CN110041501A - 床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110041501A
CN110041501A CN201910201841.1A CN201910201841A CN110041501A CN 110041501 A CN110041501 A CN 110041501A CN 201910201841 A CN201910201841 A CN 201910201841A CN 110041501 A CN110041501 A CN 110041501A
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刘长江
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Shandong Heng Fu Home Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯材料领域。本发明的聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫以聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯作为主要原料,以水作为发泡剂的生产工艺,制备过程不使用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、有机锡催化剂及二氯甲烷(MC)等毒性化合物,制备过程和使用过程安全环保,VOC含量低。使用的聚合物聚醚多元醇由甘油、环氧丙烷、甲醛、双氰胺制而成,是一种具有阻燃性能含有氨基的多元醇。以去离子水为开孔剂,配合稳定剂二甲基硅油的使用,有效增加了各组分的相容性,降低了体系表面张力,产品泡孔分布均匀。其制备方法所用原料易得,过程操作简便,适合于规模化生产,广泛应用于家电、汽车等装饰性和防护性领域。

Description

床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯泡沫材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯材料领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,通常指有一定弹性的柔软的聚氨酯泡沫。系列产品包括块状海绵、高回弹泡沫、自结皮泡沫、慢回弹泡沫、微孔泡沫以及半硬质吸能泡沫等。聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫具有密度低、透气、吸音、保温、回弹性好等特点。高回弹聚氨酯泡沫主要用作交通工具座椅、家具垫材、各种衬垫层压复合材料,也用作隔音材料、过滤材料、装饰材料、防震材料、包装材料和保温隔热材料等;软质聚氨酯自结皮泡沫塑料制品主要用于汽车方向盘、头枕、扶手、摩托车车座、自行车车座、安乐椅扶手和头靠、门把、阻流板以及保险杠等。
现有技术的聚氨酯泡沫材料普遍使用有机锡作为催化剂,加速聚氨酯泡沫的熟化和成型。此类胺对传统的发泡反应具有高效、选择性强、易操作等优点而被广泛使用于聚氨酯领域的各种应用中,但此类胺有一定的挥发性及刺激性气味,对人体有一定危害性,是造成VOC贡献的主要成分之一。在与人体有频繁接触的领域中,易对人体产生持续性伤害。另外,聚氨酯泡沫材料由于含可燃的碳氢链段,尤其是聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,特别容易燃烧,且在燃烧中产生大量的烟雾和毒性气体,给人们的生活和公共安全带来极大的危害。
因此,减少聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的VOC、刺激性气味的释放以及有毒有害物质的使用,以及提高其阻燃性能一直以来是聚氨酯技术的发展方向。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫及其制备方法,回弹性好、泡孔分布均匀、力学性能优异、VOC含量低,且阻燃性能好,氧指数高。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,由以下重量份数的原料制得:
聚醚多元醇 70~85份;
聚合物聚醚多元醇 15~30份;
去离子水 2.1~4.5份;
稳定剂 0.2~0.6份;
交联剂 0.7~2.5份;
催化剂 0.3~0.5份;
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯 32~45份。
其中所述的聚醚多元醇为丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物,环氧丙烷含量为20~30%,环氧乙烷含量为10~30%,分子量为3500~5500。
其中所述的聚合物聚醚多元醇由甘油、环氧丙烷、甲醛、双氰胺聚合而成,分子量为5000~10000。
优选的,其中所述的稳定剂为二甲基硅油;
优选的,其中所述的交联剂为新戊二醇;
优选的,其中所述的催化剂为碳酰胺。
一种制备上述床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)聚合物聚醚多元醇的制备;
(2)将制备的聚合物聚醚多元醇进行减压干燥除水,将丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物进行减压干燥除水;
(3)向带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的反应釜中按照配比依次加入丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物、聚合物聚醚多元醇、去离子水、稳定剂二甲基硅油、交联剂新戊二醇和催化剂碳酰胺,30~40℃温度下以1000~2000r/min转速搅拌10~20min,之后加入二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,在2500~3000r/min下搅拌30~50S后地将反应物倒入模具中,再放入烘箱中进行发泡,在80~90℃温度下熟化1~2h后取出样品,即为本发明聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫。
其中所述的聚合物聚醚多元醇由以下步骤制得:
将甘油和三甲胺混合均匀后,加入不锈钢反应釜中,釜内抽真空充氮气连续三次,以除去釜内空气,然后向釜内加入环氧丙烷,开通机械搅拌,并逐渐升温至100~110℃,使环氧丙烷和甘油反应,反应3~5h后,当釜内压力降到0.1MPa后,停止反应;将甲醛、双氰胺加入到反应釜,混合均匀后,保持120~130℃反应2~4h,减压蒸馏除去残留甲醛和水分,出料即为聚合物聚醚多元醇。
优选的,其中所述的甘油和三甲胺质量比为1:0.01~0.02;
优选的,其中所述的甘油和环氧丙烷摩尔比为1:1.5~2.0;
优选的,其中所述的甘油、甲醛、双氰胺的摩尔比为1:1:1.2~1.5。
本发明所具有的有益效果是:
1、本发明的床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫以聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯作为主要原料,以水作为发泡剂的生产工艺,制备过程不使用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、有机锡催化剂及二氯甲烷(MC)等毒性化合物,制备过程和使用过程安全环保,VOC含量低。
2、本发明使用的聚合物聚醚多元醇由甘油、环氧丙烷、甲醛、双氰胺制而成,是一种具有阻燃性能含有氨基的多元醇。
3、以去离子水为开孔剂,配合稳定剂二甲基硅油的使用,有效增加各组分的相容性,降低体系的表面张力,同时可以使泡孔分布均匀。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,具体实施例不限制本发明。
实施例1
本发明提供了一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,由以下重量份数的原料制得:
丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物 70份;
聚合物聚醚多元醇 15份;
去离子水 2.1份;
二甲基硅油 0.2份;
新戊二醇 0.7份;
碳酰胺 0.3份;
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯 32份。
一种制备上述床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将26.8kg甘油和268g三甲胺混合均匀后,加入不锈钢反应釜中,釜内抽真空充氮气连续三次,以除去釜内空气,然后向釜内加入25.35kg环氧丙烷,开通机械搅拌,并逐渐升温至100℃,使环氧丙烷和甘油反应,反应3h后,当釜内压力降到0.1MPa后,停止反应。将8.74kg甲醛、29.36kg双氰胺加入到反应釜,混合均匀后,保持120℃反应2h,减压蒸馏除去残留甲醛和水分,出料即为聚合物聚醚多元醇,分子量5000。
(2)将制备的聚合物聚醚多元醇进行减压干燥除水,将丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物进行减压干燥除水。丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物中环氧丙烷含量为20%,环氧乙烷含量为10%,分子量为3500。
(3)向带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的反应釜中依次加入70份丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物、15份聚合物聚醚多元醇、2.1份去离子水、0.2份二甲基硅油、0.7份新戊二醇和0.3份碳酰胺,30℃温度下以1000r/min转速搅拌10min,之后加入32份二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,在2500r/min下搅拌30S后迅速地将反应物倒入模具中,再放入烘箱中进行发泡,在80℃温度下熟化1h后取出样品,即为本发明聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫。
实施例2
本发明提供了一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,由以下重量份数的原料制得:
丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物 80份;
聚合物聚醚多元醇 25份;
去离子水 3.5份;
二甲基硅油 0.3份;
新戊二醇 1.2份;
碳酰胺 0.4份;
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯 38份。
一种制备上述床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将26.8kg甘油和345g三甲胺混合均匀后,加入不锈钢反应釜中,釜内抽真空充氮气连续三次,以除去釜内空气,然后向釜内加入28.88kg环氧丙烷,开通机械搅拌,并逐渐升温至105℃,使环氧丙烷和甘油反应,反应4h后,当釜内压力降到0.1MPa后,停止反应。将8.74kg甲醛、32.12kg双氰胺加入到反应釜,混合均匀后,保持125℃反应3h,减压蒸馏除去残留甲醛和水分,出料即为聚合物聚醚多元醇,分子量8000。
(2)将制备的聚合物聚醚多元醇进行减压干燥除水,将丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物进行减压干燥除水。丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物中环氧丙烷含量为25%,环氧乙烷含量为20%,分子量为4000。
(3)向带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的反应釜中依次加入80份丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物、25份聚合物聚醚多元醇、3.5份去离子水、0.3份二甲基硅油、1.2份新戊二醇和0.4份碳酰胺,35℃温度下以1500r/min转速搅拌15min,之后加入38份二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,在2800r/min下搅拌40S后迅速地将反应物倒入模具中,再放入烘箱中进行发泡,在85℃温度下熟化1.5h后取出样品,即为本发明聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫。
实施例3
本发明提供了一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,由以下重量份数的原料制得:
丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物 85份;
聚合物聚醚多元醇 30份;
去离子水 4.5份;
二甲基硅油 0.6份;
新戊二醇 2.5份;
碳酰胺 0.5份;
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯 45份。
一种制备上述床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将26.8kg甘油和536g三甲胺混合均匀后,加入不锈钢反应釜中,釜内抽真空充氮气连续三次,以除去釜内空气,然后向釜内加入33.80kg环氧丙烷,开通机械搅拌,并逐渐升温至110℃,使环氧丙烷和甘油反应,反应5h后,当釜内压力降到0.1MPa后,停止反应。将8.74kg甲醛、36.70kg双氰胺加入到反应釜,混合均匀后,保持130℃反应4h,减压蒸馏除去残留甲醛和水分,出料即为聚合物聚醚多元醇,分子量10000。
(2)将制备的聚合物聚醚多元醇进行减压干燥除水,将丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物进行减压干燥除水。丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物中环氧丙烷含量为30%,环氧乙烷含量为30%,分子量为5500。
(3)向带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的反应釜中依次加入85份丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物、30份聚合物聚醚多元醇、4.5份去离子水、0.6份二甲基硅油、2.5份新戊二醇和0.5份碳酰胺, 40℃温度下以2000r/min转速搅拌20min,之后加入45份二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,在3000r/min下搅拌50S后迅速地将反应物倒入模具中,再放入烘箱中进行发泡,在90℃温度下熟化2h后取出样品,即为本发明聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫。
对比例1
仅不用聚合物聚醚多元醇,其他同实施例1。
对比例2
仅不用二甲基硅油 ,其他同实施例1。
对比例3
仅将新戊二醇换成乙醇胺,其他同实施例1。
结果对照:
分别对上述实施例1~3和对比例1~2进行测试,测试性能指标如表1。
表1 测试性能指标
测试项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
密度,kg/m3 48 50 48 48 49 49
透气性(气流量),dm3/s 4.0 4.1 3.8 2.8 3.2 3.8
拉伸强度,KPa 90 87 92 65 70 68
断裂伸长率,% 192 189 182 159 170 155
撕裂强度,N/cm 2.7 2.8 2.9 1.5 1.6 1.6
65%压陷强度,N 192 190 187 145 165 155
孔径,μm 150~200 150~200 150~200 150~200 20~120 120~200
氧指数,% 28 29 29 19 26 26
结果证明,实施例1-3产品都有非常好的气流量,说明透气性良好。另外,本发明制得聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫具有优异的力学性能、阻燃性能,孔径分布均匀。相对对比例不能同时具备上述性能。聚合物聚醚多元醇为含有氨基的多元醇,对产品的力学性能和阻燃性能起了主要作用,不使用时,力学性能较差,阻燃性也较差,见对比例1。不使用稳定剂时,透气性较差,力学性能一般,泡孔分布不均匀,见对比例2。新戊二醇交联剂的使用,使得本发明聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫具有均匀的交联结构,换成乙醇胺后,所得到的产品力学性能有所下降,同时泡孔分布变宽,见对比例3。

Claims (10)

1.一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料制得:
聚醚多元醇 70~85份;
聚合物聚醚多元醇 15~30份;
去离子水 2.1~4.5份;
稳定剂 0.2~0.6份;
交联剂 0.7~2.5份;
催化剂 0.3~0.5份;
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯 32~45份;
其中所述的聚醚多元醇为丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物,环氧丙烷含量为20~30%,环氧乙烷含量为10~30%,分子量为3500~5500;
其中所述的聚合物聚醚多元醇由甘油、环氧丙烷、甲醛、双氰胺聚合而成,分子量为5000~10000。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,其特征在于:所述的稳定剂为二甲基硅油。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,其特征在于:所述的交联剂为新戊二醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,其特征在于:所述的催化剂为碳酰胺。
5.一种制备如权利要求1所述的床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)聚合物聚醚多元醇的制备;
2)将制备的聚合物聚醚多元醇进行减压干燥除水,将丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物进行减压干燥除水;
3)向带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的反应釜中按照配比依次加入丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物、聚合物聚醚多元醇、去离子水、稳定剂二甲基硅油、交联剂新戊二醇和催化剂碳酰胺,30~40℃温度下以1000~2000r/min转速搅拌10~20min,之后加入二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,在2500~3000r/min下搅拌30~50S后地将反应物倒入模具中,再放入烘箱中进行发泡,在80~90℃温度下熟化1~2h后取出样品,即得聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述的聚合物聚醚多元醇的制备方法如下:将甘油和三甲胺混合均匀后,加入不锈钢反应釜中,釜内抽真空充氮气连续三次,以除去釜内空气,然后向釜内加入环氧丙烷,开通机械搅拌,并逐渐升温至100~110℃,使环氧丙烷和甘油反应,反应3~5h后,当釜内压力降到0.1MPa后,停止反应;将甲醛、双氰胺加入到反应釜,混合均匀后,保持120~130℃反应2~4h,减压蒸馏除去残留甲醛和水分,出料即为聚合物聚醚多元醇。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的甘油和三甲胺质量比为1:0.01~0.02。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的甘油和环氧丙烷摩尔比为1:1.5~2.0。
9.如权利要求6所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫的的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的甘油、甲醛、双氰胺的摩尔比为1:1:1.2~1.5。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种床垫用聚氨酯乳胶软质泡沫,其特征在于由以下重量份数的原料制得:
聚醚多元醇 80份;
聚合物聚醚多元醇 25份;
去离子水 3.5份;
二甲基硅油 0.3份;
新戊二醇 1.2份;
碳酰胺 0.4份;
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯 38份;
其中所述的聚醚多元醇为丙三醇-环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷共聚物,环氧丙烷含量为25%,环氧乙烷含量为20%,分子量为4000;
其中所述的聚合物聚醚多元醇由甘油、环氧丙烷、甲醛、双氰胺聚合而成,分子量为8000。
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