CN110035889B - 层叠体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
层叠体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110035889B CN110035889B CN201780075162.3A CN201780075162A CN110035889B CN 110035889 B CN110035889 B CN 110035889B CN 201780075162 A CN201780075162 A CN 201780075162A CN 110035889 B CN110035889 B CN 110035889B
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- thermoplastic resin
- resin layer
- layer
- backing member
- laminate
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Images
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供即使缝制了热塑性树脂层,也能够抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体。本发明的层叠体具有由胶带形成的衬里构件、配置在上述衬里构件的厚度方向一侧的热塑性树脂层和配置在上述衬里构件的厚度方向另一侧的发泡聚氨酯层,并且上述胶带具有位于上述发泡聚氨酯层侧的多孔基材和位于上述热塑性树脂层侧的粘结层,上述层叠体为上述热塑性树脂层与上述衬里构件一体化缝制而成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有热塑性树脂层、由胶带形成的衬里构件、及发泡聚氨酯层的层叠体以及该层叠体的制造方法。
背景技术
将聚氨酯层的发泡体内衬于由热塑性树脂层形成的表皮而成的层叠体作为用于例如汽车仪表板和车门饰件等汽车内装饰部件的汽车内装饰材料而被广泛地使用。而且,为了提高设计性和商品性,有时会对这样的层叠体的表皮实施基于缝制的线迹图案。
在此,当将聚氨酯层的发泡体内衬于实施了基于缝制的线迹图案的热塑性树脂层时,会有聚氨酯层的成分通过针脚而在由热塑性树脂层形成的表皮上漏出的问题。
对于这样的问题,例如在专利文献1中,在缝制热塑性树脂材料时,用加热装置使预先在热塑性树脂材料中留出间隔而设定的缝制处熔融,沿着熔融状态的缝制处进行缝制。而且,在专利文献1中,对热塑性树脂材料的缝制处吹送冷介质、或将热塑性树脂材料运送到冷却装置中使缝制处固化,由此将缝制线与热塑性树脂材料一体化,防止树脂的泄漏。
此外,在专利文献2中,在将线缝于表皮材料后,从里侧沿着针脚涂敷粘贴密封用胶带的粘接剂,并使其干燥而进行交联固化处理,或从内侧加热针脚将树脂系的线熔解而进行目的性的阻塞等手法,由此防止发泡剂等从线的针脚泄漏。
进而,在专利文献3中,通过在表皮的缝制部分层叠胶带,从而防止发泡聚氨酯层的原料等从缝制部分的孔进入。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-19060号公报;
专利文献2:日本特开平3-1938号公报;
专利文献3:国际公开第2016/147637号。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,进行加热处理和交联固化处理等的专利文献1~2中记载的现有的方法的操作性差。此外,本发明人进行了反复研究,发现在从被缝制了的表皮的里面粘贴胶带的专利文献2~3中记载的现有的方法中,有时发泡聚氨酯层的成分在被缝制了的热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出,因此还有进一步改善的余地。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供即使缝制有热塑性树脂层,也能够抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体。
此外,本发明的目的还在于提供即使缝制有热塑性树脂层、也可通过简单的手法良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体的制造方法。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人以解决上述问题为目的而进行了深入研究。然后,本发明人发现,如果将热塑性树脂层与由具有配置于规定的位置的多孔基材和粘结层的胶带形成的衬里构件一起进行一体化缝制,则可得到在将发泡聚氨酯进行内衬时发泡聚氨酯层的成分不易在被缝制的热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的目的在于有利的解决上述问题,本发明的层叠体的特征在于,具有由胶带形成的衬里构件、配置在上述衬里构件的厚度方向一侧的热塑性树脂层和配置在上述衬里构件的厚度方向另一侧的发泡聚氨酯层,上述胶带具有位于上述发泡聚氨酯层侧的多孔基材和位于上述热塑性树脂层侧的粘结层上述层叠体是将上述热塑性树脂层与上述衬里构件进行一体化缝制而成的。如果将热塑性树脂层与由规定的胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制,则即使是缝制有热塑性树脂层的层叠体也能够良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
在此,本发明的层叠体优选上述多孔基材为无纺布。这是因为,如果构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材为无纺布,则即使是缝制有热塑性树脂层的层叠体也能够进一步抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
此外,本发明的树脂层优选上述多孔基材的每单位面积的质量(单位面积质量)为20g/m2以上。这是因为,如果构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材的单位面积质量为上述下限以上,则即使是缝制有热塑性树脂层的层叠体也能够进一步抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
此外,本发明的层叠体优选上述粘结层具有多孔质结构。这是因为,如果构成衬里构件的胶带具有的粘结层具有多孔质结构,则即使是缝制有热塑性树脂层的层叠体也能够进一步抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
此外,本发明的层叠体优选为汽车内装饰部件。这是因为,如果将本发明的层叠体用于制造例如汽车仪表板和车门饰件等汽车内装饰部件,则可得到设计性和商品性优异的汽车内装饰部件。
而且,本发明的层叠体优选上述热塑性树脂层为氯乙烯树脂层。这是因为,如果热塑性树脂层为氯乙烯树脂层,则能够在制造例如汽车仪表板和车门饰件等汽车内装饰部件时,更优选地使用本发明的层叠体。
此外,本发明的目的在于有利地解决上述问题,本发明的层叠体的制造方法的特征在于,是具有热塑性树脂层、由具有多孔基材和粘结层的胶带形成的衬里构件以及发泡聚氨酯层的层叠体的制造方法,具有以下工序:将上述热塑性树脂层与上述衬里构件以上述粘结层位于上述热塑性树脂层侧的方式进行一体化缝制,从而得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序;以及从上述带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的多孔基材侧内衬上述发泡聚氨酯层而得到层叠体的工序。像这样进行,首先,如果将热塑性树脂层和由规定的胶带形成的衬里构件以成为规定的位置关系的方式进行一体化缝制,然后如果将发泡聚氨酯层进行内衬,则能够通过简单的手法而良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
发明效果
根据本发明能够提供即使缝制有热塑性树脂层,也可抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体。
此外,根据本发明还能够提供即使缝制有热塑性树脂层,也可通过简单的手法良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体的制造方法。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的层叠体的平面图。
图2为本发明的制造方法中所使用的带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的仰视图。
图3为根据本发明的层叠体的缝制处的局部扩大剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图详细说明本发明的实施方式。另外,在各图中,赋予相同符号的表示相同的结构要素。此外,本发明并不限于以下所示的实施方式。
(层叠体)
本发明的层叠体具有由具有规定结构的胶带形成的衬里构件、配置在该衬里构件的厚度方向一侧的热塑性树脂层和配置在该衬里构件的厚度方向另一侧的发泡聚氨酯层,且需要将热塑性树脂层和衬里构件进行一体化缝制。如果由具有规定结构的胶带形成的衬里构件和热塑性树脂层不进行一体化缝制,则不能充分地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在被缝制加工了的热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。而且,在本发明的层叠体中,通过采用上述构成,从而对热塑性树脂层的表面实施缝制并且防止发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该表面上漏出。因此,本发明的层叠体能够优选用作用于制造例如汽车内装饰部件用、特别是实施线迹装饰而提高设计性和商品性的汽车仪表板和车门饰件等汽车内装饰部件的汽车内装饰构件。
<热塑性树脂层>
热塑性树脂层在本发明的层叠体中配置在衬里构件的厚度方向一侧,更具体而言,配置在构成衬里构件的胶带具有的粘接层侧。而且,热塑性树脂层通常形成层叠体的最表面层,能够优选用作例如汽车仪表板和车门饰件等汽车内装饰部件的表皮。
热塑性树脂层通常包含热塑性树脂,还可以进一步包含增塑剂和添加剂。其中,从赋予热塑性树脂层良好的柔软性的观点出发,热塑性树脂层优选并用热塑性树脂和增塑剂。
另外,在本发明中,热塑性树脂层通常为具有片状结构的热塑性树脂成型片,优选为非发泡的热塑性树脂成型片。在此,在本说明书中,“片状结构”是指成型为例如不具有纺织品结构和后述的无纺结构等特殊的加工结构的片状的结构。
<<热塑性树脂>>
在此,作为热塑性树脂没有特别限定,可举出:丙烯树脂、有机硅树脂、氟树脂、氯乙烯树脂、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚缩醛、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯腈、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物(腈橡胶)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS树脂)、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物或其加氢物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物或其加氢物、聚苯醚、改性聚苯醚、脂肪族聚酰胺类、芳香族聚酰胺类、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、聚苯硫醚、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚腈、聚醚酮、聚酮、液晶聚合物、离聚物等。这些可以单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。
[氯乙烯树脂]
在上述这些中,作为热塑性树脂优选氯乙烯树脂。这是因为,通常氯乙烯树脂加工性优异,因此如果热塑性树脂层包含氯乙烯树脂,则易于得到可优选地用作例如装饰性优异的汽车内装饰部件的表皮的热塑性树脂层。
[含有比例]
热塑性树脂层中包含的热塑性树脂的含有比例没有特别限定,能够设为例如30质量%以上且能够设为70质量%以下。
<<增塑剂>>
此外,作为热塑性树脂层可包含的增塑剂,没有特别限定,可举出邻苯二甲酸系、偏苯三酸系、均苯四甲酸系、己二酸系、壬二酸系、癸二酸系、马来酸系、富马酸系、柠檬酸系、衣康酸系、油酸系、蓖麻油酸系、硬脂酸系、磷酸系、乙二醇系、丙三醇系、环氧系等增塑剂。其中,增塑剂优选例如偏苯三酸酯等偏苯三酸系和均苯四甲酸酯等均苯四甲酸系,更优选偏苯三酸三烷基酯(其中,偏苯三酸三烷基酯具有的烷基的碳原子数在一分子中可以彼此相同也可以不同。)。如果使用偏苯三酸系和均苯四甲酸系的增塑剂,则能够进一步提高热塑性树脂层和可用于形成热塑性树脂层的热塑性树脂组合物的柔软性和加工性。因此可进一步良好地得到可优选用作例如装饰性优异的汽车内装饰部件的表皮的热塑性树脂层。
[含有比例]
在此,热塑性树脂层中可包含的增塑剂的含有比例没有特别限定,能够设为例如30质量%以上且能够设为70质量%以下。
<<添加剂>>
作为热塑性树脂层可进一步包含的添加剂,没有特别限定,能够以相同的含有比例使用例如硅油等表面改性剂、与专利文献3中记载的成分相同的添加剂。
<<形成方法>>
而且,热塑性树脂层能够通过例如将含有上述成分的热塑性树脂组合物以任意的方法成型而形成,优选通过粉体成型而形成,更优选通过粉末搪塑成型而形成。
在此,上述热塑性树脂组合物可以用任意的方法将上述成分混合而制备,也可以使用市售品。
作为混合方法,没有特别限定,能够举出例如将除隔离剂以外的成分通过干混而混合、然后添加隔离剂并进行混合的方法。在此,在干混中优选使用亨舍尔(Henschel)混合器。此外,干混时的温度没有特别限定,优选50℃以上,更优选70℃以上,优选200℃以下。
此外,例如粉末搪塑成型没有特别限定,能够使用以下的方法。即,将热塑性树脂组合物撒在加热到任意温度范围的金属模具,放置5秒以上且30秒以下后,抖落剩余的热塑性树脂组合物,进而,在任意的温度下放置30秒以上且3分钟以下。然后,将金属模具冷却到10℃以上且60℃以下,从金属模具上将得到的热塑性树脂层进行脱模。然后,经脱模了的热塑性树脂层可作为例如仿照金属模具的形状和模样的片状的成型体而得到。
在此,成型时加热的金属模具温度没有特别限定,优选设为200℃以上,更优选设为220℃以上,优选设为300℃以下,更优选设为280℃以下。
<衬里构件>
本发明的层叠体具有的衬里构件仅由胶带形成,且在该衬里构件的厚度方向,一侧配置了热塑性树脂且另一侧配置了发泡聚氨酯层。此外,衬里构件在本发明的层叠体中需要与热塑性树脂层一体化缝制。通过将热塑性树脂层与由胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制,从而衬里构件在本发明的层叠体中承担着如下作用:良好地防止发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
<<胶带>>
构成衬里构件的胶带在本发明的层叠体中具有后述的位于发泡聚氨酯层侧的多孔基材和位于上述热塑性树脂层侧的粘结层。在此,胶带具有的多孔基材可以仅由单个的多孔基材形成,也可以层叠多个基材。此外,胶带具有的粘结层可以仅由单个的粘结层形成,也可以层叠多个层。进而,作为胶带,可以是以多孔基材位于规定的厚度方向的一边且粘结层位于另一边的方式,将多孔基材与粘结层交替层叠多个而成的胶带。
在此,在本发明中,“多孔基材”由可形成多孔质结构的任意的组成形成,“粘结层”由可发挥粘结功能的任意的组成形成。
[多孔基材]
作为多孔基材没有特别限定,可举出例如无纺布、发泡体,其中优选无纺布。这是因为,如果多孔基材为无纺布,虽然理由不明确,但能够在层叠体中更良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
另外,在本发明中,“无纺布”具有纤维彼此保持任意的方向性或在随机方向结合而成的无纺结构。
以下,对多孔基材为无纺布的情况进行说明,但本发明不限于这一个例子。
[[无纺布]]
-纤维的组成-
在此,作为构成无纺布的纤维,只要是可形成上述无纺结构的纤维则没有特别限定,可举出包含聚酰胺系树脂的纤维、包含聚芳酰胺系树脂的纤维、包含聚酯系树脂的纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、纤维素、棉、麻、羊毛、绢等有机纤维;玻璃纤维、碳纤维、氧化铝纤维、钨纤维、钼纤维、钛纤维、钢纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维、二氧化硅纤维等无机纤维等。此外,构成无纺布的纤维可使用1种或2种以上纤维。在上述中,作为构成无纺布的纤维,优选有机纤维,更优选包含聚酯系树脂的纤维和聚丙烯纤维。这是因为,通常,作为多元羧酸与聚醇的缩聚物的聚酯系树脂具有极性基,因此如果通过无纺布由包含聚酯系树脂的纤维形成而使衬里构件包含聚酯系树脂,则可在层叠体中使由具有作为多孔基材的无纺布的胶带形成的衬里构件与后述的发泡聚氨酯层良好地密合,良好地抑制层间剥离。此外还因为,如果通过无纺布由聚丙烯纤维形成而使衬里构件包含聚丙烯树脂,则胶带的强度进一步提高,能够将由胶带形成的衬里构件更优选地用于缝制加工。
进而,作为构成无纺布的纤维的组成可优选地举出的聚酯系树脂有例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸亚丙基酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯。
[[单位面积质量]]
多孔基材每单位面积的质量(单位面积质量)优选为20g/m2以上,更优选为30g/m2以上,进一步优选为40g/m2以上,更进一步优选为50g/m2以上,更进一步优选为70g/m2以上,优选为300g/m2以下,更优选为200g/m2以下。这是因为,如果构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材的单位面积质量为上述下限以上,则与多孔基材接触的发泡聚氨酯层的成分更不易渗透到衬里构件内。此外还因为,如果多孔基材的单位面积质量为上述上限以下,则能够良好地维持缝制加工的操作性,也能够降低成本。
[[形成方法]]
而且,多孔基材能够通过例如以下方法而得到无纺布并由此来形成:形成薄的较短纤维的干式法;进而将短纤维与水混合、像造纸一样进行抄纸而形成的湿式法;将溶解上述树脂等而制成线状的纤维彼此进行结合而扩展变薄的手法(纺粘法);在比上述纺粘法更高温的环境下使纤维进一步微细化的手法(熔喷法);进而,上述纺粘法和熔喷法的组合(例如,通过使纺粘法/熔喷法/纺粘法层叠从而形成低密度层/高密度层/低密度层的3层结构的SMS法)等。
在此,纤维彼此的结合能够通过例如下述手法进行:(a)利用作为粘接剂的树脂的化学性粘接(Chemical bond或Resin bond)、(b)利用加热的融接(Thermal bond)、(c)利用带钩的针的机械性的缠绕(Needle punch)、(d)利用高压水流的喷流的缠绕(水流交织或Span lace)、(e)面内扩展的纤维的缝合(Stitch bond)等。
[粘结层]
作为粘结层,只要是发挥粘结功能的粘结层则没有特别限定,优选具有多孔质结构。这是因为,如果粘结层具有多孔质结构,虽然理由不明确,但在层叠体中能够进一步良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
[[粘结剂的组成]]
在此,作为形成粘结层的粘结剂的组成,可举出例如橡胶系粘结剂(合成橡胶系粘结剂、天然橡胶系粘结剂等)、聚氨酯系粘结剂(可举出丙烯酰基聚氨酯系粘结剂等,优选为非发泡的)、聚烯烃系粘结剂(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)等)、丙烯酸系粘结剂、聚酯系粘结剂、聚酰胺系粘结剂、环氧系粘结剂、乙烯基烷基醚系粘结剂、氟系粘结剂、有机硅系粘结剂等。其中,从高粘结性和低成本的观点出发,优选橡胶系粘结剂、丙烯酸系粘结剂和聚氨酯系粘结剂,更优选橡胶系粘结剂和丙烯酸系粘结剂。这些粘结剂可以单独使用,也可以组合2种以上使用。
更详细而言,作为橡胶系粘结剂,可举出例如将天然橡胶和各种合成橡胶作为基础聚合物的橡胶系粘结剂。作为上述合成橡胶,可举出例如苯乙烯-丁二烯(SB)橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯(SI)橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)嵌段共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)嵌段共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯(SEPS)嵌段共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丙烯-苯乙烯(SIPS)嵌段共聚物橡胶、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯(SEP)嵌段共聚物橡胶等苯乙烯系橡胶(也称为苯乙烯系弹性体。);聚异戊二烯橡胶;再生橡胶;丁基橡胶;聚异丁烯以及它们的改性体等。其中,作为橡胶系粘结剂,优选苯乙烯系橡胶(苯乙烯系弹性体),更优选SIS嵌段共聚物橡胶和SBS嵌段共聚物橡胶。另外,上述橡胶系粘结剂的基础聚合物可以单独使用,也可以混合使用2种以上。
此外,作为丙烯酸系粘结剂,可举出包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体单元的聚合物,优选由(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体单元形成的聚合物。另外,在本发明中,“(甲基)丙烯酰基”的含义是丙烯酰基和/或甲基丙烯酰基。
[[单位面积质量]]
粘结层的每单位面积的质量(单位面积质量)优选为5g/m2以上,更优选为10g/m2以上,进一步优选为20g/m2以上,优选为100g/m2以下,更优选为80g/m2以下。这是因为如果粘结层的单位面积质量为上述下限以上,则发泡聚氨酯层的成分更不易渗透到由具有该粘结层的胶带形成的衬里构件内。此外还因为,如果粘结层的单位面积质量为上述上限以下,则能够良好地维持缝制加工的操作性,也能够降低成本。
[胶带的单位面积质量]
而且,胶带的每单位面积的质量(单位面积质量)优选为40g/m2以上,更优选为60g/m2以上,进一步优选为70g/m2以上,更进一步优选为80g/m2以上,更进一步优选为90g/m2以上,优选为300g/m2以下,更优选为200g/m2以下。这是因为,如果胶带的单位面积质量为上述下限以上,则发泡聚氨酯层的成分更不易渗透到衬里构件内。此外还因为,如果胶带的单位面积质量为上述上限以下,则能够良好地维持缝制加工的操作性,也能够降低成本。
<发泡聚氨酯层>
此外,本发明的层叠体具有的发泡聚氨酯层为由聚氨酯形成的发泡成型体,配置在由上述胶带形成的衬里构件的厚度方向中与配置热塑性树脂层的一侧不同的一侧。更具体而言,本发明的层叠体具有的发泡聚氨酯层层叠于上述构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材侧,发挥着对粘贴有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层进行内衬的作用。
在此,发泡聚氨酯层没有特别限定,能够按照例如后述的层叠体的形成方法而得到。
另外,例如在将发泡聚氨酯层的密度设为0.2g/cm3以上这样高的密度而进行内衬的情况下,能够使层叠体的强度良好,但另一方面,在内衬发泡聚氨酯层时,发泡聚氨酯层的成分有可能易于在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。然而,在本发明的层叠体中,由于将热塑性树脂层和规定的衬里构件进行一体化缝制,因此即使以较高密度使聚氨酯发泡,也能够良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
<层叠体的形成方法>
层叠体的层叠方法没有特别限定,能够例如如图1~3所示那样,使用以下的方法。
即,首先,从实施上述热塑性树脂层2的缝制加工的部分的背面将由上述胶带形成的衬里构件4以热塑性树脂层2的背面与粘结层42相接的方式进行层叠(衬里)。接着,使用任意的缝制方法将该热塑性树脂层2和衬里构件4以一体化进行缝制,由此,得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11。接着,在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11的衬里构件4侧,使作为发泡聚氨酯的原料的异氰酸酯类和多元醇类等反应而进行聚合,并且通过公知的方法进行聚氨酯的发泡,由此在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11的背面(衬里构件4侧)上直接形成发泡聚氨酯层5。像这样进行,形成具有热塑性树脂层2、由胶带形成的衬里构件4和发泡聚氨酯层5的层叠体1。而且,通常,热塑性树脂层2成为表皮2。
另外,发泡聚氨酯层5的形成可以在开放于大气的开放式模具中进行,也可以在密闭空间内的密闭式模具中进行。
在此,在密闭式模具中进行发泡聚氨酯层的形成的情况下或即使在开放式模具中,但在提高聚氨酯的密度进行发泡的情况下,通常由于施加较高的发泡压力,因此发泡聚氨酯层的成分有可能在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。然而,本发明的层叠体由于是将热塑性树脂层和由胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制而成的,因此认为即使在较高压环境下形成发泡聚氨酯层的情况下,也可良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。
<缝制方法>
缝制方法只要是在层叠体中能够将热塑性树脂层和由胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制则没有特别限定,通常在形成上述发泡聚氨酯层之前进行。此外,作为缝制方法,可以使用任意的线沿着一个方向缝线,也可以例如如图1~3所示那样,使用上线31和下线32,从带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11的表面和背面的两个方向进行缝线。此外,缝制可以以手工操作(手工缝制)进行,但从容易地选择各种缝制方法的观点出发,优选使用缝纫机等缝纫设备。
另外,在本说明书中,在使用缝纫机的情况下,“上线”通常是指通过缝纫机针的线,“下线”通常是指卷绕在梭心上使用,穿过用上线制作的环中,或钩在上线上形成针脚的线。
而且,例如,在使用缝纫机的情况下的缝制如果按照JIS B9003:1999,则可以是锁式线迹(上线与下线缠绕构成针脚),也可以是单链式线迹(一根线缠绕成链状而构成针脚)。进而,在使用缝纫机的情况下的缝制可以是双链式线迹、细点针绣线迹(pinpointstitch)等其他缝制方法。进而,线迹也可以根据期望的设计从直形线迹、曲形线迹、点线状模样线迹、双针线迹、三针线迹、循环线迹(cycle stitch)、缎纹线迹(stain stitch)、暗缝线迹、扇贝线迹(scallop stitch)等中适当选择。
在此,从进一步防止发泡聚氨酯层5的成分通过热塑性树脂层2中产生的缝孔在热塑性树脂层2的表面上漏出的观点出发,虽然理由尚不明确但一体化缝制优选如图1~3所示那样使用上线31和下线32进行。此外,更优选如图1所示那样上线31在热塑性树脂层2的表面上露出,且下线32未在热塑性树脂层2的表面上露出(如图2所示那样,可以在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11的背面上露出)。这是因为,如果使用上线和下线,则例如如图3所示那样,一边用上线31提起下线32一边进行一体化缝制,意外可进一步抑制发泡聚氨酯层5的成分从针脚漏出。
[线]
作为用于一体化缝制的线,只要能够将热塑性树脂层和由胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制则没有特别限定,可举出例如棉线、毛线等将短纤维进行纺织的线;生丝、合成纤维线等由长纤维形成的线。其中,优选合成纤维,更优选由聚酯系树脂形成的线。这是因为由聚酯系树脂形成的线通常耐久性和通用性高,能够更良好地进行热塑性树脂层和衬里构件的一体化缝制。
此外,线的直径(粗度)可以按照期望的设计适当选择。
[针]
此外,用于一体化缝制的针只要使用缝纫机针等通常的针即可,从减小由于缝制而在热塑性树脂层中的针脚周围产生的缝隙而进一步抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分的漏出的观点出发,针的直径(粗度)优选设为与线的直径接近的尺寸。
(层叠体的制造方法)
本发明的层叠体的制造方法的特征在于,是具有热塑性树脂层、由具有多孔基材和粘结层的胶带形成的衬里构件、以及发泡聚氨酯层的层叠体的制造方法,其具有以下工序:得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序;以及将发泡聚氨酯层内衬于该带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层而得到层叠体的工序。此外,本发明的层叠体的制造方法除上述得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序和得到层叠体的工序之外,还可以进一步具有例如准备热塑性树脂层和由胶带形成的衬里构件的工序等其他工序。而且,在本发明的制造方法中,将热塑性树脂层和由规定的胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制而制造层叠体,因此,在例如内衬发泡聚氨酯层时,能够充分地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在被缝制加工了的热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出。因此,根据本发明的制造方法而得到的层叠体能够优选地用作用于制造例如汽车内装饰部件用、特别是实施线迹装饰而提高设计性和商品性的汽车仪表板和车门饰件等的汽车内装饰构件。
<得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序>
对于得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序,在图2~3中示例说明。在得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序中,将热塑性树脂层2和由胶带形成的衬里构件4以粘结层42位于热塑性树脂层2侧的方式进行一体化缝制而得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11。在此,作为热塑性树脂层2和由胶带形成的衬里构件4,能够采用与关于层叠体所述的相同的组成、性状和含有比例等。此外,一体化缝制的方法也能够采用与关于层叠体所述的相同的缝制方法
而且,得到的带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层能够在后面详述的得到层叠体的工序中使用。
<得到层叠体的工序>
在得到层叠体的工序中,在上述工序中得到的带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层11的衬里构件4侧内衬发泡聚氨酯层5而得到层叠体1。在此,作为发泡聚氨酯层5的形成方法和层叠体1的形成方法,能够采用与关于层叠体所述的相同的方法。
<其他工序>
此外,本发明的层叠体的制造方法可以在例如上述的得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序之前,进一步具有准备热塑性树脂层的工序、准备由胶带形成的衬里构件的工序等其他工序。
<<准备热塑性树脂层的工序>>
在此,在准备热塑性树脂层的工序中,可以使用例如市售的热塑性树脂层,也可以使用与关于层叠体所述的相同的形成方法,使用热塑性树脂组合物形成热塑性树脂层。
作为一个例子,作为用于形成热塑性树脂层的热塑性树脂组合物可包含的氯乙烯树脂,能够含有例如1种或2种以上氯乙烯树脂粒子,还能够进一步任意地含有1种或2种以上氯乙烯树脂微粒。其中,氯乙烯树脂优选至少含有氯乙烯树脂粒子,更优选含有氯乙烯树脂粒子和氯乙烯树脂微粒。在此,通常该氯乙烯树脂粒子作为热塑性树脂层的基材发挥功能,该氯乙烯树脂微粒作为隔离剂(粉体流动性改良剂)发挥功能。
另外,在本发明中,“树脂粒子”是指粒径为30μm以上的粒子,“树脂微粒”是指粒径小于30μm的粒子。
<<准备衬里构件的工序>>
此外,在准备由胶带形成的衬里构件的工序中,可以使用市售的胶带,也可以使用与关于层叠体所述的相同的形成方法形成例如作为多孔基材的无纺布以及粘结层。
实施例
以下基于实施例具体说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。另外,在以下说明中,只要没有特别说明,表示量的“%”和“份”为质量基准。
而且,发泡聚氨酯层的成分向热塑性树脂层的表面上的泄漏率按照下述方法测定。
<发泡聚氨酯层的成分的泄漏率>
目视观察得到的层叠体中的热塑性树脂层(表皮)的状态。具体而言,计数对该热塑性树脂层的表面实施的总线迹数ST=50个中发泡聚氨酯层的成分漏出的部位的线迹数SL(个)。然后根据发泡聚氨酯层的成分的泄漏率(%)=(SL/ST)×100,计算发泡聚氨酯层的成分向热塑性树脂层的表面上的漏出的程度。
(实施例1)
<热塑性树脂组合物的制备>
将表1所示的热塑性树脂层的配合成分中除了增塑剂和隔离剂以外的成分加入到亨舍尔混合器中进行混合。然后,在混合物的温度上升到80℃的时刻添加全部增塑剂,进一步升温,由此使其干透(是指增塑剂被粒子状的热塑性树脂吸收,上述混合物成为干爽的状态。)。然后,在干透了的混合物冷却到温度100℃以下的时刻添加隔离剂,由此制备作为热塑性树脂组合物的粉体成型用氯乙烯树脂组合物。
<热塑性树脂层的形成>
将上述得到的热塑性树脂组合物撒于加热到温度250℃的带有纹理的金属模具,放置8秒~20秒左右的任意的时间,使其熔融后,抖落剩余的热塑性树脂组合物。然后,将撒了上述热塑性树脂组合物的带有纹理的金属模具静置在设定为温度200℃的烘箱内,在从静置起经过60秒的时刻,用水冷却该带有纹理的金属模具。在金属模具温度冷却到40℃的时刻,将作为热塑性树脂层的尺寸为长150mm×宽200mm×厚1mm的氯乙烯树脂片从金属模具脱模。
<带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成>
如图2所示那样,在上述得到的热塑性树脂层的背面(不与金属模型直接接触,未实施纹理图案的面)粘贴1张作为衬里构件的裁断成长70mm×宽25mm的胶带(NITTOLIFETEC CORPORATION制)。即,将构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数设为1。此时,被粘贴的胶带具有的粘结层与热塑性树脂层接触,该胶带具有的多孔基材不与热塑性树脂层接触,位于外侧。然后,在粘贴了由胶带形成的衬里构件的状态下,将热塑性树脂层和衬里构件进行一体化缝制,由此得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层。在此,缝制中使用缝纫机(JUKI CORPORATION制,产品编号“LU-2860-7”)、缝纫机针(Organ NeedleCo.,Ltd社制,产品编号“DPx 17S”)和线(ONUKI LIMITED制、商品名“Ace Crown车辆用”、聚酯系树脂、产品编号:上线“#5”,下线“#8”)。此外,线迹以间隔:3针/cm、速度:3.3针/秒、具有8mm的距离,略平行地实施2根25个线迹(即,总线迹数=25个×2根=50个。)。
另外,使用的胶带的性状如下所述,这些值为商品物性值。
多孔基材
原材料:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯无纺布(纺粘法)
单位面积质量:25g/m2
粘结层
原材料:具有多孔质结构的丙烯酸系粘结剂
单位面积质量:30g/m2
构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数:1
构成衬里构件的胶带的单位面积质量:55g/m2
<层叠体的形成>
将上述所得的带有无纺布的热塑性树脂层以热塑性树脂层的表面(实施了纹理图案的表皮面)朝下的方式,铺垫在长200mm×宽300mm×厚10mm的金属模具中。
另外将50份丙二醇的PO(环氧丙烷)·EO(环氧乙烷)嵌段加成物(羟值28、末端EO单元的含量=10%、内部EO单元的含量为4%)、50份甘油的PO·EO嵌段加成物(羟值21、末端EO单元的含量=14%),2.5份水,0.2份三乙二胺的乙二醇溶液(Tosoh社制,商品名“TEDA-L33”)、1.2份三乙醇胺、0.5份三乙胺和0.5份整泡剂(信越化学工业制,商品名“F-122”)进行混合,得到多元醇混合物。此外,将得到的多元醇混合物与聚亚甲基聚亚苯基聚异氰酸酯(聚合MDI)以指数为98的比率进行混合,制备混合液。然后,从如上所述铺垫在金属模具内的带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的多孔基材侧的上方注入制备的混合液。然后,用348mm×255mm×10mm的铝板盖在上述金属模具上,将金属模具进行密闭。密闭金属模具后放置5分钟,由此,在金属模具内形成了将发泡聚氨酯层(厚度:9mm,密度:0.2g/cm3)内衬于带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的层叠体。
然后,从金属模具中取出形成的层叠体,根据上述方法计算发泡聚氨酯层的成分的泄漏率。结果如表1所示。
(实施例2)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,将胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数变更为2,将由胶带形成的衬里构件的单位面积质量设为110g/m2,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层、带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
另外,衬里构件由按照多孔基材/粘结层/多孔基材/粘结层的顺序交替层叠多孔基材和粘结层而成的胶带形成。
(实施例3)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,将胶带变更为以下所示的性状的胶带,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层、带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
多孔基材
原材料:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯无纺布(纺粘法)
单位面积质量:50g/m2
粘结层
原材料:具有多孔质结构的丙烯酸系粘结剂
单位面积质量:20g/m2
构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数:1
构成衬里构件的胶带的单位面积质量:70g/m2
(实施例4)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,将胶带变更为以下所示的性状的胶带,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层、带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
多孔基材
原材料:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯无纺布(纺粘法)
单位面积质量:70g/m2
粘结层
原材料:具有多孔质结构的丙烯酸系粘结剂
单位面积质量:20g/m2
构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数:1
构成衬里构件的胶带的单位面积质量:90g/m2
(实施例5)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,将胶带变更为以下所示的性状的胶带,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层、带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
多孔基材
原材料:聚丙烯无纺布(SMS法)
单位面积质量:75g/m2
粘结层
原材料:具有多孔质结构的丙烯酸系粘结剂
单位面积质量:20g/m2
构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数:1
构成衬里构件的胶带的单位面积质量:95g/m2
(实施例6)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,将胶带变更为以下所示的性状的胶带,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层、带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
多孔基材
原材料:聚丙烯无纺布(SMS法)
单位面积质量:75g/m2
粘结层
原材料:具有多孔质结构的橡胶系粘结剂
单位面积质量:20g/m2
构成衬里构件的胶带具有的多孔基材和粘结层的层叠数:1
构成衬里构件的胶带的单位面积质量:95g/m2
(比较例1)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,不粘贴胶带(不使用衬里构件)仅缝制热塑性树脂层。即,不将热塑性树脂层和衬里构件进行一体化缝制,除此以外与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
(比较例2)
在带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的形成中,代替胶带而仅使用如下所示的多孔基材,除此以外,与实施例1同样地进行,制造热塑性树脂组合物、热塑性树脂层、带有多孔基材的热塑性树脂层和层叠体。
然后,通过与实施例1同样的方法进行测定、计算。结果如表1所示。
多孔基材
原材料:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯无纺布(纺粘法)
单位面积质量:30g/m2
多孔基材的层叠数:1
多孔基材的单位面积质量:30g/m2
[表1]
1)Shin Dai-ichi Vinyl Corporation制,产品名“ZEST(注册商标)2500Z”
2)Shin Dai-ichi Vinyl Corporation制,产品名“ZEST PQLTX”
3)花王(株)制,产品名“Trimex N-08”
4)ADEKA(株)制,产品名“ADK Cizer O-130S”
5)协和化学工业社制,产品名“ALCAMAIZER(注册商标)5”
6)水泽化学工业社制,产品名“MIZUKALIZER DS”
7)昭和电工社制,产品名“Karenz DK-1”
8)堺化学工业社制,产品名“SAKAI SZ2000”
9)大日精化社制,产品名“DA PX1720(A)BLACK”
根据表1可知,将热塑性树脂层和由胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制的实施例1~6的层叠体与没有衬里构件且没有实施热塑性树脂层和衬里构件一体化缝制的(单独缝制热塑性树脂层)比较例1的层叠体相比,显著地抑制了发泡聚氨酯层的成分的露出。
此外可知,将热塑性树脂层和由胶带形成的衬里构件进行一体化缝制的实施例1~6的层叠体与没有使用规定的衬里构件且将热塑性树脂层和多孔基材不经由粘结层地进行一体化缝制的比较例2的层叠体相比,显著地抑制了发泡聚氨酯层的成分的漏出。
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明能够提供即使缝制有热塑性树脂层,也能够抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体。
此外,根据本发明能够提供即使缝制有热塑性树脂层,也能够通过简单的手法良好地抑制发泡聚氨酯层的成分在该热塑性树脂层的表面上漏出的层叠体的制造方法。
附图标记说明
1 层叠体
11 带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层
2 热塑性树脂层(表皮)
31 线(上线)
32 线(下线)
4 由胶带形成的衬里构件
41 多孔基材
42 粘结层
5 发泡聚氨酯层
Claims (7)
1.一种层叠体,具有由胶带形成的衬里构件、配置在所述衬里构件的厚度方向一侧的热塑性树脂层和配置在所述衬里构件的厚度方向的另一侧的发泡聚氨酯层,
所述胶带具有位于所述发泡聚氨酯层侧的多孔基材和位于所述热塑性树脂层侧的粘结层,
所述层叠体是将所述热塑性树脂层与所述衬里构件使用上线和下线、从带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的表面和背面的两个方向进行缝线由此进行一体化缝制而成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层叠体,其中,所述多孔基材为无纺布。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的层叠体,其中,所述多孔基材的每单位面积的质量为20g/m2以上。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的层叠体,其中,所述粘结层具有多孔质结构。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的层叠体,其为汽车内装饰部件用。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的层叠体,其中,所述热塑性树脂层为氯乙烯树脂层。
7.一种层叠体的制造方法,是具有热塑性树脂层、由胶带形成的衬里构件、以及发泡聚氨酯层的层叠体的制造方法,所述胶带具有多孔基材和粘结层,
具有以下工序:
将所述热塑性树脂层和所述衬里构件以所述粘结层位于所述热塑性树脂层侧的方式、使用上线和下线从带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的表面和背面的两个方向进行缝线,由此进行一体化缝制,从而得到带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的工序;以及
从所述带有衬里构件的热塑性树脂层的多孔基材侧内衬所述发泡聚氨酯层而得到层叠体的工序。
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