CN110027188B - 改进的挤出机系统 - Google Patents

改进的挤出机系统 Download PDF

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CN110027188B
CN110027188B CN201811549840.8A CN201811549840A CN110027188B CN 110027188 B CN110027188 B CN 110027188B CN 201811549840 A CN201811549840 A CN 201811549840A CN 110027188 B CN110027188 B CN 110027188B
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cylindrical barrel
screw
support frame
extruder
insert
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CN110027188A (zh
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陈红兵
C.D.戴尔伦
J.A.菲利普森
J.瓦纳斯达尔
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2567Hopper or feeder parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7476Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
    • B29B7/7495Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2888Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules in band or in strip form, e.g. rubber strips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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    • B29C48/501Extruder feed section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/64Screws with two or more threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/64Screws with two or more threads
    • B29C48/655Screws with two or more threads having three or more threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/686Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having grooves or cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/72Feedback means, i.e. part of the molten material being fed back into upstream stages of the extruder
    • B29C48/725Feedback means, i.e. part of the molten material being fed back into upstream stages of the extruder for plasticising or homogenising devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514Pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating

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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种改进的挤出机系统。公开了一种改进的挤出机设备,其包括具有供给端和排出端的圆柱形筒,进给端具有与料斗流体连通的入口。挤出机螺杆安装在圆柱形筒中,并且螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹。其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和在螺杆上游的第二开口,用于释放压力。

Description

改进的挤出机系统
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及用于橡胶加工的挤出机,并且更具体地涉及一种用于挤出机螺杆的改进的进给系统。
背景技术
本领域中已知利用螺杆挤出机挤出诸如橡胶的粘弹性材料。本领域中已知利用进给箱,以将橡胶板坯化合物供给到挤出机中。橡胶板坯或原料典型地在室温下供给到料斗中。如图1所示,橡胶球10典型地在进入挤出机螺杆时在料斗20的喉口12处形成。橡胶球明显比进给原料热,并且倾向于接触进给带材,导致断裂或“咬断”。进给带材由于带材进给张力也可能咬断或断裂。这典型地当利用低强度化合物、尤其地利用胎面胶时出现。该问题通过作用在螺杆螺纹上抵抗进给辊和进给箱的“剪刀”作用而恶化。如果进给带材断裂,则这将导致工人不得不清理进给箱。因而,希望具有一种克服板坯咬断问题的改进的挤出机螺杆和进给系统。
发明内容
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口,并且其中插件的上表面与支撑框架的上表面齐平。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口,并且其中插件的下表面紧靠挤出机螺杆定位。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口,并且其中插件的下表面是弯曲的。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口,并且其中第二开口位于支撑框架下游。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口,并且其中第二开口位于喉口下游。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹,其中圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口,并且其中插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口,并且其中,一个开口邻近插件形成在支撑框架中,其中所述开口是料斗的最小横截面积。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;其中圆柱形筒的入口端连接至料斗的喉口;并且其中一个或多个压力释放通路位于圆柱形筒中,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第一端位于圆柱形筒中并与挤出机螺杆的压力流体连通,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于挤出机螺杆上游。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;其中圆柱形筒的入口端连接至料斗的喉口;并且其中,一个或多个压力释放通路位于圆柱形筒中,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第一端位于圆柱形筒中并与挤出机螺杆的压力流体连通,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于挤出机螺杆上游,并且其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于喉口下游。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在所述圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;其中圆柱形筒的入口端连接至料斗的喉口;并且其中一个或多个压力释放通路位于圆柱形筒中,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第一端位于圆柱形筒中并与挤出机螺杆的压力流体连通,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于挤出机螺杆上游,并且其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于喉口处。
本发明的一个或多个实施例提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在所述圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;其中圆柱形筒的入口端连接至料斗的喉口;并且其中一个或多个压力释放通路位于圆柱形筒中,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第一端位于圆柱形筒中并与挤出机螺杆的压力流体连通,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于挤出机螺杆上游,并且其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于喉口上游。
本发明的挤出机设备包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;和挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中。螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺纹。圆柱形筒的入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口。插件安装至支撑框架并具有向下延伸到圆柱形筒中的下端,其中插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在下端上的第一开口和第二开口。
本发明在第二方面中提供了一种挤出机设备,包括:圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;挤出机螺杆,其安装在圆柱形筒中;螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;其中圆柱形筒的入口端连接至料斗的喉口;其中一个或多个压力释放通路位于圆柱形筒中,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第一端位于圆柱形筒中并与挤出机螺杆的压力流体连通,其中所述一个或多个压力释放通路的第二端位于挤出机螺杆上游。
定义
料斗——典型地连接至挤出机供给箱的顶部的锥形板坯进给“斜槽”。进给料斗在进给到挤出机中的化合物板坯中建立折叠。
供给箱——挤出机的螺杆暴露以接受橡胶板坯供给的区域。典型的冷进给挤出机具有从动进给辊组件,其与螺杆螺纹形成夹紧区域,并用于将板坯化合物拉过进给料斗并填充螺杆螺纹。进给辊组件通常是铰链组件,其能打开,用于接近螺杆和供给箱清理和更大的维护。
冷进给挤出机——用于加工包括橡胶的粘弹性材料的一台机器。该机器接受以板坯形式的冷化合物,使化合物变暖并借助于旋转的机械螺杆使化合物从进给箱移向筒的端部。
附图说明
将作为示例并参考附图描述本发明,其中:
图1是如朝着螺杆向下观察料斗的料斗和螺杆系统的示意图;
图2是改进的进给料斗和螺杆系统的横截面视图;
图3是在图2的方向3-3上的改进的进给料斗和螺杆组件的横截面视图;
图4是本发明的压力释放组件的分解图;
图5是图4的压力释放组件的侧视图;
图6是图4的压力释放组件的顶部透视图;
图7是向下观察料斗的视图,以图示被重新供给到上游段中的回流橡胶;
图8是向下观察料斗的视图,以图示供给到料斗中的黄色原料,其中,回流的蓝色橡胶被重新供给到上游段中;
图9是本发明的挤出机系统的替代实施例。
具体实施方式
图2图示了大体上以10示出的本发明的挤出机组件,其包括大体上以20示出的进给料斗,用于将橡胶原料供给至挤出机螺杆12。挤出机螺杆12安装在圆柱形筒14中。挤出机螺杆12可旋转地安装在圆柱形筒14中,并适当地以轴颈安装在料斗20中的轴衬16中。挤出机螺杆12典型地通过诸如马达和齿轮箱(未示出)的动力装置旋转。挤出机螺杆12具有细长的圆柱形本体13,其具有安装在其上的至少两条螺旋形螺杆螺纹30、32。圆柱形筒具有出口端,所述出口端与挤出机螺杆和模具一起可被用于形成诸如橡胶的粘弹性材料的橡胶部件。
圆柱形筒14在挤出机螺杆的进给箱44处具有入口40。筒入口连接处进给料斗20的出口端或喉口24。料斗20具有带有倾斜侧壁23的大的入口端22,所述倾斜侧壁23形成从入口端22到喉口24减小的横截面积。喉口24典型地在形状上是矩形的,并且大体上相当宽以允许由操作者方便接近圆柱形筒和挤出机螺杆。
料斗喉口24安装至本发明的压力释放组件100的支撑框架110的上端。支撑框架的横截面形状优选地是矩形的,或者成形为与喉口的横截面形状匹配。支撑框架110的下端112安装至圆柱形筒的入口40。替代性地,压力释放组件100能与料斗一体地形成。压力释放组件100还包括压力降低插件120,其具有与支撑框架110形成齐平表面的上端122。压力降低插件120为便于检修优选地可拆卸地安装在支撑框架中。当压力降低插件120安装在支撑框架中时,在料斗中形成减小的喉口开口145。压力降低插件120还包括向下游延伸并邻近挤出机螺杆12安装的弯曲的下端130。压力降低插件的下端130具有内部流体通路144。内部流体通路144近似为90度,并具有邻近螺杆定位在圆柱形筒中的入口开口140。内部流体通路具有位于下端130上游的出口142。流体通路的出口142优选地具有在3-25mm的范围内、更优选地在大约5-15mm(大约意味着+/-10%)的范围内的直径。替代性地,流体通路的横截面积可从大约7到490平方毫米变化。内部流体通路用于降低喉口与螺杆之间的压力差,并且还用于重新引导在螺杆上游的回流橡胶流动以重新供给。另外,重新供给的橡胶的尺寸通过调整流体通路的横截面积来控制。
图7和图8图示了通过利用发明的压力释放组件,朝着料斗的离开橡胶滚动球的一侧引导板坯供给,以避免干涉。此外,由于压力差减小,也减小滚动球的尺寸以及减少咬断。
在图9中示出了本发明的替代实施例。除以下差异之外,挤出机系统与以上所描述的相同。没有利用压力降低组件100。代替地,在变型的挤出机系统210中设置有一个或多个压力释放通道200。一个或多个压力释放通道200具有邻近螺杆定位的第一孔220,用于与螺杆流体连通。第一孔220可位于圆柱形筒14中。一个或多个压力释放通道具有位于第一孔220上游并位于挤出机螺杆12上游的第二孔230。第二孔230优选地位于料斗24的喉口中或者位于喉口的大致区域中。发明人通过实验已发现,通过利用任一压力释放通道,它们能够减小滚动球的尺寸。他们发现,料斗的喉口与挤出机螺杆筒中的压力之间的大的压力差导致倾向引起咬断的大的滚动球。通过释放或减小大的压力差,它们能够减小滚动球的尺寸并减少咬断。
尽管为了说明本发明已示出了特定代表性的实施例,但对本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下可作出各种变化和变型。

Claims (6)

1.一种挤出机设备,其特征在于包括:
圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;
挤出机螺杆,其安装在所述圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;
其中所述圆柱形筒的所述入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中所述支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口;并且
其中插件安装至所述支撑框架并具有向下延伸到所述圆柱形筒中的下端,其中所述插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在所述下端上的第一开口和位于所述支撑框架下游的第二开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机设备,其特征在于,所述插件的上表面与所述支撑框架的上表面齐平。
3.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机设备,其特征在于,所述插件的下表面紧靠所述挤出机螺杆定位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机设备,其特征在于,所述插件的下表面是弯曲的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机设备,其特征在于,一个喉口开口邻近所述插件形成在所述支撑框架中,其中所述喉口开口是所述料斗的最小横截面积。
6.一种挤出机设备,其特征在于包括:
圆柱形筒,其具有入口端和出口端;
挤出机螺杆,其安装在所述圆柱形筒中;所述螺杆具有外表面,所述外表面具有安装在其上的一条或多条螺旋形螺纹;
其中所述圆柱形筒的所述入口端具有安装到其上的支撑框架,其中所述支撑框架的上表面连接至料斗的喉口;并且
其中插件安装至所述支撑框架并具有向下延伸到所述圆柱形筒中的下端,其中所述插件具有内部通路,所述内部通路具有在所述下端上的第一开口和位于所述喉口下游的第二开口。
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