CN110016757B - 一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110016757B
CN110016757B CN201910287379.1A CN201910287379A CN110016757B CN 110016757 B CN110016757 B CN 110016757B CN 201910287379 A CN201910287379 A CN 201910287379A CN 110016757 B CN110016757 B CN 110016757B
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许福军
冯江涵
夏琪
何艺
刘晗
郑佳琳
徐丹瑶
白耘菲
周展
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Donghua University
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Abstract

一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:步骤1：将碳纳米管膜加捻获得碳纳米管膜卷纱线，然后浸渍于聚合物树脂溶液中，固化后得到碳纳米管涂层纱线；步骤2：将步骤1得到的碳纳米管涂层纱线作为芯纱与包覆纱编织成绳索结构，得到力学信号感知绳索。该绳索在力学拉伸作用下，碳纳米管涂层纱线的变形导致其自身电阻增大，通过对该纱线的电阻监控，可以感知绳索结构的受力情况。本发明的方法简单，适合于工业化生产，在军用、民用和海洋防护等领域广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新材料的领域，涉及一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法。
背景技术
高端绳网广泛应用在航海领域，其结构的可靠性和稳定性对船舶及船员的安全至关重要。每年有绳网断裂等事故对渔业及航行安全等造成数以亿计的损失。船舶停靠时会把锚抛在水底，使船体停稳，绳索本身需要承担的巨大载荷，一旦达到疲劳极限，所爆发的张力会对船员造成一定的生命威胁，普通的疲劳检测装置由于材质硬，且工作环境要求高，难以满足恶劣的海洋环境，因此迫切需要一种柔性绳索，使它既能够发挥固定船舶的作用，又具有实时监测本身的工作状态的功能，这种具有监测性能的绳索一旦形成绳网，会对“海洋牧场”形成有效的屏障，它会对水下大密度的浮游生物(虾群、鱼群、水母、海藻等)起到拦截作用，甚至能实现潜在威胁的有效识别与预警功能。
近年来，碳纳米管材料受到大量研究人员的关注，它是由六边形排列的碳原子组成的圆管，具有纳米级的径向尺寸与微米级的轴向尺寸，其具有钢的60倍的弹性应变，最高可达12％。碳纳米管性能优良，特别表现在热传导以及导电性能，同时由于碳纳米管具有自身的压阻效应。当它们受到拉伸作用时，它们的手性角度和能隙将发生变化，这将导致电阻的变化并表现出应变感应特性方面。但是，碳纳米管为纳米材料，很容易产生团聚效应，导致复合和加工困难，存在一定的局限性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，以碳纳米管膜为原料，通过加捻装置装备出膜卷纱，将其与树脂复合涂层后编织到绳索结构中，从而获得就有力学信号感知能力的绳索。
为了达到上述的目的，本发明提供了一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:
步骤1：将碳纳米管膜加捻获得碳纳米管膜卷纱线，然后浸渍于聚合物树脂溶液中，固化后得到碳纳米管涂层纱线；
步骤2：将步骤1得到的碳纳米管涂层纱线作为芯纱与包覆纱编织成绳索结构，得到力学信号感知绳索。
优选地，所述步骤1中碳纳米管膜厚度为5～50μm，宽度为0.5～10cm，通过调控碳纳米管膜的厚度和宽度，可获直径范围20～500μm的碳纳米管膜卷纱线。
优选地，所述步骤1中加捻的捻度范围为0.1～100/厘米，捻回角度为5～60度。
优选地，所述步骤1中聚合物树脂溶液中聚合物树脂为聚乙烯醇树脂，聚丙烯腈树脂，聚氨酯树脂和聚酰胺树脂的任意一种或几种。
优选地，所述步骤1中聚合物树脂溶液中溶剂为水、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、甲酰胺、甲酸、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮和甲醇中的任意一种或几种。
优选地，所述步骤1中聚合物树脂溶液中聚合物树脂和溶剂的质量比为1：4～100；聚合物树脂溶液的粘度控制在：50～500mPa.s；聚合物涂层可以起到绝缘和耐磨的作用。
优选地，所述步骤1中碳纳米管涂层纱线中聚合物的固化时间、温度、压力等条件由所选择的聚合物树脂种类决定。
优选地，所述步骤2中包覆纱为涤纶纤维，丙纶纤维，锦纶纤维，氨纶纤维，高强高模聚乙烯纤维和芳纶纤维中的任意一种。
优选地，编织过程中，使碳纳米管涂层纱线保持伸直状态，从而使其保持灵敏且稳定的力学监测能力。
本发明法力学信号感知绳索在力学拉伸作用下，碳纳米管涂层纱线的变形导致其自身电阻增大，通过对该纱线的电阻监控，可以感知绳索结构的受力情况。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明所述的碳纳米管膜卷纱的制备解决了碳纳米管纤维直径细，可织性差的缺点，同时制备的膜卷纱还能任意控制纱线的直径，以满足不同条件的需求。
2.本发明采用聚合涂层处理，树脂作为一种特种工程材料，具有耐高温、高绝缘、耐辐射等特点，能够有效保护碳纳米管纱线的性能稳定并赋予树脂所具有的优良性能。
3.本发明所述的应变传感纱线作为芯纱材料，在受力情况下可以产生均匀的形变，保持其灵敏和稳定的应变传感能力。
4.本发明提出的方法简单，适用于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种力学信号感知绳索，具体制备步骤如下：
步骤1：将碳纳米管膜裁剪为长50cm、宽3cm的长条，通过固定端加捻方式加捻，纱线捻度为10/厘米，得到碳纳米管膜卷纱线，然后浸渍于聚乙烯醇树脂溶液中1～3s，将纱线两端固定，放置在烘箱中固化，固化温度60℃，固化时间6h，得到碳纳米管涂层纱线；
其中，聚乙烯醇树脂溶液的配制：称取5g聚乙烯醇颗粒(日本可乐丽株式会社，牌号PVA205)，溶剂选取水和乙醇，其中水和乙醇的比例为4：1，量取80mL的水和20mL的乙醇，在搅拌机上以95℃、转速400r/min，持续8～10h，直至聚乙烯醇颗粒完全溶解，得到5wt％的聚乙烯醇树脂溶液，粘度为100mPa.s。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的碳纳米管涂层纱线作为芯纱，选用直径500旦的涤纶纤维(山东惠民县泰利化纤制品有限公司)作为包覆纱，芯纱一股，包覆纱六股，采用90-1-16锭高速机(徐州恒辉编织机械有限公司)进行编织，得到力学信号感知绳索。
所获得编织绳索的拉伸强度50牛以上，在拉伸过程中，芯纱的应变传感性能稳定，传感系数为3。通过芯纱的电阻变化的分析，可以监测绳索的受力情况。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种力学信号感知绳索，具体制备步骤如下：
步骤1：将碳纳米管膜裁剪为长50cm、宽3cm的长条，通过固定端加捻方式加捻，纱线捻度为10/厘米，得到碳纳米管膜卷纱线，然后聚酰亚氨树脂溶液(常熟佳发化学有限责任公司，型号：PI-84)中1～3s，将纱线两端固定，放置在烘箱中固化，固化温度80℃，固化时间2h，得到碳纳米管涂层纱线；
步骤2:将步骤1得到的碳纳米管涂层纱线作为芯纱，选用直径600旦的锦纶长丝(杭州万丝缕贸易有限公司)作为包覆纱，芯纱一股，包覆纱六股，采用90-1-16锭高速机(徐州恒辉编织机械有限公司)进行编织，得到力学信号感知绳索。
所获得编织绳索的拉伸强度100牛以上，在拉伸过程中，芯纱的应变传感性能稳定，传感系数为2.3。通过芯纱的电阻变化的分析，可以监测绳索的受力情况。

Claims (5)

1.一种力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤:
步骤1：将碳纳米管膜加捻获得碳纳米管膜卷纱线，然后浸渍于聚合物树脂溶液中，固化后得到碳纳米管涂层纱线；所述碳纳米管膜厚度为5～50μm，宽度为0.5～10cm，通过调控碳纳米管膜的厚度和宽度，可获直径范围20～500μm的碳纳米管膜卷纱线；所述加捻的捻度范围为0.1～100/厘米，捻回角度为5～60度；所述聚合物树脂溶液中聚合物树脂和溶剂质量比为1：4～100；聚合物树脂溶液的粘度控制在：50-500mPa·s
步骤2：将步骤1得到的碳纳米管涂层纱线作为芯纱与包覆纱编织成绳索结构，得到力学信号感知绳索。
2.如权利要求1所述力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中聚合物树脂溶液中聚合物树脂为聚乙烯醇树脂，聚丙烯腈树脂，聚氨酯树脂和聚酰胺树脂的任意一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中聚合物树脂溶液中溶剂为水、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、甲酰胺、甲酸、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮和甲醇中的任意一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中聚合物树脂溶液中聚合物树脂和溶剂质量比为1：4～100；聚合物树脂溶液的粘度控制在：50-500mPa.s。
5.如权利要求1所述力学信号感知绳索的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中包覆纱为涤纶纤维，丙纶纤维，锦纶纤维，氨纶纤维，高强高模聚乙烯纤维和芳纶纤维中的任意一种。
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