CN110041262B - 氮杂环卡宾配体及其钌催化剂、制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
氮杂环卡宾配体及其钌催化剂、制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110041262B CN110041262B CN201910002812.2A CN201910002812A CN110041262B CN 110041262 B CN110041262 B CN 110041262B CN 201910002812 A CN201910002812 A CN 201910002812A CN 110041262 B CN110041262 B CN 110041262B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- ADLVDYMTBOSDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-6-nitroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O ADLVDYMTBOSDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 nitro, carboxyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005865 alkene metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003402 intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Os]=O XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 3
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 2
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 104
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 50
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 49
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- ZVTDLPBHTSMEJZ-UPZRXNBOSA-N danoprevir Chemical compound O=C([C@@]12C[C@H]1\C=C/CCCCC[C@H](C(N1C[C@@H](C[C@H]1C(=O)N2)OC(=O)N1CC2=C(F)C=CC=C2C1)=O)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)NS(=O)(=O)C1CC1 ZVTDLPBHTSMEJZ-UPZRXNBOSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229950002891 danoprevir Drugs 0.000 description 43
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 40
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 28
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 21
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- HWZVDMQWJBASSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxycarbonylcyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C1(CC=CC1)C(O)=O HWZVDMQWJBASSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- SZIREXDQZMDDJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 2,2-bis(prop-2-enyl)propanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(CC=C)(CC=C)C(=O)OC SZIREXDQZMDDJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N (1s,2s,3r,4r)-3-[[5-chloro-2-[(1-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3h-1-benzazepin-7-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(=O)CCCC2=C(OC)C(NC=3N=C(C(=CN=3)Cl)N[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@]4([H])C[C@@]3(C=C4)[H])C(N)=O)=CC=C21 GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940125758 compound 15 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011986 second-generation catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylidene(dichloro)ruthenium;tricyclohexylphosphanium Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1[PH+](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 PNPBGYBHLCEVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011985 first-generation catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-JTJHWIPRSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-formamido-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound O=CN[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C=C1C FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-JTJHWIPRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- GXYYUDQAGCVAGJ-GXLZZWCZSA-M danoprevir sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C([C@@]12C[C@H]1\C=C/CCCCC[C@H](C(N1C[C@@H](C[C@H]1C(=O)N2)OC(=O)N1CC2=C(F)C=CC=C2C1)=O)[N-]C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)NS(=O)(=O)C1CC1 GXYYUDQAGCVAGJ-GXLZZWCZSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N (1s,2s,3s,5r)-1-(carboxymethyl)-3,5-bis[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-propylcarbamoyl]cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@](CC(O)=O)([C@H](C(=O)N(CCC)CC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)N(CCC)CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-IWFBPKFRSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-formamido-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound O=CN[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C=C1C FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-IWFBPKFRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BCKAHDGFNHDQST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COCCOS(C)(=O)=O BCKAHDGFNHDQST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940126543 compound 14 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MXJGZAMERDEUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N[Li].C[Si](N[Si](C)(C)C)(C)C Chemical compound N[Li].C[Si](N[Si](C)(C)C)(C)C MXJGZAMERDEUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QILSFLSDHQAZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QILSFLSDHQAZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011984 grubbs catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound [Li+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氮杂环卡宾(NHC)配体的结构及其钌络合物催化剂和用途。
背景技术
对钌络合物催化剂(特别是Grubbs催化剂)的研究和开发及其在烯烃异位复分解(Metathesis)和氢化反应中的催化作用,在该领域中引起了广泛的关注。特别是分子内关环的烯烃易位复分解反应在全球有机药物领域得到了越来越广泛的应用;而聚合反应中的烯烃易位复分解反应在新材料等领域具有重要的用途。
第二代Grubbs催化剂由于在钌金属上接入比膦配体具有更强给电子能力和更高稳定性的氮杂环卡宾(NHC)配体,较第一代催化剂而言可具有更高的活性和选择性,而且稳定性也有所提高。Hoveyda研究小组在Grubbs催化剂中引入具有较大体积的亲核性络合物配体形成H-G催化剂,可以起到提高催化剂热稳定性的作用;Zhan科研小组又通过改变Hoveyda络合物配体的取代基,引入氨基磺酰基、硝基、羰基等吸电子取代基得到系列催化剂,进一步提高了钌络合物催化剂的活性。
目前对N-杂环卡宾(NHC)配体的研究发现,其结构和电子效应对催化剂的性能有直接的影响。通常情况下,增大咪唑环氮上取代基的空间效应(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2010,49,6940–6952.)和增加氮杂环卡宾的给电子能力(Chem.Soc.Rev.2011,40,5151-5169;)都有利于增强催化剂的活性和稳定性。
虽然,Hans-Jorg Schanz小组据此对H-G催化剂的结构进行了修饰,将H-G中氮杂环卡宾的咪唑环氮原子芳环取代基的4-位甲基换作给电子能力更强的二甲氨基得到催化剂ITap,进行烯烃复分解反应,与H-G催化剂进行活性对比。催化环辛烯(COE)发生ROMP(即开环聚合易位复分解)时,催化剂ITap活性更高;当催化二烯丙基丙二酸二甲酯(DEDAM)发生RCM(分子内关环易位复分解)时,H-G催化剂活性更高,也就是说针对不同类型的烯烃复分解反应,二者表现出不同的活性(Dalton Trans.,2008,5791–5799)。但这些催化剂仍存在催化活性、稳定性不够理想,在较高的温度下易发生分解等问题。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明为解决上述现有催化剂的不足,提出了一种新结构形式的氮杂环卡宾(NHC)配体的结构及其钌络合物催化剂和用途。
本发明所述的氮杂环卡宾配体的结构,分别如式Ⅰa和Ⅰb所示:
式中:R1、R2、R5、R6各自独立地选自C1-C20烷基或环烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C6-C20的芳基,或者R1和R2、和/或R5和R6各自与其所连接的N形成的杂环基;
R3、R4各自独立地选自取代或无取代的C6-C20芳基、取代或无取代的C6-C20芳氧基、取代或无取代的C2-C20杂环芳基,其中所述取代的基团为至少一个的C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、羟基、硫羟基、醚基、硫醚基、酮基、醛基、酯基、胺基、亚胺基、酰胺基、硝基基、羧基、二硫化物基、碳酸酯基、异氰酸酯基、碳二亚胺基、烷氧羰基、氨基甲酸酯基或卤素。
作为在上述结构中所述式Ⅰa和/或式Ⅰb的一种优选形式是,式中的R3、R4各自独立地选自C6-C20芳基、C6-C20芳氧基、C2-C20杂环芳基。
所述式Ⅰa和/或Ⅰb中R3、R4的进一步优选形式,是各自独立地选自C6-C20芳基。
进一步,本发明上述式Ⅰa结构氮杂环卡宾配体中,优选的为式Ⅰaa、式Ⅰab、式Ⅰac或式Ⅰad所示的结构;更好的是式Ⅰaa所示的结构:
式Ⅰb结构氮杂环卡宾配体的优选结构如式Ⅰba所示:
本发明所述的具有上述氮杂环卡宾配体结构的钌络合物催化剂,结构分别如式Ⅱa和Ⅱb所示:
式中:R1、R2、R5、R6各自独立地选自C1-C20烷基或环烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C6-C20的芳基,或者R1和R2和/或R5和R6各自与其所连接的N形成的杂环基;
R3、R4各自独立地选自取代或无取代的C6-C20芳基、取代或无取代的C6-C20芳氧基、取代或无取代的C2-C20杂环芳基,其中所述取代的基团为至少一个的C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、羟基、硫羟基、醚基、硫醚基、酮基、醛基、酯基、胺基、亚胺基、酰胺基、硝基基、羧基、二硫化物基、碳酸酯基、异氰酸酯基、碳二亚胺基、烷氧羰基、氨基甲酸酯基或卤素;
R7为H、C1-C15烷基、C1-C15烷氧基、C1-C15硫醚基、C1-C15硅烷基、C1-C15硅氧基、C6-C15芳基、C6-C15芳氧基、C6-C15杂环芳基、C2-C15杂环基、亚砜基、砜基、C1-C15羰基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基、C1-C15磺酰胺基;
R8为选自H、F、Cl、Br、硝基、腈基、甲醛基、C1-C15氨基磺酰基(R2NSO2-)、C1-C15氨基羰基(R2NCO-)、C1-C15羰基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基或C1-C15磺酰胺基;
X1和X2为Cl或RCOO-,其中的R为C1-C20的烷基;
Y为氧、硫、氮或磷。
作为上述催化剂中的优选形式,可以包括:
所述式Ⅱa和/或Ⅱb中的X1和/或X2为氯,Y为氧;和/或
所述式Ⅱa和/或Ⅱb中的R7为异丙基或异丁基;和/或
所述式Ⅱa和/或Ⅱb中的R8为H、硝基、C1-C15氨基磺酰基。
本发明上述式Ⅱa结构钌催化剂的优选结构,如式Ⅱaa1、式Ⅱaa2或式Ⅱaa3所示:
所述式Ⅱb结构的所述钌催化剂的优选结构如式Ⅱba1、式Ⅱba2或式Ⅱba3所示;更好形式的催化剂如式IIba1所示:
根据目前对各种氮杂环卡宾配体结构及相应的金属络合物催化剂的相关研究和/或使用的报道,本发明上述的氮杂环卡宾配体结构及相应的钌络合物催化剂,可以完全采用这些现有的方式制备得到。
例如,本发明上述的氮杂环卡宾配体的制备可以采用包括如Guillaume Berthon-Gelloz et al,Dalton Trans.,2010,39,1444–1446等目前已有报道的相应方式实现:由相应的取代苯胺制备得到式(Ⅵ)或式(Ⅶ)的中间体后,再分别由式(Ⅵ)或式(Ⅶ)的中间体分别制备得到相应式Ⅰa或式Ⅰb结构的氮杂环卡宾配体。制备路线和过程如下:
式中:R1、R2、R5、R6各自独立地选自C1-C20烷基或环烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C6-C20的芳基,或者R1和R2和/或R5和R6各自与其所连接的N形成的杂环基;
R3、R4各自独立地选自取代或无取代的C6-C20芳基、取代或无取代的C6-C20芳氧基、取代或无取代的C2-C20杂环芳基,其中所述取代的基团为至少一个的C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、羟基、硫羟基、醚基、硫醚基、酮基、醛基、酯基、胺基、亚胺基、酰胺基、硝基基、羧基、二硫化物基、碳酸酯基、异氰酸酯基、碳二亚胺基、烷氧羰基、氨基甲酸酯基或卤素;
X为-NO2、I、Br、Cl、OSO2Ar、OSO2CF3。
其中,作为最后完成相应式Ⅰa或式Ⅰb结构氮杂环卡宾配体制备的间接前体物(Ⅵ)及(Ⅶ)的中间产物(Ⅴ),至少可包括下述的几种形式的结构:
在第①步对所述该中间产物(Ⅴ)的制备时,例如当X为-NO2时,中间产物(Ⅴ)可以由原料对硝基苯胺依次经傅克反应、氢化反应后,再与卤代物反应制备得到;当X为所述的其它基团形式时,对位取代的X-苯胺可以经傅克反应后,再在钯催化剂催化下与二胺发生C-N偶联反应,制备中间产物(Ⅴ)。
除经中间产物(Ⅴ)的方式制备得到该间接前体物(Ⅵ)外,该间接前体物(Ⅵ)的制备,还可以使化合物(Ⅻ)先经第②步与乙二醛(或乙二醛衍生物)缩合后,再与二胺进行C-N偶联反应的方式制备得到。
在由间接前体物(Ⅵ)制备式Ⅰa结构氮杂环卡宾配体过程的第③步中,使用间接前体物(Ⅵ)与多聚甲醛反应制备得到直接前体化合物(Ⅲa);然后在惰性气体保护下,该直接前体化合物(Ⅲa)与叔丁醇钾反应后,即可原位制备得到式Ⅰa结构的NHC。其中,所述该直接前体化合物Ⅲa至少包括:
在由间接前体物(Ⅵ)制备式Ⅰb结构氮杂环卡宾配体时,可参考现包括如AnthonyJ.Arduengo,III et al,Tetrahedron,55(1999),14523-14534等文献中的方式,将间接前体物(Ⅵ)经硼氢化钠等还原后得到间接前体物(Ⅶ),再经与原甲酸三乙酯反应的④步得到相应的直接前体物(Ⅲb);然后同样在惰性气体保护下,该直接前体物(Ⅲb)与叔丁醇钾反应后,即可原位制备得到式Ⅰb结构的NHC。其中,所述该直接前体化合物(Ⅲb)至少包括,更好是式(Ⅲba)的形式:
由上述制备得到的式Ⅰa或式Ⅰb结构的氮杂环卡宾配体,或由其它适当途径获得的式Ⅰa或式Ⅰb结构的氮杂环卡宾配体,进一步制备本发明所述的钌络合物催化剂,同样可以参照Amir H.Hoveyda et al,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2000,122,8168-8179等目前对各种氮杂环卡宾配体的金属络合物催化剂的相关研究和/或使用的报道的制备方式,按下述方式之一进行:
方式1:
方式2:
式中:R7为H、C1-C15烷基、C1-C15烷氧基、C1-C15硫醚基、C1-C15硅烷基、C1-C15硅氧基、C6-C15芳基、C6-C15芳氧基、C6-C15杂环芳基、C2-C15杂环基、亚砜基、砜基、C1-C15羰基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基、C1-C15磺酰胺基;
R8为选自H、F、Cl、Br、硝基、腈基、甲醛基、C1-C15氨基磺酰基(R2NSO2-)、C1-C15氨基羰基(R2NCO-)、C1-C15羰基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基或C1-C15磺酰胺基;
R9,R10独立为丁基,环己基或者苯基;
X1和X2为Cl或RCOO-,其中的R为C1-C20的烷基;
Y为氧、硫、氮或磷。
其中,式(2a)的结构优选为:
此外,也可以在惰性气体保护下,由式Ⅰa或式Ⅰb结构NHC的直接前体物(Ⅲa)或(Ⅲb),与式(1a)形式的钌络合物和CuCl、式(2a)化合物反应后,直接制备得到本发明所述的式Ⅱa或Ⅱb形式的钌络合物催化剂。
相比于现有同类的NHC结构,本发明上述形式氮杂环卡宾(NHC)配体及其相应的钌络合物催化剂,通过在NHC配体的氮杂环上与氮原子相连的苯环的邻位接入了大位阻的-CH(R3(4))2基团,同时在苯环的对位引入了强给电子能力的-N(R1(2,5,6))2基团,在二者的共同作用下,可以显著提高该催化剂的催化活性,特别是在热稳定性能上的表现突出。实验结果表明,本发明所述的钌络合物催化剂除可具有目前同类催化剂的催化性能和应用领域外,由于其在100℃下能保持够稳定的显著特点,作为高效的催化剂,在例如包括分子内关环的烯烃易位复分解反应、分子间的交叉烯烃易位复分解反应或聚合反应中的烯烃易位复分解反应等在内的烯烃易位复分解反应和/或加氢反应等目前同类催化剂难以完成或催化效果不佳的应用领域中,本发明的该催化剂都能取得满意的效果,在新材料和药物合成等领域具有广泛的产业应用价值。
以下结合附图及实施例的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
附图说明
图1是本发明的钌络合物催化剂的UV吸收示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:化合物8的合成
取对硝基苯胺(40g,290mmol,1eq)和二苯甲醇(106g,580mmol,2eq)于1000mL单口烧瓶中,搅拌加热至100℃,直至固体完全溶解,然后滴加ZnCl2/浓HCl溶液,(19.4g溶于17.6mL37%浓盐酸),滴加过程中有白雾放出,滴加完毕,升温至160℃。TLC监测,反应至原料点消失。停止加热,降温至室温,加入300mL二氯甲烷溶解,用NH4Cl洗涤有机相,再用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂,得到棕黄色固体粗品140g,乙酸乙酯/石油醚结晶,过滤,干燥,得浅黄色固体粉末(8)101g,产率74.3%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.57(s,2H),7.34-7.26(m,12H),7.13-7.10(m,8H),5.37(s,2H),4.21(s,2H)。
实施例2:化合物XIII的合成
取原料化合物8(100g,212.7mmol)溶于1100mL氯仿和580mL甲醇中,加入10.0g钯碳,氢气换气后通入氢气,升温至45℃反应,TLC监测反应完全。滤除钯碳,得浅黄色液体,旋干溶剂,加入200mL二氯甲烷溶解,并在搅拌下缓慢滴加700mL石油醚,滴加完毕,溶浅黄色固体析出,打浆1h,过滤,收集滤饼,得淡粉色固体粉末(XIII)92.7g,产率99%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):7.34-7.08(m,12H),7.10-7.08(m,8H),6.62(s,2H),5.58(s,2H)。
实施例3:化合物Ⅴa的合成(方法一)
取原料化合物XIII(40.0g,91.2mmol)溶于120mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入K2CO3(37.6g,272.1mmol)、KI(4.5g,27.4mmol)。取溴代异丁烷(31.8g,220.0mmol)加入上述溶液中,升温至100℃反应。TLC监测反应完全。用乙酸乙酯/水萃取,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,Na2SO4干燥,旋干溶剂得棕黄色油物。加入乙酸乙酯/石油醚结晶,过滤得白色固体粉末(Ⅴa),22.2g,产率44.2%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.30–7.19(m,12H),7.18–7.11(m,8H),5.86(s,2H),5.50(s,2H),2.91(br,2H),2.66-2.64(d,J=5.5Hz,4H),1.60-1.56(m,2H),0.62-0.60(d,J=6.5Hz,12H).
实施例4:化合物XII的合成
取对溴苯胺(5.0g,29mmol)和二苯甲醇(8.9g,48mmol)于250mL单口烧瓶中,搅拌加热至100℃,直至固体完全溶解,然后滴加ZnCl2/浓HCl溶液,滴加完毕,升温至160℃,反应2h。降温至室温,加入100mL二氯甲烷溶解,用NH4Cl洗涤有机相,再用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相。无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯打浆,过滤,干燥,得浅黄色固体粉末6.0g,产率50.0%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35–7.20(m,12H),7.14–7.03(m,8H),6.69(s,2H),5.40(s,2H).
实施例5:化合物Ⅴa的合成(方法二)
惰性气体下,取化合物XII(1.0g,1.98mmol)与二异丁基胺(333mg,2.58mmol)混合,加入反应管中,再加入Pd(IPr*)(acac)Cl(12.7mg,0.00595mmol),加入LiHMDS(六甲基二硅基胺基锂)(2.38mmol),取2mL 1,4-二氧六环溶解反应,升温至110℃,反应3h,反应完全。用20mL水和10mL二氯甲烷洗涤反应液,收集二氯甲烷相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,除去二氯甲烷,柱层析,得到淡粉色固体粉末0.48g,产率55.1%。
实施例6:化合物Ⅵ的合成
取原料化合物Va(20.0g,36.2mmol)溶于120mL氯仿中,加入400mL甲基叔丁基醚、500mL无水乙醇,升温至58℃。加入甲酸(410μL,10.9mmol)后滴加乙二醛(5.4mL,47.0mmol)。TLC监测反应至无原料点。将反应液过滤得到橙色固体,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂打浆。过滤得到橙色固体粉末(Ⅵa)16.0g,产率78.5%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31(d,J=4.3Hz,2H),7.20(dq,J=14.2,7.0Hz,13H),7.04(d,J=7.1Hz,8H),6.07(s,2H),5.39(s,2H),2.81(d,J=6.9Hz,4H),1.71–1.54(m,4H),0.68(d,J=6.6Hz,12H).
实施例7:化合物IIIaa的合成
取原料化合物VIa(10.0g,8.87mmol)溶于三氯甲烷(160mL),升温至60℃,加入多聚甲醛(0.8g,26.60mmol),然后将新配制的4M HCl(4.9mL)溶液缓慢的滴加到反应液中,TLC监测反应完全。将反应液旋干,加入乙酸乙酯/石油醚结晶。过滤得到白固体粉末(IIIaa)5.93g,产率56.3%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.21(d,J=28.3Hz,34H),6.86(s,8H),5.97(s,4H),5.44–5.32(m,2H),5.30(s,1H),5.18(s,4H),2.76(s,8H),1.58(s,14H),0.62(d,J=5.7Hz,23H).
实施例8:化合物Ⅶa的合成
取亚胺(10.00g,8.87mmol)于500mL单口瓶,加入500mL THF,在冰浴下缓慢加入硼氢化钠(3.35g,88.68mmol),氩气换气保护80℃回流,反应10h,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后,在冰浴下向反应液滴加1M HCl溶液,滴加至无气泡冒出,恢复室温。二氯甲烷萃取,旋干溶剂。柱层析,得黄色固体6.42g,产率64.0%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27–7.11(m,6H),7.02(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),5.98(s,1H),5.75(s,1H),2.77(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.31(s,1H),1.58(dt,J=13.0,6.5Hz,1H),0.65(d,J=6.6Hz,6H).
实施例9:化合物IIIba的合成
将原料VIIa(6.00g,5.30mmol)溶于原甲酸三乙酯(150mL),60℃滴加入4M HCl(26.51mmol)的1,4-二氧六环溶液,溶液由橙黄色变为黑色,通入氮气,加热升温,100℃,溶液变为黄色澄清液,升温140℃,反应1.5h,TLC,无原料点。停止反应。将反应液冷却,除去溶剂,柱层析得浅黄色固体1.95g,产率31.2%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ10.82(s,1H),7.35–7.17(m,32H),7.14–7.04(m,8H),5.98(s,4H),5.79(s,4H),2.78(d,J=7.0Hz,8H),2.55(s,4H),1.62–1.45(m,4H),0.64(d,J=6.6Hz,24H).
实施例10:化合物Ⅱaa1的合成
无水无氧条件下,将Grubbs第一代催化剂1a(1.22mmol)加入至100mL Schlenk瓶中,再将化合物IIIaa(2858mg,2.43mmol)和叔丁醇钾(286mg,2.55mmol)加入至反应瓶中,加入50mL正己烷。搅拌下在60℃反应5小时后,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后减压除去正己烷。将上一步得到的中间体溶解在40mL二氯甲烷中,加入氯化亚铜(300mg,1.42mmol)搅拌5min,再将化合物2a1(296mg,1.82mmol)加入至反应瓶中,升温至40℃,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后,柱层析,得到浅绿色固体粉末IIaa1 574mg,收率:32.3%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ17.14(s,1H),7.53(s,6H),7.24–6.76(m,34H),6.67(s,4H),6.20(d,J=20.9Hz,4H),6.00(s,2H),5.84(s,2H),5.05(m,1H),2.89(d,8H),1.82–1.66(m,4H),1.26(d,6H),0.67(d,24H)。
实施例11:化合物Ⅱaa2的合成
无水无氧条件下,将Grubbs第一代催化剂1a(1.22mmol)加入至100mL Schlenk瓶中,再将化合物IIIaa(2858mg,2.43mmol)和叔丁醇钾(286mg,2.55mmol)加入至反应瓶中,加入50mL正己烷。搅拌下在60℃反应5小时后,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后减压除去正己烷。将上一步得到的中间体溶解在40mL二氯甲烷中,加入氯化亚铜(300mg,1.42mmol)搅拌5min,再将化合物2a2(378mg,1.82mmol)加入至反应瓶中,升温至40℃,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后,柱层析,得到浅绿色固体粉末IIaa2 561mg,收率:30.7%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ17.22(s,1H),7.78(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=5.4Hz,4H),7.16-6.89(m,34H),6.66(s,4H),6.24(s,4H),5.93(s,2H),5.77(s,2H),5.16(m,1H),2.91(d,J=8.8Hz,8H),1.88–1.65(m,4H),1.28(m,6H),0.67(d,24H).
实施例12:化合物Ⅱaa3的合成
无水无氧条件下,将Grubbs第一代催化剂1a(1.22mmol)加入至100mL Schlenk瓶中,再将化合物IIIaa(2858mg,2.43mmol)和叔丁醇钾(286mg,2.55mmol)加入至反应瓶中,加入50mL正己烷。搅拌下在60℃反应5小时后,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后减压除去正己烷。将上一步得到的中间体溶解在40mL二氯甲烷中,加入氯化亚铜(300mg,1.42mmol)搅拌5min,再将化合物2a3(378mg,1.82mmol)加入至反应瓶中,升温至40℃,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后,柱层析,得到浅绿色固体粉末IIaa3 550mg,收率:28.9%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ17.28(s,1H),8.08–7.95(m,1H),7.50(d,J=7.1Hz,4H),7.31(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.23–7.06(m,14H),7.00(s,10H),6.90(s,10H),6.65(s,4H),6.25(d,J=10.7Hz,4H),5.95(s,2H),5.79(s,2H),5.15(m,J=12.2,6.1Hz,1H),2.88(d,J=6.9Hz,8H),1.81–1.66(m,4H),1.27(d,6H),0.67(d,24H).
实施例13:化合物Ⅱba1的合成
无水无氧条件下,将Grubbs第一代催化剂1a(1.22mmol)加入至100mL Schlenk瓶中,再将化合物IIIba(2863mg,2.43mmol)和叔丁醇钾(477mg,4.25mmol)加入至反应瓶中,加入50mL正己烷。搅拌下在60℃反应5小时后,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后减压除去正己烷。将上一步得到的中间体溶解在40mL二氯甲烷中,加入氯化亚铜(300mg,1.42mmol)搅拌5min,再将化合物2a1(296mg,1.82mmol)加入至反应瓶中,升温至40℃,TLC监测反应完全。反应完全后,柱层析,得到浅绿色固体粉末IIba1 568mg,收率:32.0%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ17.45(s,1H),7.62-7.05(m,40H),6.72(s,4H),6.25(s,4H),6.07(s,4H),5.05(m,1H),2.89(d,8H),2.64(s,4H),1.82–1.66(m,4H),1.26(d,6H),0.67(d,24H).
实施例14:催化剂的热稳定性实验
现有的Ru络合物催化剂在高温下极易分解,稳定性不足是目前钌络合物催化剂产品的缺陷之一。参照文献资料(Plenio等发表在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2012,134(2):1104-1114)报道,通过紫外吸收(UV)测试本发明的钌络合物催化剂的热稳定性。
配制催化剂Ⅱaa1的甲苯溶液25mL,浓度为2.0×10-5mol/L;首先取3mL催化剂Ⅱaa1的甲苯溶液测试其在室温下的UV-Vis吸收;再分别取3mL催化剂Ⅱaa1的甲苯溶液在惰性气体下分别于50℃、70℃、90℃、100℃加热4小时后,通过UV-Vis测试其特征吸收峰的变化。催化剂IIaa1在不同温度加热后的UV吸收图谱如图1所示,显示了具有满意的热稳定性。
实施例15:化合物Ⅴb的合成
取化合物XIII(20.00g,45.4mmol),加入至500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入300mL乙腈,搅拌下加入甲磺酸三聚乙二醇单甲醚酯(22.0g,90.8mmol),再加入碳酸铯(29.6g,90.8mmol),升温至82℃反应。反应10h后补加甲磺酸三聚乙二醇单甲醚酯(22.0g,90.8mmol)和碳酸铯(29.6g,90.8mmol)。继续反应10h后再次补加甲磺酸三聚乙二醇单甲醚酯(22.0g,90.8mmol)和碳酸铯(29.6g,90.8mmol)反应至原料消失。过滤除去无机盐,蒸掉溶剂后柱层析,得到棕红色油状液体20.86g,产率62.7%。
实施例16:化合物Ⅵb的合成
取制备原料(1.00g,1.37mmol)溶于30mL二氯甲烷中,向反应液加无水硫酸镁(1.20g),向其中滴加40%乙二醛溶液(230μL)溶液,向反应滴加甲酸(0.5mL),室温反应。反应时补加3次1.2当量乙二醛,甲酸(0.5mL),5当量无水硫酸镁。反应72h停止反应。反应液过硅藻土除去无机盐,蒸掉溶剂,柱层析,得橙黄色固体,产率53.0%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.15(td,J=14.1,6.9Hz,7H),6.99(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),6.12(s,1H),5.32(s,1H),3.57(dd,J=6.0,3.1Hz,2H),3.52(dd,J=5.7,3.5Hz,4H),3.41–3.33(m,6H),3.23(s,3H).
实施例17:化合物Ⅲab的合成
取亚胺原料(50.0mg,0.033mmol)溶于CHCl3(1.5mL),升温至60℃,向其中加入多聚甲醛(3.0mg,0.099mmol)溶液,再向其中滴加4M HCl的1,4-二氧六环溶液(0.1mL),溶液由橙红色变为棕黑色,约2min溶液再渐渐变为棕黄色溶液。TLC监测反应至原料消失,停止反应。蒸掉反应液,柱层析,得到浅灰白色胶状产物29mg,产率56.2%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ11.92(s,1H),7.33–7.21(m,10H),7.16(t,J=8.1Hz,22H),6.86(s,8H),6.08(s,4H),5.41(s,2H),5.19(s,4H),3.62–3.55(m,8H),3.55–3.46(m,16H),3.37(d,J=5.1Hz,24H),3.28–3.14(s,12H).
实施例18:化合物Ⅴc的合成
取化合物XIII(17.0g,38.6mmol)溶于DMF(60mL)中,加入K2CO3(17.5g,96.5mmol)、KI(1.7g,10.0mmol)。取溴代异戊烷(1.7g,10.0mmol)滴入上述溶液中,升温至100℃反应。加热反应4h,停止反应。用300mL乙酸乙酯、600mL水萃取,最后饱和食盐水洗涤。柱层析,蒸干溶剂得乳白色固体粉末固体9.50g,16.36mmol),产率42.2%。
实施例19:化合物Ⅵc的合成
取上一步产物原料(5.00g,8.62mmol)溶于甲基叔丁基醚(100mL)和EtOH(100mL),向其中滴加40%乙二醛溶液(1.63g,11.19mmol)溶液,再取甲酸(155mg,2.58mmol)滴入反应液,加热至60℃,反应液渐渐变橙色,约30min后有橙色固体析出。反应5h时补加80mg甲酸、0.8g当量40%乙二醛。反应10停止反应,过滤,滤出橙黄色固体,再用石油醚\乙酸乙酯混合溶剂打浆,得橙黄色固体2.70g,产率53.1%。
实施例20:化合物Ⅲac的合成
取VIc(100.0mg,0.083mmol)溶于无水THF(2mL),搅拌下加ZnCl2(12.0mg,0.100mmol),升温至45℃,搅拌5min。加多聚甲醛(2.6mg,0.100mmol),升温至70℃,搅拌5min。取TMSCl(9.6mg,0.100mmol)溶于无水THF(1mL),滴加入上述反应液。滴加完毕后保持70℃反应。加热6h停止反应,蒸干四氢呋喃,用二氯甲烷/正戊烷结晶,得棕色固体产物70mg,产率66.4%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ10.73(s,1H),7.29–7.21(m,10H),7.18(m,16H),7.08(d,J=7.3Hz,8H),6.91–6.83(m,6H),6.00(s,4H),5.50(d,J=1.2Hz,2H),5.10(s,4H),2.98–2.83(m,8H),1.31–1.16(m,8H),1.08(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),0.69(d,J=6.5Hz,24H)。
实施例21:化合物Ⅴd的合成
惰性气体下,取化合物XII(1.0g,1.98mmol)与二苯基胺(437mg,2.58mmol)混合,加入反应管中,再加入Pd(IPr*)(acac)Cl(12.7mg,0.00595mmol),加入LiHMDS(六甲基二硅基胺基锂)(2.38mmol),取2mL1,4-二氧六环溶解反应,升温至110℃,反应3h,反应完全。用20mL水和10mL二氯甲烷洗涤反应液,收集二氯甲烷相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,除去二氯甲烷,柱层析,得到淡粉色固体粉末624mg,产率53.0%。
实施例22:化合物Ⅵd的合成
取上一步产物化合物Vd(10.0g,16.8mmol)溶于60mL氯仿中,加入200mL甲基叔丁基醚、250mL无水乙醇,升温至58℃。加入甲酸(190μL,5.1mmol)后滴加乙二醛(2.5mL,21.9mmol)。TLC监测反应至无原料点。将反应液过滤得到橙色固体,石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂结晶。过滤得到橙黄色固体粉末(VId)9.37g,产率92%。
实施例23:化合物Ⅲad的合成
取原料化合物VId(5.0g,4.14mmol)溶于三氯甲烷(100mL),升温至60℃,,加入多聚甲醛(373mg,12.4mmol),然后将新配制的4M HCl(2.3mL)溶液缓慢的滴加到反应液中,TLC监测反应完全。将反应液旋干,乙酸乙酯/石油醚结晶。最后过滤得到白固体粉末(IIIad)2.55g,产率52.0%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ12.72(m,1H),7.10(dd,J=13.7,7.5Hz,40H),6.95(t,J=7.8Hz,12H),6.78(d,J=6.6Hz,8H),6.50(s,4H),5.55(s,2H),5.16(s,4H).
以下是本发明所述的钌络合物催化剂分别在烯烃易位复分解反应中的应用实例。
实施例24:3-环戊烯-1,1-二甲酸甲酯12的制备
3-环戊烯-1,1-二甲酸甲酯(12)是合成3-环戊烯-1-甲酸及其衍生物的中间体,后者主要用于碳环核苷、前列腺素等常见重要药物。选取二烯丙基丙二酸二甲酯(11)制备3-环戊烯-1,1-二甲酸甲酯(12)对实施例合成的钌络合物催化剂(Ⅱa和Ⅱb)进行分子内的烯烃易位复分解反应的催化活性测试,同时与H-G第二代催化剂(H-GⅡ)进行活性比较。
3-环戊烯-1,1-二甲酸甲酯12的制备:
烯烃分子内环化易位复分解反应:称取1.0g二烯丙基丙二酸二甲酯,加入2mL正庚烷,通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟;称取不同用量的催化剂,用1mL正庚烷溶解并加入至反应器中,升温至100℃,反应120分钟,计算或者测试转化率,结果见下表1。
烯烃分子内环化产物(12):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=5.61(2H,s),3.74(6H,s),3.02(4H,s)。
表1转化率结果
序号 | 催化剂种类 | 催化剂用量 | 转化率(%) |
1 | H-GⅡ | 1mol% | 99 |
2 | H-GⅡ | 0.03mol% | 92 |
3 | Ⅱaa1(实施例10) | 0.03mol% | 99 |
4 | Ⅱaa2(实施例11) | 0.03mol% | 99 |
5 | Ⅱaa3(实施例12) | 0.03mol% | 99 |
6 | Ⅱba1(实施例13) | 0.03mol% | 99 |
从以上的效果实施例看出,本发明的大位阻、富电子的NHC催化剂对二烯丙基丙二酸二甲酯(11)发生分子内烯烃易位复分解的催化活性显著优于同类催化剂H-GⅡ。
大环类化合物在药物,特别是抗病毒药物中具有广泛的用处。而烯烃复分解反应是构建大环类化合物的简便方法。抗丙肝药物丹诺瑞韦钠(Danoprevir Sodium)的中间体(16)分别使用了H-G第二代催化剂(US8299021B2,收率52%)和Zhan-1B催化剂(WO2011091757)催化烯烃中间体化合物(15)进行分子内烯烃易位复分解反应制得。通过用该中间体化合物(15)进行分子内关环反应,可以进一步显示本发明上述的钌络合物催化剂的活性。
丹诺瑞韦钠(Danoprevir Sodium)的中间体(16)制备路线如下:
实施例25:中间化合物14的制备过程:
惰性气体保护下,将反应体系冷却至-5℃左右,向反应瓶加入底物(S)-2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)壬-8-烯酸乙酯(13.8g,30.5mmol)溶于THF(70mL),搅拌下将特戊酰氯(3.3g,27.8mmol)滴加入反应瓶,在-5℃下反应5h。之后向反应瓶滴加化合物13(10.0g,23.2mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液80mL,滴加完毕后再在-5℃下反应3h,之后恢复至室温,反应完全,停止搅拌,进行后处理。向反应体系中加入NH4Cl(50mL)水溶液淬灭反应,搅拌10min,将反应液中的THF用真空旋转蒸发仪,再用CH2Cl2(50mL×3)萃取水相,合并有机相并旋干。得到的粗产品进行硅胶柱层析纯化。得到化合物14,白色固体粉末12.1g,产率76.0%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.56(s,1H),7.04(d,J=7.61Hz,1H),7.00-6.90(m,1H),5.73(dt,J=18.9Hz,9.6,2H),5.37(s,1H),5.27(dd,J=17.0,1.7Hz,1H),5.15-5.05(m,2H),5.02-4.87(m,2H),4.85-4.55(m,5H),4.35(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.24-3.98(m,3H),3.73(d,J=12.2Hz,1H),2.74(m,1H),2.48(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),2.35-2.20(m,2H),2.18-2.07(m,1H),2.06-1.93(m,3H),1.86(d,J=22.6Hz,1H),1.43(d,J=3.7Hz,3H),1.41-1.24(m,11H),1.24-1.10(m,4H)。
实施例26:中间化合物15的制备过程:
于100mL三口瓶中取制备的化合物14(5.0g,7.3mmol)溶于THF(30mL)。氮气保护下降温至-6~0℃之间,将10mL苯甲酰氯(1.3g,9.5mmol)的THF溶液滴加入反应瓶并保持温度反应2h。随后加入固体的叔丁醇锂(0.7g,9.5mmol),反应5h后TLC(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1)监测反应完全。停止搅拌,向反应体系中加入50mL碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭反应,搅拌10min,将反应液中的THF用真空旋转蒸发仪,再用CH2Cl2(50mL×3)萃取水相,合并有机相并旋干。得到的粗产品进行硅胶柱层析纯化。得到化合物15,白色固体粉末4.8g,产率83.0%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.75(s,2H),7.49(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.26(s,2H),7.08-6.89(m,2H),5.78(dd,J=16.8,10.1Hz,2H),5.39(s,1H),5.19(s,3H),5.03-4.85(m,3H),4.76(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.63(s,2H),4.36(s,1H),4.21(s,2H),4.04(s,1H),3.88(s,1H),2.37(s,3H),2.03(d,J=3.4Hz,2H),1.73(s,2H),1.62(s,2H),1.56(s,2H),1.35(d,J=3.4Hz,10H),1.32-1.23(m,5H),0.86(d,J=7.3Hz,1H)。
实施例27:Danoprevir中间体(16)使用催化剂zhan-1B作为催化剂的制备过程:
称取50mg中间体化合物(15),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取2.33mg(0.05equiv.)催化剂zhan-1B加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)34.7mg,收率72.0%。
实施例28:Danoprevir中间体(16)使用催化剂zhan-1B作为催化剂的制备过程:
称取50mg中间体化合物(15),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.23mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂zhan-1B加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)27.1mg,收率56.3%。
Danoprevir中间体(16)的核磁检测数据:
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.60(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.55-7.47(m,1H),7.43(dd,J=7.6Hz,3.4Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.06-6.89(m,2H),5.55(dd,J=18.5,7.9Hz,1H),5.39-5.23(m,2H),5.11(dd,J=21.9,8.0Hz,2H),4.73(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.68-4.49(m,2H),4.34(s,1H),4.24-4.13(m,3H),3.90(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.55(q,J=9.5Hz,1H),2.32(d,J=22.3Hz,2H),2.13(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.03(s,1H),1.79(s,1H),1.70-1.53(m,3H),1.53-1.35(m,4H),1.30(d,J=3.6Hz,9H),1.24(td,J=7.1,1.2Hz,5H)。
上述实施例27和实施例28作为对照实验,其由中间体化合物(15)→Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备采用的是与本发明的同类催化剂zhan1B,两例分别使用了两种不同用量的催化剂。以下实施例29~实施例34则是采用本发明的催化剂由中间体(15)制备Danoprevir中间体(16)。
实施例29:Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备(1):
称取50mg化合物(15),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.46mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)43.7mg,收率90.7%。
实施例30:Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备(2):
称取50mg化合物15,加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.47mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa2加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)42.6mg,收率88.3%。
实施例31:Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备(3):
称取50mg化合物15,加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.49mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa3加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)44.7mg,收率92.7%。
实施例32:Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备(4):
称取50mg化合物15,加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.46mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱba1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)43.4mg,收率90.0%。
实施例33:Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备(5)(放大底物的规模):
称取500mg化合物15,加入50mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取4.62mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)438.8mg,收率91.0%。
实施例34:Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备(6):
称取500mg化合物15,加入50mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取4.63mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱba1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末的Danoprevir中间体(16)439.3mg,收率91.1%。
上述的对比实验结果清楚显示,在用于Danoprevir中间体(16)的制备中,本发明的钌络合物催化剂与Zhan1B催化剂相比,催化分子内烯烃易位复分解的活性更高。
为了更好地评价本发明所述催化剂的活性和底物耐受性,选取烯烃中间体(15)的前体化合物(14)(氨基未被保护)直接进行分子内烯烃易位复分解反应制备Danoprevir中间体(17)。
Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备:
实施例35:Danoprevir中间体(17)使用H-G第二代催化剂的制备过程:
称取50mg化合物(14),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取1.05mg(0.025equiv.)催化剂H-G II催化剂加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)24.0mg,收率50.0%。
实施例36:Danoprevir中间体(17)使用H-G第二代催化剂的制备过程(降低了催化剂用量):
称取50mg化合物(14),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.21mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂H-G II催化剂加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)17.5mg,收率36.4%。
中间体(17)核磁:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)7.07-6.94(m,3H),5.51(s,1H),5.36(s,1H),5.24(t,J=9.1Hz,2H),4.84-4.50(m,10H),4.22-4.04(m,1H),2.17-2.01(m,4H),2.01-1.42(m,7H),1.34-1.26(d,J=2.8Hz,9H),1.24-1.21(t,J=6.9Hz,8H).
实施例37:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备过程(使用本发明的催化剂)
称取50mg化合物(14),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.53mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)43.3mg,收率90.2%。
实施例38:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备过程:
称取50mg化合物(14),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.55mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa2加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)41.5mg,收率86.5%。
实施例39:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备过程:
称取50mg化合物(14),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.57mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa3加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)41.1mg,收率92.0%。
实施例40:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备过程:
称取50mg化合物(14),加入5mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取0.53mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱba1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)43.0mg,收率89.7%。
实施例41:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备过程:(放大底物规模)
称取500mg化合物(14),加入50mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取5.32mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱaa1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)434.0mg,收率90.5%。
实施例42:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备过程:(放大底物规模)
称取500mg化合物(14),加入50mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取5.32mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂Ⅱba1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)434.4mg,收率90.6%。
上述制备Danoprevir中间体(17)实例的结果也清楚表明,本发明的钌络合物催化剂催化分子内烯烃易位复分解反应的底物适应性更强,与H-G第二代催化剂相比活性更胜一筹。
在实施例35和实施例36中并未回收到催化剂。
由于本发明的钌络合物催化剂具有更好的稳定性,为了进一步评价本发明的钌络合物催化剂的稳定性,下述的实施例显示了本发明的所述催化剂在循环催化分子内关环反应中的活性变化。
实施例43:Danoprevir中间体(17)的制备(催化剂的回收循环使用)
催化剂IIaa1的循环(第一次):
称取500mg上述化合物(14),加入50mL甲苯溶解。通入氮气常温搅拌20分钟,称取5.32mg(0.005equiv.)催化剂IIaa1加入到反应器中,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)434.0mg,收率90.5%,同时回收催化剂。
催化剂IIaa1的循环(第二次):
氮气保护下,将分离回收的催化剂及500mg底物使用50mL甲苯溶解,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)418.2mg,收率87.2%,同时回收催化剂。
催化剂IIaa1的循环(第三次):
氮气保护下,将再次分离回收的催化剂及500mg底物使用50mL甲苯溶解,升温至90℃,反应4小时,柱层析得到白色固体粉末Danoprevir中间体(17)413.0mg,收率86.1%。
上述的实施例表明了本发明的钌络合物催化剂能循环使用,且在循环时同样能具有较好的活性和稳定性。
以下实验可以表明本发明的钌络合物催化剂在聚合反应的烯烃易位复分解反应中的活性。以二聚环戊二烯(18)作为聚合单体,用钌络合物催化剂催化进行开环易位聚合反应制备聚环戊二烯(19)。
聚环戊二烯(19)的合成:
实施例44:
称取1.0g二聚环戊二烯(18)加入至反应瓶中,35℃下加入2mL甲苯搅拌溶解,氮气保护下,加入0.37mg(单体:催化剂=30000:1)催化剂IIaa1,升温至80℃搅拌60分钟,加入甲醇析出聚合物,过滤,将聚合物粉碎,置于真空干燥箱中110℃干燥24小时,转化率96.7%。
实施例45:
称取1.0g二聚环戊二烯(18)加入至反应瓶中,35℃下加入19mL甲苯搅拌溶解,氮气保护下,加入0.38mg(单体:催化剂=30000:1)催化剂IIaa2,升温至60℃搅拌60分钟,加入甲醇析出聚合物,过滤,将聚合物粉碎,置于真空干燥箱中110℃干燥24小时,转化率97.5%。
实施例46:
称取1.0g二聚环戊二烯(18)加入至反应瓶中,35℃下加入19mL甲苯搅拌溶解,氮气保护下,加入0.40mg(单体:催化剂=30000:1)催化剂IIaa3,升温至60℃搅拌60分钟,加入甲醇析出聚合物,过滤,将聚合物粉碎,置于真空干燥箱中110℃干燥24小时,转化率97.7%。
实施例47:
称取1.0g二聚环戊二烯(18)加入至反应瓶中,35℃下加入19mL甲苯搅拌溶解,氮气保护下,加入0.37mg(单体:催化剂=30000:1)催化剂IIba1,升温至60℃搅拌60分钟,加入甲醇析出聚合物,过滤,将聚合物粉碎,置于真空干燥箱中110℃干燥24小时,转化率96.9%。
实施例48:
称取5.0g二聚环戊二烯(18)加入至反应瓶中,35℃下加入10mL甲苯搅拌溶解,氮气保护下,加入1.84mg(单体:催化剂=30000:1)催化剂IIaa1,升温至80℃搅拌60分钟,加入甲醇析出聚合物,过滤,将聚合物粉碎,置于真空干燥箱中110℃干燥24小时,转化率96.4%。
上述的对比实验结果已表明,本发明的钌络合物催化剂不仅可与目前同类的H-G第二代催化剂、Zhan催化剂等具有同样的应用领域,而且在催化烯烃易位复分解反应中还显示了能具有显著更为优越的活性,包括分子内烯烃易位复分解反应,分子间烯烃易位复分解或聚合反应的烯烃易位复分解反应。
Claims (11)
2.根据权利要求1所述的氮杂环卡宾配体,其特征在于:所述的式Ia和/或Ib中,R3、R4各自独立地选自C6-C20芳基。
4.具有权利要求1至3之一所述氮杂环卡宾配体的钌络合物催化剂,其特征是结构分别如式Ⅱa和Ⅱb所示:
式中:R1、R2、R5、R6各自独立地选自C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基;
R3、R4各自独立地选自取代或无取代的C6-C20芳基,其中所述取代的基团为至少一个的C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、羟基、醛基、硝基、羧基、碳酸酯基、异氰酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯基或卤素;
R7为H、C1-C15烷基、C1-C15烷氧基、C1-C15硫醚基、C1-C15硅烷基、C1-C15硅氧基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基、C1-C15磺酰胺基;
R8为选自H、F、Cl、Br、硝基、腈基、甲醛基、C1-C15氨基磺酰基、氨基羰基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基或C1-C15磺酰胺基;
X1和X2为Cl或RCOO-,其中的R为C1-C20的烷基;
Y为氧、硫、氮或磷。
5.根据权利要求4所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述式Ⅱa和/或Ⅱb中的X1和/或X2为氯,Y为氧。
6.根据权利要求4所述的氮杂环卡宾钌络合物催化剂,其特征在于所述式Ⅱa和/或Ⅱb中的R7为异丙基或异丁基。
9.权利要求4至6之一具有氮杂环卡宾配体的钌络合物催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:按下述方式之一进行:
方式1:
方式2:
式中:R7为H、C1-C15烷基、C1-C15烷氧基、C1-C15硫醚基、C1-C15硅烷基、C1-C15硅氧基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基、C1-C15磺酰胺基;
R8为选自H、F、Cl、Br、硝基、腈基、甲醛基、C1-C15氨基磺酰基、氨基羰基、C1-C15酯基、C1-C15酰胺基、C1-C15脲基或C1-C15磺酰胺基;
R9,R10独立为丁基,环己基或者苯基;
X1和X2为Cl或RCOO-,其中的R为C1-C20的烷基;
Y为氧、硫、氮或磷。
10.权利要求4至7之一具有氮杂环卡宾配体的钌络合物催化剂在分子内关环的烯烃易位复分解反应、分子间的交叉烯烃易位复分解反应或聚合反应中的烯烃易位复分解反应中的应用。
11.权利要求4至7之一具有氮杂环卡宾配体的钌络合物催化剂在烯烃易位复分解反应中的应用。
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