CN111204927A - Ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system and sewage treatment and recycling method - Google Patents
Ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system and sewage treatment and recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111204927A CN111204927A CN202010052707.2A CN202010052707A CN111204927A CN 111204927 A CN111204927 A CN 111204927A CN 202010052707 A CN202010052707 A CN 202010052707A CN 111204927 A CN111204927 A CN 111204927A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system and a sewage treatment recycling method, the ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system comprises a septic tank, an integrated biological purifier, an enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland, an ecological pond and a circulating water device which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, the water outlet end of the septic tank is connected with the water inlet end of the integrated biological purifier, the water outlet end of the integrated biological purifier is connected with a water distribution pipe capable of conveying sewage on the upper layer of a sedimentation tank to the upper surface of a filter layer, the lower part of the filter layer is provided with a water collecting pipe, the water collecting pipe is provided with water collecting holes, the water collecting pipe conveys water in the water collecting pipe to the ecological pond, and the circulating water device comprises a circulating water pump capable of extracting pond water in the ecological pond to recycle the pond water. The invention has high sewage purification degree, can realize sewage recycling, and solves the problems of underdeveloped tap water pipelines and difficult source of toilet flushing water sources in villages, towns, parks and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a sewage treatment circulating system of an ecological public toilet and a sewage treatment recycling method.
Background
Since the ecological environment-friendly toilet is started late, the ecological environment-friendly toilet is only used in urban public toilets and the tourism industry basically at present, the use is less, the popularization rate of rural sanitary toilets is only 7.5%, the dry toilet bowls scattered outdoors easily cause odor of the surrounding environment, flies cross and flee, and the surrounding environment and the rural appearance are seriously affected.
Under the 'toilet revolution' initiated by the national tourist bureau, the construction and management of the toilet in cities in China are greatly improved. At present, the big pattern of urban domestic sewage treatment in China is gradually formed, policies and markets are relatively standard, about 90 hundred million tons of domestic sewage are generated in rural areas every year, and most of domestic sewage is collected, treated and directly discharged. However, because of the lack of large-scale equipment such as large-scale sewage treatment plants, the sewage treatment devices currently applied to remote areas can only perform relatively simple treatment on sewage discharged from septic tanks, purify the sewage to a certain extent, remove partial COD, BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances, then discharge the sewage, purify the sewage by means of self-regulation capability of natural environment, and cannot realize recycling of the sewage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an ecological public toilet sewage treatment cycle system and a sewage treatment and recycling method which have high sewage purification degree and can recycle sewage, and solve the problems that tap water pipelines of villages and towns, parks and the like are not developed and the sources of toilet flushing water sources are difficult.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the utility model provides an ecological public latrine sewage treatment circulation system, its includes septic tank, integral type biological cleaner, the artificial wetland of intensive dephosphorization, ecological pond and the circulating water device that sets gradually along the rivers direction, the play water end of septic tank is connected with the end of intaking of integral type biological cleaner, integral type biological cleaner include anaerobic tank, oxygen deficiency pond, good oxygen pond and the sedimentation tank that sets gradually along the rivers direction, all be provided with the biofilm carrier that supplies the microorganism to grow and breed in anaerobic tank, oxygen deficiency pond and the good oxygen pond, the artificial wetland of intensive dephosphorization include the filter layer, be provided with the filter material in the filter layer, the filter material include one or arbitrary multiple in haydite, coal ash sediment, slag, rubble, plant on the filter layer, the sedimentation tank be connected with can carry the sewage on the sedimentation tank upper strata to the water distribution pipe of filter layer upper surface, the lower part of the filter layer is provided with a water collecting pipe, the water collecting pipe is provided with a water collecting hole, the water collecting pipe conveys water in the water collecting pipe to the ecological pond, and the circulating water device comprises a circulating water pump which can pump pond water of the ecological pond to recycle the pond water.
Preferably, the filter layer comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the filter material on the surface layer is ceramsite, the filter material on the middle layer is a mixture of coal ash and steel slag, the filter material on the bottom layer is broken stone, plants on the filter layer are planted on the surface layer, and the water collecting pipe is arranged on the bottom layer.
Preferably, the water distribution pipes include a main water distribution pipe and a plurality of branch water distribution pipes, the main water distribution pipe and the branch water distribution pipes are located above the filter layer, the branch water distribution pipes in the same row are parallel to each other, the distance between every two adjacent branch water distribution pipes is equal, the two branch water distribution pipes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main water distribution pipe, one end of each branch water distribution pipe is communicated with the main water distribution pipe, and a water distribution hole is formed in the outer side wall of each branch water distribution pipe.
Preferably, the filter layer is provided with a vent pipe, one end of the vent pipe is positioned above the filter layer, and the other end of the vent pipe downwards penetrates through the filter layer and is communicated with the water collecting pipe.
Preferably, the upper parts of the anoxic pond and the aerobic pond are open, ecological floating beds floating on the surface of the sewage are arranged in the anoxic pond and the aerobic pond, and plants capable of absorbing nutrient substances in the sewage are planted on the ecological floating beds.
Preferably, a reflux pump is arranged in the aerobic tank, the reflux pump is connected with a reflux pipe, the reflux pipe is connected with a first reflux branch pipe capable of injecting reflux sewage into the anoxic tank, and a valve for controlling the on-off of the first reflux branch pipe is arranged on the first reflux branch pipe.
Preferably, the integrated biological purifier further comprises a distribution tank which is located at the upstream of the anaerobic tank and communicated with the anaerobic tank, the return pipe is further connected with a second return branch pipe which can inject return sewage into the distribution tank, and a valve for controlling the second return branch pipe to be switched on and off is arranged on the second return branch pipe.
Preferably, a sludge return pipe is connected between the bottom of the sedimentation tank and the anaerobic tank, a valve for controlling the on-off of the sludge return pipe is arranged on the sludge return pipe, and the sludge return pipe is connected with a sludge return pump capable of pumping sludge in the sedimentation tank into the anaerobic tank along the sludge return pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of the sedimentation tank is provided with a drain outlet, the drain outlet is provided with a valve capable of controlling the opening and closing of the drain outlet, the drain outlet is connected with a drain pipe, the other end of the drain pipe is connected with an external sludge tank, and the drain pipe is connected with a drain pump capable of pumping out sludge in the drain pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of the anaerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank is respectively provided with a sewage branch pipe, the upper end opening of each sewage branch pipe is higher than the corresponding tank bottom, the other end of each sewage branch pipe is communicated with the sewage pipe, and each sewage branch pipe is provided with a valve capable of controlling the on-off of the sewage branch pipe.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the ecological pond is provided with an ecological covering layer, a porous material is arranged in the ecological covering layer for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, and the ecological covering layer is planted with submerged plants.
Preferably, an ecological floating island is arranged on the water surface of the ecological pond, plants are planted on the ecological floating island, and the ecological floating island is connected with a biological rope suspended in pond water.
Preferably, a water collecting tank capable of collecting rainwater is arranged around the ecological pond, the water collecting tank is higher than the water surface of the ecological pond, and an undercurrent filter belt capable of allowing water in the water collecting tank to undercurrent into the ecological pond is arranged between the water collecting tank and the ecological pond.
A sewage treatment recycling method applies the ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system and comprises the following steps:
A. the sewage is discharged into the septic tank, most of solid wastes in the sewage are settled in the septic tank, an anaerobic environment is maintained in the septic tank, and most of organic matters in the sewage are degraded;
B. the upper layer sewage treated by the septic tank enters an integrated biological processor, sequentially passes through an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank and a sedimentation tank, and is subjected to further degradation on residual organic matters in the sewage by microorganisms in the anaerobic tank, the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank to remove most of COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage;
C. the upper layer sewage in the sedimentation tank is conveyed to a water distribution pipe, the water distribution pipe sprays the sewage on the upper surface of the enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland, so that the sewage naturally seeps downwards, and the sewage is filtered by a filter layer and absorbed by plants and then flows into a water collection pipe;
D. discharging the water in the water collecting pipe into a water collecting tank, wherein the water in the water collecting tank seeps through the undercurrent filter belt and flows into the ecological pond, and the water is purified continuously under the wetland regulation effect of the ecological pond;
E. the circulating water pump pumps pool water in the ecological pond, and the pool water is filtered and disinfected and then is introduced into the water supply tank, and the water outlet end of the water supply tank is connected with a domestic water pipeline.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the circulating water is treated in a full ecological mode, secondary pollution is avoided, chemical agents are not needed, the stable ecological mode has a long water treatment effect on water quality, the water quality is simple to maintain, the treated water quality is good, the water can be recycled after simple treatment and disinfection, and the problems that tap water pipelines in villages and towns, parks and the like are not developed and the source of a water source for flushing a toilet is difficult are solved;
the second and integrated biological processors have small floor area and strong processing capacity, integrate anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic processing, and further enhance the sewage processing capacity by combining the plant absorption of the ecological floating bed and the processing of plant roots, and can process most pollutants such as COD, BOD, nitrogen and the like and part of phosphorus;
thirdly, a reflux pump is arranged in the aerobic tank, the reflux operation is carried out on the sewage with poor effluent effect or without treatment effect, the effluent quality is improved, the sedimentation tank regularly carries out sludge reflux to supplement bacterial sources, and the sludge is pumped out when the sludge is excessively precipitated;
fourthly, under the condition that water is uniformly distributed by the water distribution pipe, water flow vertically flows to the bottom of the bed from the surface of the enhanced phosphorus removal artificial wetland, sequentially passes through a ceramsite layer, a steel slag/coal ash layer and a rubble layer, the ceramsite is beneficial to the growth of plant roots, the filtering effect is strong, the steel slag/coal ash has strong adsorption effect on phosphorus in public toilet sewage, the sewage treatment capacity is enhanced by matching with the absorption effect of plants, the hydraulic load of the enhanced phosphorus removal artificial wetland can reach 0.8m3/, and the defect that the phosphorus treatment effect of the integrated biological processor is poor is solved;
fifthly, plants and biological ropes on the ecological floating island and an ecological covering layer arranged at the bottom of the ecological pond can further improve the purification effect of the ecological pond and improve the purification efficiency;
and sixthly, the ecological public toilet is built without depending on a municipal sewage pipe network, and convenience is brought to the building of the public toilet in remote areas and areas where the municipal sewage pipe network cannot reach.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an integrated biological purifier;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional structure view of an enhanced phosphorus removal constructed wetland;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of an artificial wetland for enhanced phosphorus removal;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a branch pipe of the water distributor;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the header;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an ecological pond;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view showing a state of use of the circulation water using apparatus.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the invention provides an ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system, which comprises a septic tank 400, an integrated biological purifier 100, an enhanced phosphorus removal artificial wetland 300, an ecological pond 500 and a circulating water device 600 which are sequentially arranged along a water flow direction, wherein a water outlet end of the septic tank 400 is connected with a water inlet end of the integrated biological purifier 100, the integrated biological purifier 100 comprises an anaerobic tank 11, an anoxic tank 12, an aerobic tank 13 and a sedimentation tank 14 which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, biological fillers 21 for growth and propagation of microorganisms are respectively arranged in the anaerobic tank 11, the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13, the enhanced phosphorus removal artificial wetland 300 comprises a filter layer 31, filter materials are arranged in the filter layer 31, the filter materials comprise one or more of ceramsite, coal ash, steel slag and gravel, plants are planted on the filter layer 31, the sedimentation tank 14 is provided with a water outlet 141, the water outlet 141 is connected with a water distribution pipe 32 which can convey sewage on the upper layer of the sedimentation tank 14 to the upper surface of the filter layer 31, the lower part of the filter layer 31 is provided with a water collection pipe 33, the water collection pipe 33 is provided with a water collection hole 331, the water collection pipe 33 conveys water in the water collection pipe to the ecological pond 500, and the water recycling device 600 comprises a water recycling pump (not shown) which can pump the pond water in the ecological pond 500 to recycle the pond water.
Furthermore, the upper parts of the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13 are open, ecological floating beds 22 floating on the surface of the sewage are arranged in the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13, and plants capable of absorbing nutrient substances in the sewage are planted on the ecological floating beds 22. The plant species is preferably Trillia viridis and canna.
The specific structure of the septic tank 400 is prior art and will not be described in detail herein. The septic tank 400 is preferably a three-stage septic tank which is made of a PE (polyethylene) integrated tank body and is divided into three compartments, public toilet wastewater, cleaning wastewater and cleaning wastewater are collected for primary treatment, the effective volume of the three-stage septic tank is 3 times of the volume of the wastewater generated by public toilets every day, the wastewater firstly enters a first-stage tank and is deposited to leave most solid wastes, the solid residue volume is reduced through anaerobic microorganism decomposition and consumption, and the sludge cleaning period of the septic tank 400 is prolonged; then, the majority of macromolecular organic matters in the sewage are hydrolyzed through secondary and tertiary anaerobic treatment.
Preferably, the filter layer 31 comprises a bottom layer 313, a middle layer 312 and a surface layer 311 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the filter material of the surface layer 311 is ceramsite, the filter material of the middle layer 312 is a mixture of coal ash and steel slag, the filter material of the bottom layer 313 is broken stone, plants on the filter layer 31 are planted on the surface layer 311, the water collecting pipe 33 is arranged on the bottom layer 313, and the plants planted on the filter layer 31 are emerald green, vetiver, reed and canna.
The thickness of the surface layer 311 is 15-30cm, preferably 20 cm; the thickness of the intermediate layer 312 is 40-60cm, preferably 50 cm; the thickness of the bottom layer 313 is 20-50cm, preferably 30 cm.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the water distribution pipes 32 include a main water distribution pipe 321 and a plurality of branch water distribution pipes 322 located above the filter layer 31, one end of the main water distribution pipe 321 is connected to the water outlet 141, the branch water distribution pipes 322 are divided into two rows, the branch water distribution pipes 322 in the same row are parallel to each other and the distance between every two adjacent branch water distribution pipes 322 is equal, the two rows of branch water distribution pipes 322 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the main water distribution pipe 321, one end of each branch water distribution pipe 322 is communicated with the main water distribution pipe 321, two rows of water distribution holes 320 are disposed on the outer side wall of each branch water distribution pipe 322, and the two rows of water distribution holes 320 are symmetrically disposed on the upper portions of two sides of the branch water distribution. The water distribution pipe 32 with such a structure can realize uniform water distribution on the surface of the enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland 300.
Referring to fig. 3, the filter layer 31 is provided with a vent pipe 31, one end of the vent pipe 31 is positioned above the filter layer 31, and the other end of the vent pipe 31 passes down through the filter layer 31 and communicates with the water collecting pipe 33. Preferably, the plurality of water collecting pipes 33 are provided, the plurality of water collecting pipes 33 finally converge to the same pipe to facilitate collection and recycling of purified water, the plurality of water collecting pipes 33 are uniformly provided on the bottom layer 313 of the filter layer 31, a plurality of water collecting holes 331 are provided in each water collecting pipe 33, and when the water collecting pipes 33 are horizontally placed in the filter layer 31, the positions of the water collecting holes 331 should be located on the tops of the water collecting pipes 33, or the middle portions of both sides of the water collecting pipes 33, or the upper positions of both sides of the water collecting pipes 33.
Research on sewage purification effect of enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland 300 by using a plurality of fillers
The fillers are selected from ceramsite, zeolite, coal ash, steel slag and crushed stone, and the sewage for experiments adopts the sewage shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 sewage purification experiment sewage concentration table
The early-stage experiment is to compare four fillers and carry out experiments independently as constructed wetland fillers, the matrix adopts 70cm experimental fillers as an upper layer, 30cm broken stones as a bottom layer 313313 water collection layer, self-distribution sewage is pumped into a high-level water tank, a flow meter controls the flow, the flow meter runs in parallel, constant conditions are adopted, and the hydraulic load is 0.8m3/m2D, continuously operating for one month under the condition, and then taking a water sample for testing, wherein the planting quantity in the wetland is equal, and the emerald green plants with the equivalent biomass are used as wetland plants. The removal rate of each contaminant by each filler after one month is shown in table 2, and the unit of each data is%.
Table 2 attached table of removing rate of each contaminant by each filler
| COD | NH3-N | TP | TN | |
| Ceramic particle | 82.2 | 90.1 | 57.0 | 92.6 |
| Zeolite | 81.6 | 78.6 | 65.4 | 85.0 |
| Coal ash slag | 78.5 | 73.8 | 89.6 | 84.4 |
| Steel slag | 77.4 | 77.8 | 91.5 | 83.6 |
| Crushing stone | 74.6 | 72.0 | 57.9 | 79.0 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the earlier experiments show that the absorption and removal effect of the coal ash and slag on phosphorus is optimal, the removal effect of the ceramsite and the zeolite on nitrogen-containing substances is good, the lengths of five groups of plant roots are measured in the experimental process, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 attached table for plant root length in various fillers
As shown in Table 3, the experiment proves that the plant root system is easier to grow and plays a better auxiliary role in water purification under the ceramsite matrix.
In the subsequent experiment, the ceramsite is covered by coal ash, steel slag and zeolite by 50cm in thickness, the zeolite is covered by the steel slag and the coal ash, the bottom layer 313313 is used for keeping 30cm of broken stone as water collection, the removal rate of each pollutant after one-month operation is shown in the table 4, and the unit of each data is.
TABLE 4
| COD | NH3-N | TP | TN | |
| Ceramsite/zeolite | 81.2 | 80.4 | 64.6 | 91.7 |
| Ceramsite/coal ash | 80.8 | 86.5 | 87.6 | 91.4 |
| Ceramsite/steel slag | 78.8 | 89.6 | 89.4 | 90.6 |
| Steel slag/coal ash slag | 74.5 | 74.8 | 92.6 | 85.6 |
| Zeolite/coal ash | 73.4 | 72.5 | 82.5 | 89.4 |
| Zeolite/steel slag | 76.6 | 76.6 | 85.4 | 87.6 |
As shown in Table 4, the experiment proves that the overall purification effect of sewage is the best under the condition that the ceramsite is matched with the steel slag, and the plant growth effect is better under the condition that the ceramsite is matched with the coal ash slag.
Under the condition of using 20cm of ceramsite, 50cm of steel slag/coal ash slag and 30cm of broken stone as filler, the treatment efficiency of the enhanced phosphorus removal constructed wetland 300 can be greatly improved, the application of the ceramsite is favorable for plant growth and plant absorption enhancement, the porous environment of the ceramsite is favorable for the attachment of microorganisms, and the treatment rate of COD and nitrogen is improved. The absorption of the steel slag/coal ash to phosphorus is better than that of other materials, and the bottom layer 313313 takes gravels as a substrate, so that the problem of pipeline blockage caused by easily falling chips when the surface of the steel slag/coal ash is pressed is avoided.
Referring to fig. 2, a reflux pump 23 is disposed in the aerobic tank 13, the reflux pump 23 is connected to a reflux pipe 24, the reflux pipe 24 is connected to a first reflux branch pipe 241 capable of injecting reflux sewage into the anoxic tank 12, and the first reflux branch pipe 241 is provided with a valve for controlling on-off of the first reflux branch pipe 241.
Further, the integrated biological purifier 100 further includes a distribution tank 15 located at the upstream of the anaerobic tank 11 and communicated with the anaerobic tank 11, the return pipe 24 is further connected to a second return branch pipe 242 capable of injecting return sewage into the distribution tank 15, and the second return branch pipe 242 is provided with a valve for controlling the on-off state of the second return branch pipe 242. The return pipe 24 in the aerobic tank 13 returns the sewage to the anoxic tank 12, the nitrified water is denitrified, the denitrification effect is better, the return ratio is 100% -120%, and when the content of organic matters in the effluent of the sedimentation tank 14 is too high, the return water enters the distribution tank 15 for retreatment.
Referring to fig. 2, a sludge return pipe 25 is connected between the bottom of the sedimentation tank 14 and the anaerobic tank 11, a valve for controlling the on-off of the sludge return pipe 25 is arranged on the sludge return pipe 25, and the sludge return pipe 25 is connected with a sludge return pump 26 capable of pumping the sludge in the sedimentation tank 14 into the anaerobic tank 11 along the sludge return pipe 25. 25% -50% of the sludge precipitated in the sedimentation tank 14 flows back to the anaerobic tank 11, activated sludge is supplemented, microorganisms in the sludge flow back to the anaerobic tank 11, and phosphorus is released by phosphorus-collecting bacteria to obtain energy.
In order to discharge the redundant sludge in the sedimentation tank 14 conveniently, a sewage discharge outlet 142 is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 14, a valve capable of controlling the circulation of the sewage discharge outlet 142 is arranged on the sewage discharge outlet 142, a sewage discharge pipe 16 is connected to the sewage discharge outlet 142, the other end of the sewage discharge pipe 16 is connected with an external sludge tank, and the sewage discharge pipe 16 is connected with a sewage discharge pump 17 capable of pumping out the sludge in the sewage discharge pipe 16.
Furthermore, the bottom of the anaerobic tank 11, the bottom of the anoxic tank 12 and the bottom of the aerobic tank 13 are respectively provided with a sewage branch pipe 18, the upper end opening of the sewage branch pipe 18 is higher than the corresponding tank bottom, the other end of the sewage branch pipe 18 is communicated with a sewage discharge pipe 16, and each sewage branch pipe 18 is provided with a valve capable of controlling the on-off of the sewage branch pipe. The structure is that the excess sludge at the bottom of the anaerobic tank 11, the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13 can be discharged through the sewage discharge pipe 16.
The excess sludge in the sedimentation tank 14, the anaerobic tank 11, the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13 is pumped out by a sludge pump. The upper end opening of the sewage branch pipe 18 is higher than the bottom of the sedimentation tank 14, the anaerobic tank 11 and the anoxic tank 12, so that sludge with certain thickness can be kept in the three tanks, and the capability of purifying sewage can be further improved by the growing and breeding microorganisms in the sludge. Preferably, the distance between the upper port of the sewage branch pipe 18 and the bottom of the anaerobic tank 11, the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13 is 15cm-25cm, and excess sludge is pumped out every 15-30 days.
The working principle of the integrated biological purifier 100 is as follows:
one side of the distribution tank 15 is provided with a water inlet, and firstly, sewage treated by the three-stage septic tank enters the distribution tank 15 from the water inlet, is uniformly distributed by the distribution tank 15, and enters the anaerobic tank 11 from the bottom of the distribution tank 15. The anaerobic tank 11 mainly utilizes the action of anaerobic bacteria to hydrolyze, acidify and methanize organic matters to remove the organic matters in the wastewater, the biodegradability of sewage is improved, subsequent treatment is utilized, biological fillers 21 in the anoxic tank 12 are suspended at intervals of 20-30cm to provide places for microorganism adhesion, the contact effective area of the microorganisms and the sewage is increased, and the tank cover of the anaerobic tank 11 is closed under the normal running state to keep the tank anaerobic.
The sewage treated by the anaerobic tank 11 enters the anoxic tank 12 from the upper part of the anaerobic tank 11, the air pumped by the air pump in the anoxic tank 12 is subjected to micro-aeration under the dispersion action of the microporous aeration pipes, so that the dissolved oxygen content in the sewage is 0.3-0.4mg/L, nitrate, nitrite and organic matters are mainly subjected to denitrification reaction in the anoxic state in the anoxic tank 12, nitrate is reduced to nitrogen and released, the hanging interval of biological fillers 21 in the anoxic tank 12 is 30cm, the cover-free part is arranged above the tank, and the ecological floating island 502 floats on the surface of the sewage. The biological filler 21 can provide a product for the attachment of microorganisms, is beneficial to the degradation of organic matters in water and the proceeding of denitrification reaction, and the plant root system on the ecological floating island 502 also has the function after growing into the water, and simultaneously can provide a certain carbon source for the denitrification reaction in the water, thereby being beneficial to the proceeding of denitrification reaction. The plant can absorb part of the plant nutrition needed by growth, and improve the sewage treatment capacity.
The sewage treated by the anoxic tank 12 enters an aerobic tank 13, air pumped by an air pump in the aerobic tank 13 is fully aerated under the dispersion action of the microporous aeration pipes, so that the dissolved oxygen content is 2-3mg/L, the aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic tank 13 further decompose the residual organic matters in the sewage, and meanwhile, nitrifying bacteria in the sewage nitrify ammonia nitrogen under the aerobic condition to generate nitrate radicals. The hanging interval of the biological filler 21 in the aerobic tank 13 is 30cm, the cover-free upper part in the aerobic tank is provided, and the ecological floating island 502 floats on the surface of sewage. The biological filler 21 can provide a product for the attachment of microorganisms, is beneficial to the degradation of organic matters in water and the implementation of nitration reaction, has the function after the plant root system grows into the water, and can provide a certain carbon source for the nitration reaction in the water, thereby being beneficial to the implementation of nitration. The plant can absorb part of the plant nutrition needed by growth, and improve the sewage treatment capacity.
When the aerobic tank 13 is in a normal operation state, the reflux pump 23 is started, the reflux water flows from the aerobic tank 13 to the anoxic tank 12, the nitrate radicals generated by the aerobic treatment are subjected to denitrification again, the reflux proportion is 100-120%, and when the content of organic matters in the effluent of the aerobic tank 13 is too high, the reflux water enters the distribution tank 15 for retreatment.
The sewage treated by the aerobic tank 13 enters a sedimentation tank 14, organic matters in the water are oxidized and decomposed to supply energy to phosphorus-collecting bacteria, the phosphorus-collecting bacteria absorb phosphorus from the water, the phosphorus enters cell tissues and is enriched in microorganisms, and the phosphorus-containing sludge is discharged from a discharge pipe 16 in the form of phosphorus-rich sludge after sedimentation and separation.
The working principle of the enhanced phosphorus removal constructed wetland 300 is as follows:
the supernatant of the sedimentation tank 14 is discharged from the water outlet 141 and naturally flows out or is pumped to the water distribution pipe 32, the water distribution pipe 32 uniformly sprays the sewage on the surface of the enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland 300, the water flow vertically seeps downwards, sequentially passes through the surface layer 311, the middle layer 312 and the bottom layer 313, enters the water collection pipe 33 after the filtration and adsorption, the microbial degradation and the plant absorption of the three layers, and most pollutants in the water are completely treated.
Referring to fig. 7, the bottom surface of the ecological pond 500 is provided with an ecological cover layer 501, a porous material is arranged in the ecological cover layer 501 for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and submerged plants are planted in the ecological cover layer 501. Preferably, the ecological covering layer 501 is divided into two layers, the lower layer is a yellow sand layer with the thickness of 1.5-3cm, the upper layer is zeolite with the thickness of 1.5-3cm, and the planting density of the submerged plants is 700g/m2。
The water surface of the ecological pond 500 is provided with an ecological floating island 502 and a biological reinforced ecological floating island 502, emergent wetland plants with strong water purification capacity are planted on the ecological floating island 502, the ecological floating island 502 is connected with biological ropes 503 which are suspended in pond water, the length of the biological ropes 503 is 1m, and the rope fastening intervals are 20 cm.
Further, a water collecting tank 51 capable of collecting rainwater is arranged around the ecological pond 500, the water collecting tank 51 is higher than the water surface of the ecological pond 500, and an undercurrent filter belt 52 capable of allowing water in the water collecting tank 51 to undercurrent into the ecological pond 500 is arranged between the water collecting tank 51 and the ecological pond 500. The above structure forms a rainwater purification system, purifies and collects rainwater in the ecological pond 500 for later use.
Preferably, the thickness of the undercurrent filtering belt 52 is 20-35cm, the undercurrent filtering belt 52 comprises a first gravel section 521, a ceramsite section 522 and a second gravel section 523 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along an inclined plane, the width of the first gravel section 521 is 0.8-1.3m, the width of the ceramsite section 522 is 1.5-2.5m, the width of the second gravel section 523 is 0.8-1.3m, a planting soil layer 53 is arranged on the undercurrent filtering belt 52, the thickness of the planting soil layer 53 is 8-15cm, and plants, preferably the drought-resistant and water-wet-resistant Deleli are planted on the planting soil layer 53.
Referring to fig. 8, the recycling water device 600 further includes a purified water sedimentation tank 61, a disinfection tank 62, a water supply pressure tank 63, and a domestic water pipeline 64, which are sequentially arranged along a water flow direction, the recycling water pump is arranged in the ecological pond 500 to pump pond water into the purified water sedimentation tank 61, a submersible pump 65 is arranged in the disinfection tank 62, and the water in the disinfection tank 62 is pumped into the water supply pressure tank 63 through the submersible pump 65. The domestic water line 64 outputs water for flushing toilets, cleaning floors, irrigation, planting flowers and plants, and the like.
The invention also provides a sewage treatment and recycling method, which applies the sewage treatment circulating system of the ecological public toilet and comprises the following steps:
A. the sewage is discharged into the septic tank 400, most of solid wastes in the sewage are settled in the septic tank 400, an anaerobic environment is maintained in the septic tank 400, and most of organic matters in the sewage are degraded;
B. the upper layer sewage treated by the septic tank 400 enters the integrated biological processor, sequentially passes through the anaerobic tank 11, the anoxic tank 12, the aerobic tank 13 and the sedimentation tank 14, further degrades residual organic matters in the sewage by microorganisms in the anaerobic tank 11, the anoxic tank 12 and the aerobic tank 13, removes most of COD, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage, enters the sedimentation tank 14 after the sewage treated by the aerobic tank 13, and removes suspended matters in the sewage through sedimentation;
C. the upper layer sewage in the sedimentation tank 14 is conveyed to the water distribution pipe 32, the water distribution pipe 32 sprays the sewage on the upper surface of the enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland 300, so that the sewage naturally seeps downwards, and the sewage is filtered by the filter layer 31 and absorbed by plants and then flows into the water collection pipe 33;
D. discharging the water in the water collecting pipe 33 into a water collecting tank 51, wherein the water in the water collecting tank 51 seeps through the undercurrent filter belt 52 and flows into the ecological pond 500, and the purification is continued under the wetland conditioning action of the ecological pond 500;
E. the circulating water pump pumps the pond water in the ecological pond 500, and the pond water is filtered and disinfected and then is introduced into the water supply tank, and the water outlet end of the water supply tank is connected with a domestic water pipeline 64.
Test 1
The on-site treatment process and the recycling utilization of the sewage of the ecological public toilet are formed according to the process. The demonstration area is positioned in a wetland park, the process is applied, and a cement road of 800m is arranged in the demonstration area2Greenbelt 1500m2500 water capacity of the ecological pond of 40m3Supplement in the poolThe water source is from nearby rivers, rainfall, 300 water of the enhanced phosphorus removal constructed wetland, and a public toilet with the floor area of 40m is built29m of sewage is required to be treated every day3. The ecological grass ditch is built along cement road, the floating island plants are canna, green-reeli and calamus, the area of the floating island is 20m214 m volume of purification sedimentation tank in circulating water system3The disinfection tank 62 is 4m3All adopt semi-buried water supply pressure tank 63 with effective volume of 5m3Effective volume of integrated biological purifier is 8m3Semi-buried artificial wetland is adopted, the plants planted in the pond are green-leaf-like banana and canna, the hydraulic retention time is 21h, and the floor area of the artificial wetland is 15m2. In actual operation, the parameters of the effluent quality of each part are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
As can be seen from the above table, the sewage treated by the invention is very clean and can be recycled, and the sewage can be used for flushing toilets, cleaning floors, irrigating, planting flowers and plants and the like.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the technical solutions that achieve the objects of the present invention by basically the same means are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ecological public latrine sewage treatment circulation system, its characterized in that, it includes septic tank (400), integral type biological cleaner (100), enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland (300), ecological pond (500) and circulation water installation (600) that set gradually along the rivers direction, the play water end of septic tank (400) is connected with the intake end of integral type biological cleaner (100), integral type biological cleaner (100) including anaerobism pond (11), oxygen deficiency pond (12), good oxygen pond (13) and sedimentation tank (14) that set gradually along the rivers direction, all be provided with in anaerobism pond (11), oxygen deficiency pond (12) and good oxygen pond (13) and supply the biological filler (21) that the microorganism grows and breeds, enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland (300) include filter layer (31), be provided with the filter material in filter layer (31), the filter material comprises one or more of ceramsite, coal ash, steel slag and macadam, plants are planted on the filter layer (31), the sedimentation tank (14) is connected with a water distribution pipe (32) capable of conveying sewage on the upper layer of the sedimentation tank (14) to the upper surface of the filter layer (31), a water collection pipe (33) is arranged on the lower portion of the filter layer (31), water collection holes (331) are formed in the water collection pipe (33), the water collection pipe (33) conveys water in the water collection pipe to the ecological pond (500), and the circulating water device (600) comprises a circulating water pump capable of extracting pond water of the ecological pond (500) to recycle the pond water.
2. The sewage treatment circulation system of the ecological public toilet according to claim 1, wherein the filtering layer (31) comprises a bottom layer (313), an intermediate layer (312) and a surface layer (311) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the filtering material of the surface layer (311) is ceramsite, the filtering material of the intermediate layer (312) is a mixture of coal ash and steel slag, the filtering material of the bottom layer (313) is gravel, plants on the filtering layer (31) are planted on the surface layer (311), and the water collecting pipe (33) is arranged on the bottom layer (313).
3. The sewage treatment circulation system for the ecological public toilet according to claim 1, wherein the water distribution pipes (32) comprise a main water distribution pipe (321) and a plurality of branch water distribution pipes (322) which are positioned on the filter layer (31), the branch water distribution pipes (322) are divided into two rows, the branch water distribution pipes (322) in the same row are parallel to each other, the distance between every two adjacent branch water distribution pipes (322) is equal, the two rows of branch water distribution pipes (322) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main water distribution pipe (321), one end of each branch water distribution pipe (322) is communicated with the main water distribution pipe (321), and the outer side wall of each branch water distribution pipe (322) is provided with a water distribution hole (320).
4. The sewage treatment and recycling system for the ecological public toilets according to claim 1, wherein the filtering layer (31) is provided with a vent pipe (31), one end of the vent pipe (31) is positioned above the filtering layer (31), and the other end of the vent pipe (31) penetrates through the filtering layer (31) downwards and is communicated with the water collecting pipe (33).
5. The sewage treatment circulation system of the ecological public toilet according to claim 1, wherein the upper parts of the anoxic tank (12) and the aerobic tank (13) are open, ecological floating beds (22) floating on the sewage surface are arranged in the anoxic tank (12) and the aerobic tank (13), and plants capable of absorbing nutrient substances in the sewage are planted on the ecological floating beds (22).
6. The sewage treatment and recycling system for the ecological public toilets according to claim 1, wherein a return pump (23) is arranged in the aerobic tank (13), the return pump (23) is connected with a return pipe (24), the return pipe (24) is connected with a first return branch pipe (241) capable of injecting return sewage into the anoxic tank (12), and a valve for controlling the on-off of the first return branch pipe (241) is arranged on the first return branch pipe.
7. The sewage treatment circulation system of the ecological public toilet according to claim 1, wherein a sludge return pipe (25) is connected between the bottom of the sedimentation tank (14) and the anaerobic tank (11), a valve for controlling the on-off of the sludge return pipe (25) is arranged on the sludge return pipe (25), and the sludge return pipe (25) is connected with a sludge return pump (26) which can pump the sludge in the sedimentation tank (14) into the anaerobic tank (11) along the sludge return pipe (25).
8. The sewage treatment and recycling system of the ecological public toilet according to claim 1, wherein an ecological covering layer (501) is arranged on the bottom surface of the ecological pond (500), a porous material is arranged in the ecological covering layer (501) for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, submerged plants are planted in the ecological covering layer (501), an ecological floating island (502) is arranged on the water surface of the ecological pond (500), plants are planted on the ecological floating island (502), and the ecological floating island (502) is connected with a biological rope (503) suspended in the pond water.
9. The ecological public toilet sewage treatment cycle system according to claim 1, wherein a water collecting tank (51) capable of collecting rainwater is arranged around the ecological pond (500), the water collecting tank (51) is higher than the water surface of the ecological pond (500), and a undercurrent filter belt (52) capable of allowing water in the water collecting tank (51) to undercurrent into the ecological pond (500) is arranged between the water collecting tank (51) and the ecological pond (500).
10. A sewage treatment recycling method, which is characterized in that the ecological public toilet sewage treatment circulating system of claim 9 is applied, and comprises the following steps:
A. the sewage is discharged into the septic tank (400), most of solid wastes in the sewage are settled in the septic tank (400), an anaerobic environment is maintained in the septic tank (400), and most of organic matters in the sewage are degraded;
B. the upper layer sewage treated by the septic tank (400) enters an integrated biological processor, sequentially passes through an anaerobic tank (11), an anoxic tank (12), an aerobic tank (13) and a sedimentation tank (14), and is subjected to further degradation of residual organic matters in the sewage by microorganisms in the anaerobic tank (11), the anoxic tank (12) and the aerobic tank (13) to remove most of COD, BOD, nitrogen elements and part of phosphorus elements in the sewage, the sewage treated by the aerobic tank (13) enters the sedimentation tank (14), and suspended matters in the sewage are removed by sedimentation;
C. the upper layer sewage in the sedimentation tank (14) is conveyed to a water distribution pipe (32), the water distribution pipe (32) sprays the sewage on the upper surface of the enhanced dephosphorization artificial wetland (300), so that the sewage naturally seeps downwards, and the sewage is filtered by a filter layer (31) and absorbed by plants and then flows into a water collection pipe (33);
D. draining the water in the water collecting pipe (33) into a water collecting tank (51), wherein the water in the water collecting tank (51) seeps through the undercurrent filter belt (52) and flows into the ecological pond (500), and the purification is continued under the wetland conditioning action of the ecological pond (500);
E. the circulating water pump pumps pool water in the ecological pond (500), and the pool water is filtered and disinfected and then is introduced into the water supply tank, and the water outlet end of the water supply tank is connected with a domestic water pipeline (64).
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