CN110029285A - A kind of Si solid solution enhancing cast iron and its manufacture and heat treatment method - Google Patents
A kind of Si solid solution enhancing cast iron and its manufacture and heat treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110029285A CN110029285A CN201910431577.0A CN201910431577A CN110029285A CN 110029285 A CN110029285 A CN 110029285A CN 201910431577 A CN201910431577 A CN 201910431577A CN 110029285 A CN110029285 A CN 110029285A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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Abstract
A kind of Si solid solution enhancing cast iron and its casting method, the mass percentage of each element is Cr:9.0~13.0, B:2.6~2.9, C:0.7~0.9 in alloy, Nb:0.4~0.8, V:0.4~0.8, Mn is less than 0.3, Si:0.6~1.5%, surplus Fe, wherein C, B are total are as follows: 3.3~3.6；C/Cr content ratio: 0.06~0.08；The total amount of Nb, V are as follows: 0.5~1.0.By the melting sources outside ferrosilicon, after being cooled to 1300~1350 DEG C, with fine aluminium deoxidation；When melt temperature is 1280~1320 DEG C, ferrosilicon is added, by alloy casting and forming.The hardness of Fe-Cr-B-C alloy prepared by the present invention is HRC65.3~70.2, and impact flexibility reaches 8.6~12.6J/cm2, and bending strength reaches 800~1300MPa.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-hardness and wear-resistant cast-iron fields, are related to a kind of containing ultra-fine hard phase and supersaturated solid solution, geneva
The alloy of the wear and corrosion resistant cast iron of body matrix phase is cast and heat treatment method, can be widely used for electric power, metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry etc.
Mechanical wearing piece manufacture in industry.
Technical background
Fe-Cr-B-C abrasion resistant casting alloy is with Fe2B or M2B hard phase is hard phase, has good toughness and height hard
Degree, high corrosion-resistant, melting-casting manufacturability is good, has very wide application prospect.
Patent document 1: 105695884 B of Authorization Notice No. CN, the antifriction alloy hardness of preparation are HRC66~70, impact
4~9J/cm of toughness2.The hardness of such alloy is higher, but impact flexibility is insufficient, and intensity index is lower, and bending strength is lower,
346~477MPa range, therefore limit the occasion that the Alloyapplication is big in some external loads, impact resistance is needed to act on.
Also, when preparing large scale specification (thickness is greater than 30mm) and complex-shaped casting, it may appear that crack due to thermal stress,
And there is the phenomenon that hardness is unevenly distributed.It is ground used in the equipment such as large-scale Raymond mill bed, ore crusher, Pulp pump
The wearing pieces such as ball, liner plate, tup, tooth plate, flow passage part, impeller, it is bulky, it is complex-shaped, therefore used by patent document 1
Process limits the application of the alloy.
Document 2: the rapid cooling microstructure and property of eutectic Fe-Cr-B-C alloy, casting, 2017,66 (10): 1053~1056.
The rapid cooling tissue of as cast condition Fe-Cr-B-C alloy by martensite+retained austenite matrix and along the continuous net-shaped distribution of crystal boundary (Fe,
Cr)2(B,C)+(Fe,Cr)23(B,C)6Hard phase composition.The microhardness of rapid cooling tissue matrix phase is 800~880HV, hard
Phase microhardness is 1150~1400HV, macrohardness HRC68, and impact flexibility reaches 13.6J/cm2；And through 960 DEG C × 2h
After annealing, matrix is changed into ferrite and nodular cementite, hard phase (Fe, Cr)2(B, C) and (Fe, Cr)23(B,C)6It is few
There is suspension, cenotype (Fe, Cr) occur in amount dissolution, regional area3(B, C), after annealing matrix phase microhardness be 330~
400HV, hard phase are 850~1250HV, and macrohardness is reduced to HRC46, and impact flexibility is reduced to 3.4J/cm2。
2 acquired results of document reflect that the hardness of matrix phase plays significant role to the hardness and impact flexibility of such material；
Patent document 1 is compared, there are also the possibility promoted in aspect of performance such as impact flexibility for such alloy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Si to be dissolved enhancing cast iron and its manufacture and heat treatment method, and the alloy is with Fe2B
Or M2B is hard phase, matrix is the non-equilibrium phases such as the polynary supersaturated solid solution of high rigidity, martensite that Si element solid solution is strengthened,
With good toughness, high rigidity and higher intensity index, melting, casting and heat treatment process are good, have very wide
Application prospect.
High-wearing feature that the present invention selects, high corrosion-resistant Fe-Cr-B-C alloy are basic alloy, then add 0.6~1.5%
Si element.The multi-element eutectic alloy containing elements such as Fe, Cr, B, C, Nb, V, Si is formed, the mass percentage of each element is Cr:
The content of 9.0~13.0, B:2.6~2.9, C:0.7~0.9, Si:0.6~1.5%, Nb:0.4~0.8, V:0.4~0.8, Mn
Less than 0.3, S, P :≤0.01, surplus Fe.Wherein C, B summation: 3.3~3.6；C/Cr content ratio: 0.06~0.08；Nb, V's
Summation is 0.5~1.0.
Fe-Si alloy is that traditional electrical sheet, intensity and hardness increase sharply with the raising of Si content, Si content
Fe-Si alloy lower than 4.5% is single ferritic phase, and more than 4.5% after, it may occur that ordering, formed DO3Structure
Hard crisp phase.Since there are a large amount of Fe in the present invention2B or M2B is hard phase, volume ratio shared by matrix phase is about 50~
60%, and the Si being added mainly is dissolved in matrix phase, therefore Si content should be controlled 0.6~1.5%, to prevent matrix it is mutually really up to the mark and
Embrittlement.
In general cast iron, Si element is mainly dissolved in matrix, increases its intensity, and has deoxidation in melting, makes
The coagulating property of alloy is improved, but drops low-alloyed toughness, and promote crystallization and grain coarsening.But in alloy of the present invention
In, since there are the fusing points of a large amount of boride, alloy to reduce, crystallization temperature is low and the trend of grain coarsening is weakened.
Referring to patent document 1, specifically prepare alloy when, can be used ferrochrome (high-carbon, middle carbon, micro- carbon), ferro-boron, ferro-niobium,
Vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and pure iron etc. are according to component requirements ingredient.Raw material and its composition are listed in table 1.
Table 1 can be applied to the raw material and composition of preparation invention alloy
The material composition of table 1 is not unique optional material composition, and specific ingredient raw material obtained by reality are Lai really
It is fixed.Wherein ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and vanadium iron provide the content of Cr, B, Nb and V of invention alloy, and high carbon ferro-chrome is used to
Balance C content.Pure iron includes electrical pure iron, electromagnetic pure iron or ingot iron, even low-carbon carbon steel and its leftover pieces.
The trade mark of ferrosilicon listed by table 1 is FeSi75Al1.5, the ferrosilicon of other trades mark can also be used.Since ferrosilicon is steelmaker
Deoxidier in industry, when melt oxygen content is high or temperature is higher, Si can be aoxidized largely and be formed clinker, therefore in alloy melting
When, the addition temperature of ferrosilicon need to be controlled, and melt uses aluminium deoxidation before addition.
Specific melting, casting and heat treatment process are as follows:
(1) melting and casting process
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, induction furnace, vaccum sensitive stove etc. can be used and carry out melting system
Standby alloy.Ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron are melted first, fusion temperature is higher than 1540~1620 DEG C, makes
It obtains pure iron and crome metal sufficiently melts；Then furnace power is reduced, it is total with ingredient after melt temperature is down to 1300~1350 DEG C
The fine aluminium deoxidation of amount 0.1~0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 5~10 minutes, when melt temperature is 1280~1320 DEG C, is added and claims
Measured ferrosilicon；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature range are 1250~1300 DEG C.
Invention alloy is eutectic composition, and melt has good mobility fine, can be cast as by various methods
Type, such as normal sands Mold casting or model casting, lost foam casting, permanent mold casting, ceramic mold casting, die casting, centrifugal casting
The special casting method such as make.
(2) rapid cooling or slow cooling and heat treatment after casting
For small-sized and simple shape casting, rapid cooling is taken after casting, obtains the non-equilibrium microstructure with high rigidity, it is subsequent
Heat treatment is not taken.Its technique are as follows:
Cooling velocity from setting temperature to 600 DEG C should be not less than 60 DEG C/min, and solve between 600~800 DEG C
Except the constraint of mold.Rapid cooling is realized by placing the means such as chill in water cooling, swage, mold.
The subsequent stress relief annealing technique that can be used lower than 600 DEG C and necessary shape, dimensional accuracy and finish need
The mechanical process wanted.
Gained Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy cast ingot hardness reaches HRC69.3~70.2, and impact flexibility reaches 8.6~11.2J/
cm2, bending strength reaches 800~916MPa.
Invention alloy is deep eutectic ingredient, non-equilibrium matrix can be formed under the conditions of common sand casting, such as
Supersaturated solid solution, amorphous, nanocrystalline or martensitic structure.But it will cause volume change, ingot casting since non-equilibrium transformation occurs
Each section causes stress to be concentrated since cooling velocity is inconsistent, causes cracking phenomena, therefore casting is needed at 600~800 DEG C
Between release mold constraint.
For large-scale and complex-shaped casting, need to take slow cooling and heat treatment after casting.Its technique are as follows:
Using slower coolings such as normal sands Mold casting, model casting, lost foam casting, ceramic mold casting, centrifugal castings
Forging type casting.Cooling with mold after having cast, die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C, subsequent natural cooling, to avoid generation
Thermal stress-cracking.
It needs to reheat when heat treatment, casting is put into box stove heating, is heated up with furnace, heating rate is according to heating
Furnace regulation, heat temperature raising speed are no more than 10 DEG C/min.Heating temperature is 950~1060 DEG C, and soaking time is 1~4h.
After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 5~15% salt water or buck quenching cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.
Then in 200~250 DEG C of 2~4h of tempering, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-tempering, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 65.3~68HRC, punching
Hit 9.2~12.6J/cm of toughness2, 1120~1300MPa of bending strength.
It is cooling with mold after casting described in step (2) is complete, from setting temperature to cast(ing) surface cooling velocity 600 DEG C
Lower than 3 DEG C/min.
Of the invention is mainly characterized by by multi-element alloyed, the polyphase eutectic of formation hard phase and matrix phase；Pass through again
Quenching-tempering.So that the volume fraction of matrix phase increases, and hard phase volume fraction is reduced.It is especially added with Si element, with
The element solid solutions such as Cr, B, C strengthen matrix phase, reduce martensitic transformation temperature, matrix martensitic structure are refined, so that matrix is mutually hard
Degree has been more than that common martensitic phase hardness so as to improve the coordinative role between hard phase and matrix phase improves the impact of alloy
Toughness and bending strength.
Detailed description of the invention
1 cast sturcture of Fig. 1 present example figure；
The EDS map and ingredient of 4 casting hard phase of Fig. 2 present example；
The EDS map and ingredient of 4 casting matrix phase of Fig. 3 present example；
Fig. 4 present example 9 casts metallographic structure；
Metallographic structure after 9 quenchings of Fig. 5 present example-tempering；
X-ray diffracting spectrum after 9 quenchings of Fig. 6 present example-tempering.
Specific embodiment
Various method of smelting of the invention, casting method are not limited by following examples, any to want in right of the invention
The improvements and changes in range for asking book claimed are all within protection scope of the present invention.
Selecting high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron, ferrosilicon etc. is raw material,
It invents in desired composition range and is configured to alloy.
It is raw material that embodiment 1., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.9wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.4wt.%；V:0.2wt.%；Si:
0.6wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Sand mold die cast.Specific steps are as follows:
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1620 DEG C；So
After reduce furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1300 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 5
Minute, when melt temperature is 1320 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature
Range is 1250 DEG C.About 6 minutes after having cast, sand mould is opened, ingot casting temperature is lower than 800 DEG C at this time, from setting temperature to 800
Cooling rate between DEG C is about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC69.3, impact flexibility
Reach 11.2J/cm2, bending strength reaches 916MPa.
Ingot casting fractograph is shown in Fig. 1, substantially duplex structure, and fine microstructures are uniform, is eutectic structure, the net of hard phase
Network connection is not significant.It can be seen that Si element is conducive to destroy reticular structure, the toughness and intensity of material are improved.
It is raw material that embodiment 2., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, and composition range is such as
Under: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.5wt.%；Si:0.9wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in
Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, vacuum induction melting and water cooling iron mould casting can be used.Tool
Body step are as follows:
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1540 DEG C；Then electricity is reduced
Furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.1%；Continue heat preservation about 10 minutes, it is fusion
When temperature is 1280 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature range are
1300℃.About 10 minutes after having cast, water cooling swage is opened, ingot casting temperature is lower than 600 DEG C at this time, from setting temperature to 600 DEG C
Between cooling rate be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC70.2, and impact flexibility reaches
To 8.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 800MPa.
It is raw material, composition range that embodiment 3., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
It is as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.6wt.%；Si:1.2wt.%；Impurity element control
It is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and model casting, specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1580 DEG C；Then
Furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.12%；Continue about 8 points of heat preservation
Load weighted ferrosilicon is added when melt temperature is 1300 DEG C in clock；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature model
Enclose is 1280 DEG C.About 10 minutes after having cast, open sand mold fusible pattern, at this time ingot casting temperature be lower than 700 DEG C, from setting temperature to
Cooling rate between 700 DEG C is about 60 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC69.8, impact
Toughness reaches 9.8J/cm2, bending strength reaches 824MPa.
It is raw material, ingredient that embodiment 4., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
Range is as follows: Cr:11.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.2wt.%；V:0.4wt.%；Si:
1.5wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Sand casting, specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1600 DEG C；
Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1300 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.14%；Continue heat preservation about
7 minutes, when melt temperature is 1280 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, casting temperature
Spending range is 1250 DEG C.About 7 minutes after having cast, open sand mould, at this time ingot casting temperature be lower than 800 DEG C, from setting temperature to
Cooling rate between 800 DEG C is about 60 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC69.8, impact
Toughness reaches 10.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 896MPa.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are shown in the EDS constituent analysis of ingot casting hard phase and matrix phase respectively, it is seen that Si element in hard phase very
It is few, it is mainly enriched in matrix phase, plays the role of strengthening matrix phase.
It is raw material that embodiment 5., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；C:0.6wt.%；Nb:0.3wt.%；V:0.1wt.%；Si:
0.6wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Lost foam casting, the specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1580 DEG C；
Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.12%；Continue heat preservation about
9 minutes, when melt temperature is 1280 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, casting temperature
Spending range is 1250 DEG C.About 8 minutes after having cast, disappearance model sand mold is opened, ingot casting temperature is lower than 700 DEG C at this time, from solidification temperature
The cooling rate spent between 700 DEG C is about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC70, punching
It hits toughness and reaches 9.7J/cm2, bending strength reaches 912MPa.
It is raw material, composition range that embodiment 6., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
It is as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.8wt.%；Si:0.9wt.%；Impurity element control
It is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using vacuum induction melting and iron mould casting, specific steps
It is as follows:
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1600 DEG C；Then it reduces
Furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 10 minutes,
When melt temperature is 1320 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature range
It is 1300 DEG C.About 10 minutes after having cast, sand mould is opened, ingot casting temperature is lower than 600 DEG C at this time, from setting temperature to 600 DEG C
Between cooling rate be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC69.5, and impact flexibility reaches
To 10.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 912MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 7., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:11.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；C:0.9wt.%；Nb:0.2wt.%；V:0.2wt.%；Si:
1.2wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, induction melting can be used
And lost foam casting.Specific step is as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature 1560
℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1300 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.10%；After continuation of insurance
Load weighted ferrosilicon is added when melt temperature is 1280 DEG C in temperature about 5 minutes；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, are poured
Casting temperature range is 1250 DEG C.About 9 minutes after having cast, disappearance model sand mold is opened, ingot casting temperature is lower than 600 DEG C at this time, from solidifying
Solid temperature degree to the cooling rate between 600 DEG C be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches
HRC69.9, impact flexibility reach 9.9J/cm2, bending strength reaches 900MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 8., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon, vanadium iron and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:13.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.6wt.%；V:0.4wt.%；Si:
1.5wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Lost foam casting, the specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature 1590
℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.13%；After continuation of insurance
Load weighted ferrosilicon is added when melt temperature is 1300 DEG C in temperature about 7 minutes；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, are poured
Casting temperature range is 1280 DEG C.About 9 minutes after having cast, disappearance model sand mold is opened, ingot casting temperature is lower than 700 DEG C at this time, from solidifying
Solid temperature degree to the cooling rate between 700 DEG C be about 60 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches
HRC70, impact flexibility reach 10.2J/cm2, bending strength reaches 896MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 9., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.9wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Si:0.6wt.%；Nb:0.4wt.%；V:
0.2wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Sand mold die cast.Specific steps are as follows:
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1620 DEG C；So
After reduce furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1300 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 5
Minute, when melt temperature is 1320 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature
Range is 1250 DEG C.Die sinking temperature is lower than 200 DEG C after having cast, natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 950 DEG C, soaking time 4h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the brine hardening that casting is quickly entered 5% is cooling.It should be stirred continuously in cooling procedure,
Quench cooling time >=30min.Then in 200 DEG C of tempering 4h, natural cooling.After above-mentioned quenching-tempering, close
Golden hardness reaches HRC65.3, and impact flexibility reaches 12.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1300MPa.
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure of cast alloy, the matrix phase of a large amount of squares and matrix phase occurs and hard phase is mutual
Interspersed eutectic structure, tissue is relatively fine, uniformly.Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure after quenching-tempering, compared with Fig. 4,
The quantity of matrix phase increases, but still remains tiny, uniform formation.Fig. 6 is the X-ray diffracting spectrum of alloy under the state,
Reflect that alloy is mainly martensitic matrix phase and Boronic compound hard phase.Due to fine microstructures, matrix phase and hard phase all have
It is good to compare interface cohesion for high rigidity, therefore it is strong to show high impact flexibility and bending while keeping high rigidity for alloy
Degree.
It is raw material, composition range that embodiment 10., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
It is as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；Si:0.9wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.5wt.%；Impurity element control
It is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, vacuum induction melting and water cooling iron mould casting can be used.
Specific steps are as follows:
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1580 DEG C；Then electricity is reduced
Furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.1%；Continue heat preservation about 10 minutes, it is fusion
When temperature is 1280 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature range are
1300℃.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast, natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 1050 DEG C, soaking time 1h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the brine hardening that casting is quickly entered 15% is cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 250 DEG C of tempering 2h, natural cooling.By above-mentioned quenching-tempering
Afterwards, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 66.7HRC, impact flexibility 11.6J/cm2, bending strength 1260MPa.
It is raw material, ingredient model that embodiment 11., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
It encloses as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；Si:1.2wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.6wt.%；Impurity element control
System is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and model casting, specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1600 DEG C；Then
Furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.12%；Continue about 8 points of heat preservation
Load weighted ferrosilicon is added when melt temperature is 1300 DEG C in clock；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature model
Enclose is 1280 DEG C.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 1000 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the brine hardening that casting is quickly entered 10% is cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of tempering 3h, natural cooling.By above-mentioned quenching-tempering
Afterwards, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 67.2HRC, impact flexibility 9.8J/cm2, bending strength 1198MPa.
It is raw material, ingredient that embodiment 12., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
Range is as follows: Cr:11.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；Si:1.5wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.2wt.%；V:
0.4wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Sand casting, specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1540 DEG C；
Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1300 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.14%；Continue heat preservation about
7 minutes, when melt temperature is 1280 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, casting temperature
Spending range is 1250 DEG C.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 1060 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 5% buck quenching cooling.It should be stirred continuously in cooling procedure,
Quench cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of tempering 2h, natural cooling.After above-mentioned quenching-tempering, system
The hardness of standby Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy is 68HRC, impact flexibility 9.2J/cm2, bending strength 1120MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 13, which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；C:0.6wt.%；Si:0.6wt.%；Nb:0.3wt.%；V:
0.1wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Lost foam casting, the specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1580 DEG C；
Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.12%；Continue heat preservation about
9 minutes, when melt temperature is 1280 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, casting temperature
Spending range is 1250 DEG C.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 980 DEG C, soaking time 3h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 15% buck quenching cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of tempering 3h, natural cooling.By above-mentioned quenching-tempering
Afterwards, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 66.2HRC, impact flexibility 12.0J/cm2, bending strength 1248MPa.
It is raw material, ingredient model that embodiment 14., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon and ingot iron,
It encloses as follows: Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；Si:0.9wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.8wt.%；Impurity element control
System is shown in Table 2.It is specific to walk using vacuum induction melting and iron mould casting after weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion
It is rapid as follows:
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1600 DEG C；Then it reduces
Furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 10 minutes,
When melt temperature is 1320 DEG C, load weighted ferrosilicon is added；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature range
It is 1300 DEG C.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 1020 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 10% buck quenching cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of tempering 3h, natural cooling.By above-mentioned quenching-tempering
Afterwards, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 66.8HRC, impact flexibility 10.8J/cm2, bending strength 1266MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 15., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrosilicon and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:11.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；Si:1.2wt.%；C:0.9wt.%；Nb:0.2wt.%；V:
0.2wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, induction melting can be used
And lost foam casting.Specific step is as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature 1580
℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1300 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.10%；After continuation of insurance
Load weighted ferrosilicon is added when melt temperature is 1280 DEG C in temperature about 5 minutes；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, are poured
Casting temperature range is 1250 DEG C.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 1020 DEG C, soaking time 1h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 15% buck quenching cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 200 DEG C of tempering 4h, natural cooling.By above-mentioned quenching-tempering
Afterwards, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 67.6HRC, impact flexibility 10.6J/cm2, bending strength 1186MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 16., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrosilicon, vanadium iron and ingot iron, at
Divide range as follows: Cr:13.0wt.%；B:2.6wt.%；Si:1.5wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.6wt.%；V:
0.4wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportion, using induction melting and
Lost foam casting, the specific steps are as follows:
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature 1590
℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of ingredient total amount 0.13%；After continuation of insurance
Load weighted ferrosilicon is added when melt temperature is 1300 DEG C in temperature about 7 minutes；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, are poured
Casting temperature range is 1280 DEG C.Die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heating, heating temperature is 980 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed
No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 10% buck quenching cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure
It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 200 DEG C of tempering 2h, natural cooling.By above-mentioned quenching-tempering
Afterwards, the hardness of the Fe-Cr-Si-B-C alloy of preparation is 66.9HRC, impact flexibility 11.6J/cm2, bending strength 1260MPa.
Casting alloy performance detection prepared by each embodiment is as described below:
1. pair example casting metal carries out hardness test using HR-150A Rockwell hardness machine, load 150Kg makes a call to five
It is averaged after point, is listed in table 2.
2. pair example casting metal carries out impact flexibility test using JBS-300B shock machine, range 150J is beaten
It is averaged after five samples, is listed in table 2.
3. pair example casting metal material electronics universal testing machine carries out three-point bending resistance experiment, sample having a size of 2 × 5 ×
The rectangular specimen of 50mm, span 30mm take the bending strength average value of three same treatment samples to be listed in table 2.
The ingredient and hardness, impact flexibility and bending strength of 2 embodiment of table
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Si solid solution enhancing cast iron, it is characterised in that: the mass percentage of each element is Cr:9.0 ~ 13.0 in alloy,
B:2.6 ~ 2.9, C:0.7 ~ 0.9, Nb:0.4 ~ 0.8, V:0.4 ~ 0.8, Mn are less than 0.3, Si:0.6~1.5%, S, P :≤0.01, it is remaining
Amount is Fe, wherein C, B gross mass percentage composition are as follows: 3.3 ~ 3.6；C/Cr content ratio: 0.06 ~ 0.08；The gross mass percentage of Nb, V
Content are as follows: 0.5 ~ 1.0.
2. preparation and the heat treatment method of Si solid solution enhancing cast iron as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that including following tool
Body process:
(1) melting and casting process
Ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron are melted first, 1520~1620 DEG C of fusion temperature, so that pure iron
It is sufficiently melted with crome metal；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1300~1350 DEG C, with ingredient total amount 0.1
~0.15% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation about 5~10 minutes, when melt temperature is 1280~1320 DEG C, is added load weighted
Ferrosilicon；Until completely melted, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature range are 1250~1300 DEG C；
(2) rapid cooling or slow cooling and heat treatment after casting
For small-sized and simple shape casting, rapid cooling is taken after casting, obtains the non-equilibrium microstructure with high rigidity, it is subsequent not adopt
Take heat treatment, technique are as follows:
Cooling velocity from setting temperature to 600 DEG C is not less than 60 DEG C/min, and releases mold between 600 ~ 800 DEG C
Constraint, pass through in water cooling, swage, mold place chill realize be quickly cooled down；
The machine that subsequent stress relief annealing technique and necessary shape using lower than 600 DEG C, dimensional accuracy and finish need
Working process；
For large-scale and complex-shaped casting, need to take slow cooling and heat treatment, technique after casting are as follows:
Using the casting side of normal sands Mold casting, model casting, lost foam casting, ceramic mold casting or centrifugal casting slow cool down
Formula casting, cooling with mold after having cast, die sinking temperature will be lower than 200 DEG C, and subsequent natural cooling is opened to avoid thermal stress occurs
It splits；
It needs to reheat when heat treatment, casting is put into box stove heating, is heated up with furnace, heating rate is advised according to heating furnace
Journey, heat temperature raising speed are no more than 10 DEG C/min, heating temperature is 950~1060 DEG C, and soaking time is 1~4h；
After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 5~15% salt water or buck quenching cooling, should be stirred continuously, quench in cooling procedure
Fiery cooling time >=30min；
Then in 200~250 DEG C of 2~4 h of tempering, natural cooling.
3. preparation and the heat treatment method of Si solid solution enhancing cast iron as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the casting
It is cooling with mold after complete, it is lower than 3 DEG C/min from setting temperature to cast(ing) surface cooling velocity 600 DEG C.
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| CN201810588012.9A CN108660392A (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A kind of Si strengthens high hardness wear-resisting alloy and its casting method |
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