CN110065268A - 聚乙烯醇物品 - Google Patents

聚乙烯醇物品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110065268A
CN110065268A CN201811515210.9A CN201811515210A CN110065268A CN 110065268 A CN110065268 A CN 110065268A CN 201811515210 A CN201811515210 A CN 201811515210A CN 110065268 A CN110065268 A CN 110065268A
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Prior art keywords
fabric
polyvinyl alcohol
film
layer
fiber
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CN201811515210.9A
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W.N.史密斯
C.罗伯森
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Lakeland Industries Inc
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Lakeland Industries Inc
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Priority claimed from US13/135,917 external-priority patent/US8293664B1/en
Application filed by Lakeland Industries Inc filed Critical Lakeland Industries Inc
Publication of CN110065268A publication Critical patent/CN110065268A/zh
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4309—Polyvinyl alcohol
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    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
    • D06M11/05—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof with water, e.g. steam; with heavy water
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/84—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
    • B32B2262/023—Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
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    • B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2033—Coating or impregnation formed in situ [e.g., by interfacial condensation, coagulation, precipitation, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及聚乙烯醇非织造薄膜和织物以及它们的制备方法。所述薄膜和织物经过改性以具有通过过渡层附着于纤维聚乙烯醇层的透气性聚结较低孔隙率表面聚乙烯醇层。

Description

聚乙烯醇物品
本申请是申请日2012年7月18日，申请号201210270011.2，发明名称“新型聚乙烯醇物品”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改性聚乙烯醇薄膜织物的物品和衣服，所述织物具有由DuPontde Nemours and Company以商标TYVEK®销售的材料(其为非织造纺粘聚烯烃)的效用。更具体地讲，本发明提供了改性聚乙烯醇纤维膜及其生产方法，所述纤维膜具有较低孔隙率膜样的聚结或熔合纤维的表面层和附于其上的芯纤维层的组合。
背景技术
现有技术已经认识到聚乙烯醇组合物在制造水溶性有用物品中的用途。例如，专利第3413229号，其通过引用结合到本文中，教导了水溶性袋或小袋(由此生产包裹等)的生产，它们含有材料比如洗涤剂、漂白剂、杀虫剂、药物、化学品、染料、颜料、工业添加剂以及其它材料。据教导，包裹的内容物仅通过将包裹投入水中，于是所述袋溶解并将它们的内容物释放到水性分散体中而分散。然而，所参考的专利教导了在热和冷水两者可溶的此类薄膜的生产。
美国专利第3859125号，其通过引用结合到本文中，教导了包括聚乙烯醇涂层的层状物品的生产。主题参考文献教导了在纸膜上涂布聚乙烯醇，借以教导了经涂布的纸可溶于高或低温水中。类似地，美国专利第4343133号教导了在制造预先润湿的湿餐巾纸中，将聚乙烯醇涂布于用聚乙酸乙烯酯胶乳浸渍的非织造纤维片上，所述湿餐巾纸可通过在普通水中冲走而丢弃，而没有堵塞管道系统的危险。
英国专利第1187690号和日本专利第72041741号两者，其通过引用结合到本文中，教导了水溶性独立聚乙烯醇薄膜的生产。该英国专利教导了用于比如洗涤剂和农业化学品的产品的医务袋和包装材料的生产，而该日本专利教导了聚乙烯醇薄膜制造洗衣袋的用途，所述洗衣袋溶解释放其中包含的脏衣服。然而，这两个参考文献均未教导可配置成有用的衣服和类似材料的本发明独特薄膜。
Goldstein的美国专利第4272851号公开了由DuPont de Nemours & Co.制造的非织造纺粘聚烯烃的防护衣服，其在一侧用聚乙烯薄膜涂布。所述薄膜提供抗撕裂性并且所述薄膜防止化学渗透。问题之一为制造成本和在薄膜制造期间的烧焦问题。
现有专利中没有一项涉及改性聚乙烯醇透气性非织造织物以形成与纤维聚乙烯醇层组合的具有无限可控的孔隙率和易于传热的顶面。
发明内容
根据一个实施方案，本发明提供聚乙烯醇(PVOH)的改性的非织造织物或层叠物，以单独使用或在层叠物中使用，以提供可形成有用的透气膜、非织造织物和物品的薄膜或织物。
更具体地讲，本发明提供了聚乙烯醇薄膜，其中至少一个表面经过选择性改性，以提供熔合的实质上较低多孔层，其易于传热并通过过渡层附着于柔性软纤维聚乙烯醇层。
所述可变或低孔隙率层通过过渡层附着于纤维聚乙烯醇层。所述过渡层为在加工期间形成的聚结薄膜或熔合层与由在形成期间保持的原始非织造织物组成的纤维层的组合。
有利地，聚乙烯醇薄膜的至少一个表面具有较低孔隙率和透气性。
可变的多孔表面层可在制造期间提供有防水层或抗微生物涂层。
“可变”意指通过在制造织物时控制聚乙烯醇的水分条件产生的孔隙量。
优选地，在表面层形成的孔隙量来自非织造织物的表面处理，通过蒸汽撞击表面或通过薄膜或织物持有的水与瞬间压力和直接施热相结合而发生。
表面层可依初始纤维或织物持有的水量或制造时的湿度而变化孔隙率，以至少稍微多孔和透气。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案，改性的聚乙烯醇制成薄膜、衣服、包装、织物，包括枕套、床单等，这些是发现TYVEK®有用之处。
根据另一个实施方案，本发明提供用于将聚乙烯醇(PVOH)的薄膜、织物或层叠物改性以单独使用或在层叠物中使用的方法，以提供可形成有用的薄膜、非织造织物和物品的薄膜或织物。
更具体地讲，方法包含使蒸汽撞击聚乙烯醇薄膜的表面，以使聚乙烯醇表面的温度升高至大约其玻璃化转变温度，以软化表面并引起其变为聚结或熔化。
因此本发明的一般目的是通过使其温度升高至其玻璃化转变温度，以受控深度为织造或非织造聚乙烯醇薄膜或织物的至少一个表面提供低孔隙率表面。
因此本发明的一般目的是为聚乙烯醇薄膜的至少一个表面提供具有与纤维聚乙烯醇层结合的透气性选择性多孔表面。
本发明的另一个目的是制备并提供具有聚乙烯醇薄膜的层叠物，所述聚乙烯醇薄膜具有聚结的表面层，该表面层具有通过在形成层叠物之前预先调节聚乙烯醇持有的水量来调节的孔隙率。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有薄膜的包装、衣服和其它有用物品，所述薄膜具有TYVEK®的类似特征。
本发明的再一个目的是提供在使用之后容易丢弃的防护衣服和医疗衣服。
这些和其它目的及优势对于优选实施方案的描述和以下附图将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1A为本发明薄膜或织物末端的横断面视图的显微照片。
图1B为图1A的薄膜或织物侧面的横断面视图的显微照片。
图2为图1的织物的图解视图。
图3为具有两个改性表面的本发明织物的横断面视图。
图4为具有底部热塑层的图2的织物的横断面视图。
图5为在表面层上具有防水涂层的图4的织物的横断面视图。
图6为可用于形成本发明的改性聚乙烯醇的设备简图。
图7为图6的设备的修改。
优选实施方案描述
根据本发明的一个实施方案提供了包含透气性聚乙烯醇薄膜的薄膜、织物、衣服或物品，其中至少一个表面层经过改性以具有紧密受控的孔隙率。
图1A和1B为本发明的改性聚乙烯醇薄膜(10)的显微照片。
图2为图1A的薄膜(10)的简图。薄膜(10)包含表面层(11)，其中聚乙烯醇纤维经过改性，以调节，控制和降低其孔隙率。低多孔表面(11)通过过渡层(12)附着于纤维部分(13)，过渡层(12)为聚结聚乙烯醇薄膜和纤维聚乙烯醇的混合物，其在表面层(11)的改性期间形成。
如图3所示，本发明提供了薄膜(20)，其中上表面包含聚结较低孔隙率聚乙烯醇层(11)，底层(111)也包含相同孔隙率或不同孔隙率(121)的聚结低孔隙率聚乙烯醇层，其通过过渡层(121)粘附于纤维聚乙烯醇层(13)。
如图4所示，薄膜或织物(30)包含聚结聚乙烯醇的顶面(11)，其通过过渡层(12)结合于聚乙烯醇的纤维层(13)。在底部，热塑层(14)通过压制或使用粘合剂或其它方法粘附于纤维聚乙烯醇层。
如图5所示，类似于图4中的非织造薄膜或织物(30)的薄膜或织物(40)提供有局部应用的防水涂层(15)。该薄膜或织物(40)具有与TYVEK®类似的性能以及一些另外的优势。
具体实施方式
本发明的非织造薄膜或织物具有比内部纤维层(13)更易于传热的表面层。这样它们可结合到接近膜状外部，同时使内部纤维未结合。这样做时，有效地将水刺PVOH织物的单块纤维结构改变成为具有三个不同层的织物。两个外层被高度压实并结合以改善织物强度和耐磨性，同时织物的内芯被高度压实但不结合在一起而得到软的柔性织物。
本发明的薄膜或织物可仅为含有或不含乙酰基并且交联或未交联的聚乙烯醇。
所述薄膜或织物可包含用聚乙烯醇和另一种热塑性塑料，优选聚烯烃即聚乙烯，形成的层叠物，以提供额外撕裂强度。
可用于实施本方法的前体聚合物或片材包含含有或不含乙酰基、交联或未交联的聚乙烯醇。本发明的衣服包含聚乙烯醇均聚物，所述聚乙烯醇均聚物已通过后拉(postdrawing)或热退火而高度定向。用于本发明理想的是高度结晶、至少约98%皂化或水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯。商业上，本文可使用由Air Products以商标Vinex 1003.TM.和1002.TM.销售的聚乙烯醇。有用的PVOH纤维通常为0.5旦尼尔(denier)-5.0旦尼尔并且优选为1.0-2.0旦尼尔和最优选尺寸为1.2-1.5旦尼尔。
可用于实施本发明的前体织物可通过用于制造织造、非织造、针织或以其它方式形成的织物的任何熟知的技术构成。可用于实施本发明的这些非织造技术包括纺粘、熔喷或湿法成网、用冷水水力缠绕和/或30-70%表面熔化以形成实质上非多孔表面的热结合。当由合适的热塑材料的片材配置产品时，所述片材厚度为约3-20密耳并且更优选厚度为8-12密耳和最优选厚度为约8密耳。合适的非织造织物或片材重量为约15 g/yd2-200 g/yd2并且更优选为20 g/yd2-70 g/yd2和最优选为25 g/yd2-80 g/yd2。
正如先前所提到的那样，可用于实施本发明的聚合物或片材包含含有或不含乙酰基、交联或未交联的聚乙烯醇。建议聚乙烯醇实质上完全水解，即具有98%或者更大的水解的乙酰基。
为了足够的机械强度，在一些情况中聚乙烯醇基非织造织物或片材应具有至少700并且不大于约1500的聚合度。理想地，这样的材料应具有约900的聚合度并且实质上结晶。
为了提高合适的聚乙烯醇树脂基材料的制造，合适数量的增塑剂可以是必要的。设想最多15% (wt.)的合适增塑剂比如甘油或聚乙二醇可用于自聚乙烯醇基粒料辅助提供光滑的熔体挤出。
发现所制造的用作一次性医用衣服的织物呈现类似于自聚酯和聚丙烯制造的织物几乎相同的物理性质。然而，所制造的织物不受冷或温水(23℃-37℃)影响，但是当暴露于热水(80℃-90℃)时，立即溶解。
向改性聚乙烯醇薄膜或织物的表面加入防水剂为相当有用的辅助手段，以使低于发生溶解的温度下液体水分的表面侵蚀最小。已经发现，即使对于仅在升高的温度下变为水溶性的聚乙烯醇薄膜和织物，当暴露于水时，此类材料的表面趋向于呈现光滑的“感觉”并且使用防水剂趋向于将这种效果减至最小。合适的防水剂包括由3M Co.提供的以其商标FC 824和808销售的碳氟化合物。油酸和脂肪酸也是有用的防水剂。这些材料在基于聚乙烯醇聚合物的重量0.1-2.0% (wt.)之间的范围内是有用的。
可向表面加入抗微生物剂，特别是用于医学应用比如长袍、帘等。抗微生物剂包括由Germ Patrol, LLC销售的GERM PATROL®、硅烷、银或铜抗微生物剂等。
表面也可通过采用由前体薄膜或织物持有的保水性进行改性。就这一点而言，可通过以下来预处理薄膜或织物：使薄膜或织物经受固定的湿度和温度足以在纤维和大气之间发生平衡的时间( 24-96小时，优选72小时)，然后采用加热辊和压力辊以产生蒸汽来熔化并压实表面且形成降低孔隙率的层，同时使邻接的纤维接触。本发明的薄膜或织物可用于制造医用衣服、长袍、帘等。所述薄膜或织物可形成为用于惰性物品的包膜、建筑覆盖物。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案，使用在图6中说明的设备可实现用于制备改性聚乙烯醇薄膜、织物或层叠物的方法。
如图6所示，在辊筒(11A)上的薄膜、织物或层叠物(12A)在设备(10A)上进行处理。薄膜包含置于输送机(13A)上的聚乙烯醇薄膜、织物或层叠物(12A)，输送机(13A)在蒸汽喷嘴(15A)下通过辊筒(14A, 14B)运动，其中约100-120℃的温度的蒸汽撞击聚乙烯醇薄膜上，以使表面的温度升高至大约玻璃化转变温度Tg，以使表面熔化并形成聚结层。
被处理的薄膜在递送装置(16)下通过，递送装置(16)可递送添加剂比如着色剂或防粘连剂，比如0.1-5%(wt)，优选2-3%(wt)之间的量的二氧化硅聚合物、滑石、气相二氧化硅等，或防水剂。薄膜(12A)然后在至少一个加热的压延机(17)下行进以将添加剂压入软化的部分和/或使薄膜伸展。
在通过具有一个或多个辊筒的压延机(17)之后，另一个递送装置(15A)可递送防水剂。
被处理的薄膜可输送通过干燥箱(19)，然后输送至拉紧辊(18)上。通过使辊筒(19)上的薄膜进一步通过设备(10A)，以处理经加工的薄膜(12A)的另一表面，可处理薄膜(12A)的两侧。
薄膜(12A)可仅为含有或不含乙酰基并且交联或未交联的聚乙烯醇。
薄膜(12A)可包含用聚乙烯醇和另一种热塑性塑料，优选聚乙烯，形成的层叠物，以提供与TYVEK®类似的额外撕裂强度。
如图7所示，设备可具有在薄膜或织物(12A)下面的蒸汽喷嘴(18A)，使得可将两个表面改性。而且可提供张力辊(17A)以依其用途使薄膜或纤维(12A)伸展。
正如先前所提到的那样，可用于实施本发明的聚合物或片材包含含有或不含乙酰基、交联或未交联的聚乙烯醇。建议聚乙烯醇实质上完全水解，即具有98%或者更大的水解的乙酰基。
为了提高合适的聚乙烯醇树脂基材料的制造，合适数量的增塑剂可以是必要的。设想最多15% (wt.)的合适增塑剂比如甘油或聚乙二醇可用于自聚乙烯醇基粒料辅助提供光滑的熔体挤出。
发现所制造的用作一次性医用衣服的织物呈现类似于自聚酯和聚丙烯制造的织物几乎相同的物理性质。然而，所制造的织物不受冷或温水(23℃-37℃)影响，但是当暴露于热水(80℃-90℃)时，立即溶解。
在聚乙烯醇薄膜或织物中加入防水剂为相当有用的辅助手段，以使低于发生溶解的温度下液体水分的表面侵蚀最小。
以下实施例仅说明本发明的方法并且修改在本领域技术人员技能范围内。
实施例1
使非织造聚乙烯醇织物(厚度20密耳)通过如在图6中显示的压延机，辊筒之间间隙设定在16密耳。辊筒在100℃下加热并且窄槽蒸汽刚好在织物通过辊筒之前对准织物。经处理的织物的厚度降低至16密耳并且在一侧上，织物表面从多孔纤维性质转变为几乎连续的薄膜表面，具有实质上较小的孔隙率，适用于一次性防护衣服或一次性医疗物品。
实施例2
使非织造聚乙烯醇织物(厚度20密耳)通过如在图6中显示的压延机，辊筒之间间隙设定在14密耳。辊筒在90℃下加热并且窄槽蒸汽刚好在织物通过辊筒之前对准织物顶面。在织物从压延机出现后，将防水涂层的细薄雾喷射在织物上。经处理的织物然后通过干燥箱以使防水涂层固定在织物表面上。经处理的织物的厚度降低至14密耳并且织物表面从多孔纤维性质转变为连续的薄膜表面，具有实质上较小的孔隙率，适用于一次性防护衣服。水滴形成珠状并从织物表面滚落。
实施例3
使聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯的层叠物(厚度20密耳)在蒸汽喷嘴下在输送机上通过，如图6所示，100-120℃的蒸汽撞击聚乙烯表面。所述输送机运送层叠物通过加热的压延机辊(100℃)，然后用碳氟化合物防水剂喷射，然后通过干燥箱。所述层叠物可用于替代TYVEK®。
尽管上面说明本发明的优选和修改实施方案，但本发明范围内可具有其它实施方案。

Claims (14)

1.一种包含聚乙烯醇的非织造透气性薄膜或织物，其具有至少一个具有降低孔隙率的聚乙烯醇的聚结表面层，和基本上由纤维聚乙烯醇组成的层，其中所述聚结层比所述纤维层更易传热，并且所述薄膜或织物还包含纤维聚乙烯醇和聚结的降低孔隙率的聚乙烯醇的过渡层，所述过渡层使所述表面层与所述纤维聚乙烯醇层结合，其中所述过渡层为在加工期间形成的聚结薄膜或熔合层与由在形成期间保持的原始非织造织物组成的纤维层的组合，其中将聚乙烯醇织物的单块纤维结构改变成为具有三个不同层的织物，两个外层被高度压实并结合以改善织物强度和耐磨性，同时织物的内芯被高度压实但不结合在一起而得到软的柔性织物。
2.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，进一步包括附着到所述纤维聚乙烯醇层的热塑性聚合物层，其中该热塑性聚合物层由与该纤维聚乙烯醇层不同的材料形成。
3.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，其中所述至少一个表面层包含防水组合物。
4.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，其中所述表面层非多孔。
5.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，进一步含有增塑剂。
6.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，其包含医用衣服。
7.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，其中被水刺的聚乙烯醇被作为原料初始提供以随后形成该薄膜或织物。
8.权利要求1的薄膜或织物，其为用于惰性物品的包装。
9.一种制备权利要求1-8任一项的包含聚乙烯醇的非织造透气性薄膜或织物的方法，所述方法通过用热和水选择性聚结所述聚乙烯醇的至少一个表面以形成降低孔隙率的表面层，所述表面层附着非改性聚乙烯醇层，所述薄膜或织物在80℃-90℃可溶于水中。
10.权利要求9的方法，其中所述水衍生于所述聚乙烯醇薄膜或织物所持有的水量。
11.权利要求9的方法，其中所述热和水包含蒸汽。
12.权利要求9的方法，其中所述改性的表面用选自着色剂、防火剂、防水剂和其组合的试剂处理。
13.权利要求9的方法，其中聚乙烯醇的两个表面用撞击蒸汽改性。
14.权利要求9的方法，其中所述改性的表面用聚合物处理。
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RU184769U1 (ru) * 2018-08-27 2018-11-08 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Гамма" Водорастворимый стабилизатор для ткани

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CA2842363C (en) 2018-01-30
US20150159322A1 (en) 2015-06-11
RU2012130454A (ru) 2014-01-27
WO2013012854A1 (en) 2013-01-24
CN102991040A (zh) 2013-03-27
EP2734665A4 (en) 2015-08-19
RU2518657C2 (ru) 2014-06-10
BR112014001311A2 (pt) 2017-08-01
CA2842363A1 (en) 2013-01-24
EP2734665A1 (en) 2014-05-28
US9523172B2 (en) 2016-12-20

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