CN110003410B - 一种六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110003410B
CN110003410B CN201910264561.5A CN201910264561A CN110003410B CN 110003410 B CN110003410 B CN 110003410B CN 201910264561 A CN201910264561 A CN 201910264561A CN 110003410 B CN110003410 B CN 110003410B
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宋文琦
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法,该共聚物包含:DPE核,以及连接在DPE核上的MMA‑DMA臂,在MMA‑DMA臂的DMA段上连接有β‑CD。本发明的共聚物具有包合性以及温度/pH敏感性,在水性介质中可以自组装形成PMMA为核、PDMA‑环糊精为壳的胶束,通过调节温度或pH值变化,调节胶束的粒径大小,利用胶束的疏水内环境和壳层环糊精空腔可以包覆不同疏水性药物分子,有望应用于药物释放领。

Description

一种六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种共聚物,具体涉及一种六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法。
背景技术
两亲性环境响应共聚物在水介质中可以自组装形成内核疏水外壳亲水的胶束,由于共聚物本身或自组装后存在空腔结构,可以包疏水性药物分子,对外界环境微小变化(如温度、pH)将产生物理化学性质变化,在生物医药领域具有重要的应用价值。
甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMA)是制备两亲性环境响应性聚合物的重要单体之一,由于分子结构中存在叔胺基团,其聚合物PDMA是一个弱碱,在中性或碱性条件下表现出温度依赖的溶解性,在酸性条件下被质子化成为聚阳离子电解质而可溶于水。随分子量、分子结构以及环境条件不同, PDMA的较低临界溶液温度(Lower Critical SolutionTemperature,LCST)在 35~55℃范围变化。此外,PDMA能很好地亲和DNA和聚阴离子药物,与环糊精聚合物等一样都广泛应用于生物医药领域。
β-环糊精(β-Cyclodextrin,β-CD)是一种具有独特空腔结构的锥台状两亲性天然高分子,腔内疏水,腔外亲水,可以与多种客体小分子形成超分子包合物,腔外21个伯仲羟基可进行多种反应,通过改性将其引入高分子结构中,可以赋予聚合物分子独特的物理化学性能。
星形聚合物作为一类具有特殊形态学结构的聚合物代表,自身结构中多条线形链链接于同一节点,具有良好的反应性与功能性,与分子量相同的线性聚合物相比具有更多独特的性质,如结晶度低、扩散系数低、熔融黏度低,流体动力学体积小,表面官能度高等,在涂料、电解质、表面活性剂以及生物医药领域具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法,该共聚物解决了药物释放的问题,具有包合性以及温度/pH敏感性,在水性介质中可以自组装形成PMMA为核、PDMA-环糊精为壳的胶束,通过调节温度或pH值变化,调节胶束的粒径大小,利用胶束的疏水内环境和壳层环糊精空腔可以包覆不同疏水性药物分子,有望应用于药物释放领。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种六臂星形共聚物,该共聚物包含: DPE核,以及连接在DPE核上的MMA-DMA臂,在MMA-DMA臂的DMA (甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯)段上连接有β-CD。
优选地,该共聚物具有如下式(Ⅰ)所示的结构:
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000021
其中,R具有如下式(Ⅱ)所示的结构:
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000022
其中,x:y:z为60~200:60~300:1~10。
优选地,该共聚物的分子量为16~20万。
本发明还提供了一种所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,该方法包含:
(1)将双季戊四醇、2-溴丙酰溴溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,在25~50℃反应,获得DPPB-Br;
(2)将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、dNbpy、CuCl2和DPPB-Br溶于苯甲醚中,惰性气体环境下加入CuCl,将体系密封,于80℃反应,获得DPPB-PMMA-Br;
(3)将GMA-HDA-β-CD、DPPB-PMMA-Br、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯和五甲基二乙烯三胺溶于DMF中,惰性气体环境下加入CuCl,将体系密封,于20℃反应,获得所述的六臂星形共聚物。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,在冰水浴中,依次加入双季戊四醇、2-溴丙酰溴于N-甲基吡咯烷酮后加热至25~50℃反应。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,待反应结束后,采用CH2Cl2萃取,浓缩,再用THF-甲醇水溶液重结晶,得到DPPB-Br。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,待反应结束后,产物用中性氧化铝层析,浓缩,得到DPPB-PMMA-Br。
优选地,在步骤(3)中,待反应结束后,用乙醚沉淀,抽滤,将滤饼溶于DMF中,装袋透析,冷冻干燥,得到所述的六臂星形共聚物。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述双季戊四醇的质量与2-溴丙酰溴的体积之比为1.27g:5~10mL;在步骤(2)中,所述DPPB-Br和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为DPPB-Br:甲基丙烯酸甲酯=1:50~150;在步骤(3)中,所述 DPPB-PMMA-Br、DMA和GMA-HDA-β-CD的摩尔比为1:100~300:10~50,所述DPPB-PMMA-Br:CuCl:五甲基二乙烯三胺的摩尔比为1:1:1。
本发明的六臂星形共聚物及其制备方法,解决了药物释放的问题,具有以下优点:
本发明的六臂星形共聚物具有包合性以及温度/pH敏感性,在水性介质中可以自组装形成PMMA为核、PDMA-环糊精为壳的胶束,通过调节温度或pH值变化,调节胶束的粒径大小,利用胶束的疏水内环境和壳层环糊精空腔可以包覆不同疏水性药物分子,有望应用于药物释放领。
附图说明
图1为本发明各星形共聚物的SEC/MALLS曲线。
图2为本发明制备的DPPB-Br、DPPB-PMMA-Br和DPPB-(PMMA-b- (DMA-co-GMA-HDA-β-CD))61H核磁谱图。
图3为本发明各共聚物的FT-IR谱图一。
图4为本发明各共聚物的FT-IR谱图二。
图5为pH=2环境中本发明共聚物S2胶束溶液中ANS的荧光谱图。
图6为pH=12条件下本发明共聚物S2胶束溶液中ANS的荧光谱图。
图7为pH=12条件下本发明共聚物S2胶束溶液包合结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)六官能团引发剂(DPPB-Br)的合成
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000041
在冰浴条件下依次将1.27gDPE(Dipentaerythritol,双季戊四醇)、7mL BPB(2-BromopropionylBromide,2-溴丙酰溴)加入至15mL干燥的NMP (N-Methylpyrrolidone,N-甲基吡咯烷酮)溶剂中,于50℃反应24h。
待反应结束后,将反应混合物倒入CH2Cl2中搅拌萃取,用稀NaHCO3溶液和蒸馏水洗涤,萃取的有机层旋转蒸发除去多余溶剂,再用THF (Tetrahydrofuran,四氢呋喃)溶解产物,并在MeOH水溶液中沉淀,抽滤,滤饼在40℃真空干燥至恒重,备用。
红外光谱表征:
FTIR(KBr):1743cm-1(C=O),609cm-1(C-Br)。
核磁数据表征:
1H-NMR(δ,ppm):3.29-(OCH 2)3CCH 2O-,4.00-(OCH 2)3C,4.44 Br(CH3)CH 2COO-,1.97Br(CH 3)CH2COO-。
(2)六臂星形大分子引发剂(DPPB-PMMA-Br)的合成
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000051
注:式中的表示结构中()内的重复片段,该重复片段重复长度为x,x的值为60~200。
依次将12gMMA(Methylmethacrylate,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、0.98gdNbpy (4,4'-Dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine,4,4'-二壬基-2,2'-联吡啶)、16mgCuCl2、0.22g DPPB-Br加入12g苯甲醚中,完全溶解后抽真空-通氮气除氧,在氮气保护下快速加入0.12gCuCl,将体系密封,于60℃反应3h。
待反应结束后,将产物用中性氧化上铝层析柱过滤(洗脱液为THF),旋转蒸发除去多余THF后加入到甲醇中沉淀,抽滤,再进行THF/MeOH重结晶一次,产物于40℃真空干燥至恒重备用,得到DPPB-PMMA-Br,以下简称S0。
红外光谱表征:
FTIR(KBr):1730cm-1(C=O),1150cm-1(C-O),3000~2800cm-1(-CH3, -CH2-)。
核磁数据表征:
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.10-CCH2O(O)C-,3.45~3.76-C(O)OCH3, 1.42~1.95-CH 2CH(CH3)-,0.84~1.02-CH3
(3)环糊精星形共聚物DPPB-(PMMA-b-(DMA-co-GMA-HDA-β-CD))6的合成
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000061
注:R具有如下式所示的结构:
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000062
其中,式中的
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000063
表示结构末端()内的重复片段,即DMA段和β-CD段,该DMA 段和β-CD段的比例为y:z=60~300:1~10。
依次将1.50g GMA-HDA-β-CD(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-软单体丙烯酸十六酯-β-环糊精)、0.22g DPPB-PMMA-Br、0.75g DMA(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate,甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯)、3.42mg PMDETA(五甲基二乙烯三胺)加入9mLDMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,完全溶解后抽真空-通氮除氧,在氮气保护下快速加入2mgCuCl,将体系密封,于20℃反应3.5h或 7h。
待反应结束后,用乙醚沉淀,抽滤,将滤饼溶于适量DMF中,装袋透析14天,冷冻干燥,得到产物DPPB-(PMMA-b-(DMA-co-GMA-HDA-β-CD))6,以下简称S1。
如图1所示,为本发明各星形共聚物的SEC/MALLS(分子排阻色谱/多角度激光光散射法)曲线(图中,s-PMMA为DPPB-PMMA-Br, s-PMMA-b-(PDMA-co-GHCD)-1为S1,s-PMMA-b-(PDMA-co-GHCD)-2为 S2)。如图2所示,为本发明制备的DPPB-PMMA-Br和 DPPB-(PMMA-b-(DMA-co-GMA-HDA-β-CD))61H核磁谱图,由图1及图 2可知,DPPB-PMMA-Br的分子量由MMA的甲氧基氢(δ3.60,3H)和DPPB 的酯键氢(δ4.10,2H)积分比计算得到,SEC/MALLS测定结果与1H-NMR 数据吻合较好,分子量约为7万,分子量分布很窄,每个臂约有111~114个 MMA单元。
如图3和4所示,为本发明各共聚物的FT-IR谱图(图3中,s-PMMA-Br 为DPPB-PMMA-Br;图4中,s-PMMA为DPPB-PMMA-Br,s-PMMA-b-PDMA 为DPPB-PMMA-b-PDMA-Br,其作为对比嵌段聚合物, s-PMMA-b-(PDMA-co-GHCD)-2为S2),DPPB-PMMA-b-PDMA-Br的制备方法与S2基本相同,只是不加入GMA-HDA-β-CD,图4中1035cm-1处出现了环糊精的特征峰,表明了S1的成功合成。由于环糊精C(2)~C(6)质子化学位移(δ3.13~3.82)与MMA(δ3.60)和DMA(δ3.99)的积分面积重叠(见图2),因而S2分子量根据环糊精C(1)—H(δ4.83)、DMA(δ2.19)和共聚物全部甲基(δ0.75~0.95)的积分比计算得到,分子量约为17万,分子量分布较窄,S1每个臂的嵌段比例为113(MMA):72(DMA):4(β-CD)。
对本发明各共聚物进行以下测定:
(1)本发明各共聚物性能测试
表1为测定的本发明不同分子量的共聚物的性能表
Figure RE-GDA0002059511070000071
注:
a:S1~S2样品分别为不同分子量的DPPB-(PMMA-b-(DMA-co-GMA-HDA-β-CD))6
引发点/单体投料比分别为[DPPB-Br]:[MMA]=1:200,[DPPB-PMMA-Br]:[DMA]:[GMA-HDA-β-CD]=1:250:50;S1~S2制备过程中的ATRP聚合,其中[DPPB-PMMA-Br]:[CuCl]: [PMDETA]=1:1:1,制备S1~S2中的投料比(即摩尔比)是相同的,不同是反应时间,在制备S2时, GMA-HDA-β-CD、DPPB-PMMA-Br和DMA的反应时间为7h;
b:Mw/Mn为高聚物的分子量分散指数,MW代表重均分子量,Mn代表数均分子量,由SEC/MALLS 测得;
c:1H-NMR计算s-PMMA-b-(PDMA-co-GHCD)系列聚合时,由于GMA-HDA-β-CD质子峰覆盖了 PMMA中-OCH3以及PDMA中-OCH2-质子峰,溶剂峰覆盖了PDMA中-CH2N<质子峰,嵌段比由甲基质子峰相比例算出。
(2)本发明的DPPB-(PMMA-b-(DMA-co-GMA-HDA-β-CD))6的临界胶束浓度(CMC)以及pH依赖性测定
CMC是两亲性聚合物发生聚集形成胶束的最低浓度,是表征胶束形成以及稳定性的重要参数,CMC低的胶束自组装能强,胶束热稳定性高。本发明选择Py作为外来荧光探针,根据Py在水环境和胶束内环境中荧光发射谱和激发谱的不同特征来测试CMC,两种检测波长下测试得到的CMC数据几乎一致,表明测得的CMC值稳定可靠,共聚物S1(嵌段比例~113/72/4)在 pH=2、7和12条件下对应的CMC约为6.3、3.0和1.8mg/L,即该共聚物胶束具有pH依赖的CMC。
(3)共聚物胶束的包合性
如图5所示,为pH=2环境中本发明共聚物S2胶束溶液中ANS(8-苯胺 -1-萘磺酸,8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonicacid)的荧光谱图(图中b~e为不同浓度的共聚物S2,a为ANS),从图中可见,随共聚物胶束浓度增加,ANS 荧光发射峰的波长发生蓝移,荧光强度也明显增加,这是由于因为ANS的荧光特性与周围微环境的极性密切相关,共聚物S2中的β-CD与ANS包合物的形成导致ANS荧光发射峰蓝移且荧光强度的增强,胶束的疏水内环境也可以包合ANS。因此,表明本发明的共聚物胶束具有超分子包合性。
如图6所示,为pH=12条件下本发明共聚物S2胶束溶液中ANS的荧光谱图(图中b~e为不同浓度的共聚物S2,a为ANS),如图7所示,为pH=12 条件下本发明共聚物S2胶束溶液包合结构图,从图中可见,本发明共聚物 S2也具有超分子包合性,但是,碱性条件下共聚物S2与ANS的荧光包合强度减弱很多,这由于碱性条件下,PDMA嵌段去质子化塌缩,阻碍了分子内疏水核空腔和分子壳层环糊精对于ANS的包合作用,导致包合性变弱,荧光强度降低,这些表明该星形共聚物胶束具有pH响应性性的分子包合特性。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims (8)

1.一种六臂星形共聚物,其特征在于,该共聚物包含:DPE核,以及连接在DPE核上的MMA-DMA臂,在MMA-DMA臂的DMA段上连接有β-CD;
该共聚物具有如下式(Ⅰ)所示的结构:
Figure FDA0002976991630000011
其中,R具有如下式(Ⅱ)所示的结构:
Figure FDA0002976991630000012
其中,x:y:z为60~200:60~300:1~10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的六臂星形共聚物,其特征在于,该共聚物的分子量为16~20万。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包含:
步骤(1):将双季戊四醇、2-溴丙酰溴溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,在25~50℃反应,获得DPPB-Br;
步骤(2):将甲基丙烯酸甲酯、dNbpy、CuCl2和DPPB-Br溶于苯甲醚中,惰性气体环境下加入CuCl,将体系密封,于80℃反应,获得DPPB-PMMA-Br;
步骤(3):将GMA-HDA-β-CD、DPPB-PMMA-Br、DMA和五甲基二乙烯三胺溶于DMF中,惰性气体环境下加入CuCl,将体系密封,于20℃反应,获得所述的六臂星形共聚物;
GMA-HDA-β-CD为甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-软单体丙烯酸十六酯-β-环糊精;DMA为甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,在冰水浴中,依次加入双季戊四醇、2-溴丙酰溴于N-甲基吡咯烷酮后加热至25~50℃反应。
5.根据权利要求3所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,待反应结束后,采用CH2Cl2萃取,浓缩,再用THF-甲醇水溶液重结晶,得到DPPB-Br。
6.根据权利要求3所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,待反应结束后,产物用中性氧化铝层析,浓缩,得到DPPB-PMMA-Br。
7.根据权利要求3所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,待反应结束后,用乙醚沉淀,抽滤,将滤饼溶于DMF中,装袋透析,冷冻干燥,得到所述的六臂星形共聚物。
8.根据权利要求3-7中任意一项所述的六臂星形共聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述双季戊四醇的质量与2-溴丙酰溴的体积之比为1.27g:5~10mL;在步骤(2)中,所述DPPB-Br和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为DPPB-Br:甲基丙烯酸甲酯=1:50~150;在步骤(3)中,所述DPPB-PMMA-Br、DMA和GMA-HDA-β-CD的摩尔比为1:100~300:10~50,所述DPPB-PMMA-Br:CuCl:五甲基二乙烯三胺的摩尔比为1:1:1。
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