CN105483510B - A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup Download PDFInfo
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- CN105483510B CN105483510B CN201510875050.9A CN201510875050A CN105483510B CN 105483510 B CN105483510 B CN 105483510B CN 201510875050 A CN201510875050 A CN 201510875050A CN 105483510 B CN105483510 B CN 105483510B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup, including：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy；The component of aluminium alloy includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.52~3.58%, silicon：2.50~2.60%, manganese：0.35~0.40%, chromium：0.45~0.48%, molybdenum：0.23~0.26%, copper：0.52~0.55%, nickel：0.36~0.39%, remaining is iron；Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate；Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1, austempering temperature TD=220+K2×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 15~20, K2Value be 5~6.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hammer mill technical field, more particularly to a kind of preparation side of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup
Method.
Background technology
Hammer mill is widely used in brick field and gangue processing factory, and tup is subjected to the impact of material in high-speed rotation
It is its main wear-out part with abrasion.The tup that present brick field more often uses has potassium steel tup, rich chromium cast iron tup and double gold
Belong to composite hammer head.But various material tups all have some limitations, and are embodied in：Potassium steel tup is not wear-resisting, Gao Ge
Cast iron tup is frangible, and bimetal hammerhead price is high, cost performance is low.
Therefore, now developing a kind of neither broken and wear-resisting tup for being suitable for using in brick field and gangue processing factory is
Current urgent problem.
The content of the invention
Based on technical problem existing for background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of preparation side of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup
Method, gained cast iron tup have higher initial hardness and appropriate impact flexibility, and for hardness up to HRC 55, ballistic work is reachable
39.3J, the shortcomings that can making up potassium steel and rich chromium cast iron tup and deficiency, meet actual production demand.
A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1, melting：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy
Component includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.52~3.58%, silicon：2.50~2.60%, manganese：0.35~0.40%, chromium：0.45
~0.48%, molybdenum：0.23~0.26%, copper：0.52~0.55%, nickel：0.36~0.39%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤
0.03%, remaining is iron；
S2, cast：Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate, pouring temperature >=1350 DEG C；
S3, heat treatment：Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance spheroidal graphite
Cast iron tup；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1, austempering temperature TD=220+K2×
100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 15~20, K2Value be 5~6, nCarbonAnd nSiliconCarbon and element silicon institute respectively in aluminium alloy
Account for percentage by weight.
Preferably, in S1 aluminium alloy, the weight ratio of carbon and chromium is 3.54~3.56：0.46~0.47.
Preferably, in S1 aluminium alloy, the weight ratio of manganese element, copper and nickel element is 0.36~0.38：0.53~
0.54：0.37~0.38.
Preferably, in S1, the component of aluminium alloy includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.54~3.56%, silicon：2.55~
2.58%, manganese：0.36~0.38%, chromium：0.46~0.47%, molybdenum：0.24~0.25%, copper：0.53~0.54%, nickel：
0.37~0.38%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining is iron.
Preferably, in S1, tapping temperature is 1450~1480 DEG C.
Preferably, in S3, K1Value be 16~18, K2Value be 5.4~5.6.
Preferably, in S3, soaking time is 1.8~2.2h.
Preferably, in S3, isothermal quenching time is 3.8~4.2h.
Each element effect is as follows in the present invention：
Carbon：As the essential element for forming graphite nodule, graphite number and graphite size can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, fit
When carbon equivalent iron liquid can be made readily flowed, increase the mold-filling capacity of iron liquid, reduce Shrinkage cavity, improve the densification of casting
Property, but carbon content is too high, easily produces graphite floatation, influences the performance of cast iron.
Silicon：As graphited element is strongly facilitated, and can plays the effect bred.Higher silicon content is poured casting
Note and have very big benefit from feeding.Silicone content is high, favourable to forming globular graphite, but when silicone content is more than 3.0%, rushes
Hitting toughness can drastically reduce.
Manganese：Austenitic area can be expanded, enhance the stability of austenite；It is solid-solubilized in matrix and carbide, Ke Yiqiang
Change matrix, improve hardness, improve the quenching degree of matrix.But higher manganese content can cause coarse grains, and easily it is enriched to
The border of eutectic cell forms pearlite or carbide.Carbide is formed netted when serious, greatly affected the toughness of material.By
Higher toughness is required in tup, so manganese content should be controlled.
Chromium：Quenching degree can be improved, while is carbide former, in spheroidal graphite cast-iron, it can generate M with carbon3C-type carbon
Compound can be used as effective Hard Inclusion Dispersed precipitate to improve the hardness and abrasion resistance of material on matrix.Card is found through experiment
It is real：Containing Cr 0.5%, carbide accounts for 15~20%, meets actual demand.
Molybdenum：The quenching degree of material can be improved strongly.Austenite is obstructed to perlitic transformation after adding molybdenum, and reduces pearly-lustre
The critical-temperature of body, isothermal hardening is carried out at a lower temperature, can be relatively easy to obtain ferritic structure.On the other hand,
Molybdenum is the relatively low normal segregation element of distribution coefficient, and at austenite center, content is 0.39%, therefore the addition of molybdenum should be controlled 0.4%
Hereinafter, and with copper, nickel it is used cooperatively.
Copper：Austenite phase field can be expanded, improve graphite nodule shape and increase graphite nodule number.With good quenching degree,
For negative segregation element, it is negatively affected, is reduced white bright by the normal segregation of molybdenum, manganese when iron liquid can weaken when eutectic point solidifies
Area, the homogenization of promotion organization.
Nickel：Austenite phase field can effectively be expanded, improve stabilization of austenite, while there is good quenching degree, so
The mechanical property of matrix can be obviously improved.
The present invention prepares tup using carbide-containing austempering ductile iron, and it is as a kind of excellent mechanical engineering material
Material, has the characteristics that hardness height, good toughness, in light weight and flat, damping, the shortcomings that can making up potassium steel and rich chromium cast iron tup
With deficiency.And Technology for Heating Processing is very big to the tissue of carbide-containing austempering ductile iron and the influence of performance, different Austria
Family name's body parameter and isothermal parameters, it can all produce obvious performance difference.
Due to gangue lower hardness, and it is more crisp, impulsive force is smaller during hammer crushing crusher machine, isothermal hardening
The work-hardening capacity of the preparation method of spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup is less than carbide-containing austempering ductile iron abrading-ball, therefore isothermal is quenched
It should ensure that it has higher initial hardness and appropriate impact flexibility after the preparation method heat treatment of fiery spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup.
And carbide-containing austempering ductile iron is derivative a kind of new by austempering ductile iron in recent years
The ductile iron material of type.Strong carbide is added on the basis of austempering ductile iron so that in bainite+austenitic matrix more
Dissipate and be dispersed with M3C-type chromium carbide.When austenitizing temperature is higher, when carbon content is higher in austenite, austenite is more steady
It is fixed, there is more high-carbon retained austenite in final tissue, when isothermal temperature is higher, austenite is not easy to be transformed into needle-like iron element
Body and martensite, also make it that there is more high-carbon retained austenite in final tissue；And austenite structure can improve material
Impact flexibility, but the hardness of material can be reduced；In heat treatment process, impact flexibility and hardness shows to vie each other,
The process of dynamic change, therefore, according to alloying component adjustment heat treating regime, the relation of balance-impact toughness and hardness, which turns into, to be obtained
Obtain the key of good combination property；In the present invention, austenitizing temperature, austempering temperature, austenitizing are considered by overall
Time, the soaking time of isothermal hardening, the relation between four technological parameters is disclosed, by being integrated to four technological parameters
Consider, optimize system of heat treatment process so that material has good combination property.The hardness of the present invention up to HRC 55,
Ballistic work meets actual production demand up to 39.3J.
Embodiment
Below, technical scheme is described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1, melting：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy, tapping temperature
For 1450 DEG C；The component of aluminium alloy includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.52%, silicon：2.60%, manganese：0.40%, chromium：
0.45%, molybdenum：0.26%, copper：0.52%, nickel：0.39%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining is iron；
S2, cast：Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate, pouring temperature is 1350 DEG C；
S3, heat treatment：Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated 1.8h, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup, isothermal quenching time 4.2h；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1,
Austempering temperature TD=220+K2×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 15, austenitizing temperature be 935 DEG C, K2Value be 6,
Austempering temperature is 256.7 DEG C, nCarbonAnd nSiliconPercentage by weight shared by carbon and element silicon respectively in aluminium alloy.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1, melting：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy, tapping temperature
For 1480 DEG C；The component of aluminium alloy includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.58%, silicon：2.50%, manganese：0.35%, chromium：
0.48%, molybdenum：0.23%, copper：0.55%, nickel：0.36%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining is iron；
S2, cast：Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate, pouring temperature is 1440 DEG C；
S3, heat treatment：Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated 2.2h, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup, isothermal quenching time 3.8h；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1,
Austempering temperature TD=220+K2×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 20, austenitizing temperature be 940 DEG C, K2Value be 5,
Austempering temperature is 250.4 DEG C, nCarbonAnd nSiliconPercentage by weight shared by carbon and element silicon respectively in aluminium alloy.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1, melting：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy, tapping temperature
For 1470 DEG C；The component of aluminium alloy includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.54%, silicon：2.58%, manganese：0.36%, chromium：
0.47%, molybdenum：0.24%, copper：0.54%, nickel：0.37%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining is iron；
S2, cast：Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate, pouring temperature is 1420 DEG C；
S3, heat treatment：Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated 2h, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance ball
Black cast iron tup, isothermal quenching time 4h；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1, isothermal
Hardening heat TD=220+K2×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 16, austenitizing temperature be 936 DEG C, K2Value be 5.6, etc.
Warm hardening heat is 254.3 DEG C, nCarbonAnd nSiliconPercentage by weight shared by carbon and element silicon respectively in aluminium alloy.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1, melting：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy, tapping temperature
For 1460 DEG C；The component of aluminium alloy includes by weight percentage：Carbon：3.56%, silicon：2.55%, manganese：0.38%, chromium：
0.46%, molybdenum：0.25%, copper：0.53%, nickel：0.38%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining is iron；
S2, cast：Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate, pouring temperature is 1380 DEG C；
S3, heat treatment：Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated 2h, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance ball
Black cast iron tup, isothermal quenching time 4h；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1, isothermal
Hardening heat TD=220+K2×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 18, austenitizing temperature be 938 DEG C, K2Value be 5.4, etc.
Warm hardening heat is 253 DEG C, nCarbonAnd nSiliconPercentage by weight shared by carbon and element silicon respectively in aluminium alloy.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, melting：Raw material is placed in smelting furnace and is warming up to molten condition, it is quenched, come out of the stove to obtain aluminium alloy；The component of aluminium alloy
Include by weight percentage：Carbon：3.52~3.58%, silicon：2.50~2.60%, manganese：0.35~0.40%, chromium：0.45~0.48%,
Molybdenum：0.23~0.26%, copper：0.52~0.55%, nickel：0.36~0.39%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining is iron,
Wherein in aluminium alloy, the weight ratio of carbon and chromium is 3.54~3.56：0.46~0.47；
S2, cast：Aluminium alloy is poured into a mould to obtain tup base substrate, pouring temperature >=1350 DEG C；
S3, heat treatment：Tup base substrate is heated up and carries out austenitizing, is then incubated, isothermal hardening obtains impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron
Tup；Wherein austenitizing temperature TA=920+K1×100×(nCarbon+nSilicon)/6.1, austempering temperature TD=220+ K2×100×
(nCarbon+nSilicon)；K1Value be 15~20, K2Value be 5~6, nCarbonAnd nSiliconWeight shared by carbon and element silicon respectively in aluminium alloy
Percentage.
2. the preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in S1 aluminium alloy,
The weight ratio of manganese element, copper and nickel element is 0.36~0.38：0.53~0.54：0.37~0.38.
3. the preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in S1, aluminium alloy
Component include by weight percentage：Carbon：3.54~3.56%, silicon：2.55~2.58%, manganese：0.36~0.38%, chromium：0.46~
0.47%, molybdenum：0.24~0.25%, copper：0.53~0.54%, nickel：0.37~0.38%, phosphorus：≤ 0.05%, sulphur：≤ 0.03%, remaining
For iron.
4. the preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in S1, go out furnace temperature
Spend for 1450~1480 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in S3, K1Value
For 16~18, K2Value be 5.4~5.6.
6. the preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in S3, during insulation
Between be 1.8~2.2h.
7. the preparation method of impact resistance spheroidal graphite cast-iron tup according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in S3, isothermal is quenched
The fiery time is 3.8~4.2h.
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