CN110021717B - 具有气体吸附层的电池壳体和包括该电池壳体的电池单元 - Google Patents
具有气体吸附层的电池壳体和包括该电池壳体的电池单元 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110021717B CN110021717B CN201811610960.4A CN201811610960A CN110021717B CN 110021717 B CN110021717 B CN 110021717B CN 201811610960 A CN201811610960 A CN 201811610960A CN 110021717 B CN110021717 B CN 110021717B
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Abstract
公开了一种电池壳体,包括正极、负极和插置在正极与负极之间的隔板的电极组件与电解液一起被容纳在电池壳体中,在电池壳体的内表面上形成有气体吸附层,并且气体吸附层包括:用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料层;和形成在气体吸附材料层的外表面上的、用于防止气体吸附材料层暴露于外部的阻挡层。结果,当组装电池时,不吸附空气中的气体。在最终密封电池之后,阻挡层被电解液溶解,由此有效地吸附仅在电池中产生的气体。因此,可防止电池的厚度或内压由于电池中产生的气体而增加,由此可大大地提高电池的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括气体吸附层的电池壳体和包括该电池壳体的电池,更具体地,涉及一种电池壳体,该电池壳体包括与电极组件相对的、形成在其内表面上的气体吸附层,其中该气体吸附层包括用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料层;以及形成在气体吸附材料层的外表面上的、用于在预定条件满足之前防止气体吸附材料层暴露于外部的阻挡层。
背景技术
作为用于需要高输出和大容量的运输工具的电源,能够重复充电和放电的二次电池引起了相当大的关注,所述需要高输出和大容量的运输工具包括电动车(EV)、混合动力电动车(HEV)和插电式混合动力电动车(Plug-In HEV),这些车已被提出作为现有汽油车和柴油车的替代品。
基于二次电池的形状,二次电池可分为圆柱形电池、棱柱形电池和袋形电池。在这些电池之中,能够以较高集成度堆叠、具有较高的每单位重量的能量密度、廉价且易于变形的袋形电池引起了相当大的关注。特别地,近年来,由于轻质、低制造成本、其形状易于改变等原因,使用铝层压片作为外壳构件的袋形电池受到很多关注。
然而,在电池被最终密封之后,当袋形电池处于异常状态,诸如电池中的短路、电池以高于允许的电流或电压的过充电、或电池暴露于高温时,电解液溶解在电池中,由此在电池中可产生高压气体。所产生的高压气体可使电池的袋形电池壳体变形,可缩短电池的寿命,甚至可导致电池着火或爆炸。
例如,过热的电池可产生气体,并且在袋形电池壳体中的加压气体可进一步加速构成电池的组分的分解,这可导致电池的持续过热和电池中气体的产生。如果电池的温度达到电池的临界温度,则电池可着火或爆炸。此外,在多个单元电池被密集地聚集在有限空间中的情况下,如在电池模块中的情况下,可发生重大事故。
按照惯例,为了提高电池的安全性,使用正温度系数(PTC)元件、保险丝或减压保护电路,或者给电解液或电极添加用于提高电池的安全性的添加剂。然而,即使在提供这些手段的情况下,当电池处于异常状态时,由于电池中的异常反应,在电池中仍产生气体,或者由于这种材料的添加,电池的性能降低。
近年来,对更高能量密度的需求增加,由此已从电池逐渐去除起到常规气袋作用的部分。由于该原因,为了在不降低电池整体性能的情况下防止电池着火或爆炸,需要一种能够有效地去除在电池中限定的有限空间中产生的气体的新方法。
专利文献1公开了一种层压片,该层压片包括其中含有气体吸附聚合物的气体吸附聚合物层。然而,没有提供用于保护气体吸附聚合物层的结构。结果,在组装电池期间,空气中的气体可被吸附到气体吸附聚合物层,由此试图吸附仅在电池中产生的气体的效果迅速地降低。
专利文献2公开了一种二次电池,该二次电池配置成具有其中气体吸附层插置在层压片的金属层与密封层之间的结构,其中,当密封层由于施加于电池的外部冲击或者由于电池中产生的热量或压力而被去除时,气体吸附层被暴露出来,以便吸附电池中产生的气体。然而,仅在电池处于极端异常状态时才进行二次电池中的气体吸附,因此不可能有效地控制已经过热的电池。
专利文献3公开了一种层压片,该层压片包括用于吸附在电池中产生的气体的气体吸附聚合物层。然而,没有提供用于保护气体吸附聚合物层的结构。结果,在组装电池的同时空气中的气体被吸附到气体吸附聚合物层,由此吸附电池中产生的气体的效果可降低。
-相关技术文献
(专利文献1)韩国专利申请公开第2017-0082328号
(专利文献2)韩国专利申请公开第2016-0037473号
(专利文献3)韩国专利申请公开第2017-0064796号
发明内容
技术问题
本发明是鉴于上述问题和其他仍要解决的技术问题而完成的,本发明的目的在于提供一种包括气体吸附层的电池壳体,为了有效地吸附仅在电池中产生的气体,气体吸附层包括形成在电池壳体的内表面上从而在组装电池时暴露于外部空气的气体吸附材料层和阻挡层。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面,通过提供一种电池壳体可实现上述和其它目的,包括正极、负极和插置在所述正极与所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件与电解液一起被容纳在所述电池壳体中,在所述电池壳体的内表面上形成有气体吸附层,并且所述气体吸附层包括:用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料层;以及形成在所述气体吸附材料层的外表面上的、用于防止所述气体吸附材料层暴露于外部的阻挡层。
所述气体吸附层可形成在所述电池壳体所形成的容纳单元的、与所述电解液接触的内表面的至少一部分上或整个内表面上。
所述阻挡层可由被所述电解液溶解或分散的材料制成。所述阻挡层可被注入到所述电池壳体中的所述电解液溶解或分散,使得所述气体吸附材料层暴露于所述电池壳体的所述内表面。
用于阻挡层的材料没有特别地限制,只要阻挡层是由不透气并且能够被电解液溶解或分散的材料制成即可。具体地说,阻挡层可由聚合物膜制成。
在一具体示例中,阻挡层可由膜制成,所述膜的至少一部分由于接触电解液而熔融(melt)。所述膜可以是不透过空气的膜,并且当所述膜接触到电解液时,由于电解液中的碳酸酯基溶剂渗透到所述膜的分子之间限定的空间中,所述膜的至少一部分熔融。此外,所述膜可以是选自聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯乙酸乙烯酯和OPS之中的聚合物膜。
此外,阻挡层可由固体型或凝胶型电解质制成。在这种情况下,在电池中产生气体时消耗的电解液可得到补充,由此可增加电池的寿命。
所述气体吸附材料层可包括选自由表现出高气体吸附性的有机或无机化合物或金属所组成的组中的至少一种气体吸附材料。
气体吸附材料的种类没有特别地限制,只要气体吸附材料能够以高速率容易地吸附在电池中产生的气体,从而表现出期望的效果即可。具体地说,气体吸附材料可以是选自由表现出高气体吸附性的分子筛和金属组分组成的组中的至少一种。
表现出高气体吸附性的分子筛可以是选自由硅胶、碳纤维、多孔碳材料、多孔金属氧化物和多孔凝胶组成的组中的至少一种。
在此,多孔碳材料可以是选自由碳分子筛和活性炭组成的组中的至少一种,多孔金属氧化物可以是选自由沸石、硅胶和氧化铝组成的组中的至少一种。
此外,金属组分可以是选自由镍(Ni)、铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、铊(Tl)、锆(Zr)、铪(Hr)、钒(V)、铌(Nb)、钽(Ta)、铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)和钨(W)组成的组中的至少一种。
此外,可使用氢氧化钠(NaOH)、氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)或氢氧化钾(KOH)。
此外,考虑到所使用的电极活性材料和电解液的种类,可包括能够吸附大量所产生的气体的特定气体吸附材料,以便选择性地去除气体。
所述电池壳体可由包括外涂层、金属层和内树脂层的层压袋制成,或可由罐形金属制成。
外涂层限定袋形电池壳体的外表面。因此,外涂层必须表现出高抗拉强度和高耐候性,以便稳定地保护电极组件免受外部环境的影响。由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或取向尼龙(ONy)制成的外涂层可满足上述要求。罐形电池壳体不需要与层压片的强度相当的强度。
金属层是用于阻挡含有空气、水分等的气体的层。金属层可由表现出高成形性和预定强度并且能够阻挡水分或空气的材料制成。金属层可由铝、铝合金、铜、不锈钢或铁合金制成。
在一具体示例中,内树脂层可具有包含于其中的气体吸附材料。
在气体吸附材料包含在内树脂层中的情况下,可减小电池的厚度。此外,可减小电池中无用空间的尺寸,由此可提高电池的能量密度。
可包括气体吸附材料,使得基于内树脂层的总重量,气体吸附材料占40重量%至90重量%。具体地说,可包括气体吸附材料,使得基于内树脂层的总重量,气体吸附材料占50重量%至90重量%。更具体地说,可包括气体吸附材料,使得基于内树脂层的总重量,气体吸附材料占50重量%至80重量%。
在包括气体吸附材料,使得基于内树脂层的总重量,气体吸附材料占小于40重量%的情况下,在电池正常使用时吸附的气体量减少,由此在短时间内可能发生膨胀现象,这是不希望的。在包括气体吸附材料,使得基于内树脂层的总重量,气体吸附材料占大于90重量%的情况下,内树脂层的密封力降低,这也是不希望的。
此外,气体吸附材料可形成为单独的层,而不是包括在层压片的内树脂层中。然而,在这种情况下,必须给包括气体吸附材料的层提供能够提供粘合力的单独材料。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种包括所述电池壳体的电池单元。
电池可以是一次电池或二次电池。
基于电池壳体的形状,二次电池可以是具有安装在圆柱形金属罐中的电极组件的圆柱形电池、具有安装在棱柱形金属罐中的电极组件的棱柱形电池、或具有安装在由铝层压片制成的袋形壳体中的电池组件的袋形电池。
二次电池可以是锂二次电池,锂二次电池配置成具有其中在正极与负极之间插置有隔板的电极组件被含锂盐的非水电解液浸渍的结构。
例如通过将包括正极活性材料的正极混合物施加到正极集电器并干燥该正极混合物来制造正极。根据需要,正极混合物可进一步选择性地包括粘合剂、导电剂和填料。
通常,正极集电器被制造成具有3μm至500μm的厚度。正极集电器没有特别地限制,只要正极集电器表现出高导电性且同时正极集电器不会在应用该正极集电器的电池中引起任何化学变化即可。例如,正极集电器可由不锈钢、铝、镍、钛或塑性碳制成。或者,正极集电器可由表面被碳、镍、钛或银处理过的铝或不锈钢制成。此外,正极集电器可具有形成在其表面上的微尺度的凹凸图案,从而增加正极活性材料的粘合力。正极集电器可配置为诸如膜、片、箔、网、多孔体、泡沫体以及无纺布体之类的各种形式。
正极活性材料是能够引起电化学反应的材料。正极活性材料可以是包括两种或更多种过渡金属的锂过渡金属氧化物。例如,正极活性材料可以是但不限于:层状化合物,诸如由一种或多种过渡金属所取代的锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)或锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2);由一种或多种过渡金属所取代的锂锰氧化物;由化学式LiNi1-yMyO2(其中M=Co、Mn、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、B、Cr、Zn或Ga,包括这些元素中的至少一种,且0.01≤y≤0.7)所表示的锂镍基氧化物;由化学式Li1+zNibMncCo1-(b+c+d)MdO(2-e)Ae(其中-0.5≤z≤0.5,0.1≤b≤0.8,0.1≤c≤0.8,0≤d≤0.2,0≤e≤0.2,b+c+d<1,M=Al、Mg、Cr、Ti、Si或Y,且A=F、P或Cl)所表示的锂镍钴锰复合氧化物,诸如Li1+zNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2或Li1+zNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2;或者由化学式Li1+xM1-yM’yPO4-zXz(其中M=过渡金属,优选的是Fe、Mn、Co或Ni,M’=Al、Mg或Ti,X=F、S或N,-0.5≤x≤0.5,0≤y≤0.5,且0≤z≤0.1)所表示的橄榄石基锂金属磷酸盐。
通常添加导电剂,使得基于包含正极活性材料的化合物的总重量,导电剂占1重量%至30重量%。导电剂没有特别地限制,只要导电剂表现出高导电性且不会在应用该导电剂的电池中引起任何化学变化即可。例如,可使用以下材料作为导电剂:石墨,诸如天然石墨或人造石墨;炭黑,诸如炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉法炭黑、灯黑或夏黑(summer black);导电纤维,诸如碳纤维或金属纤维;金属粉末,诸如氟化碳粉末、铝粉或镍粉;导电晶须,诸如氧化锌或钛酸钾;导电金属氧化物,诸如钛氧化物;或导电材料,诸如聚苯撑衍生物。
粘合剂是辅助活性材料与导电剂之间的粘合以及与集电器的粘合的一种组分。基于包含正极活性材料的化合物的总重量,粘合剂通常以1重量%至30重量%的量进行添加。作为粘合剂的示例,可使用聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体(EPDM)、磺化EPDM、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、氟橡胶、以及各种共聚物。
填料是用于抑制电极的膨胀的一种可选组分。对于填料没有特别的限制,只要填料由纤维材料制成且同时填料不会在应用该填料的电池中引起化学变化即可。作为填料的示例,可使用烯烃基聚合物,诸如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;以及纤维材料,诸如玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
例如可通过将包括负极活性材料的负极混合物施加到负极集电器并干燥该负极混合物来制造负极。根据需要,负极混合物可包括上述组分,诸如导电剂、粘合剂和填料。
通常,负极集电器被制造成具有3μm至500μm的厚度。负极集电器没有特别地限制,只要负极集电器表现出高导电性且同时负极集电器不会在应用该负极集电器的电池中引起任何化学变化即可。例如,负极集电器可由铜、不锈钢、铝、镍、钛或塑性碳制成。或者,负极集电器可由铝镉合金或者表面被碳、镍、钛或银处理过的铜或不锈钢制成。此外,以与正极集电器相同的方式,负极集电器可具有形成在其表面上的微尺度的凹凸图案,从而增加负极活性材料的粘合力。负极集电器可配置为诸如膜、片、箔、网、多孔体、泡沫体以及无纺布体之类的各种形式。
负极活性材料包括上述硅系化合物。作为负极活性材料,例如,可使用碳,诸如非石墨化碳或石墨系碳;金属复合氧化物,诸如LixFe2O3(0≤x≤1)、LixWO2(0≤x≤1)、或SnxMe1-xMe’yOz(Me:Mn、Fe、Pb、Ge;Me’:Al、B、P、Si、元素周期表第1、2和3族元素、卤素;0≤x≤1;1≤y≤3;1≤z≤8);锂金属;锂合金;硅系合金;锡系合金;金属氧化物,诸如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4或Bi2O5;导电聚合物,诸如聚乙炔;或Li-Co-Ni系材料。
可与结合正极描述的那些相同地施加粘合剂、导电剂和填料的组分。
此外,可从诸如粘度调控剂和粘合促进剂之类的其他组分中选择性地包括一种组分,或者可进一步包括两种或更多种组分的组合。
粘度调控剂是用于调控电极混合物的粘度,从而利于电极混合物的混合以及利于电极混合物涂布在集电器上的一种组分。基于负极混合物的总重量,粘度调控剂可以以高达30重量%的量进行添加。粘度调控剂的示例包括但不限于羧甲基纤维素和聚偏二氟乙烯。然而,本发明不限于此。根据情况,上述溶剂也可起到粘度调控剂的作用。
粘合促进剂是被添加以改善电极活性材料与电极集电器之间的粘合性的一种辅助组分。基于粘合剂的量,粘合促进剂可以以10重量%或更少的量进行添加。粘合促进剂的示例包括但不限于草酸、己二酸、甲酸、丙烯酸衍生物和衣康酸衍生物。
含有锂盐的非水电解液由电解液和锂盐构成。可使用非水有机溶剂、有机固体电解质或无机固体电解质作为电解液。
作为非水有机溶剂的示例,可提及非质子有机溶剂,诸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃(tetrahydroxy Franc)、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯和丙酸乙酯。
作为有机固体电解质的示例,可提及聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烷衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、聚赖氨酸(poly agitation lysine)、聚酯硫醚、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯和含有离子解离基团的聚合物。
作为无机固体电解质的示例,可提及锂(Li)的氮化物、卤化物和硫酸盐,诸如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH和Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
锂盐是易溶于上述非水电解质的材料,例如可包括LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2Nli、氯硼烷锂、低级脂肪族羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂和酰亚胺。
此外,为了改善充放电特性和阻燃性,例如,可给非水电解液添加吡啶、三乙基亚磷酸酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、n-甘醇二甲醚、六磷酸三酰胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的恶唑烷酮、N,N-取代的咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝或类似物。根据情况,为了赋予其不可燃性,非水电解液可进一步包括含卤溶剂,诸如四氯化碳和三氟乙烯。此外,为了改善其高温保持特性,非水电解液可进一步包括二氧化碳气体。此外,可进一步包括氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)和丙烯磺内酯(PRS)。
在优选的示例中,为了制造含有锂盐的非水电解质,可将诸如LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4或LiN(SO2CF3)2之类的锂盐添加到作为高介电溶剂的诸如EC或PC之类的环状碳酸酯和作为低粘度溶剂的诸如DEC、DMC或EMC之类的线性碳酸酯的混合溶剂中。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种包括所述电池的电池组。
具体地说,电池组可用作需要能够承受高温、长周期、高速率特性等的装置的电源。所述装置的具体示例可包括移动电子装置、可穿戴电子装置、由电池供电的电动机驱动的电动工具、诸如电动车(EV)、混合动力电动车(HEV)或插电式混合动力电动车(PHEV)之类的电动汽车、诸如电动自行车(E-bike)或电动滑板车(E-scooter)之类的电动两轮车、电动高尔夫球车和电力存储系统。然而,本发明不限于此。
所述装置的结构和制造方法在本发明所属领域中是已知的,将省略其详细描述。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明一实施方式的袋形电池壳体的垂直剖面图。
图2是示出根据本发明另一实施方式的袋形电池壳体的垂直剖面图。
图3是示出根据本发明一实施方式的罐形电池壳体的垂直剖面图。
图4是示出袋形二次电池的局部垂直剖面图,该二次电池配置成具有其中电极组件与电解液一起容纳在图1的电池壳体中的结构。
具体实施方式
现在,将参照附图详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式,使得本发明所属领域的普通技术人员可容易地实现本发明的优选实施方式。然而,在详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式的操作原理时,当结合在此的已知功能和构造可能模糊本发明的主题时,将省略其详细描述。
只要有可能,在整个附图中将使用相同的参考标记来表示执行类似功能或操作的部分。同时,在本发明的以下描述中一个部分“连接”至另一部分的情况下,该一个部分不仅可直接连接至另一部分,而且该一个部分也可经由再一部分间接连接至另一部分。此外,“包括”某个元件并不意味着排除其他元件,而是可进一步包括其他元件,除非另有说明。
现在将详细参照本发明的优选实施方式,附图中图解了这些实施方式的一些例子。
图1是示出根据本发明一实施方式的袋形电池壳体100的垂直剖面图。
图1的袋形电池壳体100配置成具有其中气体吸附层120贴附到层压片110的内表面的结构,层压片110包括从外部顺序地堆叠的外涂层111、金属层112和内树脂层113。
气体吸附层120包括用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料层121;以及形成在气体吸附材料层121的外表面上的、用于防止气体吸附材料层121暴露于外部的阻挡层122。
图2是示出根据本发明另一实施方式的袋形电池壳体200的垂直剖面图。
参照图2,袋形电池壳体200配置成具有其中阻挡层222贴附到层压片210的内表面的结构,层压片210包括从外部顺序地堆叠的外涂层211、金属层212和内树脂层213。
袋形电池壳体200不包括单独的气体吸附材料层。而是,气体吸附材料223被包括在内树脂层213中。
图3是示出根据本发明一实施方式的罐形电池壳体300的垂直剖面图。
参照图3,罐形电池壳体300配置成具有其中气体吸附层320贴附到罐形金属310的内表面的结构,气体吸附层320包括气体吸附材料层321和阻挡层322。
图4是示出袋形二次电池的局部垂直剖面图,该二次电池配置成具有其中电极组件140与电解液130一起被容纳在袋形电池壳体100中的结构。
参照图1和图4,将电极组件140放置在袋形电池壳体100中,将电解液130注入袋形电池壳体100中,并进行最终密封工序。结果,阻挡层被电解液130溶解或分散,由此气体吸附材料层121暴露于袋形电池壳体100的内表面。
暴露于袋形电池壳体的内表面的气体吸附材料层121吸附电池中产生的气体。图4中并未示出阻挡层122,而是阻挡层122被电解液溶解或分散。
在以上结构中,当电池正常使用时不可避免地产生的气体、以及当电池异常使用时产生的气体直接地与构成气体吸附材料层的气体吸附材料进行反应,由此这些气体被极为迅速地去除。结果,膨胀现象得以减少。因此,可最大程度地防止电池爆炸或着火,由此可提高电池的安全性。特别是,根据本发明的袋形二次电池的特征在于,袋形二次电池配置成具有能够防止在组装电池时可能发生的不希望的气体吸附并且能够仅允许在实际使用电池时气体的吸附的结构,这在常规技术中尚未公开或提出。因此,本发明通过以上非常简单的结构而提供了强大的效果。
本发明所属领域的技术人员将理解,在不背离本发明的范围的情况下,基于以上描述可以进行各种应用和修改。
工业实用性
从以上描述中显而易见的是,根据本发明的电池壳体配置成具有其中阻挡层形成在气体吸附材料层的外表面上的结构。结果,当组装电池时,不吸附空气中的气体。在最终密封电池之后,阻挡层被电解液溶解,由此有效地吸附仅在电池中产生的气体。因此,可防止电池的厚度或内压由于电池中产生的气体而增加,由此可大大地提高电池的安全性。
此外,电池中无用空间的尺寸得以减小,由此可提高电池的能量密度。
此外,由于阻挡层可由固体型或凝胶型电解质制成,所以电池充电和放电时消耗的电解液得到补充,由此可增加电池的寿命。
参考标记说明
100、200:袋形电池壳体
300:罐形电池壳体
110、210:层压片
310:罐形金属
111、211:外涂层
112、212:金属层
113、213:内树脂层
120、320:气体吸附层
121、321:气体吸附材料层
122、222、322:阻挡层
223:气体吸附材料
130:电解液
140:电极组件
Claims (7)
1.一种袋形电池壳体,包括正极、负极和插置在所述正极与所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件与电解液一起被容纳在所述袋形电池壳体中,其中:
所述袋形电池壳体配置成具有其中气体吸附层贴附到层压片的内表面的结构,所述层压片包括从外部顺序地堆叠的外涂层、金属层和内树脂层,并且
所述气体吸附层包括:
用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料层;和
形成在所述气体吸附材料层的外表面上的、用于防止所述气体吸附材料层暴露于外部的阻挡层,
其中所述阻挡层由不透气并且能够被所述电解液溶解的材料制成。
2.一种袋形电池壳体,包括正极、负极和插置在所述正极与所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件与电解液一起被容纳在所述袋形电池壳体中,其中:
所述袋形电池壳体配置成具有其中阻挡层贴附到层压片的内表面的结构,所述层压片包括从外部顺序地堆叠的外涂层、金属层和内树脂层,所述阻挡层用于防止所述内树脂层暴露于外部,
所述内树脂层具有包含于其中的用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料,并且
其中所述阻挡层由不透气并且能够被所述电解液溶解的材料制成。
3.一种罐形电池壳体,包括正极、负极和插置在所述正极与所述负极之间的隔板的电极组件与电解液一起被容纳在所述罐形电池壳体中,其中:
所述罐形电池壳体配置成具有其中气体吸附层贴附到罐形金属的内表面的结构,并且
所述气体吸附层包括:
用于吸附电池中产生的气体的气体吸附材料层;和
形成在所述气体吸附材料层的外表面上的、用于防止所述气体吸附材料层暴露于外部的阻挡层,
其中所述阻挡层由不透气并且能够被所述电解液溶解的材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的电池壳体,其中所述气体吸附层形成在所述电池壳体所形成的容纳单元的、与所述电解液接触的内表面的至少一部分上。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的电池壳体,其中所述阻挡层被注入到所述电池壳体中的所述电解液溶解,使得所述气体吸附材料层暴露于所述电池壳体的所述内表面。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的电池壳体,其中所述气体吸附材料层包括选自由表现出高气体吸附性的有机化合物或金属所组成的组中的至少一种气体吸附材料。
7.一种电池单元,包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池壳体。
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