CN110006043A - 一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉 - Google Patents

一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉 Download PDF

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CN110006043A
CN110006043A CN201811646221.0A CN201811646221A CN110006043A CN 110006043 A CN110006043 A CN 110006043A CN 201811646221 A CN201811646221 A CN 201811646221A CN 110006043 A CN110006043 A CN 110006043A
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superheater
high temperature
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瞿兆舟
谢军
邓昌梅
黄兵
张心成
郑江龙
陈枫
郭孝武
周升
张利军
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Shanghai SUS Environment Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/02—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12—Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
    • F22G5/123—Water injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F22G7/12—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in flues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/04—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/16—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris
    • F28G1/166—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris from external surfaces of heat exchange conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

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Abstract

本发明涉及城市生活垃圾焚烧领域，尤其是一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，主蒸汽温度为540℃、主蒸汽压力为9.8MPa的垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，为立式悬吊结构；包括水冷燃烧室，按烟气流动方向依次是一通道、一二通道连接通道、二通道、三通道和四通道。其中二通道上部布置屏式过热器，三通道内依次布置蒸发保护器Ⅰ、蒸发保护器Ⅱ、高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器，四通道布置省煤器；采用的屏式过热器可将蒸汽加热到540℃，使配套垃圾焚烧发电厂汽轮发电机组系统热效率提高到34％。

Description

一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及城市生活垃圾焚烧领域，尤其是主蒸汽温度为540℃、主蒸汽压力为9.8MPa的垃圾焚烧锅炉。
背景技术
目前国内外垃圾焚烧发电厂锅炉蒸汽多采用4MPa、400℃，由于蒸汽初参数低其全厂发电热效率也普遍低于常规燃料电厂。目前提高垃圾焚烧发电热效率主要通过提高蒸汽初压、提高蒸汽温度、中间再热三种方式，其中以提高蒸汽温度和压力为最理想最有效技术手段。但是由于生活垃圾中含有Cl、S以及碱金属等元素，提高蒸汽温度和压力后，过热器和水冷系统面临高温腐蚀问题。目前为解决水冷系统和过热器高温腐蚀，大多采用价格昂贵的镍基或钛基堆焊防腐工艺，并且在主蒸汽温度超过500℃时，镍基和钛基堆焊层也将快速腐蚀。
本发明是一种主蒸汽温度为540℃、主蒸汽压力为9.8MPa的垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，能将汽轮发电机组热效率提高至34％以上，同时采用敷设特殊高导热浇注料或可塑料隔绝管子与烟气直接接触，从而有效解决高温腐蚀问题，确保水冷壁和过热器长期安全、稳定运行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明的具体技术方案是：一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，主蒸汽温度为540℃、主蒸汽压力为9.8MPa的垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，为立式悬吊结构。采用水冷燃烧室，然后按烟气流动方向依次是一通道、一二通道连接通道、二通道、三通道和四通道。其中二通道上部布置屏式过热器，三通道内依次布置蒸发保护器Ⅰ、蒸发保护器Ⅱ、高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器，四通道布置省煤器。
进一步的，燃烧室采用全水冷结构，与垃圾接触区域采用耐火砖，其余区域敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，一通道全部敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，不采用镍基防腐涂层。
所述屏式过热器，材质为TP347H，外部敷设高导热可塑料，布置在二通道上部。
所述二通道前墙采用镍基防腐涂层，二通道顶部及屏式过热器区域左右墙、后墙敷设高导热耐火浇注料。
所述二通道前墙布置三层炉膛吹灰器进行清灰，二通道下部前墙及左右墙布置有SNCR喷枪。
所述三通道下部布置蛇形管型式的蒸发保护器Ⅰ，采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器进行清灰。
所述三通道布置上下集箱型式的蒸发保护器Ⅱ，采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器。
所述高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器采用蛇形管结构，采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器。
所述省煤器采用蛇形管结构，采用激波吹灰器，同时设置虹吸式疏水装置。
所述屏式过热器和高温过热器之间设置微量喷水减温器，高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器之间分别设置二级喷水减温器和一级喷水减温器。
所述采用烟气再循环工艺，烟气再循环和二次风共用喷嘴，设置在燃烧室前后拱区域。
本发明燃烧室采用全水冷结构，前后拱区域设置烟气再循环及二次风喷嘴，可有效解决炉膛结焦、降低氮氧化物浓度和提高垃圾焚烧锅炉效率。一通道全部敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，解决水冷壁高温腐蚀，同时增大一通道辐射吸热量。屏式过热器布置在二通道上部高温区域，外部敷设高导热可塑料，以保证将蒸汽加热到540℃，同时有效解决过热器高温腐蚀问题。二通道前墙布置三层炉膛吹灰器，同时下部前墙及左右墙布置有SNCR喷枪。三通道入口依次布置蒸发保护器Ⅰ和蒸发保护器Ⅱ，以降低高温过热器入口烟气温度。高温过热器蒸汽温度高于450℃区域采用镍基堆焊防腐涂层，其余部分采用TP347H，以防止高温腐蚀。省煤器采用蛇形管结构，降低泄漏风险，并设置虹吸疏水装置。本发明垃圾焚烧锅炉主蒸汽参数为9.8MPa、540℃，使配套垃圾焚烧发电厂汽轮发电机组系统热效率提高到34％以上。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是高温高压(9.8MPa、540℃)垃圾焚烧立式锅炉结构示意图。
图2是过热系统蒸汽流程图。
图1中1.焚烧炉系统，2.锅炉钢结构，3.锅筒，4.水冷燃烧室，5.一通道，6.二通道，7.三通道，8.四通道，9.屏式过热器，10.蒸发保护器Ⅱ，11.高温过热器，12.中温过热器，13.低温过热器，14.一级喷水减温器，15.二级喷水减温器，16.微量喷水减温器，17.省煤器，18.蒸汽吹灰器，19.激波吹灰器，20.炉膛吹灰器，21.一二通道连接烟道，22.蒸发保护器Ⅰ，23.烟气再循环及二次风喷嘴。
图2中25.锅筒，26.低温过热器，27.一级喷水减温器，28.中温过热器，29.二级喷水减温器，30.高温过热器，31.微量喷水减温器，32.屏式过热器，33.集汽集箱。
具体实施方式
在图1中，垃圾在焚烧炉系统(1)中燃烧，产生的高温烟气进入垃圾焚烧立式锅炉中进行余热回收，产生高品质蒸汽送入汽轮机发电机组。一种高温高压(9.8MPa、540℃)垃圾焚烧锅炉为立式悬吊结构，锅炉钢结构(2)上依次悬吊一通道(5)、一二通道连接烟道(21)、二通道(6)、三通道(7)和四通道(8)。水冷燃烧室(4)由炉排四周膜式水冷壁构成，与垃圾接触区域敷设耐火砖，其余区域敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，以降低燃烧室温度避免结焦。烟气再循环及二次风喷嘴(23)布置在水冷燃烧室(4)前后拱区域，采用再循环烟气时可降低焚烧炉出口氮氧化物浓度、防止燃烧室结焦和提高垃圾焚烧锅炉效率，同时可根据垃圾热值和热负荷情况调整二次风和再循环烟气配比。一通道(5)和一二通道连接烟道(21)敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，隔绝管子与烟气直接接触以避免水冷壁高温腐蚀。屏式过热器(9)布置在二通道(6)上部，管屏外部敷设特殊高导热可塑料同时位于高温烟气区域，以获得较高传热效率，同时隔绝烟气与管子直接接触以彻底解决过热器高温腐蚀问题。二通道(6)前墙布置三层炉膛吹灰器，可对前墙进行蒸汽吹灰以保持辐射受热面清洁，同时下部前墙及左右墙布置有SNCR喷枪，确保炉内脱硝效率。三通道(7)下部布置蛇形管型式的蒸发保护器Ⅰ，横向节距270mm，同时采用蒸汽吹灰。三通道(7)内布置蒸发保护器Ⅱ(10)、高温过热器(11)、中温过热器(12)、低温过热器(13)，四通道(8)内省煤器(17)，前述对流受热面均通过吊杆悬吊在锅炉钢结构(2)。高温过热器(11)、中温过热器(12)、低温过热器(13)均采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器(18)进行清灰，确保管束不积灰、结焦，进而避免高温区域管子发生灰渣高温融盐腐蚀。省煤器(17)位于低温区域，采用激波吹灰器(19)进行清灰以降低设备初期投资和运行成本。高温过热器(11)、中温过热器(12)、低温过热器(13)、省煤器(17)均采用蛇形管结构，相比以前上下集箱结构具有制造成本低和不存在角焊缝泄漏风险，同时省煤器设置虹吸式疏水装置以解决水压试验和停炉时省煤器管束疏水问题。
在图2中，来自锅筒(25)的饱和蒸汽依次通过低温过热器(26)、一级喷水减温器(27)、中温过热器(28)、二级喷水减温器(29)、高温过热器(30)、微量喷水减温器(31)、屏式过热器(32)，通过以上设备将蒸汽加热到设计温度540℃。通过每两级过热器之间的喷水减温器，可灵活调整进入下级过热器的蒸汽温度及保证主蒸汽出口温度在要求范围内，减温水来自锅炉给水母管。烟气热量主要以辐射方式传递到屏式过热器，然后依次通过特殊可塑料及管子加热管内蒸汽至540℃。
本发明采用主蒸汽温度为540℃的垃圾焚烧余热锅炉屏式过热器。屏式过热器由受热管屏、销钉、特殊可塑料、管夹、上联箱、柔性密封装置、吊挂装置和检修人孔组成。屏式过热器敷设可塑料，隔绝管子与烟气接触，彻底解决高温腐蚀。屏式过热器可将蒸汽加热到540℃，使配套垃圾焚烧发电厂汽轮发电机组系统热效率提高到34％。

Claims (5)

1.一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，其特征在于，主蒸汽温度为540℃、主蒸汽压力为9.8MPa的垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，为立式悬吊结构；包括水冷燃烧室，按烟气流动方向依次是一通道、一二通道连接通道、二通道、三通道和四通道。其中二通道上部布置屏式过热器，三通道内依次布置蒸发保护器Ⅰ、蒸发保护器Ⅱ、高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器，四通道布置省煤器；
所述燃烧室采用全水冷结构，与垃圾接触区域采用耐火砖，其余区域敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，一通道全部敷设高导热碳化硅浇注料，不采用镍基防腐涂层；
所述屏式过热器，材质为TP347H，外部敷设高导热可塑料，布置在二通道上部；
所述二通道前墙采用镍基防腐涂层，二通道顶部及屏式过热器区域左右墙、后墙敷设高导热耐火浇注料；
所述二通道前墙布置三层炉膛吹灰器进行清灰，二通道下部前墙及左右墙布置有SNCR喷枪；
所述三通道下部布置蛇形管型式的蒸发保护器Ⅰ，采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器进行清灰；
所述三通道布置上下集箱型式的蒸发保护器Ⅱ，采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，其特征在于，所述高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器采用蛇形管结构，采用大横向节距，同时采用蒸汽吹灰器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，其特征在于，所述省煤器采用蛇形管结构，采用激波吹灰器，同时设置虹吸式疏水装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，其特征在于，所述屏式过热器和高温过热器之间设置微量喷水减温器，高温过热器、中温过热器、低温过热器之间分别设置二级喷水减温器和一级喷水减温器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉，其特征在于，烟气再循环和二次风共用喷嘴。
CN201811646221.0A 2018-12-30 2018-12-30 一种高温高压垃圾焚烧立式锅炉 Pending CN110006043A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113203095A (zh) * 2021-04-07 2021-08-03 合肥工业大学 一种垃圾焚烧炉中清灰的装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113203095A (zh) * 2021-04-07 2021-08-03 合肥工业大学 一种垃圾焚烧炉中清灰的装置

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