pollution, and has a good treatment effect on surface water, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage.
Table 1 below compares the advantages and disadvantages of common flocculated materials.
TABLE 1
For the landscape water body, the modified plant tannin can efficiently remove pollutants such as suspended particles, algae and the like, greatly reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, obviously improve the water quality in a short time, and is a good technical means for rapidly purifying the landscape water body. Therefore, the invention provides a landscape water body ecological purification method based on modified plant tannin aiming at different treatment stages by taking a rapid flocculation technology of the modified plant tannin as a core and combining other ecological restoration means such as bottom mud covering, pollution release blocking, enhancement of riverbed substrate biological membrane sewage purification, submerged vegetation construction and ecological purification, micro-nano oxygenation plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement, automatic cycle membrane filtration system deep treatment and the like.
The ecological purification method of the landscape water body based on the modified plant tannin shown in the figure 1 comprises three aspects of initial rapid purification, long-acting maintenance of water quality and emergent treatment, and comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) the initial rapid purification stage: adding modified plant tannin into the landscape water body, and under the flocculation effect, the modified plant tannin strengthens flocculation to quickly purify and remove suspended matters and pollutants, and simultaneously reduces turbidity, improves transparency and quickly improves water quality;
(2) a long-acting water quality maintaining stage: on the basis of the initial rapid purification, further treatment of pollutants and long-term maintenance of treatment effect are carried out; the method specifically comprises the steps of deep treatment of a full-lake circulating membrane filtration water treatment system, restoration of lake bottom matrix, multi-medium purification of river bed, micro-nano oxygen-increasing plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement;
(3) and (3) a burst emergency treatment stage: aiming at rapidly processing a large amount of suspended particles and rapidly propagating algae in a short time, modified plant tannin is adopted for emergency treatment, and the emergency treatment effect is enhanced through equipment maintenance, membrane backwashing and plant management measures.
Before the flocculating agent is added in the step (1), large and medium floaters and suspended matters in the water body are salvaged in a manual or mechanical mode and the like, so that the pollution load of a subsequent treatment process is reduced; and then adding a modified plant tannin flocculating agent into the water body, wherein the flocculating agent fully dispersed in the water body collides with pollutants to form micro-flocs, and numerous micro-flocs collide with one another to form larger flocs and then settle, so that a large amount of small-particle-size suspended particles, algae, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like are removed.
The deep treatment of the whole lake circulation membrane filtration water treatment system in the step (2) specifically comprises the following contents: the lake water is pumped to the automatic circulating membrane filtering device by using the water inlet pump so as to carry out deep filtering treatment on the water body, the treated water body is pumped back to the lake body, and meanwhile, the membrane filtering device is regularly back-flushed, so that the water body is ensured to stably reach the standard for a long time.
The lake bottom matrix restoration and river bed multi-medium purification in the step (2) specifically comprise the following contents:
A. bottom mud covering and pollution release blocking: after the flocs are completely settled, the sediment is covered in situ by using a natural zeolite material, the cover can effectively increase the transport distance of soluble pollutants on a mud-water interface, physically separate the polluted sediment from an upper water body, and meanwhile, the cover layer can play a role in stabilizing and preventing the sediment from being resuspended, and can adsorb the pollutants entering the upper water body, so that the release amount of the sediment is effectively reduced;
B. strengthening river bed base biological membrane decontamination: pebbles are selected as contact fillers, a layer of pebbles is laid on the zeolite, and when water flows through the pebbles, suspended particles which are not removed by the flocculation process move to the surfaces of the pebbles due to precipitation, physical interception, hydrodynamic force and the like to contact with the sediment; as the pebble surface is charged, organic matters in water are adsorbed on a pebble surface biomembrane and are oxidized and decomposed by microorganisms and algae on the pebble surface, the aerobic and anaerobic environments respectively formed on the surface and inside of the biomembrane further remove COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and the like on a water-sediment interface through nitrification and denitrification, and the removal of phosphorus mainly depends on the adsorption of soil and pebbles;
C. constructing submerged vegetation and ecologically purifying: the method is characterized in that the submerged vegetation is restored at the bottom of the riverbed, the submerged vegetation is used for further inhibiting sediment resuspension, meanwhile, a substrate micro-ecological purification system is formed by using matrixes, microorganisms and plants, nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body are removed by using plant absorption, the water quality is further purified by physical, chemical and biological effects, the self-purification capacity of the water body is obviously improved, the ecological restoration of aquatic plants is realized, and good ecological balance is formed.
The micro-nano oxygen increasing plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement in the step (2) specifically comprises the following contents: the micro-nano oxygenation plug flow device is arranged in the lake body, the hydrodynamic condition of the water body is changed, the high-efficiency oxygenation and plug flow of the water body are realized, the circulation of the locally closed detented water body is promoted, the water body is in an aerobic state, the normal purification function of aerobic microorganisms is ensured to be exerted, and the self-purification capacity of the water body is improved; the micro-nano oxygen-increasing flow-pushing effect can better promote the mixing of the modified plant tannin and pollutants in the water body and strengthen the flocculation effect; meanwhile, the lake water is pumped to the membrane filter device by using the water inlet pump so as to carry out deep filtration treatment on the water body, the treated water body is pumped back to the lake body, and the membrane filter device is subjected to back washing at regular time, so that the water body is ensured to reach the standard stably for a long time.
The modified plant tannin flocculant is synthesized by the following steps: reacting diethylamine with formaldehyde in a four-necked flask to obtain methylenediamine, dissolving plant tannin and 1, 4-dioxane, adding methylenediamine, stirring, and adding acid catalyst with acid amount of 0.02 mol/g plant tannin; reacting at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 4 h, then adding epoxy chloropropane, and continuing to react for 4 h to terminate the reaction; distilling under reduced pressure to separate the solvent to obtain modified plant tannin; wherein, the dosage molar ratio of the main chemical agents is as follows: formaldehyde: plant tannin: 1, 4-dioxane: epichlorohydrin =1:1:1:2: 1.5-2.
The automatic circulating membrane filtration device comprises a water inlet pipe, a water inlet dosing pump, a water inlet pump, a coarse filter, a fine filter, a water outlet dosing pump and a water distribution pipe network; the water is pumped into the water inlet pipe from the bottom of the landscape water body by the water inlet pump, the modified plant tannin flocculating agent is added by the water inlet dosing pump, then the water sequentially enters the coarse filter and the fine filter, and after the filtered water is added with the bactericide by the water outlet dosing pump, the water is uniformly distributed along the periphery of the landscape water body by the water distribution pipe network.
And (3) when a modified plant tannin flocculant is required to be added in the early treatment stage, under the conditions that the water body is suddenly turbid, the algae eruption and the like, the modified plant tannin flocculant is added by means of a water outlet dosing pump of an automatic circulating membrane filtration system, the flocculant is uniformly dispersed into the water body through a porous nozzle at the tail end, and suspended matters or algae are removed in a manual spraying mode by means of spraying equipment such as a sprayer in dead corners of lake bodies or areas which are difficult to reach by a pipeline adding device. In the adding process, the concentration of the modified plant tannin in the water body is ensured to be about 50-100 mg/L. The addition amount of the modified plant tannin is the optimal addition amount obtained according to indoor experiments, and the pollutants can be efficiently removed with the lowest medicament cost.
In the process of bottom mud covering and pollution release blocking, the coverage area of the zeolite is 80-100%, the particle size of the selected zeolite is 5-10 mm, and the density is 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the zeolite layer is 10-20 mm, and the porosity is selected to be 20-40%.
In the process of strengthening the river bed substrate biofilm decontamination, the coverage area of the pebbles is 40-60%, the coverage range is mainly in areas with higher pollution risks such as lake coasts and local closed stagnant water bodies, the particle size of the pebbles is 30-50 mm, and the density is 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the pebble layer is 30-50 mm, and the porosity is selected from 30-50%.
The submerged plant is selected from at least two of curly pondweed and waterweed, eel grass and hydrilla verticillata, and the submerged plant needs to be cleaned manually and regularly when the submerged plant grows excessively or decays and dies.
Examples
The landscape water body treated by the embodiment is located in Wu hotel in Wu-jin district of Changzhou city, Jiangsu province, and is a landscape lake body which is excavated manually, namely south east to white cloud, south to south boy river, west to royal creek and North to middle Wu avenue. The volume of the landscape water body of the artificial lake is about 4100m3The water depth is 0.3-1.0 m. The water body is a closed system, the lake surface is divided into two lake areas of south and north by the island Hu Shi rockery, and the two lake areas are connected through a narrow water channel. The artificial lake water mainly has the following three problems:
(1) the current situation of lake water is that the water quality category is IV, and the main problems are that the water body has eutrophication potential and the risk of algae outbreak; the water body has high turbidity and low transparency; the ammonia nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the water body are mainly in a suspension state, and the total nitrogen in the suspension state also accounts for a larger proportion.
(2) The sediment is easy to resuspend, causing water turbidity and transparency reduction. The anti-seepage film is used for seepage prevention during artificial lake bottom sampling, and 1m thick soil is covered on the anti-seepage film. Because the new soil surface layer can not form a stable layer, floating mud appears, and the water body is easy to resuspend after slight disturbance. When the rockery waterfall runs in the northwest, a great amount of sediments are suspended due to water intake disturbance of the water intake at the bottom and water flow impact of the waterfall discharging, and the sediments are influenced to the main lake area, so that the whole lake water body is turbid, and the rockery waterfall cannot run normally; when the artificial lake water treatment system operates, the water intake disturbance of the water intake of the backwater system and the water outlet disturbance of each water distribution port can cause a large amount of suspension of sediments, so that the water body of the whole lake is turbid and the water quality is deteriorated.
(3) The lake body is closed, the hydrodynamic force condition is poor, and the self-purification capacity of the water body is weak. The water in the whole lake is in a closed state, and no water exchange and flow exist, so that the water quality is easily deteriorated. In addition, the local lake area is more closed, the exchange with the main lake area is weak, the dissolved oxygen content is low, and the water quality is easier to deteriorate.
According to the problems, the following ecological purification method of the landscape water body based on the modified plant tannin is provided:
(1) initial rapid decontamination phase
Adding a modified plant tannin flocculating agent, the flocculating agent and pollutants in the water body into the water body to remove a large amount of pollutants in the water body. The modified vegetable tannin mainly removes suspended particulate matters or algae by the following three ways: (a) generally, the surface of suspended matters in a water body is electronegative, after electropositive modified plant tannin enters the water body, the modified plant tannin and suspended matter particles are attracted and close to each other by strong electric charges, and after the electric charges on the surface of the suspended matters are completely neutralized, the electrostatic repulsion among particles is reduced to the minimum value, so that the particles are close to each other, are aggregated and finally settle, and the mechanism is called as simple electric neutralization; (b) however, for most cases, it is impossible for the modified vegetable tannin to neutralize every charged adsorption site on the surface of the microparticles, and even if enough flocculant is adsorbed to make the net surface charge zero, there will still be positive and negative regions. When the particles collide, the positive and negative electric regions may contact each other and are tightly combined by electrostatic attraction, thereby increasing the flocculation speed and possibly forming larger flocs to settle down, which is a mechanism of "electrostatic cluster effect"; (c) the negatively charged suspended particles compress the electric double layer by neutralization of the surface charge, thereby shortening the interparticle distance. The modified plant tannin molecular chains can be carried on two or more particles through the interaction of active groups of the modified plant tannin molecular chains and the surfaces of the particles like a bridge, so that different particles are connected to form flocculation groups, a large number of flocculation groups are collided and condensed under the disturbance of a water body, and the mechanism is a bridging effect.
The modified plant tannin can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus in water mainly through the following ways: (a) the modified plant tannin is combined with dissolved or suspended nitrogen and phosphorus by virtue of abundant active sites on the surface through adsorption; (b) modified plant tannin and the little flocculating constituent that suspended particles formed, numerous little flocculating constituents can bump with the nitrogen phosphorus of particulate state and combine at the in-process that subsides, thereby finally take place to subside altogether and get rid of nitrogen phosphorus.
In the embodiment, the adding concentration of the modified plant tannin is selected to be 50 mg/L, and the total adding amount is 4100m3× 50 mg/L = 0.205 ton.
After flocculation treatment, a detection result of a water sample at a typical site shows that suspended particles in a water body are removed in a large amount, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like are obviously reduced, the turbidity of the water body is obviously reduced, the transparency is obviously increased, and all indexes can reach the III-class standard of surface water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838-.
(2) Long-term maintenance stage of water quality
River bed matrix restoration and multi-medium purification
A. Bottom mud covering and pollution release blocking: after the flocs are completely settled, the natural zeolite material is adopted to carry out in-situ covering on the sediments so as to prevent the pollutants from being released again.
The zeolite coverage area in this example is selected to be 100% (about 4100 m)2) The zeolite is selected to have a particle size of 5 mm and a density of 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the zeolite layer is 8 mm, and the porosity is selected to be 30%.
B. Strengthening river bed base biological membrane decontamination: pebbles are selected as contact fillers, a layer of pebbles is further laid on the zeolite to provide an attachment carrier for the biomembrane, and COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and the like at a water-sediment interface are further removed by utilizing the aerobic-anaerobic process metabolic process of the biomembrane.
In the embodiment, the coverage area of the pebbles is 50% (about 2050 m 2), and the coverage area is mainly distributed around the water distribution port and the water return port, so that the hydraulic disturbance brought by the operation period of the water circulation system is weakened. SelectingThe pebbles with the grain diameter of 30 mm and the density of 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the pebble layer is 50 mm, and the porosity is selected to be 40%.
C. Constructing submerged vegetation and ecologically purifying: submerged plants such as curly pondweed, black alga, curly pondweed and the like are planted on the water bottom, wherein the curly pondweed grows in winter and can be matched with other two plants in seasons. After the submerged vegetation is formed, the ecological functions are as follows: (a) the roots of the submerged plants can fix sediments, so that the resuspension of the sediments is reduced; (b) the stems and leaves of the submerged plants can capture suspended particles, generate resistance to water flow, reduce flow speed and facilitate the sedimentation of the suspended particles; (c) the submerged plant can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus substances in the sediment through the root and can also utilize nutrient substances in the water body through the stem and leaf to reduce the concentration of nutrient salt; (d) as a primary producer, there is a competitive relationship between submerged plants and algae, and good submerged vegetation can strongly inhibit the growth of algae; (e) the well-developed submerged vegetation can provide attached carriers for microorganisms, provide habitation, refuge and spawning places for aquatic organisms, and provide food sources for the aquatic organisms, thereby being beneficial to increasing the diversity and stability of a water ecosystem.
In the embodiment, the planting coverage area of the submerged plants is 50 percent (about 2050 m)2) The coverage area is the same as that of the pebble covering layer, the pebble covering layer is mainly distributed around the water distribution port and the water return port, and the planting density is 20 clusters/m2。
② micro-nano oxygen increasing plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement, wherein the micro-nano oxygen increasing plug flow machine is arranged in the lake body to change the hydrodynamic condition of the water body, promote the circulation of the water body which is locally closed and detained, make the water body in an aerobic state, and ensure the normal purification function of aerobic microorganisms, the specific functions and working principles of the micro-nano oxygen increasing plug flow machine are as follows, (a) the high-efficiency oxygen increasing, the micro-nano oxygen increasing plug flow machine smashes oxygen bubbles into micron-sized particles, thereby greatly prolonging the action time of oxygen filled into the water body and the surrounding water body, helping the oxygen content (DO) of the water body to be rapidly increased, reaching 8 mg/L within 24 hours, and forming the result that the oxygen content at the bottom of the water body is not low and the surface of the water body, (b) the water,the water body is pushed to flow directionally, so that the static water becomes alive. Meanwhile, the strong plug flow can help the sludge deposited at the bottom of the water body to react with oxygen and degrade organic matters; (c) effectively remove the suspension. The water ejected by the micro-nano oxygenation impeller can form oxygen-containing rotating particles. Large pieces of organic solids will be crushed into small, homogenous particles after passing through the machine. A plurality of 'oxygen-containing rotating particles' oxidize and degrade small organic solids in the surrounding water; (d) and (4) degrading sludge and organic matters. The micro-nano oxygen-increasing impeller generates cavitation to lead part of H2O to H++（OH）-. In addition to the very strong oxidation-reduction action, H++（OH）-But also have strong destructive power on the molecular core of the microorganism. The main body of the sludge is a deposit of microorganisms, bacteria and other organic matters. Under strong oxidation-reduction action, the sludge is decomposed into H2O and CO2Plus a very small amount of solids that are not decomposable.
In the embodiment, the oxygenation plug flow effect and the operation cost are comprehensively considered, and 2 micro-nano oxygenation plug flow machines of 7.5kw are arranged in total and used for strengthening the water body flowing condition and improving the water body purification capacity and the ecological restoration effect.
The operation is started according to the actual water quality and the hydraulic condition, and the operation is generally carried out for 30 d every year when the water quality is suddenly deteriorated in summer, a large amount of algae are erupted, and the long-term operation and maintenance is carried out, namely the water body circulation system is started.
Thirdly, the automatic circulating membrane filtration system performs deep treatment: for the water body with higher water quality requirement, the water body is further purified by the automatic circulating membrane filtering device, so that the water quality of the water body can reach the standard stably for a long time. The automatic circulating membrane filtering system consists of a water inlet pipe, a water inlet dosing pump, three sets of filtering equipment (comprising three water inlet pumps, three coarse filters and three fine filters), a water outlet dosing pump and a water distribution pipe network.
The three water inlet pumps pump lake water into the water inlet pipe from the bottom of the artificial lake, the lake water enters the coarse filter and the fine filter in sequence after the modified plant tannin flocculating agent is added into the lake water through the water inlet dosing pump, and the filtered water uniformly flows out along 9 water outlets on the periphery of the landscape water body through the water distribution pipe network and returns to the artificial lake after the bactericide is added into the filtered water through the water outlet dosing pump.
And regularly performing back washing on the filter membrane of the automatic filter, wherein the back washing water is converged into a foreign river through a pipeline. The maximum processing capacity of each automatic membrane filter is Q =70 m3H, the maximum processing capacity of the three automatic membrane filters can reach 210 m3The lake water area is about 4100m3The lake water is completely circulated for about 19.5 hours once.
(3) Emergency treatment phase
When the water body becomes turbid suddenly and the algae burst, the modified plant tannin flocculating agent is added by virtue of a water outlet dosing pump of the automatic circulating membrane filtration system, the flocculating agent is uniformly dispersed into the water body through a porous spray head at the tail end, and suspended matters or algae are removed by virtue of a manual spraying mode by virtue of spraying equipment such as a sprayer in dead corners of a lake body or areas which are difficult to reach by a pipeline adding device. In the adding process, the concentration of the modified plant tannin in the water body is ensured to be about 50-100 mg/L.
After treatment, the detection result of a typical site water sample within two years shows that all indexes can stably reach the III-class standard of surface water in the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB 3838-.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin is characterized by comprising the following specific implementation steps:
(1) the initial rapid purification stage: adding modified plant tannin into the landscape water body, and under the flocculation effect, the modified plant tannin strengthens flocculation to quickly purify and remove suspended matters and pollutants, and simultaneously reduces turbidity, improves transparency and quickly improves water quality;
(2) a long-acting water quality maintaining stage: on the basis of the initial rapid purification, further treatment of pollutants and long-term maintenance of treatment effect are carried out; the method specifically comprises the steps of deep treatment of a full-lake circulating membrane filtration water treatment system, restoration of lake bottom matrix, multi-medium purification of river bed, micro-nano oxygen-increasing plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement;
(3) and (3) a burst emergency treatment stage: aiming at rapidly processing a large amount of suspended particles and rapidly propagating algae in a short time, modified plant tannin is adopted for emergency treatment, and the emergency treatment effect is enhanced through equipment maintenance, membrane backwashing and plant management measures.
2. The ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), before adding flocculant, large and medium sized floaters and suspended matters in the water body are salvaged manually or mechanically; and then adding a modified plant tannin flocculating agent into the water body, fully dispersing the flocculating agent in the water body, and removing a large amount of small-particle-size suspended particles, algae, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
3. The ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin according to claim 2, characterized in that the modified plant tannin flocculant is synthesized by the following steps: reacting diethylamine with formaldehyde in a four-necked flask to obtain methylenediamine, dissolving plant tannin and 1, 4-dioxane, adding methylenediamine, stirring, and adding acid catalyst with acid amount of 0.02 mol/g plant tannin; reacting at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 4 h, then adding epoxy chloropropane, and continuing to react for 4 h to terminate the reaction; distilling under reduced pressure to separate the solvent to obtain modified plant tannin; wherein, the dosage molar ratio of the main chemical agents is as follows: formaldehyde: plant tannin: 1, 4-dioxane: epichlorohydrin =1:1:1:2: 1.5-2.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep treatment of the whole lake circulation membrane filtration water treatment system in the step (2) comprises pumping lake water to an automatic circulation membrane filtration device by using a water intake pump, pumping the treated water back to the lake body, and periodically backwashing the membrane filtration device.
5. The ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin according to claim 4, characterized in that the automatic circulating membrane filtration device comprises a water inlet pipe, a water inlet dosing pump, a water inlet pump, a coarse filter, a fine filter, a water outlet dosing pump, and a water distribution pipe network; the water is pumped into the water inlet pipe from the bottom of the landscape water body by the water inlet pump, the modified plant tannin flocculating agent is added by the water inlet dosing pump, then the water sequentially enters the coarse filter and the fine filter, and after the filtered water is added with the bactericide by the water outlet dosing pump, the water is uniformly distributed along the periphery of the landscape water body by the water distribution pipe network.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lake bottom matrix remediation and river bed multi-media purification in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
A. bottom mud covering and pollution release blocking: after the flocs are completely settled, the sediment is covered by natural zeolite materials in situ;
B. strengthening river bed base biological membrane decontamination: pebbles are selected as contact fillers, a layer of pebbles is laid on the zeolites again, organic matters in water are adsorbed on the surfaces of the pebbles to form a biological film, COD, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen at a water-sediment interface are further removed through nitrification and denitrification, and phosphorus at the water-sediment interface is removed by virtue of the adsorption of soil and the pebbles;
C. constructing submerged vegetation and ecologically purifying: restoring submerged vegetation at the bottom of the river bed, further inhibiting sediment from resuspending by using the submerged vegetation, forming a substrate microecological purification system by using a matrix, microorganisms and plants, and removing nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body by using plant absorption; the submerged plant is selected from at least two of curly pondweed, waterweed, eel grass and hydrilla verticillata.
7. The method of claim 6The ecological purification method of the landscape water body based on the modified plant tannin is characterized in that in the process of bottom mud covering and pollution release blocking, the coverage area of zeolite is 80% -100%, the particle size of the zeolite is 5-10 mm, and the density is 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the zeolite layer is 10-20 mm, and the porosity is selected to be 20-40%.
8. The ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the enhanced riverbed substrate biological membrane decontamination process, the coverage area of the pebbles is 40-60%, the coverage area is the area with higher risk of lake body coastline and local closed retention water body pollution, the particle size of the pebbles is 30-50 mm, and the density is 2.5 × 103kg /m3The thickness of the pebble layer is 30-50 mm, and the porosity is selected from 30-50%.
9. The ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin according to claim 1, wherein the micro-nano oxygen increase plug flow and hydrodynamic improvement in the step (2) specifically comprises the following contents: the micro-nano oxygen increasing impeller is arranged in the lake body, the hydrodynamic condition of the water body is changed, the high-efficiency oxygen increasing and flow pushing of the water body are realized, the circulation of the locally closed detented water body is promoted, the normal purification function of aerobic microorganisms is ensured to be exerted, the mixing of the modified plant tannin and pollutants in the water body is promoted, and the flocculation effect is strengthened.
10. The ecological purification method of landscape water body based on modified plant tannin according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency treatment with the modified plant tannin in the step (3) comprises the following steps: adding the modified plant tannin flocculant by using a water outlet dosing pump of an automatic circulating membrane filtration system, and uniformly dispersing the flocculant into a water body through a porous spray head at the tail end; in the dead angle of the lake body or the area which is difficult to reach by the pipeline feeding device, suspended matters or algae are removed by means of manual spraying by means of spraying equipment; in the adding process, the concentration of the modified plant tannin in the water body is ensured to be about 50-100 mg/L.
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