CN110065359A - 具有不同制冷功率的多个蒸发器的机动车辆制冷设施 - Google Patents
具有不同制冷功率的多个蒸发器的机动车辆制冷设施 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
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- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
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- B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有不同的制冷功率的多个蒸发器(8,9,10)的机动车辆制冷设施,所述机动车辆制冷设施具有制冷剂回路,所述制冷剂回路具有至少一个制冷剂压缩机(2)、至少一个冷凝器(3)、至少一个膨胀机构(4)以及至少两个不同的制冷功率的、彼此并联地设置的蒸发器(8,9,10),其特征在于,在膨胀机构下游并且在制冷功率较小的蒸发器(10)上游设置有用于分离液态的制冷剂的制冷剂收集器(5),并且在制冷剂收集器和所述蒸发器(10)之间设置有用于将液态的制冷剂运送至制冷功率较小的蒸发器(10)的制冷剂泵(6),其中制冷剂蒸汽能够从所述蒸发器(10)中经由作为分离器的制冷剂收集器引导并且能够由制冷剂压缩机抽吸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆制冷设施,所述机动车辆制冷设施运行制冷剂回路中的不同制冷功率的蒸发器。
背景技术
对机动车辆制冷设施的要求是非常多样性的,并且在应用时这些设施必须相应灵活地设计。特别地,用于电动车或者混合动力车辆的机动车辆制冷设施除了对乘客室的空气调节的这种经典使用领域之外还能够最佳地冷却电部件和电子部件,以便保证其最佳且不受干扰的运行。
由此,需要用于机动车辆的、具有相对于常见的制冷剂回路尤其高且灵活可控的制冷功率的制冷剂回路,由此制冷剂回路可用于具有电动驱动器或者混合动力驱动器的机动车辆。在此类的制冷剂回路中,一个特殊性在于,尤其在电动车或混合动力车辆中,为了达到在行驶运行中和在电池的充电运行中的最佳条件,需要冷却电池或蓄电器和电子部件,以及附加地冷却车辆内部空间以进行空气调节。对给电池快速充电的需求尤其引起对机动车辆的制冷设施的特殊要求,因为电池的最佳充电与电池在充电过程期间的冷却相关。所述应用领域的特殊性还在于,对于不同的目的而言各个制冷功率是非常不同的。相应地,蒸发器设计和构建为不同的。
用于具有电动驱动器或混合动力驱动器的机动车辆的制冷剂回路在现有技术中以各式各样的设计方案已知。在现有技术中,例如从US2009/0317697A1中已知一种用于机动车辆的、具有旁路的制冷设施,所述制冷设施适合于借助于电池冷却器提供电池冷却。
此外从DE 103 13 850A1中得知一种用于组合的制冷设施和热泵运行的、尤其用于机动车辆的制冷剂回路,所述制冷剂回路具有两级的压缩。在该制冷剂回路中设有两个串联的压缩机,所述压缩机实现两级的压缩,其中所述回路还被优化,以便也能够实现总设施的热泵运行。
发明内容
现在,本发明的目的在于,提供一种用于尤其具有电动驱动器或者混合动力驱动器的机动车辆的制冷剂回路,所述制冷剂回路除了制冷以对乘客舱进行空气调节的目的之外还适合于在行驶运行中以及在电池的充电运行中最佳地为电池以及电子部件提供制冷。
所述目的尤其通过具有不同制冷功率的多个蒸发器的机动车辆制冷设施来实现,所述机动车辆制冷设施包含至少具有如下标准部件的制冷剂回路:制冷剂压缩机;至少一个用于液化制冷剂的冷凝器;至少一个用于减少制冷剂压力的膨胀阀;以及至少两个不同制冷功率的并联地设置的蒸发器。蒸发器在此根据功能具有匹配于相应的目的的制冷功率,其中本发明尤其致力于:最佳地给具有较少的制冷功率的一个或多个蒸发器供给液态的制冷剂。为此,在膨胀机构下游并且在制冷功率较小的蒸发器上游设置有用于分离液态的制冷剂的制冷剂收集器。此外,在制冷剂收集器和具有较小制冷功率的蒸发器之间设置有用于将液态的制冷剂运送至制冷功率较小的蒸发器的制冷剂泵。在蒸发器下游,制冷剂蒸汽借助于制冷剂回路的连接管路从蒸发器中经由制冷剂收集器最后到达制冷剂压缩机,其中所述制冷剂收集器构成为用于可能仍为液态的制冷剂的分离器,由所述制冷剂压缩机抽吸制冷器蒸汽。
尤其要强调的是,借助于接通制冷剂收集器和接下来通过制冷剂泵主动地将液态的制冷剂向具有较小制冷功率的蒸发器运送,对具有小的制冷功率的蒸发器进行稳定的供给是可行的,从而在应用时,例如用于冷却各个电池单元,通过不均匀地给蒸发器供给制冷剂抵抗局部过热或者有效地排除该局部过热。通过主动地运送液态的制冷剂,制冷功率较小的各个蒸发器可能能够被供给过量的液态的制冷剂,使得在整个蒸发器面上总是实现不具有局部过热的保持不变的蒸发器温度。在蒸发器出口处可能仍存在液态的制冷剂,然而通过将制冷剂经由作为分离器的制冷剂收集器的引导从制冷剂流中分离所述液态的制冷剂并且仅蒸汽态的制冷剂接下来由制冷剂压缩机抽吸。
尤其优选地,具有较小的制冷功率的、作为电池单元冷却器的多个蒸发器在制冷剂回路中并联地设置。制冷剂泵均匀地给并联的电池单元冷却器供给液态的制冷剂。优选地,使用制冷功率较小的四至二十个或者三十个单个的蒸发器的蒸发器模块。在此,需要10至20或者30kW的累积制冷功率。
在此,具有较小制冷功率的蒸发器,例如电池单元冷却器,优选在统一的压力水平上被供给液态的制冷剂。为此,膨胀机构相应地设置在制冷剂收集器上游并且接下来对于所有由制冷剂泵供给的蒸发器而言在制冷剂收集器中分离的液态的制冷剂处于一个压力水平上。
有利地,具有较小制冷功率的蒸发器通过中央的隔离装置与制冷剂回路可隔开地构成。由此保证:例如在特定的运行状态中,完全禁止给特定的区域供给制冷剂,以便例如以足够的量提供用于其它目的的制冷剂液体或者在损坏情况下将回路的特定的区域隔开。
本发明的一个设计方案在于,将作为空气冷却器的多个蒸发器在制冷剂回路中并联地设置在具有较小制冷功率的蒸发器上游。整体上,可借助于所述机动车辆制冷设施实现如下冷却和空气调节方案,所述冷却和空气调节方案供给大量需制冷的设备。由此例如常见的是,用于对乘客舱进行空气调节的蒸发器作为空气冷却器定位在乘客室的不同区域中并且相应独立地经由蒸发器的并联被供给制冷剂。
尤其优选地,作为空气冷却器的这些蒸发器配设有独立的膨胀机构,由此能够进行制冷源与乘客室的各个区域中的相应的需求情况的最佳匹配。
替选地或者累加地,有利的能够是,作为空气冷却器的蒸发器配设有独立的隔离装置,以便在特定情况下隔离制冷剂回路的相应区域从而断开制冷剂的供给。
尤其优选的是如下机动车辆制冷设施的设计方案,所述机动车辆制冷设施除了作为空气冷却器的蒸发器以外在制冷剂回路中并联地还具有作为电池冷却器的蒸发器。由此,电池冷却器用于在功率输送的正常条件下冷却电池。由此,如此设计的回路能够在借助于电池冷却器的电池冷却的正常模式中运行并且此外能够在直至20kW的最大冷却功率的模式中运行。
替选地,电池冷却器配设有独立的膨胀机构,使得电池的冷却也可不耗费地通过相应的操控来调节。
还替选地或者累加地,电池冷却器构成为可借助于独立的隔离装置与制冷回路隔离。
在一个尤其有利的设计方案中,制冷剂压缩机多级地构成或者设有多个压缩机。
本发明的设计理念在于,制冷剂收集器设置在所有数量级的制冷功率的大量蒸发器上游,并且机动车辆制冷设施配设有一个或多个用于灵活地匹配各个蒸发器的膨胀机构。
制冷剂泵将制冷剂运输至不同的蒸发器,所述蒸发器通过将制冷剂泵连接在其之间保持不变地并且有效地被供给液态的制冷剂。通过在蒸发器中的高的制冷剂流,制冷剂不完全地蒸发。由此有利地实现:不产生具有局部过热或较高温度的、待通过蒸发器冷却的区域并且这在蒸发器中实现保持不变的温度。这在用作为电池单元的冷却机构的情况下是尤其有利的,所述电池单元承受不同的温度并且其效率受损。离开蒸发器的制冷剂蒸汽和制冷剂液体混合物流向制冷剂收集器,在该处所述制冷剂蒸汽和制冷剂液体混合物被分离,并且制冷剂液体由制冷剂泵抽吸并且重新导向蒸发器。制冷剂气体从用作为分离器的制冷剂收集器输送给制冷剂压缩机或由该制冷剂压缩机抽吸。
借助于通过制冷剂泵的辅助,也在液态的制冷剂中进行更好的油运输。饱和的制冷剂气体由制冷剂压缩机抽吸。以这种方式能够避免因制冷剂液体的不均匀的分配引起的问题。
此外有利的是,通过借助于制冷剂泵补偿流动损失所带来的更小的压力降。尤其有利的是,不同的制冷剂回路可与该系统适配。两个并联设置的压缩机例如能够设计有用于高的和正常的冷却功率的独立的抽吸部。同样地,将借助于昂贵的、具有反向器的制冷剂压缩机以及借助于不具有反向器的低廉的压缩机的压缩分开,对于在制冷剂回路的高负荷阶段期间的恒定的高功率而言,是可行的。
由此,本发明的优点总的来说在于高的冷却功率、在具有较低冷却功率的蒸发器上的小的压力损失和对不同的蒸发器的更好的制冷剂分配。
附图说明
本发明的设计方案的其它细节、特征和优点从接下来参照相关的附图对实施例的描述中得出。附图示出:
图1示出在具有膨胀阀的设计方案中的机动车辆制冷设施,
图2示出具有多个蒸发器和独立的减压装置的机动车辆制冷设施,以及
图3示出具有大量电池单元冷却器的机动车辆制冷设施。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出机动车辆制冷设施的原理图,所述机动车辆制冷设施借助于仅一个膨胀机构4从而对于所有连接的蒸发器8、10而言以一个蒸发温度水平来工作。在此,所述线路首先具有制冷剂压缩机2,所述制冷剂压缩机将气态的制冷剂压缩至高压,并且制冷剂气体在高压下运送到冷凝器3中。在冷凝器3中,热的制冷剂气体在高压下液化,放热通过作为箭头表示的空气流来表明。液化的制冷剂接下来在膨胀机构4中减压至蒸发压力并且可能产生的、由制冷剂蒸汽和制冷剂液体构成的混合物在制冷剂收集器5中被分离。液态的制冷剂从制冷剂收集器5向下进入图中的制冷剂泵6中并且由制冷剂泵主动地运送到回路中。接下来,两个作为空气冷却器的蒸发器8和作为电池单元冷却器的大量蒸发器10并联地设置。空气冷却器8以及大量电池单元冷却器10可分别通过隔离装置7与制冷剂回路分开,由此实现所述设施的良好的控制或者调控。如示意性地在图1中所表明的那样,通过大量功率较小的蒸发器10来实现电池单元冷却,以便能够更有针对性地以高的效率和保持不变的温度进行各个电池单元的冷却。在并行地穿流蒸发器8、10之后,制冷剂气体再次进入作用为分离器的制冷剂收集器5中,在该处可能未蒸发的制冷剂作为液体被分离,并且经由制冷剂泵6在短的路径上再次输送给蒸发器8、10,而制冷剂气体由制冷剂压缩机2抽吸和压缩,从而回路闭合。
尤其有利的是蒸发器中的较低的压力损失,因为仅制冷剂液体施加在蒸发器的入口处。由此,相对于制冷剂蒸汽和制冷剂液体的两相混合物,能够保证进入的制冷剂的更均匀的分布。此外,简化了结构上的实现,因为例如不必使用隔板或类似物来确保均匀的分布。
在图2中示出根据图1的回路的改型,其中机动车辆制冷设施1附加地具有蒸发器9作为用于电池的正常的冷却情况的电池冷却器。此外,在回路中使用高达30个的小的电池单元冷却器作为蒸发器10。空气冷却器8和电池冷却器9以分别与独立的膨胀机构4并联的方式集成到制冷剂回路中。回路的另一并联支路由具有通过下游的膨胀机构4引起的独立的减压装置的隔离装置7、制冷剂收集器5以及制冷剂泵6与电池单元冷却器10形成。出自蒸发器10的制冷剂气体如在上文中所描述的那样经由作为分离器的制冷剂收集器5引导至制冷剂压缩机2的抽吸侧。该设计方案的一个有利的方案在于,大量较小的蒸发器关于其它蒸发器离散地设置。
在图3中示出机动车辆制冷设施1的一个设计方案,所述机动车辆制冷设施与根据图2的设计方案不同地不具有作为用于正常的电池冷却运行的蒸发器的电池冷却器9。通过隔离装置7来隔离并行地被穿流的电池单元冷却器10再次可行。
图1、2和3的机动车辆制冷设施1所特有的是,冷凝器3能够构成为空气冷凝器、水冷凝器或者组合的空气冷凝器和水冷凝器。此外,冷凝器3可设计为具有独立的收集器或者过冷面。
关于根据图1的设计方案尤其有利的是,对于所有蒸发器8、10而言仅需要一个膨胀机构。蒸发器8、10也设置在制冷剂收集器5附近,使得短的路径和少的损失是可行的。有利的是,同样仍需提及,回路之内在低压侧上的制冷剂贮存是尤其安全可行的。此外有利地需提及的是,回路能够通过内部的换热器或者例如工作的减压装置来补足。所使用的隔离机构是简单的进入/离开阀,这实现了所述设施的尤其低成本的运行或构造。
在使用两个制冷剂压缩机时,具有反向器的压缩机能够与不具有反向器的第二压缩机组合,由此可以节省成本。高压收集器是不需要的然而是可行的,同样可实现在冷凝器中的过冷。整体上,根据图1的机动车辆制冷设施1能够简单且有效地实现制冷剂到电池单元冷却器10上的分布。
在图2中,关于冷凝器3的设计方案以及简单的单级的制冷剂压缩机2直至多级的制冷剂压缩机的使用,适用关于图1所说明的内容。也称为空气冷却器8的制冷剂-空气-换热器,以及标准电池冷却器9,借助于恒温的膨胀阀4来运行。电池冷却的最大功率通过电池冷却器区段的低压制冷剂收集器5和制冷剂泵6来实现。制冷剂液体到电池单元冷却器10上的分布在没有附加的膨胀阀的情况下能够以低的成本实现。在该系统中也能够将内部的换热器或者工作的减压装置结合到回路中,并且产生两个电池冷却系统。一个用于经由电池冷却器9的标准冷却,而另一个用于通过电池单元冷却器10引起的高冷却负荷。如所指出的那样,需要并且运行高达30个电池单元冷却器。
最后关于图3补充地提及,所示出的机动车辆制冷设施1在没有根据图2的线路的电池冷却器9的情况下也是实现的。制冷剂泵6在此在高的压力水平上工作,并且由于借助于独立的电池单元冷却器10的冷却而不产生电池冷却器区段的过热。
在图1至3的所有实施例中,膨胀机构能够任意地构成,例如构成为孔口、恒温的膨胀阀、电的膨胀阀、毛细管、膨胀器或者喷射器。
用于机动车辆空调设施的优选的制冷剂是R1234yf、R152a、R290、R744、R717或R1270。
附图标记列表
1 机动车辆制冷设施
2 制冷剂压缩机
3 冷凝器
4 膨胀机构、恒温的膨胀阀
5 制冷剂收集器、低压制冷剂收集器
6 制冷剂泵
7 隔离装置
8 空气冷却器、蒸发器
9 电池冷却器、蒸发器
10 电池单元冷却器、蒸发器
Claims (11)
1.一种具有不同的制冷功率的多个蒸发器(8,9,10)的机动车辆制冷设施(1),所述机动车辆制冷设施(1)具有制冷剂回路,所述制冷剂回路具有至少一个制冷剂压缩机(2)、至少一个冷凝器(3)、至少一个膨胀机构(4)以及至少两个不同的制冷功率的、彼此并联地设置的蒸发器(8,9,10),其特征在于,在所述膨胀机构(4)下游并且在制冷功率较小的所述蒸发器(10)上游设置有用于分离液态的制冷剂的制冷剂收集器(5),并且在所述制冷剂收集器(5)和所述蒸发器(10)之间设置有用于将所述液态的制冷剂运送至制冷功率较小的所述蒸发器(10)的制冷剂泵(6),其中制冷剂蒸汽能够从所述蒸发器(10)中经由作为分离器的所述制冷剂收集器(5)引导并且能够由所述制冷剂压缩机(2)抽吸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,制冷功率较小的、作为电池单元冷却器的多个蒸发器(10)以并联的方式设置在所述制冷剂回路中并且通过所述制冷剂泵(6)被供给液态的制冷剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,制冷功率较小的所述蒸发器(10)在一个压力水平上被供给液态的制冷剂。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,制冷功率较小的所述蒸发器(10)通过中央的隔离装置(7)以能够与所述制冷剂回路隔开的方式构成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,作为空气冷却器的多个蒸发器(8)在所述制冷剂回路中以并联的方式设置在制冷功率较小的所述蒸发器(10)上游。
6.根据权利要求5所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,所述蒸发器(8)配设有独立的膨胀机构(4)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,所述蒸发器(8)配设有独立的隔离装置(7)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,附加地,作为电池冷却器的蒸发器(9)以并联的方式设置在所述制冷剂回路中。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,所述蒸发器(9)配设有独立的膨胀机构(4)。
10.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,所述蒸发器(9)配设有独立的隔离装置(7)。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的机动车辆制冷设施(1),其特征在于,所述制冷剂压缩机(2)多级地构成。
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KR20190090360A (ko) | 2019-08-01 |
KR102147427B1 (ko) | 2020-08-24 |
DE102018101514B4 (de) | 2021-07-29 |
US11215382B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
US20190226723A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
DE102018101514A1 (de) | 2019-07-25 |
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