US20220136168A1 - Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles - Google Patents
Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220136168A1 US20220136168A1 US17/522,837 US202117522837A US2022136168A1 US 20220136168 A1 US20220136168 A1 US 20220136168A1 US 202117522837 A US202117522837 A US 202117522837A US 2022136168 A1 US2022136168 A1 US 2022136168A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- fabric
- recited
- alcohol film
- pair
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- -1 bleaches Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLERVPBPJHKRBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N LY 117018 Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OCCN3CCCC3)=CC=2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2S1 JLERVPBPJHKRBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001034843 Mus musculus Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
- B29C35/049—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using steam or damp
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/0009—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
- D06M11/05—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof with water, e.g. steam; with heavy water
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/84—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising combined with mechanical treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/04—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing using rollers or endless belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/24—Polymers or copolymers of alkenylalcohols or esters thereof; Polymers or copolymers of alkenylethers, acetals or ketones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2213—Coating or impregnation is specified as weather proof, water vapor resistant, or moisture resistant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2221—Coating or impregnation is specified as water proof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
- Y10T442/656—Preformed metallic film or foil or sheet [film or foil or sheet had structural integrity prior to association with the nonwoven fabric]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/674—Nonwoven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet
- Y10T442/679—Natural or synthetic rubber sheet or film
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing modified polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric having a surface layer which is coalesced and has a surface porosity at a low desired level, more particularly, the process relates to applying heat and pressure to the film or fabric so as to increase the moisture on the surfaces which is held by the film or fabric and to coalesce the surface fibers and reduce the porosity of the surface.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,859,125 which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches the production of layered articles which include coatings of polyvinyl alcohol.
- the subject reference teaches coating polyvinyl alcohol on a paper membrane whereby it is taught that the coated paper is soluble in either high or low temperature water.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,133 teaches the coating of polyvinyl alcohol onto a non-woven fiber sheet impregnated with latices of polyvinyl acetate in the manufacture of a pre-moistened towelette which can be disposed of by flushing in plain water without danger of clogging a plumbing system.
- the process comprises passing a film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) having a moisture content of at least 5-10% through a pair of calender rolls with a heated calender role to provide increased moisture at the surface of the PVOH film to coalesce the surface and lower its porosity.
- PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
- the unheated opposing calender roll has a softer surface than that of the heated calender roll.
- both calender rolls can be heated so that both surface of the PVOH film are coalesced and have a reduced porosity.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of the apparatus used in the present invention.
- the fabric contains at least 5-10% by weight water under normal indoor conditions when received and is maintained in this state. These conditions are normal air conditioned/relative humidity in most modern mills. There needs to be certain the percentage of contained moisture in order to achieve repeatable results under consistent process settings as the fabric is hot calendered. This moisture content of at least 5-10% is sufficient to reproducibly provide increased moisture at the surface of the PVOH film or fabric so that the hot calender roll with pressure forces the coalescing of the surface fibers to restrict the surface porosity to the low desired level. No steam is required or extra water is required under these conditions to achieve the degree of coalescing of the fibers and the lowering of the porosity.
- the calender rolls should be composed of a heated metal roll, preferably steel, and an unheated counter roll with a surface coated or covered with an appropriate high melting hard tough polymer film such as silicone rubber polyamide, Teflon or polyurethane.
- a heated metal roll preferably steel
- an unheated counter roll with a surface coated or covered with an appropriate high melting hard tough polymer film such as silicone rubber polyamide, Teflon or polyurethane.
- an appropriate high melting hard tough polymer film such as silicone rubber polyamide, Teflon or polyurethane.
- the surface of this polymer film or coating will result in a wider nip print resulting in an increased contact area between the heated metal and coated rolls.
- the increased contact between the two rolls will result in increased contact between the heated roll and the fabric which will improve the heat and pressure transfer of moisture to the surface of the fabric.
- each film coating on the roll and the thickness of that coating will determine a different foot print on the surface of the PVOH fabric surface.
- Variations in the process can be readily and practically accomplished by heating both rolls, by heating and coating both rolls, by using the preferred configuration of heating the uncoated steel roll alone and not heating the opposing coated roll, and varying the pressure and varying the line speed.
- the process is very flexible and small adjustments in line speed, roll pressure, roll temperature and diameter of the rolls allow for variations in moisture content of the PVOH fabric and allows fine tuning of the porosity of both of the fabric surfaces to achieve the desired air permeation properties.
- the PVOH fabric exits from the calender roll, it must be quickly cooled so as not to disturb low porosity surface film which has been formed.
- the fabric is preferentially passed over a chill roll and not distorted until the fabric is cool and the surface has been hardened. Minimum tension is used after the calender roll.
- Further variation can be accomplished by increasing the moisture content of the initial fabric by conditioning the fabric in a humid environment so that the moisture content is greater than the 5-10% by weight of water which it normally contains, for example, about 11-15%.
- the fabric from the take-up roll can be reversed and passed a second time through the apparatus.
- the initial fabric to be treated can comprise polyvinyl alcohol or it can be laminated with another thermoplastic such as a polyolefin, preferably, polyethylene.
- Polymer or sheet materials useful in practicing the present method comprise polyvinyl alcohol with or without acetyl groups, cross-linked or uncross-linked.
- the garments are comprised of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer that has been highly crystallized by post drawing or heat annealing. Ideal for use in the present invention would be a highly crystallized, at least approximately 98% saponified polyvinyl acetate.
- polyvinyl alcohol sold under the trademark Vinex 1003TM and 1002TM by Air Products could be used herein.
- Useful fibers are typically 0.4 to 7 mils.
- a commercially available product for use in the present invention is either type T-B (VEE 1290) or type T-5 (VPB 101) which are each available from Kuralon as its PVA fiber. This material is sold in 44 mm lengths. The T-B product is sized at 1.2 denier while the T-5 product is sold in 38 mm staple lengths of 1.5 denier.
- the fabric useful in practicing the present invention can be constructed by any well known technique for making woven, non-woven, knitted or otherwise formed fabric.
- Such non-woven techniques useful in practicing the present invention include spun bonding, melt blowing or wet laying, hydro entangling with cold water and/or thermally bonding with 30-70% of the surface melted to form.
- the sheets are approximately 1 to 6 mils in thickness and more preferably 1 to 3 mils in thickness and most preferably approximately 1.5 mils in thickness.
- Suitable non-woven fabric or sheets are approximately from 15 g/yd 2 to 200 g/yd 2 in weight and more preferably from 20 g/yd 2 to 70 g/yd 2 and most preferably from 25 g/yd 2 to 80 g/yd 2 .
- polymer or sheet material useful in practicing the present invention is comprised of polyvinyl alcohol with or without acetyl groups, cross-linked or uncross-linked. It is proposed that the polyvinyl alcohol be substantially fully hydrolyzed, that is, having 98% or greater hydrolyzed acetyl groups.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based sheet material should have a degree of polymerization of at least 700 and no greater than approximately 1500. Ideally, such materials should have a degree of polymerization of approximately 900 and be substantially crystallized.
- suitable quantities of a plasticizer may be necessary. It is contemplated that up to 15% (wt.) of a suitable plasticizer such as glycerin or polyethylene glycol may be employed to assist in providing a smooth melt extrusion from the polyvinyl alcohol-based pellets.
- a suitable plasticizer such as glycerin or polyethylene glycol
- the manufactured fabric for use as disposable medical garments displayed nearly identical physical properties similar to fabric manufactured from polyethylene, polyester and polypropylene. However, the fabric manufactured was unaffected by cool or warm water (23°-37° C.) but when exposed to hot water (80°-90° C.), immediately dissolved.
- a water repellent on or within the polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric is quite a useful adjunct to minimize surface attack by liquid moisture at a temperature lower than that at which solubility occurs. It has been found that even with polyvinyl alcohol films and fabrics which become water soluble only at elevated temperatures, when exposed to water, the surface of such material tends to take on a slick “feel” and the use of water repellents tends to minimize this effect.
- Suitable repellents include fluorocarbons offered by the 3M Co. sold under its trademarks FC 824 and 808. These materials are useful in the range of between 0.1 to 2.0% (wt.) based on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
- Antimicrobial agents can add to the surface particularly for medical applications such as gowns, drapes, etc.
- Antimicrobials include GERM PATROL® sold by Germ Patrol, LLC, silanes, silver or copper antimicrobials, and the like.
- an apparatus ( 10 ) used in fabricating the modified surface of the PVOH comprises a fabric roller ( 11 ) wherein the fabric ( 12 ) is passed through calender rollers ( 13 , 13 1 ).
- Roller ( 13 ) is a heated metal roller, preferably steel, and counter roller ( 13 1 ) is an unheated roller having a surface coating ( 14 ) of a high melting polymer film such as a polyamide, TEFLON®, polyurethane and silicon rubber wherein the surface is modified by the contact between the two rollers ( 13 , 13 1 ) to increase the moisture at the surface to coalesce the fibers on the surface.
- the temperature of the heated roller ( 13 ) is generally about 120° to 190° C.
- the modified fabric then passes under a sprayer ( 20 ) which can spray an additive such as a water repellant, dye, anti-stat agent, etc.
- the fabric is then passed under chill rollers ( 16 , 16 1 ) which are cooled by refrigerated water and then onto the take-up roller ( 17 ).
- the process can be run a second time or the apparatus can be modified by providing a heated roller for the other side.
- Tests 5 and 6 were run on the same apparatus and tests 8 and 9 were run on the same apparatus.
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Abstract
The present invention provides a process for modifying the surface of a polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric by applying heat and pressure to the film or fabric to increase the moisture on the surface which is held by the fabric and to coalesce the surface fibers and reduce the porosity of the surface.
Description
- This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/792,536, filed Oct. 24, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,168,441, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/533,392, filed Jun. 26, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,797,073, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/135,917, filed Jul. 18, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,293,664, which applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- The present invention relates to a process for producing modified polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric having a surface layer which is coalesced and has a surface porosity at a low desired level, more particularly, the process relates to applying heat and pressure to the film or fabric so as to increase the moisture on the surfaces which is held by the film or fabric and to coalesce the surface fibers and reduce the porosity of the surface.
- The prior art has recognizes uses for polyvinyl alcohol compositions in the manufacture of water soluble useful articles. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,413,229 which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches the production of water soluble bags or pouches for which packets or the like are produced containing such materials as detergents, bleaches, insecticides, medicinals, chemicals, dyes, pigments, industrial additives and other materials. It is taught that the contents of the packets are dispersed merely by dropping the packets into water whereupon the bags dissolve and release their contents into aqueous dispersions. However, the referenced patent teaches the production of such films which are both hot and cold water soluble.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,859,125, which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches the production of layered articles which include coatings of polyvinyl alcohol. The subject reference teaches coating polyvinyl alcohol on a paper membrane whereby it is taught that the coated paper is soluble in either high or low temperature water. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,133 teaches the coating of polyvinyl alcohol onto a non-woven fiber sheet impregnated with latices of polyvinyl acetate in the manufacture of a pre-moistened towelette which can be disposed of by flushing in plain water without danger of clogging a plumbing system.
- Both U.K. Patent No. 1,187,690 and Japanese Patent No. 72041741, which are incorporated herein by reference, teach the production of stand alone polyvinyl alcohol films which are water soluble. The U.K. patent teaches the production of hospital bags and packaging material for such products as detergents and agricultural chemicals while the Japanese patent teaches the use of polyvinyl alcohol films to make laundry bags which dissolve releasing soiled garments contained therein. However, neither reference teaches the unique films of the present invention which can be configured into useful garments and like materials.
- The process comprises passing a film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) having a moisture content of at least 5-10% through a pair of calender rolls with a heated calender role to provide increased moisture at the surface of the PVOH film to coalesce the surface and lower its porosity.
- Advantageously, the unheated opposing calender roll has a softer surface than that of the heated calender roll.
- According to a further embodiment of the invention both calender rolls can be heated so that both surface of the PVOH film are coalesced and have a reduced porosity.
- It is a general object of the invention to provide a process for modifying at least one surface of a PVOH film based on the moisture content on its surface so to alter the surface and provide a reduced porosity.
- It is another object of the invention to provide a process for lowering the surface porosity of spunlaced non woven PVOH fabric while not detracting from its other desirable properties such as strength and abrasion resistance.
- It is a further object of the invention to modify a surface of a PVOH non woven fabric by controlling the moisture content of the non woven PVOH fabric before processing it through a heated calender roll.
- These and other objects and advantages will be noted by a reading of the Preferred Embodiments of the invention and the drawing.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the apparatus used in the present invention. - The fabric contains at least 5-10% by weight water under normal indoor conditions when received and is maintained in this state. These conditions are normal air conditioned/relative humidity in most modern mills. There needs to be certain the percentage of contained moisture in order to achieve repeatable results under consistent process settings as the fabric is hot calendered. This moisture content of at least 5-10% is sufficient to reproducibly provide increased moisture at the surface of the PVOH film or fabric so that the hot calender roll with pressure forces the coalescing of the surface fibers to restrict the surface porosity to the low desired level. No steam is required or extra water is required under these conditions to achieve the degree of coalescing of the fibers and the lowering of the porosity.
- In order to make the process less susceptible to changes in the fabric moisture content, the calender rolls should be composed of a heated metal roll, preferably steel, and an unheated counter roll with a surface coated or covered with an appropriate high melting hard tough polymer film such as silicone rubber polyamide, Teflon or polyurethane. The surface of this polymer film or coating will result in a wider nip print resulting in an increased contact area between the heated metal and coated rolls. The increased contact between the two rolls will result in increased contact between the heated roll and the fabric which will improve the heat and pressure transfer of moisture to the surface of the fabric. Additionally, by employing a softer, unheated opposing or counter roll will result in a small difference in the differential stretch between the two sides of the fabric which improves the quality (controlled reduced porosity) of the film formation on both sides of the fabric surface. The softness of the coated roll can be altered to change the stretch differential of the surface of the fabric and the reduced porosity obtained of the fabric, and to modify the properties of the resulting processed fabric. In essence each film coating on the roll and the thickness of that coating will determine a different foot print on the surface of the PVOH fabric surface.
- Variations in the process can be readily and practically accomplished by heating both rolls, by heating and coating both rolls, by using the preferred configuration of heating the uncoated steel roll alone and not heating the opposing coated roll, and varying the pressure and varying the line speed. The process is very flexible and small adjustments in line speed, roll pressure, roll temperature and diameter of the rolls allow for variations in moisture content of the PVOH fabric and allows fine tuning of the porosity of both of the fabric surfaces to achieve the desired air permeation properties.
- Once the PVOH fabric exits from the calender roll, it must be quickly cooled so as not to disturb low porosity surface film which has been formed. The fabric is preferentially passed over a chill roll and not distorted until the fabric is cool and the surface has been hardened. Minimum tension is used after the calender roll.
- Further variation can be accomplished by increasing the moisture content of the initial fabric by conditioning the fabric in a humid environment so that the moisture content is greater than the 5-10% by weight of water which it normally contains, for example, about 11-15%. To modify the surface on the other side, the fabric from the take-up roll can be reversed and passed a second time through the apparatus.
- The initial fabric to be treated can comprise polyvinyl alcohol or it can be laminated with another thermoplastic such as a polyolefin, preferably, polyethylene.
- Polymer or sheet materials useful in practicing the present method comprise polyvinyl alcohol with or without acetyl groups, cross-linked or uncross-linked. The garments are comprised of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer that has been highly crystallized by post drawing or heat annealing. Ideal for use in the present invention would be a highly crystallized, at least approximately 98% saponified polyvinyl acetate. Commercially, polyvinyl alcohol sold under the trademark Vinex 1003™ and 1002™ by Air Products could be used herein. Useful fibers are typically 0.4 to 7 mils. A commercially available product for use in the present invention is either type T-B (VEE 1290) or type T-5 (VPB 101) which are each available from Kuralon as its PVA fiber. This material is sold in 44 mm lengths. The T-B product is sized at 1.2 denier while the T-5 product is sold in 38 mm staple lengths of 1.5 denier.
- The fabric useful in practicing the present invention can be constructed by any well known technique for making woven, non-woven, knitted or otherwise formed fabric. Such non-woven techniques useful in practicing the present invention include spun bonding, melt blowing or wet laying, hydro entangling with cold water and/or thermally bonding with 30-70% of the surface melted to form. When products are configured of sheets of suitable thermoplastic material, the sheets are approximately 1 to 6 mils in thickness and more preferably 1 to 3 mils in thickness and most preferably approximately 1.5 mils in thickness. Suitable non-woven fabric or sheets are approximately from 15 g/yd2 to 200 g/yd2 in weight and more preferably from 20 g/yd2 to 70 g/yd2 and most preferably from 25 g/yd2 to 80 g/yd2.
- As noted previously, polymer or sheet material useful in practicing the present invention is comprised of polyvinyl alcohol with or without acetyl groups, cross-linked or uncross-linked. It is proposed that the polyvinyl alcohol be substantially fully hydrolyzed, that is, having 98% or greater hydrolyzed acetyl groups.
- For the sake of adequate mechanical strength, in some cases the polyvinyl alcohol-based sheet material should have a degree of polymerization of at least 700 and no greater than approximately 1500. Ideally, such materials should have a degree of polymerization of approximately 900 and be substantially crystallized.
- To enhance the manufacture of suitable polyvinyl alcohol resin-based materials, suitable quantities of a plasticizer may be necessary. It is contemplated that up to 15% (wt.) of a suitable plasticizer such as glycerin or polyethylene glycol may be employed to assist in providing a smooth melt extrusion from the polyvinyl alcohol-based pellets.
- It was found that the manufactured fabric for use as disposable medical garments displayed nearly identical physical properties similar to fabric manufactured from polyethylene, polyester and polypropylene. However, the fabric manufactured was unaffected by cool or warm water (23°-37° C.) but when exposed to hot water (80°-90° C.), immediately dissolved.
- The incorporation of a water repellent on or within the polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric is quite a useful adjunct to minimize surface attack by liquid moisture at a temperature lower than that at which solubility occurs. It has been found that even with polyvinyl alcohol films and fabrics which become water soluble only at elevated temperatures, when exposed to water, the surface of such material tends to take on a slick “feel” and the use of water repellents tends to minimize this effect. Suitable repellents include fluorocarbons offered by the 3M Co. sold under its trademarks FC 824 and 808. These materials are useful in the range of between 0.1 to 2.0% (wt.) based on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
- Antimicrobial agents can add to the surface particularly for medical applications such as gowns, drapes, etc. Antimicrobials include GERM PATROL® sold by Germ Patrol, LLC, silanes, silver or copper antimicrobials, and the like.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , an apparatus (10) used in fabricating the modified surface of the PVOH comprises a fabric roller (11) wherein the fabric (12) is passed through calender rollers (13, 13 1). Roller (13) is a heated metal roller, preferably steel, and counter roller (13 1) is an unheated roller having a surface coating (14) of a high melting polymer film such as a polyamide, TEFLON®, polyurethane and silicon rubber wherein the surface is modified by the contact between the two rollers (13, 13 1) to increase the moisture at the surface to coalesce the fibers on the surface. The temperature of the heated roller (13) is generally about 120° to 190° C. The modified fabric then passes under a sprayer (20) which can spray an additive such as a water repellant, dye, anti-stat agent, etc. The fabric is then passed under chill rollers (16, 16 1) which are cooled by refrigerated water and then onto the take-up roller (17). - To modify the other surface of the PVOH fabric the process can be run a second time or the apparatus can be modified by providing a heated roller for the other side.
- The following Example is merely illustrative of the invention and modifications are within those skilled in the art.
- A series of trial runs were made using a 600 mm rolls of PVOH having a length of 600 mm with a thickness which varied at 0.52 mm to 0.45 mm with an outside moisture reading of 6.50%.
- Tests 5 and 6 were run on the same apparatus and tests 8 and 9 were run on the same apparatus.
- The results are as follows:
-
-
FIRST PASS Test Set Roll Air Thick- No. Temp Temp Perm ness Speed Pressure 1 145° C. 130° C. 87.93 6.2 mil 20.2 m/min. 200 N/mm 2 145° C. 130° C. 87.93 6.2 mil 20.2 m/min. 200 N/mm 3 145° C. 138.6° C. 50.0 m/min. 250 N/mm 4 170° C. 147° C. 50.0 m/min. 250 N/mm 5 190° C. 161° C. 26 cfm 5.4 mil N/A N/A 6 190° C. 161° C. 50.1 m/min. 250 N/mm 7 190° C. 170° C. 5.58 3.81 mil cfm 8 Preheat 170° C. 170.0 4.15 mil cfm 9 Preheat 170° C. 7.55 3.87 ml 10 190° C. 170° C. 6.82 3.42 mil -
SECOND PASS (reverse roll sequence) Test Set Roll No. Temp Temp Air Perm Thickness 1 145° C. 130° C. 18.0 cfm 3.87 mil 2 145° C. 130° C. 54.1 cfm 4.21 mil 3 150° C. 130° C. 4 170° C. 147.0° C. 24.6 cfm 5.4 mil 5 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6 190° C. 161° C. 23 cfm 3.6 mil
Claims (21)
1.-13. (canceled)
14. A polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric comprising:
a first outer surface; and
a second outer surface opposite the first outer surface, wherein the first outer surface and the second outer surface are an integral one-piece construction formed from a starting polyvinyl alcohol material;
wherein the first outer surface has been treated to have a reduced surface porosity relative to a surface porosity of the second outer surface.
15. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 14 , wherein the reduced surface porosity is uniform and extends continuously along the first outer surface.
16. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 14 , wherein the first outer surface has a reduced surface porosity relative to the starting polyvinyl alcohol material.
17. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 16 , wherein the second outer surface has a surface porosity that is the same as the starting polyvinyl alcohol material.
18. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 14 that is prepared by passing the starting polyvinyl alcohol material through a pair of opposed calendar rollers under conditions of heat and pressure.
19. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 18 , wherein one of the pair of calendar rollers is heated and the other of the pair of calendar rollers is unheated.
20. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 18 , wherein one of the pair of calendar rollers comprises surface coating of a high melting polymer film.
21. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 18 , wherein after the step of passing, cooling by passing the polyvinyl alcohol material through a pair of opposed cooled calendar rollers.
22. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 14 , wherein the first outer surface comprises an additive disposed thereon.
23. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 22 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of antimicrobial agents, anti-static agents, water repellants, dyes, and combinations thereof.
24. The polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric as recited in claim 14 , wherein the starting polyvinyl alcohol material has a water content of 5 to 15 percent by weight.
25. A method of making a polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric comprising:
subjecting a starting polyvinyl alcohol material to heat and pressure by passing the material through a pair of opposed calendar rollers to reduce a surface porosity of only one of two surfaces of the material; and
cooling the material after the step of subjecting, wherein the reduced surface porosity of the only one surface of the material is retained during the step of cooling.
26. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein the surface of the material opposite the reduced surface porosity surface has a surface porosity that is similar to a surface porosity of the starting polyvinyl alcohol material before the step of subjecting.
27. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein before the step of subjecting, the starting polyvinyl alcohol material has a water content of up to 15 percent by weight water.
28. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein during the step of subjecting, one of the pair of calendar rollers is heated and the other of the pair of calendar rollers is unheated.
29. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein during the step of subjecting, one of the pair of calendar rollers comprises a surface that is relatively softer than the other one of the pair of calendar rollers.
30. The method as recited in claim 29 , wherein the relatively softer calendar roller has a surface comprising a high melting polymer film.
31. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric surfaces are an integral construction of the starting material and comprise an interface therebetween of the reduced surface porosity surface and the non-reduced surface porosity surface relative to the starting material.
32. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein during the step of cooling, at least one of the opposed calendar rollers has a temperature below ambient temperature.
33. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein the reduced surface porosity of the one polyvinyl alcohol film or fabric surface is uniform and extends continuously along the one surface.
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US17/522,837 US20220136168A1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2021-11-09 | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
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US13/135,917 US8293664B1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2011-07-18 | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
US13/533,392 US9797073B1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2012-06-26 | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
US15/792,536 US11168441B2 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2017-10-24 | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
US17/522,837 US20220136168A1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2021-11-09 | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
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US17/522,837 Abandoned US20220136168A1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2021-11-09 | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
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US20220361603A1 (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-17 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | One piece woven medical gown with coating |
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US9797073B1 (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2017-10-24 | Lakeland Industries, Inc. | Process for producing polyvinyl alcohol articles |
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2012
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2017
- 2017-10-24 US US15/792,536 patent/US11168441B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-09 US US17/522,837 patent/US20220136168A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20220361603A1 (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-17 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | One piece woven medical gown with coating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9797073B1 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
US11168441B2 (en) | 2021-11-09 |
US20180171545A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
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