CN110067320B - Protection method for preventing surface of rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered - Google Patents
Protection method for preventing surface of rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered Download PDFInfo
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- CN110067320B CN110067320B CN201910390251.8A CN201910390251A CN110067320B CN 110067320 B CN110067320 B CN 110067320B CN 201910390251 A CN201910390251 A CN 201910390251A CN 110067320 B CN110067320 B CN 110067320B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of building wall protection, and particularly relates to a protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered, which comprises the following steps: cleaning up the floating soil and sundries on the surface of the wall body; spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body; after the surface of the wall body is dried, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body, and after the surface of the wall body is dried again, coating a protective layer on the surface of the wall body; the protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of chamotte water, 10-20 parts of oily substances and 0.1-0.5 part of emulsifying agents; the oily substance is vegetable oil or industrial white oil. The method uses the liquid reagent to treat the wall body of the city wall, so that the rain erosion resistance and the wind erosion resistance of the wall body are improved, and the whole appearance of the city wall is unchanged after the wall body is dried, so that the landscape ornamental requirement can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building wall surface protection, and particularly relates to a protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered.
Background
Ancient China and modern buildings are mostly constructed by adopting rammed earth, bricks, stones and wood, most of the ancient buildings are long-term, and many cultural relics face the risk of serious damage along with the prolonged time of rain wash or weathering. For example, in great wall and many existing walls, only rammed earth is left because the wall bricks are damaged, and the rammed earth has much less ability to bear rain wash and weathering than the wall bricks, so special protection measures need to be taken for the wall. The protection means are different with different protection purposes. In some urban walls with low cultural relics value, scientists generally adopt a brick-wrapped repair mode, but the mode changes the appearance of the urban walls. Some city walls with high cultural relics value are expected to be detected by scientists, and the auxiliary reinforcing device can be built to protect the city walls without seeing the whole appearance of the city walls. Some city walls with great historical significance are provided with the aid of scientists who want to keep the existing overall appearance shape of the city wall so as to be convenient for people to watch, and do not build auxiliary buildings or ornaments on the appearance of the city wall at will.
In the prior art, a method for preventing cultural relics from being damaged by environmental factors by adopting an isolation cabinet is adopted, but the urban wall is large in size and long in length and is not suitable for the isolation cabinet. The auxiliary device is used for effectively reducing the damage of rain wash and weathering to the city wall and seeing the appearance of the original city wall, which is greatly beneficial to archaeological workers to detect the composition of the city wall substances, but the auxiliary device is tangible and can influence the sight of viewers, many existing city walls are only used as landscapes for people to review history and watch, and if the auxiliary device is used for reinforcing, the overall shape of the city wall can be influenced to watch. In order to protect the urban wall from the gradual damage of rain erosion and wind erosion, a method which does not affect the overall shape of the urban wall and can protect the urban wall from the gradual damage of rain erosion and wind erosion needs to be developed again.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for protecting the surface of a rammed earth city wall from rain erosion and weathering.
The invention provides a protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered, which comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body;
step three, after the surface of the wall body is dried, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body, and after the surface of the wall body is dried again, coating a protective layer on the surface of the wall body;
the protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of chamotte water, 10-20 parts of oily substances and 0.1-0.5 part of emulsifying agents; the oily substance is vegetable oil or industrial white oil.
Preferably, in the method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain wash and weathering, the metal ion chelating agent solution is potassium sodium tartrate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or ammonium citrate.
Preferably, in the method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain wash and weathering, the concentration of the metal ion chelating agent solution is 0.1-2 g/L.
Preferably, in the method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain wash and weathering, the emulsifier is sorbitol or glycerol monolaurate.
Preferably, in the method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain wash and weathering, the times of wetting the surface of the wall by the metal ion chelating agent solution in the step two are 1-3, and the step three is to spray glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall which is dried in the last time.
Preferably, in the method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain wash and weathering, the chamotte water is prepared according to the following method: sterilizing clay under high pressure, and sufficiently drying to obtain cooked clay for later use; mixing the chamotte and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-5, stirring for 10-20 min, standing for more than 24h, and taking the upper-layer liquid as chamotte water for later use; collecting and drying the lower precipitate for later use.
Preferably, the method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain erosion and weathering further comprises the following steps: and (3) repairing a slope at a position 0-5 m away from the city wall to ensure that the angle between the ground and the surface of the city wall is 120-150 degrees.
Preferably, the protection method for preventing the surface of the rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered further comprises the following step of arranging an isolation green belt at a distance of 10-15 m from the city wall.
Compared with the prior art, the protection method for preventing the surface of the rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered has the following beneficial effects:
1. in view of the fact that the raw material adopted by the rammed earth city wall is clay which contains a large amount of metal ions such as calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum and the like, the metal ion chelating agent is adopted in the invention to complex the metal ions in the soil to form a chelate with stable property, and the structural stability of the city wall substance is increased from the aspect of molecular structure; as the enzyme action of most microorganisms needs the participation of metal ions such as magnesium, calcium and the like, after the chelating agent is used, the enzyme action can be inhibited, and the damage of the microorganisms in the environment to the surface of the rammed earth city wall is reduced. The glutinous rice water has viscosity, can bond loose soil, is prepared from natural substances, and has no pollution to the environment. The protective layer has hydrophobicity and viscosity, can not only enable wall substances to be tightly combined, but also enable the retention time of rainwater on the surface of the rammed earth city wall to be short, and can reduce the permeable damage of the rainwater on the surface of the city wall.
2. The method of the invention uses the liquid reagent to treat the rammed earth wall body, so as to increase the rain erosion resistance and the wind erosion resistance of the rammed earth wall body, and after the wall body is dried, the whole appearance form of the wall body is unchanged, so that the wall body can be stored for a long time, and the landscape ornamental requirement is met.
3. Simulation test data show that: after treatment under different weather conditions, the thickness loss of the conventional rammed earth wall is 0.01mm and 4.12 mm; after the wall surface is treated by the experimental wall 2-4 method, the wall surface loss is reduced to 0.003 mm and 2.69-2.78 mm, which shows that the method can effectively prevent the damage of rain wash to the surface of the rammed earth city wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. The test methods not specified in the following examples are generally conducted under conventional conditions, and the sources of the test materials not specified are commercially available, and the steps thereof will not be described in detail since they do not relate to the invention.
The invention provides a method for protecting the surface of a rammed earth city wall from rainwater erosion and weathering, which comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body; the dosage of the metal ion chelating agent solution is not too much, so that the color of the surface of the wet wall is different from that of the surface of the dry wall;
step three, after the surface of the wall body is dried, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body, and after the surface of the wall body is dried again, coating a protective layer on the surface of the wall body;
the preparation method of the glutinous rice water comprises the following steps: mixing glutinous rice and water according to a mass ratio of 10: 200-300, boiling for 20-40 min, filtering rice grains, and collecting filtrate which is glutinous rice water. The glutinous rice water is a natural and harmless adhesive, and no synthetic substance or other polymers are added.
The protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of chamotte water, 10-20 parts of oily substances and 0.1-0.5 part of emulsifying agents; the oily substance is vegetable oil or industrial white oil; the two substances are insoluble in water, have good lubricity and no toxicity to human bodies, and the industrial white oil also has light resistance, is used as a protective layer, has hydrophobicity and viscosity, can not only enable wall substances to be tightly combined, but also can enable rainwater to stay on the surface of a rammed earth city wall for a short time, and can reduce the osmotic damage of the rainwater to the surface of the city wall.
It should be noted that the color of the chamotte water is similar to that of the rammed earth, so that the condition that the color of the surface of the wall body is lightened due to the milky glutinous rice water can be repaired. Preferably, the chamotte is prepared from clay with the color similar to that of the rammed soil, and the color repairing effect is better.
The protection method for preventing the surface of the rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered comprises the following embodiments.
Example 1
A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body by using a brush;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body; the metal ion chelating agent solution is 2g/L potassium sodium tartrate solution;
step three, after the surface of the wall body is dried, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body, and after the surface of the wall body is dried again, coating a protective layer on the surface of the wall body;
the preparation method of the glutinous rice water comprises the following steps: mixing glutinous rice and water at a mass ratio of 10:300, boiling for 30min, filtering to remove rice grains, and collecting filtrate as glutinous rice water.
The protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cooked clay water, 10 parts of oily substances and 0.1 part of emulsifying agent; the oily substance is industrial white oil, and the emulsifier is sorbitol. Sorbitol can be used as an emulsifier and can also participate in a chelation reaction. Weighing the components according to the formula of the protective layer, homogenizing the components by using a homogenizer to obtain a protective layer solution, and coating the protective layer solution on the surface of the wall.
The cooked clay water is prepared according to the following method: fully drying the clay after autoclaving until the moisture content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain cooked clay for later use; mixing the chamotte and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, stirring for 10min, standing for 24h, and taking the upper layer liquid as chamotte water for later use; the lower layer precipitate can be used for filling and leveling brick joints after being collected and dried.
Example 2
A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body by using a brush;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body; the metal ion chelating agent solution is 0.1g/L of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution;
step three, wetting the surface of the wall body by using the metal ion chelating agent solution for 2 times, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body dried in the last time, and painting a protective layer on the surface of the wall body after the surface of the wall body is dried in the air again;
the preparation method of the glutinous rice water comprises the following steps: mixing glutinous rice and water at a mass ratio of 10:250, boiling for 20min, filtering rice grains, and collecting filtrate as glutinous rice water.
The protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cooked clay water, 20 parts of oily substances and 0.5 part of emulsifying agent; the oily substance is industrial white oil, and the emulsifier is lauric acid monoglyceride. The lauric acid monoglyceride has both emulsifying and bactericidal effects. Weighing the components according to the formula of the protective layer, homogenizing the components by using a homogenizer to obtain a protective layer solution, and coating the protective layer solution on the surface of the wall.
The cooked clay water is prepared according to the following method: fully drying the clay after autoclaving until the moisture content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain cooked clay for later use; mixing the chamotte and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:3, stirring for 20min, standing for 36h, and taking the upper layer liquid as chamotte water for later use; the lower layer precipitate can be used for filling and leveling brick joints after being collected and dried.
Example 3
A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body by using a brush;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body; the metal ion chelating agent solution is 1g/L ammonium citrate solution;
step three, wetting the surface of the wall body by using the metal ion chelating agent solution for 3 times, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body dried in the last time, and painting a protective layer on the surface of the wall body after the surface of the wall body is dried in the air again;
the preparation method of the glutinous rice water comprises the following steps: mixing glutinous rice and water according to a mass ratio of 10:200, boiling for 40min, filtering rice grains, and collecting filtrate as glutinous rice water;
the protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cooked clay water, 15 parts of oily substances and 0.2 part of emulsifying agent; the oily substance is vegetable oil, and the vegetable oil is soybean oil, corn oil or cottonseed oil; the emulsifier is sorbitol. Weighing the components according to the formula of the protective layer, homogenizing the components by using a homogenizer to obtain a protective layer solution, and coating the protective layer solution on the surface of the wall.
The cooked clay water is prepared according to the following method: fully drying the clay after autoclaving until the moisture content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain cooked clay for later use; mixing the chamotte and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, stirring for 15min, standing for 24h, and taking the upper layer liquid as chamotte water for later use; the lower layer precipitate can be used for filling and leveling brick joints after being collected and dried.
Example 4
A method for protecting the surface of a rammed earth city wall from rain wash and weathering is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and further comprises the following steps: and (3) repairing a slope at a position 0-5 m away from the city wall to enable the angle between the ground and the surface of the city wall to be 120-150 degrees, wherein the slope is paved by adopting bricks, stainless steel or cement, and has the function of accelerating the flow guide of the city wall surface falling into water, guiding the flow guide into the isolation zone and providing water for plants in the isolation zone.
Example 5
A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed away by rainwater and weathered is basically the same as the method of the embodiment 1, and further comprises the following step of arranging an isolation belt, such as a tree or a grass, at a position 10-15 m away from the city wall, wherein the isolation belt can block part of wind erosion.
Control group 1
A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body by using a brush;
spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body, and painting a protective layer on the surface of the wall body after the surface of the wall body is dried again;
the preparation method of the glutinous rice water, the protective layer and the cooked clay water is the same as that of the example 1.
Control group 2
A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered comprises the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body by using a brush;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body; the metal ion chelating agent solution is 2g/L potassium sodium tartrate solution.
To verify the effect of the invention, we performed a simulation experiment:
1. preparation of experimental wall: preparing an experimental wall with the length of 1m, the height of 1m and the width of 30cm according to a conventional rammed earth wall building method, wherein the number is 1; the method of examples 1-3 and the method of control group 1-2 are respectively adopted to treat the wall surface of the experimental wall 1, and the experimental walls 2-6 are obtained correspondingly.
2. Material test items:
the experimental wall is processed by simulating different strength weather conditions, the weather conditions are processed for 1h, then the wall surface is completely dried, the wall thickness loss after the weather conditions are processed is measured, and the experimental results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 wall thickness loss (mm) for different experimental walls and different treatment conditions
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the thickness loss of the conventional rammed earth wall was 0.01mm and 4.12mm after the treatment under different weather conditions; after the wall surface is treated by the experimental wall 1-4 method, the wall surface loss is reduced to 0.003 mm and 2.69-2.78 mm, which shows that the method can effectively prevent the damage of rain wash to the surface of the rammed earth city wall.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A protection method for preventing the surface of a rammed earth city wall from being washed by rainwater and weathered is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the surface of a wall body;
spraying a metal ion chelating agent solution on the surface of the wall body, and wetting the surface of the wall body;
step three, after the surface of the wall body is dried, spraying glutinous rice water on the surface of the wall body, and after the surface of the wall body is dried again, coating a protective layer on the surface of the wall body;
the protective layer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of chamotte water, 10-20 parts of oily substances and 0.1-0.5 part of emulsifying agents; the oily substance is vegetable oil or industrial white oil;
the cooked clay water is prepared according to the following method: sterilizing clay under high pressure, and sufficiently drying to obtain cooked clay for later use; mixing the chamotte and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-5, stirring for 10-20 min, standing for more than 24h, and taking the upper-layer liquid as chamotte water for later use; collecting and drying the lower precipitate for later use.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal ion chelating agent is potassium sodium tartrate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or ammonium citrate.
3. The method for protecting a rammed earth city wall surface against rain wash and weathering of claim 2, wherein the concentration of the metal ion chelating agent solution is 0.1-2 g/L.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the emulsifier is sorbitol or monoglycerol ester of lauric acid.
5. The method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from being washed away by rainwater and weathered according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of wetting the surface of the wall by the solution of the metal ion chelating agent in the step three is 1 to 3, and glutinous rice water is sprayed on the surface of the wall which is dried in the last time in the air.
6. The method of claim 1 for protecting a rammed earth city wall surface against rain wash and weathering, further comprising the steps of: and (3) repairing a slope at a position 0-5 m away from the city wall to ensure that the angle between the ground and the surface of the city wall is 120-150 degrees.
7. The method for protecting the surface of the rammed earth city wall from rain erosion and weathering according to claim 6, further comprising the step of arranging an isolation green belt at a distance of 10-15 m from the city wall.
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| KR20100019369A (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | 이현일 | Vertical garden |
| CN108442726A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-24 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of ancient times rammed earth city wall structural defence device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20100019369A (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | 이현일 | Vertical garden |
| CN108442726A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-24 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of ancient times rammed earth city wall structural defence device |
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