CN108660393A - A kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy and its casting and heat treatment method - Google Patents

A kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy and its casting and heat treatment method Download PDF

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CN108660393A
CN108660393A CN201810589672.9A CN201810589672A CN108660393A CN 108660393 A CN108660393 A CN 108660393A CN 201810589672 A CN201810589672 A CN 201810589672A CN 108660393 A CN108660393 A CN 108660393A
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casting
temperature
iron
ferro
alloy
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罗丰华
罗弘瑞
闵小兵
卢静
熊落保
严淑群
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Central South University
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Central South University
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Priority to CN201910431118.2A priority patent/CN110029282B/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Abstract

The mass content of a kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy and its casting and heat treatment method, alloy each element is Cr：9.0~13.0, B：2.6~2.9, C：0.7~0.9, W：1.2~2.5, Nb：0.4~0.8, V：Content of the content of 0.4~0.8, Mn less than 0.3, Si is less than 0.07, surplus Fe；Wherein C and B：3.3~3.6；C/Cr content ratios：0.06~0.08；Nb and V：0.5~1.0.1540~1680 DEG C of fusion temperature, in 1260~1320 DEG C of cast alloys.950~1050 DEG C of quenchings, 200~250 DEG C of tempering.Ingot casting hardness of the present invention 66.2~67.5HRC, 155~17.9J/cm of impact flexibility2, 1460~1615MPa of bending strength.

Description

A kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy and its casting and heat treatment method
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-hardness and wear-resistant cast-iron field, it is related to a kind of refractory metal wolfram element toughening hard phase and supersaturation Solid solution, martensitic matrix phase wear and corrosion resistant cast iron alloy and its casting, heat treatment method, can be widely used for electric power, smelting Mechanical wearing piece manufacture in the industries such as gold, machinery, chemical industry.
Technical background
Fe-Cr-B-C abrasion resistant casting alloys are with Fe2B or M2B hard phases are hard phase, have good toughness and height hard Degree, high corrosion-resistant, melting-casting manufacturability is good, has very wide application prospect.
Hard phase M in Fe-B alloys2B (M represents the alloying elements such as Fe, Cr, V, the Nb dissolved in boride) is in continuous Net distribution destroys the continuity of matrix completely, causes the toughness of alloy relatively low, is very difficult to apply in the larger evil of the power that is hit In bad operating condition, therefore its application range is made to be restricted.Using high-temperature heat treatment, RE Modified, the means such as alloying improve The continuous net-shaped distributional pattern of boride carries out Strengthening and Toughening processing to Fe-B alloys, expands its use scope, it is resistance to give full play to its It is a highly important project to grind potentiality, but presently done research obtains substantive breakthroughs not yet.
The intensity of Fe-B alloy substrate phases is further increased, and retains a certain amount of Fe2B or M2B hard phases, then can be achieved High rigidity, high tenacity.Amorphous/nanocrystalline, supersaturated solid solution, martensite etc. all have very high intensity and hardness, toughness good It is good, and corrosion resistance is good, can form new high rigidity, high corrosion-resistant alloy by the amorphous/nanocrystalline of matrix phase as a result,.
Patent document 1：The antifriction alloy hardness of 105695884 B of Authorization Notice No. CN, preparation are HRC66~70, impact 4~9J/cm of toughness2.When preparing large scale specification (thickness is more than 30mm) and complex-shaped casting, it may appear that thermal stress is split Line, and have the phenomenon that hardness is unevenly distributed.It is used in the equipment such as large-scale Raymond mill bed, ore crusher, Pulp pump The wearing pieces such as abrading-ball, liner plate, tup, tooth plate, flow passage part, impeller, it is bulky, it is complex-shaped, therefore patent document 1 is used Process limit the application of the alloy.
The hardness of such alloy is higher, but impact flexibility is insufficient, and intensity index is relatively low, and bending strength is relatively low, 346~ 477MPa ranges, therefore limit the occasion that the Alloyapplication is big in some external loads, impact resistance is needed to act on.
Ti (C, N) based ceramic metal originates from last century the seventies.1971, Kieffer had found to make pottery in TiC Base Metals When introducing N in porcelain, as long as Mo or Mo appropriate are added in Binder Phase2C is achieved with property more better than TiC based ceramic metal Energy.With the intensification recognized its alloying action, sintering technology and equipment are continuously improved, and such material not only has higher Hardness, wearability, red hardness, friction coefficient extremely low between excellent chemical stability and metal, and it is also certain tough Property and intensity.
The main component of Ti (C, N) based ceramic metal is TiC, TiN or Ti (C, N), using W or Ni as binder, with other Carbide is additive, such as WC, Mo2C, (Ta, Nb) C, Cr3C2, VC, AlN etc..They are formd (Ti, W, Mo, Cr, V) (C, N) Solid solution strengthens hard phase by solution strengthening mechanism.Its microstructure characteristic is usually：TiC or Ti (C, N) hard phase are Core, the loop configuration (SS phases) and Ni, W and dissolve in therein that edge is (Ti, Mo) C or (Ti, Mo) (C, N) solid solution forms Binder Phase (r phases) three parts of the compositions such as Ti, Mo, C, N form.It such as adds WC, TaC and similarly produces SS phases.This is because Mo2C, TiC, WC, TaC are dissolved into liquid phase, and the result being precipitated on TiC or Ti (C, N) coarse granule.It is raw around hard phase At SS phases, wetabilitys of the Ni to Ti (C, N) is improved, it is suppressed that Ti (C, N) crystal grain is grown up, and carbide grain refinement is conducive to.
Document 2：The rapid cooling organization and performance of eutectic Fe-Cr-B-C alloys, casting, 2017,66 (10):1053~1056. The rapid cooling tissue of as cast condition Fe-Cr-B-C alloys by martensite+retained austenite matrix and along the continuous net-shaped distribution of crystal boundary (Fe, Cr)2(B,C)+(Fe,Cr)23(B,C)6Hard phase composition.The microhardness of rapid cooling tissue matrix phase is 800~880HV, hard Phase microhardness is 1150~1400HV, macrohardness HRC68, and impact flexibility reaches 13.6J/cm2；And through 960 DEG C × 2h After annealing, matrix is changed into ferrite and nodular cementite, hard phase (Fe, Cr)2(B, C) and (Fe, Cr)23(B,C)6It is few There is suspension, cenotype (Fe, Cr) occur in amount dissolving, regional area3(B, C), after annealing matrix phase microhardness be 330~ 400HV, hard phase are 850~1250HV, and macrohardness is reduced to HRC46, and impact flexibility is reduced to 3.4J/cm2。
2 acquired results of document reflect that the hardness of matrix phase plays significant role to the hardness and impact flexibility of such material； Patent document 1 is compared, such alloy also has the possibility promoted in aspect of performance such as impact flexibility.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy and its casting and heat treatment methods, should Alloy is with Fe2B or M2B is hard phase, adds W elements, and segregation forms SS phases in hard phase, it is suppressed that hard phase crystal grain is grown up, And hard phase is hindered to form continuous net-shaped structure；By heat treatment, it is non-equilibrium to form multielement supersaturated solid solution, martensite etc. It is mutually matrix.So that alloy, while keeping high rigidity, toughness and intensity are greatly improved, to wider Wealthy application prospect.
High-wearing feature that the present invention selects, high corrosion-resistant Fe-Cr-B-C alloys are basic alloy, then add 1.2~ 2.5wt.%W elements.Form the multi-element eutectic alloy containing Fe, Cr, B, C, Nb, V, elements such as w, the mass percentage of each element For Cr：9.0~13.0, B：2.6~2.9, C：0.7~0.9, W：1.2~2.5, Nb：0.4~0.8, V：0.4~0.8, Mn's contains Content of the amount less than 0.3, Si is less than 0.07, S, P：≤ 0.01, surplus Fe.Wherein C, B summation：3.3~3.6；C/Cr contents Than：0.06~0.08；The summation of Nb, V are 0.5~1.0.
W is that the affinity of carbide, i.e. W and C is larger.It is formed with SS phases in Ti (C, N) based ceramic metal Mechanism is similar, and W elements can be with Fe2Among hard phase based on B or neighbouring segregation, formation chemical formula are similar to (W, Fe)x(B, C), the transition tissue of x=2~3 prevents hard phase from forming continuous net-shaped structure or partial partition hard to refine hard phase Phase is directly connected to matrix phase, to improve the toughness and intensity of alloy.
Since W element proportions are larger, gross segregation is easy tod produce in melting, in the tough alloy of introducing W elements, W Content it is unsuitable excessively high, W content of the present invention should control within the scope of 1.2~2.5wt.%.
Referring to patent document 1, it is specific prepare alloy when, can be used ferrochrome (high-carbon, middle carbon, micro- carbon), ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, Vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and pure iron etc. are according to component requirements dispensing.Raw material and its composition are listed in table 1.
Table 1 can be applied to prepare the raw material and composition of invention alloy
The material composition of table 1 is not unique, and specific ingredient raw material obtained by reality determine.Wherein ferrochrome, Crome metal, ferro-boron, ferrotungsten, ferro-niobium and vanadium iron provide the content of Cr, B, W, Nb and V of invention alloy, and high carbon ferro-chrome is used for balancing C Content.Pure iron can be electrical pure iron, electromagnetic pure iron or ingot iron.
Specific melting, casting and heat treatment process are：
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, induction furnace, vaccum sensitive stove etc. can be used and carry out melting system Standby alloy.Ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and pure iron are melted first, fusion temperature is higher than 1540~1680 DEG C so that pure iron, ferrotungsten and crome metal fully melt；Then furnace power is reduced, melt temperature is down to 1320~1380 DEG C Afterwards, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.1~0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 5~10 minutes, rapid cast alloys, cast temperature Ranging from 1260~1320 DEG C.In order to avoid thermal stress-cracking occurs, die sinking temperature will be less than 200 DEG C after having cast.Naturally cold But.
Since alloy main component Fe-Cr-Co-B-C is deep eutectic, the mobility of melt is fine, therefore can pass through Various method casting and formings, such as pass through normal sands Mold casting, model casting or lost foam casting.
After ingot casting is cooled to environment temperature, casting is put into batch-type furnace and is reheated, heating temperature is 950~1050 DEG C, soaking time is 1~4h.Heat temperature raising speed is no more than 10 DEG C/min.
After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 5~15% brine or buck quenching cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.
Then in 200~250 DEG C of 2~4h of temper, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, the Fe-Cr-B-C alloy rigidities of preparation are 66.2~67.5HRC, and impact is tough 155~17.9J/cm of property2, 1460~1615MPa of bending strength.
Compared with patent document 1, hardness slightly reduces, but impact flexibility and bending strength are significantly promoted, and can be used In production large scale or complex-shaped wear resistance castings.
The tissue of Fe-Cr-B-C alloys is cast mainly by hard phase (Fe2B or M2B etc.) and matrix phase (α or martensitic phase) Composition.The hardness of alloy depends primarily on the volume ratio of hard phase, i.e. hard phase is higher, and the hardness of material is bigger.But hard Mutually excessive, the lazy weight of matrix phase, intensity declines, and integral hardness can be caused to decline, toughness is insufficient.Therefore, in addition to hard phase Ratio with matrix phase is outside determinant, and the characteristic of matrix phase is also critically important.
When preparing alloy using the method for patent document 1, when size is larger, solidification processing temperature is unevenly distributed, and is made The distribution and property for obtaining matrix phase generate difference in the different parts of casting, therefore be easy to cause thermal stress-cracking and performance unevenness It is even.It is handled by reheating, casting bulk temperature can be made uniform, then rapid quenching, can get homogeneous hi-hardness casting.
When hardening heat be 950~1050 DEG C when, as hardening heat increases, hard phase some be dissolved into matrix phase In so that matrix phase volume fraction increases, while alloying element content also improves in matrix phase, and more high rigidity can be formed after quenching Martensitic structure.Hereby it is ensured that whole hardness and comprehensive performance.
When hardening heat is less than 950 DEG C, hard phase can be precipitated from matrix so that material hardness declines, impact flexibility etc. It reduces.Continue to increase hardening heat to be more than 1050 DEG C, local burning in casting can be caused so that alloy ductility declines.
The present invention's is mainly characterized by using W elements and the strong feature of C element binding force, to boron, the carbon in high rigidity During compound is precipitated, occur forming the segregation of W elements among these compounds, so that continuous net-shaped structure obtains To interrupt, crystal grain refinement；Pass through quenching-temper again so that the volume fraction of matrix phase increases, and hard phase volume fraction It reduces.Matrix mutually remains as Cr, B, C, W, Nb, V of high rigidity and strengthens non-equilibrium microstructure simultaneously so that matrix phase hardness is more than Common martensitic phase hardness improves the impact flexibility of alloy and resists so as to improve the coordinative role between hard phase and matrix phase Curved intensity.
Description of the drawings
1 low power cast sturcture of Fig. 1 present examples schemes；
2 high power cast sturcture of Fig. 2 present examples schemes；
The EDS analyses of segregation phase in the 4 casting metallographic structure of Fig. 3 present examples.
Specific implementation mode
The various method of smelting of the present invention, casting method are not limited by following examples, and any right in the present invention is wanted The improvement in range and variation for asking book claimed are all within protection scope of the present invention.
It is raw material to select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferrotungsten, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron etc., It invents in desired composition range and is configured to alloy.
It is raw material that embodiment 1., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, at Divide range as follows：Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.9wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；W:1.2wt.%；Nb:0.4wt.%；V: 0.2wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and sand mold die cast.Specific steps For：
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, fusion temperature 1540 ℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.15%；After continuation of insurance Temperature about 5 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1260 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.Naturally cold But.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 950 DEG C, soaking time 4h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 5% brine hardening cooling.It should be stirred continuously in cooling procedure, Quench cooling time >=30min.Then in 200 DEG C of temper 4h, natural cooling.
1 ingot casting fractograph of embodiment is shown in Fig. 1, is made of torulose α-Fe primary crystals and eutectic structure, wherein eutectic group It is woven to α-Fe and hard phase line and staff control, continuous network structure does not occur in hard phase.In terms of performance, hardness HRC66.5 is said The bright not simple ferrite of the primary crystal largely occurred, the martensite containing Cr, W, B, C solution strengthening or amorphous/nanometer The non-equilibrium microstructures such as crystalline substance, because ferrite can not possibly reach corresponding hardness.As it can be seen that the addition of Mo changes the group of casting alloy Constituent is knitted, the hardness and toughness of matrix are improved, to greatly improve the toughness and intensity of material.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 66.5HRC, impact flexibility 17.9J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1590MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 2., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, and composition range is such as Under：Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%W:2.5wt.%；；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.5wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2。
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, vacuum induction melting and the casting of water cooling swage can be used It makes.The specific steps are：
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1680 DEG C；Then Furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1380 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.1%；Continue about 10 points of heat preservation Clock, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1320 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 1050 DEG C, soaking time 1h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 15% brine hardening cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 250 DEG C of temper 2h, natural cooling.
2 high power cast sturcture of Fig. 2 examples schemes, figure it is seen that hard phase is mutually interspersed with matrix, without even Continuous reticular structure.And occur that a large amount of apparent contrasts are inconsistent in the upper surface of these phases, but without apparent crystal boundary Patch, these patches are exactly the segregation product of refractory metal W elements, their appearance thinning microstructure, and further prevent being formed Continuous net-shaped structure, the performance indicators such as toughness and bending strength to improve material.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 66.7HRC, impact flexibility 15.8J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1460MPa.
It is raw material, composition range that embodiment 3., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, It is as follows：Cr：10.0wt.%；B：2.7wt.%；；W:2.0wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.6wt.%；Impurity element controls It is shown in Table 2.
After good corresponding raw material being weighed according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and model casting, the specific steps are：
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature 1620 ℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.12%；After continuation of insurance Temperature about 8 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1280 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.Naturally cold But.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 1000 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 10% brine hardening cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of temper 3h, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 66.9HRC, impact flexibility 17.6J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1568MPa.
It is raw material, ingredient that embodiment 4., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, Range is as follows：Cr：11.0wt.%；B：2.7wt.%；I am W:1.5wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.2wt.%；V: 0.4wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.
After good corresponding raw material being weighed according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and sand casting, the specific steps are：
High carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1580℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.14%；After Continuation of insurance temperature about 7 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1280 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.From It is so cooling.
Fig. 3 is segregation phase EDS collection of illustrative plates and analysis result in casting alloy, as a result EDS can only be shown in the qualitative analysis of ingredient Show in alloy there are W elements, illustrates that W elements form segregation, block continuous net-shaped structure, improve the toughness of alloy.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 1020 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the buck that casting is quickly entered to 5% quenches cooling.It should be stirred continuously in cooling procedure, Quench cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of temper 3h, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 67HRC, impact flexibility 15.6J/cm2, bending resistance is strong Spend 1546MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 5., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, at Divide range as follows：Cr：10.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；C：0.6wt.%；W:1.6wt.%；Nb：0.3wt.%；V： 0.1wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and lost foam casting, specific steps It is as follows：
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten, ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1580℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.12%；After Continuation of insurance temperature about 9 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1290 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature will be less than 200 DEG C after having cast. Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 990 DEG C, soaking time 3h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the buck that casting is quickly entered to 15% quenches cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of temper 3h, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 66.2HRC, impact flexibility 16.5J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1552MPa.
It is raw material, composition range that embodiment 6., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, It is as follows：Cr：10.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；W:1.8wt.%；C：0.8wt.%；Nb：0.8wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.
It is specific to walk using vacuum induction melting and iron mould casting after weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning It is rapid as follows：
First by high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, fusion temperature is 1650 DEG C；So After reduce furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1350 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.15%；Continue heat preservation about 10 Minute, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1300 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.Natural cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 1020 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the buck that casting is quickly entered to 10% quenches cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 220 DEG C of temper 3h, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 67.0HRC, impact flexibility 17.8J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1559MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 7., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron, at Divide range as follows：Cr：11.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；W:2.0wt.%；C：0.9wt.%；Nb：0.2wt.%；V： 0.2wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, induction melting and lost foam casting can be used.Specific step It is rapid as follows：
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1580℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1360 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.10%；After Continuation of insurance temperature about 5 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1280 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.From It is so cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 1020 DEG C, soaking time 1h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the buck that casting is quickly entered to 15% quenches cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 200 DEG C of temper 4h, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 67.5HRC, impact flexibility 15.5J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1545MPa.
It is raw material that embodiment 8., which selects high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten, vanadium iron and ingot iron, at Divide range as follows：Cr：13.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；W:2.2wt.%；C：0.8wt.%；Nb：0.6wt.%；V： 0.4wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and lost foam casting, specific steps It is as follows：
High carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and ingot iron are melted first, fusion temperature is 1590℃；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.13%；After Continuation of insurance temperature about 7 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1280 DEG C of cast temperature.Die sinking temperature is less than 200 DEG C after having cast.From It is so cooling.
Then casting is put into box stove heat, heating temperature is 1000 DEG C, soaking time 2h.Heat temperature raising speed No more than 10 DEG C/min.After heat preservation, the buck that casting is quickly entered to 10% quenches cooling.It should constantly be stirred in cooling procedure It mixes, quenches cooling time >=30min.Then in 200 DEG C of temper 2h, natural cooling.
After above-mentioned quenching-temper, gained alloy rigidity is 67.2HRC, impact flexibility 15.9J/cm2, bending resistance Intensity 1615MPa.
Casting alloy performance detection prepared by each embodiment is as described below：
1. pair example casting metal carries out hardness test using HR-150A Rockwell hardness machines, load 150Kg makes a call to five It is averaged after point, is listed in table 2.
2. pair example casting metal carries out impact flexibility test using JBS-300B shock machines, range 150J is beaten It is averaged after five samples, is listed in table 2.
3. pair example casting metal material electronics universal testing machine carries out three-point bending resistance experiment, sample size is 2 × 5 × The rectangular specimen of 50mm, span 30mm take the bending strength average value of three same treatment samples to be listed in table 2.
The ingredient of 2 embodiment of table and hardness, impact flexibility and bending strength

Claims (3)

1. a kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy, it is characterised in that：The mass percentage of alloy each element is Cr： 9.0~13.0, B：2.6~2.9, C：0.7~0.9, W：1.2~2.5, Nb：0.4~0.8, V：The content of 0.4~0.8, Mn are small It is less than 0.07 in the content of 0.3, Si, S, P：≤ 0.01, surplus Fe；Wherein C and B gross masses percentage composition is：3.3~3.6； C/Cr content ratios：0.06~0.08；The gross mass percentage composition of Nb and V is 0.5~1.0.
2. casting and the heat treatment method of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that Include the following steps：
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, alloy is prepared using induction furnace melting, first by ferrochrome, metal Chromium, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ferrotungsten and pure iron fusing, 1540~1680 DEG C of fusion temperature so that pure iron, molybdenum-iron and crome metal fill Divide fusing；Then furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320~1380 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.1~0.15% Fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation about 5~10 minutes, rapid cast alloys, ranging from 1260~1320 DEG C of cast temperature；In order to avoid Thermal stress-cracking occurs, die sinking temperature will be less than 200 DEG C after having cast, natural cooling；
After ingot casting is cooled to environment temperature, casting is put into batch-type furnace and is reheated, heating temperature is 950~1050 DEG C, is protected The warm time is 1~4h, and heat temperature raising speed is no more than 10 DEG C/min；After heat preservation, casting is quickly entered to 5~15% brine Or buck quenching cools down, and should be stirred continuously in cooling procedure, quenches cooling time >=30min；Then it is tempered at 200~250 DEG C Handle 2~4h, natural cooling.
3. casting and the heat treatment method of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that： The pure iron is electrical pure iron, electromagnetic pure iron or ingot iron.
CN201810589672.9A 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 A kind of refractory metal segregation toughening high hard alloy and its casting and heat treatment method Withdrawn CN108660393A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112981052A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-18 西安交通大学 Nano M2B reinforced iron-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112981052A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-18 西安交通大学 Nano M2B reinforced iron-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof
CN112981052B (en) * 2021-02-07 2022-05-20 西安交通大学 Nano M2B reinforced iron-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof

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